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Hypotrachyna heteroloba (Zahlbr.) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803586 Parmelia heteroloba Zahlbruckner (1909: 171); Parmelina heteroloba (Vain.) Hale (1974a: 482); Parmelinopsis heteroloba (Vain.) Elix & Hale (1987: 242)., Published as part of Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Núñez-Zapata, Jano, Flakus, Adam, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Elix, John A. & Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, 2013, A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), pp. 21-38 in Phytotaxa 132 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5086040, {"references":["Zahlbruckner, A. (1909) Lichenes (Flechten). In: Ergebnisse der botanischen Expedition der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften nach Sudbrasilien. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 83: 85 - 211. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 7091 - 5790 - 9","Hale, M. E., Jr (1974 a) Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae. Phytologia 28: 479 - 490.","Elix, J. A. & Hale, M. E. (1987) Canomaculina, Myelochroa, Parmelinella, Parmelinopsis and Parmotremopsis, five new genera in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 29: 233 - 244."]}

Hypotrachyna cleefii (Sipman) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803583 Parmelina cleefii Sipman (1980: 352); Parmelinopsis cleefii (Sipman) V. Marcano & Sipman in Marcano et al. (1996: 214). Hypotrachyna ectypa (Brusse) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803584 Parmelia ectypa Brusse (1991: 164); Parmelinopsis ectypa (Brusse) DePriest & Hale (1998: 203)., Published as part of Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Núñez-Zapata, Jano, Flakus, Adam, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Elix, John A. & Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, 2013, A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), pp. 21-38 in Phytotaxa 132 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5086040, {"references":["Sipman, H. J. M. (1980) Studies on Colombian cryptogams. X. The genus Everniastrum Hale and related taxa (Lichens). Proceedings Koninkijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, ser. C 83: 333 - 354.","Marcano, V., Morales Mendez, A., Sipman, H. & Calderon, L. (1996) A first checklist of the lichen-forming fungi of the Venezuelan Andes. Tropical Bryology 12: 193 - 235.","Brusse, F. A. (1991) A new species in the lichen genus Parmelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycotina), from the Blouberg, northern Transvaal, South Africa, with further notes on southern African lichens. Mycotaxon 42: 163 - 169.","DePriest, P. T. & Hale, B. W. (1998) New combinations in parmelioid genera (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon 67: 201 - 206."]}

Hypotrachyna neoprotocetrarica Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, nom. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803592 Parmelinopsis protocetrarica Elix (1993a: 119); non Hypotrachyna protocetrarica Elix, T.H. Nash & Sipman in Sipman et al. (2009: 127). Hypotrachyna schindleri (Hale) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803593 Parmelina schindleri Hale (1976: 44); Parmelinopsis schindleri (Hale) Elix & Hale (1987: 243)., Published as part of Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Núñez-Zapata, Jano, Flakus, Adam, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Elix, John A. & Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, 2013, A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), pp. 21-38 in Phytotaxa 132 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5086040, {"references":["Elix, J. A. (1993 a) New species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australia. Mycotaxon 47: 101 - 129.","Sipman, H. J. M., Elix, J. A. & Nash, T. H. (2009) Hypotrachyna (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Fungi). Flora Neotropica Monograph 104: 1 - 176.","Hale, M. E., Jr (1976) A monograph of the lichen genus Parmelina Hale (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 33: 1 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 x. 33","Elix, J. A. & Hale, M. E. (1987) Canomaculina, Myelochroa, Parmelinella, Parmelinopsis and Parmotremopsis, five new genera in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 29: 233 - 244."]}

Hypotrachyna nagalandica (K. Singh & Sinha) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803590 Parmelina nagalandica K. Singh & Sinha (1993: 464); Parmelinopsis nagalandica (K. Singh & Sinha) Divakar & Upreti (2005: 288)., Published as part of Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Núñez-Zapata, Jano, Flakus, Adam, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Elix, John A. & Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, 2013, A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), pp. 21-38 in Phytotaxa 132 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5086040, {"references":["Singh, K. P. & Sinha, G. P. (1993) Two new species of Parmelina from India. Nordic Journal of Botany 13: 463 - 466. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1993. tb 00082. x","Divakar, P. K. & Upreti, D. K. (2005) Parmelioid lichens in India (A revisionary study). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun p. 488."]}

Hypotrachyna expallida (Kurok.) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803585 Parmelia expallida Kurokawa (1968: 191); Parmelina expallida (Kurok.) Hale (1974a: 482); Parmelinopsis expallida (Kurok.) Elix & Hale (1987: 242)., Published as part of Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Núñez-Zapata, Jano, Flakus, Adam, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Elix, John A. & Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, 2013, A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), pp. 21-38 in Phytotaxa 132 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5086040, {"references":["Kurokawa, S. (1968) Parmelia expallida, a new lichen species from eastern Asia. Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), Series B (Botany) 11: 191 - 194.","Hale, M. E., Jr (1974 a) Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae. Phytologia 28: 479 - 490.","Elix, J. A. & Hale, M. E. (1987) Canomaculina, Myelochroa, Parmelinella, Parmelinopsis and Parmotremopsis, five new genera in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 29: 233 - 244."]}

Lepraria lendemeri Bungartz, Elix, Hillmann & Kalb sp. nov. MycoBank no. 804377 Diagnosis: Similar to Lepraria methylbarbatica but differs in containing zeorin and 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone and in growing on bark. Holotype:— ECUADOR. GALAPAGOS: Floreana Island, caldera of Cerro Pajas, trail at the end of road leading up to crater rim, 1˚17'47" S, 90˚27'23.19" W, on branch of Zanthoxylum fagara, 02-Jan-2010, Hillmann, G. GAL-10 (CDS 44773). (Figs. 5e–f) Thallus corticolous; placodioid leprose, i.e., developing upon a common, shared hypothallus, delimited by a byssoid arachnoid, 'cottony'prothallus forming an irregular margin, not lobed or 'crisped' (finkii - type sensu Lendemer 2011a); surface greenish gray to bluish green, in the herbarium fading to a pale yellowish green; hypothallus moderately to well developed, loose, 'fluffy', 'cottony'; rhizohyphae sparse or absent; granules ecorticate, ill-defined, farinose [(25–)40–60(–70) µm in diam., rather fine and relatively uniform in size], generally loosely packed, typically with some protruding hyphae; photobiont green, coccoid, 6–12 µm in diam. Spot tests and chemistry: P−, K± sordid yellow, KC−, C−; UV+ deeply ochraceous; zeorin, methyl barbatate, 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone, unknown terpenes (possibly from the bark substrate). Etymology: This species is named in honor of the American lichenologist James Lendemer, in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of the genus Lepraria. Distribution and ecology: This new species in known only from the Galapagos where it occurs on both native and introduced trees in the agricultural areas of the humid zone on the inhabited islands, Santa Cruz and Floreana. Notes: Chemically and morphologically this new species resembles the Australian Lepraria methylbarbatica Elix (in Elix & Kalb 2008: 31) and the North American endemic L. barbatica Lendemer (2010a: 273). Lepraria barbatica contains barbatic acid, a substance chemically related to methyl barbatate present in both L. lendemeri and L. methylbarbatica. However, L. barbatica contains usnic acid in addition to barbatic acid, so it is chemically distinct from both L. lendemeri and L. methylbarbatica. Lepraria lendemeri, like L methylbarbatica contains methyl barbatate as its major metabolite, but the Australian species is invariably saxicolous and lacks both zeorin and 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone. Instead, L. methylbarbatica contains minor or trace quantities of barbatic acid and methyl 2'- O -methylbarbatate, substances not observed in L. lendemeri. Methyl barbatate, the characteristic metabolite of these species may previously have been overlooked or even mistaken for the very common lichen substance atranorin. It exhibits an R f somewhat higher than atranorin: in solvent C at R f 86, in solvent A only slightly above atranorin, at R f 77. It forms a dull, barely visible spot in long wave UV-light (λ 365 nm) and appears as distinct dark spot in short wave UV-light (λ 254 nm) before charring. After H 2 SO 4 and heat ('charring') the spot becomes pale grey, or, depending on concentration, may be even pale to deep yellow, then usually with a pale gray halo. In long wave UV-light (λ 365 nm) after charring this spot appears gray to almost bluish or, again depending on concentration, purplish gray with a bright green halo. Specimens examined (paratypes). ECUADOR. GALAPAGOS: Santa Cruz Island, Bellavista, near parking place for trail to Media Luna, 0˚40'10" S, 90˚19'22" W, 400 m alt., on Cinchona, 27-May-2005, Aptroot, A. 63130 (CDS 29860); tras del Puntudo, ex finca de Don Benito, 0˚38'27.10" S, 90˚19'59.39" W, 732 m alt., on Cordia alliodora, 07-Jul-2006, Nugra, F. 47 (CDS 32700)., Published as part of Bungartz, Frank, Hillmann, Georg, Kalb, Klaus & Elix, John A., 2013, Leprose and leproid lichens of the Galapagos, with a particular focus on Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Septotrapelia (Pilocarpaceae), pp. 1-28 in Phytotaxa 150 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.150.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5100473, {"references":["Lendemer, J. C. (2011 a) A standardized morphological terminology and descriptive scheme for Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae). Lichenologist 43 (5): 379 - 399. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282911000326","Elix, J. A. & Kalb, K. (2008) Additional new lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia. Australasian Lichenology 63: 30 - 36.","Lendemer, J. C. (2010 a) Notes on Lepraria s. l. (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) in North America: New species, new reports, and preliminary keys. Brittonia 62: 267 - 292."]}