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Lagynochthonius bailongtanensis sp. nov. (Figs 1���18) Type material. Holotype: male (MSWU: Ms20181015-01), CHINA: Yunnan Province, Luoping County, Bailongtan Village, Qianfo cave, 24��51.966�� N, 104��17.374�� E, 1594 m, 28 February 2016, leg. Yun-chun Li. Paratypes: 27 adults (10 ♂, 17 ♀) in MSWU (Ms20181015-01), 4 adults (2 ♂, 2 ♀) in MNHN (Ar-Ps146-02), all with same data as holotype. The cave is approximately 700 m long, and 2���5 m high. The types were collected from under stones about 200 m from the cave entrance. Diagnosis. Lagynochthonius with troglobiont habitus; carapace without eyes or eyespots. Epistome small, rounded. Tergites II���VI each with 4 setae, medial setae longer than lateral setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.9���10.0 times longer than broad (length 1.30���1.58 mm), patella 2.4���2.5 times (length 0.43���0.55 mm), chela 8.5���10.2 times longer than broad, hand 3.9���4.2 times longer than broad. Etymology. Named after the village of Bailongtan, near the type locality. Description. Carapace, pedipalps and chelicerae brown, legs slightly yellowish. Carapace distinctly constricted posteriorly (Fig. 3), 0.94���0.96 times longer than broad, anterior margin thin, finely denticulate, epistome very small, obtuse, one seta near its base on each side; no eyes or eyespots; chaetotaxy 6:4:4:2:2 (18), anterolateral setae much shorter than others. Tergal chaetotaxy: male 3���4:4:4:4:4:4:4���5:4���5:4���5:4:T2T:0, female 4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4���5:4:T2T:0. Sternal setae III���XII: male, 8���10:10���11:12:12:12:10:9���10:9:0:2, female 8���9:12:10���11:11���12:10:10:10:9���10:0:2; sternites IX��� X with unpaired median seta. Manducatory process pointed, with 2 distal setae, one long and the other slightly shorter. Setae P 5, coxa I 3���4, II 3���4, III 5, IV 5; intercoxal tubercle absent. Process of coxa I long and rounded at tip. Coxae II each with 9���11 spines, arranged in an arc, distal (middle) spines longest, spines incised for about half their length. Male and female genital opercula as illustrated (Figs 17���18). Male anterior genital operculum (Fig. 18) with 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 13���15 marginal setae on each side; female anterior genital operculum (Fig. 17) with 11���12 setae plus 6 setae on posterior margin. Chelicera (Fig. 8) with 5 setae on palm, ventrobasal seta shorter than others, palm with moderate hispid granulation dorsally. Fixed finger with 23���25 small teeth, decreasing in size proximally; movable finger with 16��� 17 small teeth. Spinneret not developed, but silk ducts present. Serrula exterior with 22���25 and serrula interior with 14 blades. Rallum composed of 8 blades (Fig. 9), distal blade weakly recumbent basally, with fine barbules and set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae. Palp (Figs 11���16) with weak granulation ventrally at base of femur and base of patella. Trochanter 1.6���1.9 times longer than broad, femur slightly widened distally, 8.9���10.0 times, patella 2.4���2.5 times longer than broad, femur 2.9���3.1 times longer than patella, chela 8.5���10.2 times longer than broad, hand 3.6���3.9 times longer than broad; movable finger 1.2���1.4 times longer than hand. Setal formula of femur 4���5:4:1:2:4���5:1. Chelal palm (Figs 11, 14) gradually constricted towards fingers; dorsal surface with a single row of 3���4 chemosensory setae between trichobothria esb and ib / isb; distal paraxial seta of palm not enlarged. Fingers straight in dorsal view (Fig. 14). Fixed finger with 18���22 macrodenticles, plus one tooth on antiaxial face (Figs 12, 15), near trichobothria dx. Movable finger with 10 macrodenticles; base of finger with about 3���7 very low, vestigial teeth (without canals and therefore difficult to count accurately). Movable finger with 4 sensilla: am 1���2 near tip (Fig. 13); p 1 slightly proximad of sb, p 2 well distad of sb; terminal tooth of movable finger not hooked; apodeme complex of movable finger strongly sclerotized. Movable finger with a row of 4 very weakly lanceolate setae antaxioventrally, extending from t to nearly half-way between st and sb (Fig. 13). Legs (Figs 5���7) elongate. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femora I and IV and patella IV. Leg I: femur 9.3���9.9 times longer than deep and 1.9���2.2 times longer than patella, patella 4.1���5.2 times, tibia 5.0���5.4 times, tarsus 12.7���13.2 times longer than deep and 2.2���2.5 times longer than tibia. Leg IV: femur+patella 6.0���6.3 times, tibia 6.8���7.5 times longer than deep, basitarsus 3.9���4.6 times longer than deep, with a basal tactile setae (TS= 0.23���0.27), telotarsus 14.4���15.9 times longer than deep and 2.4���3.0 times longer than basitarsus, with a tactile seta near base (TS= 0.20���0.23). Measurements (in mm): Male (holotype and paratypes). Body length 2.55���2.92; carapace (length/breadth) 0.66���0.72/0.71���0.75. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.31���0.34/0.16���0.19, femur 1.30���1.58/0.15���0.18, patella 0.43���0.55/ 0.18���0.22, length of chela 1.85���2.22, hand 0.86���0.92/0.23���0.25, length of movable finger 1.07���1.21. Leg I: femur 0.79���0.85/0.09���0.11, patella 0.39���0.41/0.09���0.11, tibia 0.34���0.38/0.07���0.09, tarsus 0.81���0.83/0.07���0.09. Leg IV: femur+patella 1.07���1.21/0.17���0.21, tibia 0.71���0.78/0.10���0.12, basitarsus 0.33���0.36/0.08���0.10, telotarsus 0.87��� 0.92/0.06���0.08. Female (paratypes). Body length 2.72���2.95; carapace (length/breadth) 0.59���0.68/0.62���0.72. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.32���0.37/0.19���0.22, femur 1.35���1.56/0.17���0.19, patella 0.45���0.53/0.19���0.20, length of chela 1.94��� 2.03, hand 0.82���0.87/0.22���0.24, length of movable finger 1.09���1.17. Leg I: femur 0.73���0.75/0.08���0.10, patella 0.38���0.40/0.07���0.09, tibia 0.32���0.35/0.06���0.08, tarsus 0.78���0.82/0.05���0.07. Leg IV: femur+patella 1.08���1.13/ 0.18���0.21, tibia 0.62���0.69/0.09���0.11, basitarsus 0.29���0.33/0.07���0.08, telotarsus 0.84���0.89/0.06���0.07., Published as part of Li, Yun-Chun, Liu, Huai & Shi, Ai-Min, 2019, A new cave-dwelling species of Lagynochthonius (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Yunnan Province, China in Zootaxa 4571 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2605932

Key to the species of Lagynochthonius known from China 1. Carapace with eyes.................................................................................... 2 - Carapace without eyes or eyespots................................................... L. bailongtanensis sp. nov. 2. Posterior pair of eyes reduced to eyespots.................................................................. 3 - Posterior pair of eyes with flattened lenses.................................................................. 5 3. Trichobothrium sb 2.0 times as far from st as far from b; palpal femur 5.8 times as long as broad............................................................................................ L. brachydigitatus Zhang & Zhang, 2014 - Trichobothrium sb 1.3���1.5 times as far from st as far from b; palpal femur 3.0���4.0 times as long as broad................ 4 4. Tergites III���V each with 6 setae; palpal femur 3.0 times as long as broad (length 0.45 mm), hand 2.0 times longer than broad.................................................................................. L. sinensis (Beier, 1967) - Tergites III���V each with 4 setae; palpal femur 4.0 times as long as broad (length 0.60 mm), hand 2.7 times longer than broad................................................................................ L. tonkinensis (Beier, 1951) 5. Chelal fingers without intercalary teeth.................................................................... 6 - At least one finger of chela with intercalary teeth............................................................ 7 6. Palpal femur 6.3���6.4 times as long as broad (length 0.70���0.75 mm), chela length 0.95���1.00 mm.................................................................................................. L. leptopalpus Hu & Zhang, 2012 - Palpal femur 4.8���5.5 times as long as broad (length 0.55���0.58 mm), chela length 0.75���0.93 mm.. L. niger Hu & Zhang, 2012 7. Tergites I���II each with 2 setae; both chelal fingers with intercalary teeth; chela 6.9���7.2 times as long as broad (length 0.65��� 0.69 mm)................................................................... L. medog Zhang & Zhang, 2014 - Tergites I���II each with 4 setae; only fixed chelal finger with intercalary teeth; chela 5.8���6.4 times as long as broad (length 0.58���0.76 mm)................................................................ L. harveyi Hu & Zhang, 2014, Published as part of Li, Yun-Chun, Liu, Huai & Shi, Ai-Min, 2019, A new cave-dwelling species of Lagynochthonius (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Yunnan Province, China in Zootaxa 4571 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2605932, {"references":["Zhang, F. & Zhang, F. (2014) Two new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Lagynochthonius from China (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae). Entomologica Fennica, 25, 170 - 179.","Beier, M. (1967) Pseudoscorpione vom kontinentalen Sudost-Asien. Pacific Insects, 9, 341 - 369.","Beier, M. (1951) Die Pseudoscorpione Indochinas. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, N. S. (A) 1, 47 - 123."]}

Lagynochthonius bailongtanensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–18) Type material. Holotype: male (MSWU: Ms20181015-01), CHINA: Yunnan Province, Luoping County, Bailongtan Village, Qianfo cave, 24°51.966ʹ N, 104°17.374ʹ E, 1594 m, 28 February 2016, leg. Yun-chun Li. Paratypes: 27 adults (10 ♂, 17 ♀) in MSWU (Ms20181015-01), 4 adults (2 ♂, 2 ♀) in MNHN (Ar-Ps146-02), all with same data as holotype. The cave is approximately 700 m long, and 2–5 m high. The types were collected from under stones about 200 m from the cave entrance. Diagnosis. Lagynochthonius with troglobiont habitus; carapace without eyes or eyespots. Epistome small, rounded. Tergites II–VI each with 4 setae, medial setae longer than lateral setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.9–10.0 times longer than broad (length 1.30–1.58 mm), patella 2.4–2.5 times (length 0.43–0.55 mm), chela 8.5–10.2 times longer than broad, hand 3.9–4.2 times longer than broad. Etymology. Named after the village of Bailongtan, near the type locality. Description. Carapace, pedipalps and chelicerae brown, legs slightly yellowish. Carapace distinctly constricted posteriorly (Fig. 3), 0.94–0.96 times longer than broad, anterior margin thin, finely denticulate, epistome very small, obtuse, one seta near its base on each side; no eyes or eyespots; chaetotaxy 6:4:4:2:2 (18), anterolateral setae much shorter than others. Tergal chaetotaxy: male 3–4:4:4:4:4:4:4–5:4–5:4–5:4:T2T:0, female 4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4–5:4:T2T:0. Sternal setae III–XII: male, 8–10:10–11:12:12:12:10:9–10:9:0:2, female 8–9:12:10–11:11–12:10:10:10:9–10:0:2; sternites IX– X with unpaired median seta. Manducatory process pointed, with 2 distal setae, one long and the other slightly shorter. Setae P 5, coxa I 3–4, II 3–4, III 5, IV 5; intercoxal tubercle absent. Process of coxa I long and rounded at tip. Coxae II each with 9–11 spines, arranged in an arc, distal (middle) spines longest, spines incised for about half their length. Male and female genital opercula as illustrated (Figs 17–18). Male anterior genital operculum (Fig. 18) with 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 13–15 marginal setae on each side; female anterior genital operculum (Fig. 17) with 11–12 setae plus 6 setae on posterior margin. Chelicera (Fig. 8) with 5 setae on palm, ventrobasal seta shorter than others, palm with moderate hispid granulation dorsally. Fixed finger with 23–25 small teeth, decreasing in size proximally; movable finger with 16– 17 small teeth. Spinneret not developed, but silk ducts present. Serrula exterior with 22–25 and serrula interior with 14 blades. Rallum composed of 8 blades (Fig. 9), distal blade weakly recumbent basally, with fine barbules and set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae. Palp (Figs 11–16) with weak granulation ventrally at base of femur and base of patella. Trochanter 1.6–1.9 times longer than broad, femur slightly widened distally, 8.9–10.0 times, patella 2.4–2.5 times longer than broad, femur 2.9–3.1 times longer than patella, chela 8.5–10.2 times longer than broad, hand 3.6–3.9 times longer than broad; movable finger 1.2–1.4 times longer than hand. Setal formula of femur 4–5:4:1:2:4–5:1. Chelal palm (Figs 11, 14) gradually constricted towards fingers; dorsal surface with a single row of 3–4 chemosensory setae between trichobothria esb and ib / isb; distal paraxial seta of palm not enlarged. Fingers straight in dorsal view (Fig. 14). Fixed finger with 18–22 macrodenticles, plus one tooth on antiaxial face (Figs 12, 15), near trichobothria dx. Movable finger with 10 macrodenticles; base of finger with about 3–7 very low, vestigial teeth (without canals and therefore difficult to count accurately). Movable finger with 4 sensilla: am 1–2 near tip (Fig. 13); p 1 slightly proximad of sb, p 2 well distad of sb; terminal tooth of movable finger not hooked; apodeme complex of movable finger strongly sclerotized. Movable finger with a row of 4 very weakly lanceolate setae antaxioventrally, extending from t to nearly half-way between st and sb (Fig. 13). Legs (Figs 5–7) elongate. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femora I and IV and patella IV. Leg I: femur 9.3–9.9 times longer than deep and 1.9–2.2 times longer than patella, patella 4.1–5.2 times, tibia 5.0–5.4 times, tarsus 12.7–13.2 times longer than deep and 2.2–2.5 times longer than tibia. Leg IV: femur+patella 6.0–6.3 times, tibia 6.8–7.5 times longer than deep, basitarsus 3.9–4.6 times longer than deep, with a basal tactile setae (TS= 0.23–0.27), telotarsus 14.4–15.9 times longer than deep and 2.4–3.0 times longer than basitarsus, with a tactile seta near base (TS= 0.20–0.23). Measurements (in mm): Male (holotype and paratypes). Body length 2.55–2.92; carapace (length/breadth) 0.66–0.72/0.71–0.75. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.31–0.34/0.16–0.19, femur 1.30–1.58/0.15–0.18, patella 0.43–0.55/ 0.18–0.22, length of chela 1.85–2.22, hand 0.86–0.92/0.23–0.25, length of movable finger 1.07–1.21. Leg I: femur 0.79–0.85/0.09–0.11, patella 0.39–0.41/0.09–0.11, tibia 0.34–0.38/0.07–0.09, tarsus 0.81–0.83/0.07–0.09. Leg IV: femur+patella 1.07–1.21/0.17–0.21, tibia 0.71–0.78/0.10–0.12, basitarsus 0.33–0.36/0.08–0.10, telotarsus 0.87– 0.92/0.06–0.08. Female (paratypes). Body length 2.72–2.95; carapace (length/breadth) 0.59–0.68/0.62–0.72. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.32–0.37/0.19–0.22, femur 1.35–1.56/0.17–0.19, patella 0.45–0.53/0.19–0.20, length of chela 1.94– 2.03, hand 0.82–0.87/0.22–0.24, length of movable finger 1.09–1.17. Leg I: femur 0.73–0.75/0.08–0.10, patella 0.38–0.40/0.07–0.09, tibia 0.32–0.35/0.06–0.08, tarsus 0.78–0.82/0.05–0.07. Leg IV: femur+patella 1.08–1.13/ 0.18–0.21, tibia 0.62–0.69/0.09–0.11, basitarsus 0.29–0.33/0.07–0.08, telotarsus 0.84–0.89/0.06–0.07.

Anhemialges lioparus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 9 A–D) Type material. Male holotype [IOZ(E)225507], 10 male and 6 female paratypes ex Lioparus chrysotis (Passeriformes: Paradoxornithidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31°6'24.21'' N, 103°33'24.58'' E, 16 May 2014, coll. H.–Y. Cao. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes—IOZ, 10 male and 5 female paratypes—IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 563 (555– 584) in length and 269 (255–269) in width; length of hysterosoma 417 (413–446). Prodorsal shield: shaped as narrow trapezium, 119 (110–119) long along the midline and 114 (113–116) wide; posterior margin shallowly concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 9 (8–10) long, distances between scapular setae (se:se) 93 (91–96). Scapular shields well developed with a pair of angular suprategumental extensions in posteromesal angle (Fig. 1A). Hysteronotal shield: length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 378 (391–400), width at anterior margin 164 (168–177); anterior margin slightly wavy with unciform anterior angles; lateral margins slightly concave with rounded membrane posterior to bases of setae e2; punctated surface without any ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with long opisthosomal lobes attenuated apically, length 118 (118– 126), width at the level of setae f2 38 (40–41), separated by rectangular terminal cleft, anterior margin slightly concave with poorly defined borders; interlobar membrane wide with relatively long and sharp extensions on lobar apices (Fig. 1A); incision in the interlobar membrane roughly long triangular, 123 (119–130) long, 78 (62–87) wide. Supranal concavity large semicircular, poorly defined. Setae h3 flattened and membranously enlarged in medial part, greatest width 15 (8–14). Setae ps1 long, about 3 times longer than the distance between them. Setae d1, e1 represented by microsetae, setae d2 hair–like, much longer than the distance between them. Setae e1 slightly anterior to the level of setae e2. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 105 (106–112), d2:e2 119 (111–123), e2:h2 109 (117–118), h2:h3 53 (45–51), ps1:h3 69 (63–69), ps2:ps2 143 (147–149), h2:h2 138 (137–140), h3: h3 115 (110–120), d1:d2 34 (39–42), e1:e2 7 (5–7). Sternum long and thin, over 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, its posterior end extending beyond the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond the level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa wide with setae 4a on their inner ends. Genital arch height 19 (17–20), distance between tips 41 (38–42), aedeagus minute. Epiandrum bow–shaped, height 13 (12–15), distance between tips 42 (44–45). Paragenital apodemes long and narrow, fused anteriorly with corresponding epimerites IV, flanking median area from bases of setae 4b to midlevel of trochanters III (Fig. 1B). Gastral shield split into a pair of triangular sclerites (Fig. 1B), length 58 (57–58), maxwidth of each 28 (29–33). Adanal shield triangular, covering anterior half of anal opening, bearing filiform setae ps3 near its anterior margin. The wide adanal membranes stretching from adanal shield to bases of setae ps2. Anal suckers in the shape of a low cylinder, 22 (24– 25) in diameter. Cupules ih situated postero–lateral to adanal suckers, ih–ih 86 (87–88). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 224 (212–226). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 48 (54–56), 4b:g 59 (58–63), g: ps3 92 (96–99). Legs: legs III hypertrophied; tarsus III 124 (126–128) long, setae w and s of tarsus III blade–like, 63 (61–63) and 30 (28–33) in length respectively, longer seta w extending beyond midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9C). Legs IV slightly extending by ambulacral discs to level of setae h3; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 49 (47–50) in length (Fig. 9D). FEMALE (range of measurements for 6 paratypes). Idiosoma 473–506 in length and 200–226 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 335–366. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 98–104, width 100–109, acute suprategumental extension 14–16 long, setae se separated by 87–91. Scapular shields shaped similarly to males but smaller. Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae, setae c2 and d2 subequal in length, filiform, e2 longer than the distance between them (Fig. 2A), extending beyond posterior margin of opisthosoma. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 80–93, d2:e2 101–109, e2:h3 124–144, h2:h2 89–95 and h3:h3 74–77. Epimerites I and II as in male. Epigynum semicircular, with sharp posterior tips(Fig. 2B), length 52–59, width 29–35. Setae 4b on tips of epigynum. Thin setae 4a two times longer than the distance between them (Fig. 2B). Legs relatively short compared to the opisthosoma, tarsus III 55 –57 long, tarsus IV 67 –70 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 2B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is most similar to A. suteui Constantinescu et al., 2016 from Hylia prasina (Passeriformes: Macrosphenidae) in having long, attenuated opisthosomal lobes and semicircular membrane on in males. The new species differs from the closest species, A. suteui, by the following features: in males of the new species, the interlobar membrane forms comparatively long and sharp extensions on the lobar apices, the anterior angles on the hysteronotal shield are unciform, and the paragenital apodemes are fused anteriorly with corresponding epimerites IV. In A. suteui, the interlobar membrane does not extend beyond the lobar apices, the anterior angles on the hysteronotal shield are not directed anteriorly, and the paragenital apodemes are not connected with the epimerites. Females of A. lioparus and A. suteui differ in the relative length of their posterior legs: in females of the new species legs III and IV do not reach the posterior margin of the opisthosoma, but in A. suteui legs III and IV extend beyond the posterior margin.

Anhemialges zosterops sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6, 9G) Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E)225509], 5 male and 6 female paratypes ex Zosterops palpebrosus (Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) CHINA: Sichuan, 30°20'10.95'' N, 103°25'8.78'' E, 10 June 2014, coll. J.–T. Zhang; 10 male and 10 female paratypes ex Cyanoderma ruficeps (Passeriformes: Timaliidae) CHINA: Sichuan, 31°6'24.21'' N, 103°33'24.58'' E, 14 May 2014, coll. H.–Y. Cao. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes—IOZ, 15 male and 15 female paratypes—IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 15 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 528 (500– 528) in length and 224 (215–236) in width; length of hysterosoma 379 (377–392). Prodorsal shield: shaped as narrow trapezium, 95 (93–94) long along the midline and 83 (84–94) wide; posterior margin shallowly concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 6 (5–6) long, distances between scapular setae (se:se) 68 (68– 80). Scapular shields well developed with angular suprategumental extensions in postero–mesal angle. Hysteronotal shield: length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 345 (334–360), width at anterior margin 126 (120–145); anterior and lateral margins slightly concave; with wide bowshaped subtegumental sclerotization at level of trochanter–femur III articulation (Fig. 5A), height of sclerotization 34 (21–34), distance between tips 55 (48–55). Punctated surface devoid of any ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with long opisthosomal lobes slightly attenuated apically, length 66 (58–66), width at the level of setae f2 37 (31–38), separated by terminal cleft; interlobar membrane wide, forms relatively long extensions on lobar apices by rounded ends; incision in the interlobar membrane roughly long triangular, 78 (71–79) long, 72 (77–78) wide. Supranal concavity large semiovate, poorly distinct. Setae h3 flattened and enlarged in medial part, greatest width 9 (6–12) (Fig. 5A). Setae ps1 long, about 3 times longer than the distance between them. Setae d1, e1 represented by microsetae, setae d2 much shorter than the distance between them. Setae e1 slightly posterior to level of setae e2. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 92 (87–99), d2:e2 118 (117–121), e2:h2 99 (88–92), h2:h3 47 (44–45), ps1:h3 65 (62– 65), ps2:ps2 124 (124–131), h2:h2 131 (122–131), h3: h3 100 (99–100), d1:d2 40 (34–37), e1:e2 19 (21–23). Sternum long and thin, over 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, its posterior end extending to the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa narrow with setae 4a on their anterior ends. Genital arch height 18 (20–21), distance between tips 39 (38–41), aedeagus minute. Epiandrum bow–shaped, height 9 (8–9), distance between tips 35 (35–36). Paragenital apodemes long and narrow, flanking median area from the level of epiandrum to midlevel of trochanters III. Gastral shields consisted of a pair of trapeziums, length 48 (46–63), width of each 25 (26–27). Adanal shields shaped as a pair of triangular pieces connected by narrow transverse bridge (Fig. 5B), bearing filiform setae ps3 on its anterior margin. Wide adanal membranes stretching from adanal shield to the level of tibia–tarsus IV articulation (Fig. 5B). Anal suckers in shape of a low cylinder, 19 (17–21) in diameter. Cupules ih situated postero–lateral of adanal suckers, ih–ih 65 (63–71). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 169 (173–179). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 46 (49–51), 4b:g 45 (48–49), g:ps3 87 (83–92). Legs: legs III hypertrophied; tarsus III 100 (97–103) long, setae w and s of tarsus III blade–like, 45 (46–48) and 20 (21–24) in length respectively, longer seta w extending to midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9G). Legs IV extending by ambulacral discs level of setae h2; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 42 (40– 42) in length. FEMALE (range of measurements for 16 paratypes). Idiosoma 488–500 in length and 204–223 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 369–385. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 92–105, width 84–96, with acute suprategumental extension 6–7 long, setae se separated by 63–76. Scapular shields as in male (Fig. 6A). Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae, e2 shaped as very fine hairs (Fig. 6A). Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 86–91, d2:e2 122–135, e2:h3 117–129, h2:h2 101–119, h3:h3 83–97. Epimerites I as in male with thickened basal. Epigynum arched, 45–55 long, 20–25 wide. Setae 4b on tips of epigynum. Tarsus III 4 5–53 long, tarsus IV 56 –63 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 6B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to A. mironovi Kolarova, 2010 from Locustella luscinioides (Passeriformes: Locustellidae) in that the males of both species have subtegumental sclerotization on the hysteronotal shield and long subtriangular incisions of the interlobar membrane, extending beyond the midlength of the terminal cleft. The new species differs from A. mironovi by the following features: in males of A. zosterops, the subtegumental sclerotization on the hysteronotal shield is bow-shaped, setae ps1 are about 3 times longer than the distance between them, and the wide adanal membranes stretch from the adanal shield to the level of tibia–tarsus IV articulation. In A. mironovi, the subtegumental sclerotization on the hysteronotal shield is crescent-shaped, setae ps1 are not longer than 1.5 times the distance between them, and the adanal membranes are narrow. Females of A. zosterops and A. mironovi differ in the length of setae e2: in females of the new species, the setae e2 are minute and about quarter length of the distance between them, in A. mironovi the setae e2 slightly longer, about half length of the distance between them. Remark. In males, the membranous enlargement in the medial part of setae h 3 may have become rolled-up, thus affecting the measurement of its width.

Anhemialges aegithalos sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4, 9E) Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E)225508], 3 male and 3 female paratypes ex Aegithalos fuliginosus (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31��6'24.21'' N, 103��33'24.58'' E, 9 May 2014, coll. H.��� Y. Cao; 5 male and 5 female paratypes ex Aegithalos iouschistos (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 30��20'10.95'' N, 103��25'8.78'' E, 30 July 2014, coll. H.��� Y. Cao; 2 male and 2 female paratypes ex Aegithalos concinnus (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31��6'24.21'' N, 103��33'24.58'' E, 6 May 2014, coll. H.��� Y. Cao. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes���IOZ, 10 male and 9 female paratypes���IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 422 (410��� 421) long and 202 (186���193) wide; length of hysterosoma 305 (293���300). Prodorsal shield: narrowly trapezoidal, 92 (83���90) long along the midline and 85 (80���83) wide; posterior margin slightly concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 9 (8���9) in length, setae se separated by 71 (71���72). Scapular shields with angular suprategumental extensions in postero���mesal angle (Fig. 3A). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin concaved appreciably with acute anterior angles, length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 282 (279��� 283), width at anterior margin 130 (130���137); lateral margins slightly concave, surface finely punctate devoid of ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with medium sized opisthosomal lobes, length 34 (34���35), width at the level of setae f2 33 (30���31); terminal cleft ovate with distinct borders; interlobar membrane wide, forms short extensions on lobar apices by rounded ends (Fig. 3A); incision in interlobar membrane about midlength of terminal cleft, 21 (24���27) in length, 39 (32���41) in width. Supranal concavity ovate, poorly outlined. Setae h3 simple setiform without membranous enlargement in medial part (Fig. 3A). Setae d1, e1 shaped as microsetae, setae ps1 hair���like, longer than the distance between them a bit. Setae e1 and e2 almost at the same level. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 84 (73���79), d2:e2 111 (103���111), e2:h2 88 (83���88), h2:h3 20 (19���22), ps1:h3 27 (27��� 28), ps2:ps2 93 (87���93), h2:h2 76 (74���75), h3: h3 62 (51���61), d1:d2 25 (26���29), e1:e2 6 (6���8). Sternum about 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, extending to the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond the level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa triangular in shape with setae 4a on inner ends. Epiandrum absent. Genital arch height 17 (16���18), distance between tips 35 (34���38), aedeagus minute. A pair of longitudinal paragenital apodemes present, flanking genital area from anterior margin of genital arch to midlevel of trochanter III (Fig. 3B). Gastral shield split into two longitudinal parts, maxlength 106 (91���106), maxwidth 25 (24���26), posterior margin contacted to the adanal shield (Fig. 3B). Setae ps3 situated at the anterior margin of adanal shield, this shield strongly widened posteriorly, fishtail���shaped encompassing the anal suckers, covering anterior half of anal opening (Fig. 3B). Adanal membranes absent. Diameter of disciform adanal suckers about 17 (15���17), with cupules ih situated posterior to it, ih���ih 66 (58���65). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 103 (103���105). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 45 (41���43), 4b:g 47 (44���46), g:ps3 105 (100���106). Legs: legs III hypertrophied; tarsus III 104 (102���107) long, setae w and s of tarsus III blade���like, 63 (67���71) and 29 (26���28) in length respectively, longer seta w extending to midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9E). Legs IV reaching by ambulacral discs the level of lobar apices; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 37 (33���36) in length. FEMALE (range of measurements for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma 386���453 in length and 182���210 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 264���325. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 91���99, width 87���98, acute suprategumental extension 13���18 long, setae se separated by 78���85. Scapular shields shaped similarly to males (Fig. 4A). Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae, setae c2 longer than d2, e2 extending beyond posterior margin of opisthosoma (Fig. 4B). Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 72���84, d2:e2 90���98, e2:h3 90���119, h2:h2 87���101, h3:h3 70���83. Epimerites I as in male. Epigynum arched, slightly thickened, 50���58 long, 22���24 wide. Setae 4b on tips of epigynum, setae 4a pretty long. Tarsus III 58 ���62 long, tarsus IV 68 ���77 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 4B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is very close to A. bakeri Dabert et al., 2010 from Phylloscopus collybita (Passeriformes: Phylloscopidae) in having the following characters: in males, setae h3 are setiform, the gastral shields are long (more than 2 times longer than wide), the interlobar membrane slightly extends to the lobar apices and has rounded ends, and the length of the incision in this membrane is about half of the length of the terminal cleft, and setae ps1 are not longer than 1.5 times the distance between them. The new species differs from A. bakeri by the following features: in males, the epiandrum is absent, the paragenital apodemes are present, the adanal shield is strongly widened and fishtail���shaped and encompasses the anal suckers, and the setae w and s on tarsi III are blade���like. In females, setae d2 extend beyond the level of the hysteronotal gland openings gl, and the setae e2 extend beyond the level of the posterior margin of the opisthosoma. In males of A. bakeri, the epiandrum is a shallow arch-shape, the paragenital apodemes are absent, the paired of adanal shields are small and irregular, and setae w and s on tarsi III are hair-like; in females, setae d2 and e2 are shorter, and do not reach the level of the hysteronotal gland openings gl and posterior margin of the opisthosoma, respectively., Published as part of Chang, Hui-Qun, Wang, Zi-Ying & Liu, Huai, 2018, Four new feather mite species of the genus Anhemialges Gaud, 1958 (Astigmata: Analgidae) from China, pp. 251-265 in Zootaxa 4531 (2) on pages 255-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2614604, {"references":["Dabert, J., Nattress, B. & Labrzycka, A. (2010) Anhemialges bakeri sp. nov. (Analgoidea, Analgidae) - a new species of feather mite from the Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita (Passeriformes, Sylviidae) from England. Acta Parasitologica, 55, 392 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 010 - 0048 - 9"]}

Anhemialges aegithalos sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4, 9E) Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E)225508], 3 male and 3 female paratypes ex Aegithalos fuliginosus (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31°6'24.21'' N, 103°33'24.58'' E, 9 May 2014, coll. H.– Y. Cao; 5 male and 5 female paratypes ex Aegithalos iouschistos (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 30°20'10.95'' N, 103°25'8.78'' E, 30 July 2014, coll. H.– Y. Cao; 2 male and 2 female paratypes ex Aegithalos concinnus (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31°6'24.21'' N, 103°33'24.58'' E, 6 May 2014, coll. H.– Y. Cao. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes—IOZ, 10 male and 9 female paratypes—IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 422 (410– 421) long and 202 (186–193) wide; length of hysterosoma 305 (293–300). Prodorsal shield: narrowly trapezoidal, 92 (83–90) long along the midline and 85 (80–83) wide; posterior margin slightly concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 9 (8–9) in length, setae se separated by 71 (71–72). Scapular shields with angular suprategumental extensions in postero–mesal angle (Fig. 3A). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin concaved appreciably with acute anterior angles, length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 282 (279– 283), width at anterior margin 130 (130–137); lateral margins slightly concave, surface finely punctate devoid of ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with medium sized opisthosomal lobes, length 34 (34–35), width at the level of setae f2 33 (30–31); terminal cleft ovate with distinct borders; interlobar membrane wide, forms short extensions on lobar apices by rounded ends (Fig. 3A); incision in interlobar membrane about midlength of terminal cleft, 21 (24–27) in length, 39 (32–41) in width. Supranal concavity ovate, poorly outlined. Setae h3 simple setiform without membranous enlargement in medial part (Fig. 3A). Setae d1, e1 shaped as microsetae, setae ps1 hair–like, longer than the distance between them a bit. Setae e1 and e2 almost at the same level. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 84 (73–79), d2:e2 111 (103–111), e2:h2 88 (83–88), h2:h3 20 (19–22), ps1:h3 27 (27– 28), ps2:ps2 93 (87–93), h2:h2 76 (74–75), h3: h3 62 (51–61), d1:d2 25 (26–29), e1:e2 6 (6–8). Sternum about 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, extending to the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond the level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa triangular in shape with setae 4a on inner ends. Epiandrum absent. Genital arch height 17 (16–18), distance between tips 35 (34–38), aedeagus minute. A pair of longitudinal paragenital apodemes present, flanking genital area from anterior margin of genital arch to midlevel of trochanter III (Fig. 3B). Gastral shield split into two longitudinal parts, maxlength 106 (91–106), maxwidth 25 (24–26), posterior margin contacted to the adanal shield (Fig. 3B). Setae ps3 situated at the anterior margin of adanal shield, this shield strongly widened posteriorly, fishtail–shaped encompassing the anal suckers, covering anterior half of anal opening (Fig. 3B). Adanal membranes absent. Diameter of disciform adanal suckers about 17 (15–17), with cupules ih situated posterior to it, ih–ih 66 (58–65). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 103 (103–105). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 45 (41–43), 4b:g 47 (44–46), g:ps3 105 (100–106). Legs: legs III hypertrophied; tarsus III 104 (102–107) long, setae w and s of tarsus III blade–like, 63 (67–71) and 29 (26–28) in length respectively, longer seta w extending to midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9E). Legs IV reaching by ambulacral discs the level of lobar apices; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 37 (33–36) in length. FEMALE (range of measurements for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma 386–453 in length and 182–210 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 264–325. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 91–99, width 87–98, acute suprategumental extension 13–18 long, setae se separated by 78–85. Scapular shields shaped similarly to males (Fig. 4A). Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae, setae c2 longer than d2, e2 extending beyond posterior margin of opisthosoma (Fig. 4B). Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 72–84, d2:e2 90–98, e2:h3 90–119, h2:h2 87–101, h3:h3 70–83. Epimerites I as in male. Epigynum arched, slightly thickened, 50–58 long, 22–24 wide. Setae 4b on tips of epigynum, setae 4a pretty long. Tarsus III 58 –62 long, tarsus IV 68 –77 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 4B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is very close to A. bakeri Dabert et al., 2010 from Phylloscopus collybita (Passeriformes: Phylloscopidae) in having the following characters: in males, setae h3 are setiform, the gastral shields are long (more than 2 times longer than wide), the interlobar membrane slightly extends to the lobar apices and has rounded ends, and the length of the incision in this membrane is about half of the length of the terminal cleft, and setae ps1 are not longer than 1.5 times the distance between them. The new species differs from A. bakeri by the following features: in males, the epiandrum is absent, the paragenital apodemes are present, the adanal shield is strongly widened and fishtail–shaped and encompasses the anal suckers, and the setae w and s on tarsi III are blade–like. In females, setae d2 extend beyond the level of the hysteronotal gland openings gl, and the setae e2 extend beyond the level of the posterior margin of the opisthosoma. In males of A. bakeri, the epiandrum is a shallow arch-shape, the paragenital apodemes are absent, the paired of adanal shields are small and irregular, and setae w and s on tarsi III are hair-like; in females, setae d2 and e2 are shorter, and do not reach the level of the hysteronotal gland openings gl and posterior margin of the opisthosoma, respectively.

Anhemialges seicercus sp. nov. (Figs. 7, 8, 9F) Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E)225510], 9 male and 10 female paratypes ex Seicercus burkii (Passeriformes: Phylloscopidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31��6'24.21'' N, 103��33'24.58'' E, 6 August 2014, coll. J.��� T. Zhang. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes���IOZ, 9 male and 9 female paratypes���IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 9 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 357 (345��� 363) long and 155 (165���178) wide; length of hysterosoma 265 (259���265). Prodorsal shield: narrowly trapezoidal, 74 (75���77) long along the midline and 69 (69���71) wide; posterior margin concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 7 (6���7) in length, setae se separated by 58 (56���59). Scapular shields with angular suprategumental extensions in postero���mesal angle (Fig. 7A). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin distinctly concave with acute anterior angles, length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 235 (235���240), width at anterior margin 98 (98���111); lateral margins slightly concave, surface finely punctate without ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with medium sized opisthosomal lobes, length 35 (31���34), width at the level of setae f2 23 (20���22); anterior margin of terminal cleft slightly concaved with a distinct borders; interlobar membrane forms short extensions on lobar apices by rounded ends; interlobar membrane with triangular long incision, extended beyond midlength of terminal cleft (Fig. 7A), 42 (38���42) in length, 38 (33���44) in width. Supranal concavity large semiovate, with poorly distinct lateral borders. Macrosetae h3 simple, thin, without membranous enlargement in medial part (Fig. 7A). Setae d1, e1 shaped as microsetae, setae ps1 hair���like, slightly longer than the distance between them, setae d2 shorter than the distance between them. Setae e1 anterior to the level of e2. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 67 (66���71), d2:e2 90 (87���89), e2:h2 62 (65���68), h2:h3 22 (21���23), ps1:h3 32 (27���30), ps2:ps2 73 (73���88), h2:h2 71 (72���78), h3:h3 61 (58���66), d1:d2 28 (28���33), e1:e2 9 (8���9). Sternum about 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, extending to the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa shaped as a narrow strip with setae 4a on anterior ends. Genital arch height 13 (10���14), distance between tips 33 (34���36), aedeagus minute. Epiandrum thin bow���shaped, 9 (9���10) long, 37 (35���38) wide. The middle part of paragenital apodemes reduced, anterior and posterior parts present, flanking genital area from anterior margin of genital arch to midlevel of trochanter IV (Fig. 7B). Gastral shield split into two longitudinal parts (Fig. 7B), maxlength 60 (56���58), maxwidth 21 (21���25). Adanal shield split into two pieces, setae ps3 situated at the centre of them. Poorly sclerotized adanal apodemes with sparse adanal membrane along lateral margin stretching from adanal shield to the level of tibia���tarsus IV articulation. Anal suckers low cylindrical, 14 (12���14) in diameter. Cupules ih placed postero���lateral to adanal suckers, ih���ih 42 (42���49). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 106 (105���106). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 33 (30���35), 4b:g 38 (35���37), g:ps3 82 (80���84). Legs: legs III longer and thinner than legs IV; tarsus III 70 (73���74) long, setae w and s of tarsus III shaped as thick spine, 27 (28���32) and 18 (19���22) in length respectively, longer seta w extending to midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9F). Legs IV reaching by ambulacral discs only the level bases of setae f2; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 31 (31���34) in length. FEMALE (range of measurements for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma 392���398 in length and 162���178 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 283���291. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 88���96, width 83���86, acute suprategumental extension 5���6 long, setae se separated by 64���73. Scapular shields as in male. Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae. Setae d2 thin, shorter than the distance between them (Fig. 8A). e2 short, do not extending beyond posterior margin of opisthosoma (Fig. 8A). Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 69���74, d2:e2 89���97, e2:h3 95���99, h2:h2 84���87, h3:h3 68���71. Epimerites I as in male but thicken more. Epigynum arched, 41���49 long, 19���22 wide, with setae 4b on tips. Tarsus III 53 ���56 long, tarsus IV 59 ���64 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 8B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closely related to A. bakeri Dabert et al., 2010 from Phylloscopus collybita (Passeriformes: Phylloscopidae) because the males of both species have macrosetae h3 setiform, without a flattened enlargement in the medial part, and having paired adanal shields and setae ps1 about 1.5 times longer than the distance between them. The new species differs from A. bakeri by the following features: in males of the new species, each of the paragenital apodemes divide into two parts; setae w and s of tarsus III are shaped as thick spines; the adanal shields are separated from the gastral shields; and the incision in the interlobar membrane goes beyond the midlength of the terminal cleft. Males of A. bakeri do not have paragenital apodemes, setae w and s on tarsi III are hair���like, the adanal shields are fused anteriorly with the posterior margin of the corresponding part of the gastral shields, and the incision in the interlobar membrane is at about the midlength of the terminal cleft. Females of A. seicercus and A. bakeri differ in the length of the idiosoma and the existence of setae e1: A. seicercus is 392���398 long and lacking setae e1, A. bakeri is 485���496 long, and has minute setae e1., Published as part of Chang, Hui-Qun, Wang, Zi-Ying & Liu, Huai, 2018, Four new feather mite species of the genus Anhemialges Gaud, 1958 (Astigmata: Analgidae) from China, pp. 251-265 in Zootaxa 4531 (2) on pages 260-263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2614604, {"references":["Dabert, J., Nattress, B. & Labrzycka, A. (2010) Anhemialges bakeri sp. nov. (Analgoidea, Analgidae) - a new species of feather mite from the Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita (Passeriformes, Sylviidae) from England. Acta Parasitologica, 55, 392 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 010 - 0048 - 9"]}

Anhemialges zosterops sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6, 9G) Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E)225509], 5 male and 6 female paratypes ex Zosterops palpebrosus (Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) CHINA: Sichuan, 30��20'10.95'' N, 103��25'8.78'' E, 10 June 2014, coll. J.���T. Zhang; 10 male and 10 female paratypes ex Cyanoderma ruficeps (Passeriformes: Timaliidae) CHINA: Sichuan, 31��6'24.21'' N, 103��33'24.58'' E, 14 May 2014, coll. H.���Y. Cao. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes���IOZ, 15 male and 15 female paratypes���IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 15 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 528 (500��� 528) in length and 224 (215���236) in width; length of hysterosoma 379 (377���392). Prodorsal shield: shaped as narrow trapezium, 95 (93���94) long along the midline and 83 (84���94) wide; posterior margin shallowly concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 6 (5���6) long, distances between scapular setae (se:se) 68 (68��� 80). Scapular shields well developed with angular suprategumental extensions in postero���mesal angle. Hysteronotal shield: length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 345 (334���360), width at anterior margin 126 (120���145); anterior and lateral margins slightly concave; with wide bowshaped subtegumental sclerotization at level of trochanter���femur III articulation (Fig. 5A), height of sclerotization 34 (21���34), distance between tips 55 (48���55). Punctated surface devoid of any ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with long opisthosomal lobes slightly attenuated apically, length 66 (58���66), width at the level of setae f2 37 (31���38), separated by terminal cleft; interlobar membrane wide, forms relatively long extensions on lobar apices by rounded ends; incision in the interlobar membrane roughly long triangular, 78 (71���79) long, 72 (77���78) wide. Supranal concavity large semiovate, poorly distinct. Setae h3 flattened and enlarged in medial part, greatest width 9 (6���12) (Fig. 5A). Setae ps1 long, about 3 times longer than the distance between them. Setae d1, e1 represented by microsetae, setae d2 much shorter than the distance between them. Setae e1 slightly posterior to level of setae e2. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 92 (87���99), d2:e2 118 (117���121), e2:h2 99 (88���92), h2:h3 47 (44���45), ps1:h3 65 (62��� 65), ps2:ps2 124 (124���131), h2:h2 131 (122���131), h3: h3 100 (99���100), d1:d2 40 (34���37), e1:e2 19 (21���23). Sternum long and thin, over 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, its posterior end extending to the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa narrow with setae 4a on their anterior ends. Genital arch height 18 (20���21), distance between tips 39 (38���41), aedeagus minute. Epiandrum bow���shaped, height 9 (8���9), distance between tips 35 (35���36). Paragenital apodemes long and narrow, flanking median area from the level of epiandrum to midlevel of trochanters III. Gastral shields consisted of a pair of trapeziums, length 48 (46���63), width of each 25 (26���27). Adanal shields shaped as a pair of triangular pieces connected by narrow transverse bridge (Fig. 5B), bearing filiform setae ps3 on its anterior margin. Wide adanal membranes stretching from adanal shield to the level of tibia���tarsus IV articulation (Fig. 5B). Anal suckers in shape of a low cylinder, 19 (17���21) in diameter. Cupules ih situated postero���lateral of adanal suckers, ih���ih 65 (63���71). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 169 (173���179). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 46 (49���51), 4b:g 45 (48���49), g:ps3 87 (83���92). Legs: legs III hypertrophied; tarsus III 100 (97���103) long, setae w and s of tarsus III blade���like, 45 (46���48) and 20 (21���24) in length respectively, longer seta w extending to midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9G). Legs IV extending by ambulacral discs level of setae h2; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 42 (40��� 42) in length. FEMALE (range of measurements for 16 paratypes). Idiosoma 488���500 in length and 204���223 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 369���385. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 92���105, width 84���96, with acute suprategumental extension 6���7 long, setae se separated by 63���76. Scapular shields as in male (Fig. 6A). Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae, e2 shaped as very fine hairs (Fig. 6A). Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 86���91, d2:e2 122���135, e2:h3 117���129, h2:h2 101���119, h3:h3 83���97. Epimerites I as in male with thickened basal. Epigynum arched, 45���55 long, 20���25 wide. Setae 4b on tips of epigynum. Tarsus III 4 5���53 long, tarsus IV 56 ���63 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 6B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to A. mironovi Kolarova, 2010 from Locustella luscinioides (Passeriformes: Locustellidae) in that the males of both species have subtegumental sclerotization on the hysteronotal shield and long subtriangular incisions of the interlobar membrane, extending beyond the midlength of the terminal cleft. The new species differs from A. mironovi by the following features: in males of A. zosterops, the subtegumental sclerotization on the hysteronotal shield is bow-shaped, setae ps1 are about 3 times longer than the distance between them, and the wide adanal membranes stretch from the adanal shield to the level of tibia���tarsus IV articulation. In A. mironovi, the subtegumental sclerotization on the hysteronotal shield is crescent-shaped, setae ps1 are not longer than 1.5 times the distance between them, and the adanal membranes are narrow. Females of A. zosterops and A. mironovi differ in the length of setae e2: in females of the new species, the setae e2 are minute and about quarter length of the distance between them, in A. mironovi the setae e2 slightly longer, about half length of the distance between them. Remark. In males, the membranous enlargement in the medial part of setae h 3 may have become rolled-up, thus affecting the measurement of its width., Published as part of Chang, Hui-Qun, Wang, Zi-Ying & Liu, Huai, 2018, Four new feather mite species of the genus Anhemialges Gaud, 1958 (Astigmata: Analgidae) from China, pp. 251-265 in Zootaxa 4531 (2) on pages 257-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2614604, {"references":["Kolarova, N. (2010) A new feather mite species of the subfamily Analginae (Acari, Astigmata, Analgidae) from the Savi's warbler Locustella luscinoides (Aves, Passeriformes) in South Dobrudzha, Bulgaria. Acta Parasitologica, 55, 414 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 010 - 0046 - y"]}

Anhemialges seicercus sp. nov. (Figs. 7, 8, 9F) Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E)225510], 9 male and 10 female paratypes ex Seicercus burkii (Passeriformes: Phylloscopidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31°6'24.21'' N, 103°33'24.58'' E, 6 August 2014, coll. J.– T. Zhang. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes—IOZ, 9 male and 9 female paratypes—IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 9 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 357 (345– 363) long and 155 (165–178) wide; length of hysterosoma 265 (259–265). Prodorsal shield: narrowly trapezoidal, 74 (75–77) long along the midline and 69 (69–71) wide; posterior margin concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 7 (6–7) in length, setae se separated by 58 (56–59). Scapular shields with angular suprategumental extensions in postero–mesal angle (Fig. 7A). Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin distinctly concave with acute anterior angles, length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 235 (235–240), width at anterior margin 98 (98–111); lateral margins slightly concave, surface finely punctate without ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with medium sized opisthosomal lobes, length 35 (31–34), width at the level of setae f2 23 (20–22); anterior margin of terminal cleft slightly concaved with a distinct borders; interlobar membrane forms short extensions on lobar apices by rounded ends; interlobar membrane with triangular long incision, extended beyond midlength of terminal cleft (Fig. 7A), 42 (38–42) in length, 38 (33–44) in width. Supranal concavity large semiovate, with poorly distinct lateral borders. Macrosetae h3 simple, thin, without membranous enlargement in medial part (Fig. 7A). Setae d1, e1 shaped as microsetae, setae ps1 hair–like, slightly longer than the distance between them, setae d2 shorter than the distance between them. Setae e1 anterior to the level of e2. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 67 (66–71), d2:e2 90 (87–89), e2:h2 62 (65–68), h2:h3 22 (21–23), ps1:h3 32 (27–30), ps2:ps2 73 (73–88), h2:h2 71 (72–78), h3:h3 61 (58–66), d1:d2 28 (28–33), e1:e2 9 (8–9). Sternum about 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, extending to the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa shaped as a narrow strip with setae 4a on anterior ends. Genital arch height 13 (10–14), distance between tips 33 (34–36), aedeagus minute. Epiandrum thin bow–shaped, 9 (9–10) long, 37 (35–38) wide. The middle part of paragenital apodemes reduced, anterior and posterior parts present, flanking genital area from anterior margin of genital arch to midlevel of trochanter IV (Fig. 7B). Gastral shield split into two longitudinal parts (Fig. 7B), maxlength 60 (56–58), maxwidth 21 (21–25). Adanal shield split into two pieces, setae ps3 situated at the centre of them. Poorly sclerotized adanal apodemes with sparse adanal membrane along lateral margin stretching from adanal shield to the level of tibia–tarsus IV articulation. Anal suckers low cylindrical, 14 (12–14) in diameter. Cupules ih placed postero–lateral to adanal suckers, ih–ih 42 (42–49). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 106 (105–106). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 33 (30–35), 4b:g 38 (35–37), g:ps3 82 (80–84). Legs: legs III longer and thinner than legs IV; tarsus III 70 (73–74) long, setae w and s of tarsus III shaped as thick spine, 27 (28–32) and 18 (19–22) in length respectively, longer seta w extending to midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9F). Legs IV reaching by ambulacral discs only the level bases of setae f2; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 31 (31–34) in length. FEMALE (range of measurements for 10 paratypes). Idiosoma 392–398 in length and 162–178 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 283–291. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 88–96, width 83–86, acute suprategumental extension 5–6 long, setae se separated by 64–73. Scapular shields as in male. Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae. Setae d2 thin, shorter than the distance between them (Fig. 8A). e2 short, do not extending beyond posterior margin of opisthosoma (Fig. 8A). Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 69–74, d2:e2 89–97, e2:h3 95–99, h2:h2 84–87, h3:h3 68–71. Epimerites I as in male but thicken more. Epigynum arched, 41–49 long, 19–22 wide, with setae 4b on tips. Tarsus III 53 –56 long, tarsus IV 59 –64 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 8B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closely related to A. bakeri Dabert et al., 2010 from Phylloscopus collybita (Passeriformes: Phylloscopidae) because the males of both species have macrosetae h3 setiform, without a flattened enlargement in the medial part, and having paired adanal shields and setae ps1 about 1.5 times longer than the distance between them. The new species differs from A. bakeri by the following features: in males of the new species, each of the paragenital apodemes divide into two parts; setae w and s of tarsus III are shaped as thick spines; the adanal shields are separated from the gastral shields; and the incision in the interlobar membrane goes beyond the midlength of the terminal cleft. Males of A. bakeri do not have paragenital apodemes, setae w and s on tarsi III are hair–like, the adanal shields are fused anteriorly with the posterior margin of the corresponding part of the gastral shields, and the incision in the interlobar membrane is at about the midlength of the terminal cleft. Females of A. seicercus and A. bakeri differ in the length of the idiosoma and the existence of setae e1: A. seicercus is 392–398 long and lacking setae e1, A. bakeri is 485–496 long, and has minute setae e1.

Anhemialges lioparus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 9 A���D) Type material. Male holotype [IOZ(E)225507], 10 male and 6 female paratypes ex Lioparus chrysotis (Passeriformes: Paradoxornithidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31��6'24.21'' N, 103��33'24.58'' E, 16 May 2014, coll. H.���Y. Cao. Depositories. Holotype, and 1 female paratypes���IOZ, 10 male and 5 female paratypes���IESWU. Description. MALE (Holotype, range of measurements for 10 paratypes in parentheses). Idiosoma 563 (555��� 584) in length and 269 (255���269) in width; length of hysterosoma 417 (413���446). Prodorsal shield: shaped as narrow trapezium, 119 (110���119) long along the midline and 114 (113���116) wide; posterior margin shallowly concave, with pair of acute suprategumental extensions about 9 (8���10) long, distances between scapular setae (se:se) 93 (91���96). Scapular shields well developed with a pair of angular suprategumental extensions in posteromesal angle (Fig. 1A). Hysteronotal shield: length from anterior margin to level of lobar apices 378 (391���400), width at anterior margin 164 (168���177); anterior margin slightly wavy with unciform anterior angles; lateral margins slightly concave with rounded membrane posterior to bases of setae e2; punctated surface without any ornamentation. Posterior end of opisthosoma with long opisthosomal lobes attenuated apically, length 118 (118��� 126), width at the level of setae f2 38 (40���41), separated by rectangular terminal cleft, anterior margin slightly concave with poorly defined borders; interlobar membrane wide with relatively long and sharp extensions on lobar apices (Fig. 1A); incision in the interlobar membrane roughly long triangular, 123 (119���130) long, 78 (62���87) wide. Supranal concavity large semicircular, poorly defined. Setae h3 flattened and membranously enlarged in medial part, greatest width 15 (8���14). Setae ps1 long, about 3 times longer than the distance between them. Setae d1, e1 represented by microsetae, setae d2 hair���like, much longer than the distance between them. Setae e1 slightly anterior to the level of setae e2. Distance between hysteronotal setae: c2:d2 105 (106���112), d2:e2 119 (111���123), e2:h2 109 (117���118), h2:h3 53 (45���51), ps1:h3 69 (63���69), ps2:ps2 143 (147���149), h2:h2 138 (137���140), h3: h3 115 (110���120), d1:d2 34 (39���42), e1:e2 7 (5���7). Sternum long and thin, over 2/3 of total length of epimerites I, its posterior end extending beyond the level of setae 1a. Coxal fields II and III with triangular sclerotized areas in lateral parts, extending beyond the level of coxal setae 1a and 4b respectively. Epimerites IVa wide with setae 4a on their inner ends. Genital arch height 19 (17���20), distance between tips 41 (38���42), aedeagus minute. Epiandrum bow���shaped, height 13 (12���15), distance between tips 42 (44���45). Paragenital apodemes long and narrow, fused anteriorly with corresponding epimerites IV, flanking median area from bases of setae 4b to midlevel of trochanters III (Fig. 1B). Gastral shield split into a pair of triangular sclerites (Fig. 1B), length 58 (57���58), maxwidth of each 28 (29���33). Adanal shield triangular, covering anterior half of anal opening, bearing filiform setae ps3 near its anterior margin. The wide adanal membranes stretching from adanal shield to bases of setae ps2. Anal suckers in the shape of a low cylinder, 22 (24��� 25) in diameter. Cupules ih situated postero���lateral to adanal suckers, ih���ih 86 (87���88). Length of anal field from anterior margin of adanal shield to lobar apices 224 (212���226). Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4a 48 (54���56), 4b:g 59 (58���63), g: ps3 92 (96���99). Legs: legs III hypertrophied; tarsus III 124 (126���128) long, setae w and s of tarsus III blade���like, 63 (61���63) and 30 (28���33) in length respectively, longer seta w extending beyond midlength of corresponding seta s (Fig. 9C). Legs IV slightly extending by ambulacral discs to level of setae h3; tarsus IV conical, slightly curved, with bidentate apex, 49 (47���50) in length (Fig. 9D). FEMALE (range of measurements for 6 paratypes). Idiosoma 473���506 in length and 200���226 in width; length of hysterosoma from anterior margin of humeral shields to posterior end of opisthosoma 335���366. Prodorsal shield shaped as in male, length 98���104, width 100���109, acute suprategumental extension 14���16 long, setae se separated by 87���91. Scapular shields shaped similarly to males but smaller. Setae e1 absent, setae d1 present as microsetae, setae c2 and d2 subequal in length, filiform, e2 longer than the distance between them (Fig. 2A), extending beyond posterior margin of opisthosoma. Distance between dorsal setae: c2:d2 80���93, d2:e2 101���109, e2:h3 124���144, h2:h2 89���95 and h3:h3 74���77. Epimerites I and II as in male. Epigynum semicircular, with sharp posterior tips(Fig. 2B), length 52���59, width 29���35. Setae 4b on tips of epigynum. Thin setae 4a two times longer than the distance between them (Fig. 2B). Legs relatively short compared to the opisthosoma, tarsus III 55 ���57 long, tarsus IV 67 ���70 long, legs IV do not extend by ambulacral discs to the level of the posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 2B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is most similar to A. suteui Constantinescu et al., 2016 from Hylia prasina (Passeriformes: Macrosphenidae) in having long, attenuated opisthosomal lobes and semicircular membrane on in males. The new species differs from the closest species, A. suteui, by the following features: in males of the new species, the interlobar membrane forms comparatively long and sharp extensions on the lobar apices, the anterior angles on the hysteronotal shield are unciform, and the paragenital apodemes are fused anteriorly with corresponding epimerites IV. In A. suteui, the interlobar membrane does not extend beyond the lobar apices, the anterior angles on the hysteronotal shield are not directed anteriorly, and the paragenital apodemes are not connected with the epimerites. Females of A. lioparus and A. suteui differ in the relative length of their posterior legs: in females of the new species legs III and IV do not reach the posterior margin of the opisthosoma, but in A. suteui legs III and IV extend beyond the posterior margin., Published as part of Chang, Hui-Qun, Wang, Zi-Ying & Liu, Huai, 2018, Four new feather mite species of the genus Anhemialges Gaud, 1958 (Astigmata: Analgidae) from China, pp. 251-265 in Zootaxa 4531 (2) on pages 252-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2614604, {"references":["Constantinescu, I. C., Chisamera, G. B., Yao, P. K., Hilare, Y. - B., Adam, C., D'Amico, G., Gherman, CM., Mihalca, AD. & Sandor, AD. (2016) Anhemialges suteui n. sp. (Astigmata: Analgidae) from Hylia prasina (Cassin) (Passeriformes, Macrosphenidae) in Ivory Coast. Systematic Parasitology, 93, 771 - 780. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 016 - 9666 - 4"]}

Passeroptes aegithalos sp. nov. (Figs. 9 I, 10, 11, 12 Q���T) MALE (holotype). Body 180 long (160, 180 in 2 paratypes) and 130 wide (115, 120). Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 23 (14, 16). Propodonotal shield 38 long (35, 37) and 47 wide (48, 50), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield rounded. Setae se long, extending trochanter IV, 57 (50, 58), 6 times longer than si; se���se 43 (43, 45). Hysteronotal shield 125 long, 73 long along midline, with pair of deep lateral incision at level of femora IV; its anterior part 49 long (48, 66) and 68 wide (56, 60), anterior part of hysteronotal shield slightly wider than posterior part of hysteronotal shield. Maximal distance between posterior hysteronotal shields 16. Setae d 2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions forming acute angle. Terminal cleft 49 (46, 47) long. Opisthosomal lobes and interlobar membranes narrow, minimum distance about 2 wide. Venter. Coxal apodemes I to IV free, coxal fields III opened, coxal apodeme IVa about 12 long and 2 wide. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally, about 10 long and 18 wide. Aedeagus about 16 long, extending beyond genital arch. Adanal shields 27 (28, 29) long and about 6 wide, subparallel to each other, wider than coxal apodeme IVa. Diameter of adanal suckers about 9. Cupules ih situated posterior to adanal suckers, ih���ih 45. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 105 (100, 110) long. Femora III and femora IV without retrorse processes. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved, with 2 apices. Lengths of setae: cp 125 (120, 125), c 3 about 32, h 2 150 (145, 165), h 3 30 (38, 40), ps 1 about 20, ps 2 28 (23, 37), d II 67 (60, 78), d III 87 (84, 89), �� 3 14 (13, 14), �� 1 II 23 (17, 21), �� I about 31, �� II 37 (33, 34), �� III about 7, �� IV about 22, �� 1 I 26 (26, 29), �� II 5. Distances between setae: g���g about 4, ps 3 ���ps 3 35 (35, 39), g���ps 3 about 44, ps 1 ���ps 1 about 18, h 3 ���h 3 about 30, ps 2 ���ps 2 59 (50, 64), h 2 ���h 2 49 (44, 59), 4 a��� 4a 57 (58, 59), 4 b��� 4 b about 49. FEMALE (2 paratypes). Body 160 long and 120 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 21, 23. Propodonotal shield 44, 46 long and about 55 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield rounded. Setae se 50, 55 long. Hysteronotal shield 75, 77 long and 63, 65 wide. Posterior angles of hysteronotal shield with attenuated extensions. Setae d 2 present, 15, 18 long. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III opened only in anterior third. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 95���100 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp about 116, c 3 about 39, h 2 140, 145, h 3 34, 38, ps 2 22, 25, d II 72, 80, d III about 78, �� 3 about 15, �� 1 II about 19, �� I 26, 28, �� II 32, 34, �� IV about 24, �� 1 I about 24, �� II about 6. Distance between setae: se���se 50, g���g 57, 58, ps 3 ���ps 3 about 15, g���ps 3 about 60, h 3 ���h 3 about 26, ps 2 ���ps 2 about 28, h 2 ���h 2 37, 41, 4 a��� 4a 24, 25, 4 b��� 4 b 32, 35. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227743], 2 male and 2 female paratypes ex Aegithalos iouschistos bonvaloti (Oustalet) (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31 ��03'38.35'' N, 103 �� 33 '21.84'' E, 23 April 2014, coll. N. Mu. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965 from Garrulax bicolor Hartlaub (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae) (Fain 1965). In both sexes of these two species, setae d 2 are present, and the humeral shields are well developed and have bent extensions; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not transversely separated and has a pair of deep lateral incisions at the level of femora IV, the shape of the lateral incisions of the hysteronotal shield is simple, the processes on femora III, IV are absent, the opisthosomal lobes, including the interlobar membrane, are separated from each other, the margin of the interlobar membrane is emarginate, cupules ih are situated posterior to the adanal suckers, the aedeagus is short, and coxal apodeme IVa is smaller than the adanal shields; in females, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process. The new species differs from P. garrulax in the following features. In both sexes of P. aegithalos sp. nov., setae se are long, being six times longer than si, extending beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield; in males, coxal apodemes II to IV are free, and coxal apodemes IVa are less developed, only about 12 long; in females, coxal fields III are opened only in the anterior third, and setae d 2 are long, being 15, 18 long. In both sexes of P. garrulax, setae se are short, only twice as long as setae si, not extending beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield; in males, coxal fields III are almost closed, being opened only in the anterior third, and coxal apodemes IVa are well developed, 20���23 long; in females, coxal fields III are closed, and setae d 2 are 7���8 long., Published as part of Mu, Ning, Kuang, Xi-Jun, Liu, Huai & Wang, Zi-Ying, 2015, Feather mites of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Acariformes: Dermationidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) of China, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 3985 (1) on pages 63-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/289050, {"references":["Fain, A. (1965) A review of the family Epidermoptidae Trouessart parasitic on the skin of birds (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke vlaamse academie voor wetenschappen, letteren en schone kunsten van Belgiё; Klasse der wetenschapen, 27, 1 - 176 (Pt. I, text), 1 - 144 (Pt. II, illustrations)."]}

Passeroptes motacillae sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4, 9 G, 12 E–H) MALE (holotype). Body 145 long (140–155 in 9 paratypes) and 97 wide (95–105). Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 19 (15–23). Propodonotal shield 32 long (27–39) and 33 wide (40–45), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se long, 32 long (32–41), se–se 39 (38–41). Hysteronotal shield about 93 long, its length along midline 56, with deep lateral incisions at level of femora IV; its anterior part 44 long (40–47) and 45 wide, anterior part of hysteronotal shield wider than or subequal in width to posterior part of hysteronotal shield. Setae d 2 absent. Humeral shields not developed, without bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes 30 long (36–41), widely separated from each other. Terminal cleft slightly longer than its greatest width. Interlobar membranes wide, entire, about 38 long and 16 wide, widely separated from each other. Maximum distance between lobes about 13. Venter. Coxal apodemes IIa to IV free. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally, 10 length and 18 width. Aedeagus about 20 long, beyond genital arch. Adanal shields about 27 long and 7 wide, subparallel to each other. Diameter of adanal suckers about 7. Cupules ih situated posterolateral adanal suckers, ih–ih 37. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 80 long (76–88). Femora III and IV with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV straight, without apices, 17 long. Lengths of setae: cp 99 (98–105), c 3 23 (24–26), h 2 155 (150–170), h 3 32 (28–32), ps 1 8, ps 2 25 (18–27), d II 68 (66–70), d III 80 (61–76), ω 3 about 14, ω 1 II 26 (19–23), φ I about 18, φ II about 35, φ III about 1, φ IV about 18, σ 1 I about 18, σ II about 2. Distances between setae: g–g 3, ps 3 –ps 3 30, g–ps 3 38, ps 1 –ps 1 13, h 3 –h 3 26 (25– 30), ps 2 –ps 2 47 (45–50), h 2 –h 2 39 (38–43), 4 a– 4a 43, 4b– 4 b 43 (51–53). FEMALE (5 paratypes). Body 160–175 long and 110–125 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 18. Propodonotal shield 37–40 long and 45–53 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se about 35 long. Hysteronotal shield 70–81 long and 54–65 wide. Posterior margin of hysteronotal shield straight, entire. Setae d 2 absent. Humeral shields without bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields II to IV opened. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other. Setae ps 3 situated on these shields. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 90 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 87–98, c 3 27–31, h 2 150–165, h 3 23–30, ps 2 25, d II 61 –68, d III 72 –76, ω 3 I about 13, ω 1 II 32–38, φ I 26–29, φ II 32 –37, σ 1 I 11–17, and σ II 3. Distances between setae: se–se 45– 48, g–g 50, ps 3 –ps 3 16, g–ps 3 47–68, ps 1 –ps 1 14–18, h 3 –h 3 16, ps 2 –ps 2 29–33, h 2 –h 2 24–30, 4 a– 4a 16 – 22, 4 b– 4 b 24–30. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227740], 9 male and 5 female paratypes ex Motacilla cinerea Tunstall (Passeriformes: Motacillidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31 °03'38.35'' N, 103 ° 33 '21.84'' E, 23 April 2014, coll. N. Mu. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes hippolais Bochkov and Mironov, 2012 from Hippolais icterina (Vieillot) (Passeriformes: Acrocephalidae) (Bochkov & Mironov 2012). In both sexes of these two species, setae d 2 are absent and the humeral shields lack bent extensions, setae se are long, extending beyond the anterior margin of hysteronotal shield, at least five times longer than si, and tarsi IV are straight, without apices; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not transversely separated, but has a pair of deep lateral incisions at level of femora IV, femur IV has one ventral and one dorsal retrorse processes (an unique feature shared by both these species), the shape of the lateral incisions of the hysteronotal shield is simple, the opisthosomal lobes, including the interlobar membrane, are not overlapping; in females, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process. The new species differs from P. hippolais by following features. In both sexes of P. motacillae sp. nov., setae ba I, II are absent, and coxal fields II to IV are completely opened; in males, cupules ih are situated posterolateral to adanal suckers, and the aedeagus is about 20 long, extending beyond the genital arch; in females, the posterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is straight. In both sexes of P. hippolais, setae ba I, II are present, coxal fields III are nearly closed, being opened only in the anterior third; in males, cupules ih are situated at the same level as the adanal suckers, and the aedeagus is about 7 long, not extending beyond nor reaching to the genital arch; in females, the posterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is concave.

Passeroptes cyanodermae sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6, 9 H, 12 I-L) MALE (holotype). Body 215 long (190���215 in 9 paratypes) and 160 wide (135���155). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 24 (16���23). Propodonotal shield 46 long (43���52) and 59 wide (54���67), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se long, beyond anterior margin of hysteronotal shield, 52 long (47���59), se���se 51 (47���51). Hysteronotal shield transversely separated at level of femora IV; its anterior part 46 long (50���53) and 83 wide (63���100), its posterior part paired, 92 long (77���96) and 38 wide (31���33). Maximal distance between posterior hysteronotal shields 37. Setae d 2 present, about 37 long. Humeral shields without bent extension. Terminal cleft 66 long (53���66). Opisthosomal lobes about 67 long and 33 wide, interlobar membranes not overlapping, maximum distance about 13 wide. Venter. Coxal apodemes I to IV free, apodeme IIIa with two extending of sclerotizations. Genital arch a wide inverted V, 11 long and 18 wide. Aedeagus 17 long (16���18). Adanal shields about 23 long and 3 wide, symmetric to each other; coxal apodeme IVa about 19 long and 2 wide, shorter than adanal shield. Diameter of adanal suckers 7 (6���9). Cupules ih situated posterolateral to adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 140 long, leg IV 1.5��� 2 times wider than leg III. Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes, genus III with small dorsal process. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved. Lengths of setae: cp 145 (125���155), c 3 50 (39���48), h 2 170 (155���180), h 3 about 78, ps 1 22 (29��� 37), ps 2 38 (33���45), d II 75 (67���82), d III 95 (77���89), �� 3 about 17, �� 1 II 21 (19���23), �� I 38 (32���36), �� II about 50, �� III about 4, �� IV about 12, �� 1 I about 33, �� II about 7. Distance between setae: g���g 5, ps 3 ���ps 3 37, g���ps 3 46 (40��� 47), ps 1 ���ps 1 42, h 3 ���h 3 60 (44���55), ps 2 ���ps 2 72 (56���70), h 2 ���h 2 64 (53���66), ih���ih 52, 4 a��� 4a 59 (57���63), 4 b��� 4 b 87 (74���86). FEMALE (8 paratypes). Body 190���220 long and 140���155 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 21���28. Propodonotal shield 49���56 long and 59���68 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se 51���55 long, se���se 49���51. Hysteronotal shield 82��� 95 long and 68���70 wide, its posterior margin concave. Setae d 2 present, about 21 long. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extension. Venter. Coxal apodemes II to IV free, apodeme IIIa with some extending of sclerotizations; adanal shields well developed, separated from each other encompassing setae h 2, h 3, ps 1, ps 2, and ps 3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 115���135 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent, tarsi IV curved. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 115���130, c 3 34���47, h 2 155���170, h 3 41���56, ps 2 20���30, d II 62 ���69, d III 78 ���92, �� 3 13���16, �� 1 II 17���20, �� I 32 ���37, �� II about 36, �� 1 I about 32, �� II about 5. Distances between setae: se���se 52���55, g���g 67���72, ps 3 ���ps 3 13���14, g���ps 3 66���79, ps 1 ���ps 1 12���15, h 3 ���h 3 22���25, ps 2 ���ps 2 33���42, h 2 ���h 2 38���41, 4 a��� 4a 28 ��� 30, 4 b��� 4 b 26���35. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227741], 9 male and 8 female paratypes ex Cyanoderma ruficeps Blyth (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Sichuan, Dujiangyan, 31 ��03'38.35'' N, 103 �� 33 '21.84'' E, 23 April 2014, coll. N. Mu. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes eulabis Fain, 1965 from Gracula religiosa Linnaeus (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) and P. lamprocolii Fain, 1965 from Lamprotornis chloropterus Swainson (Passeriformes: Sturnidae). In these species, setae d 2 are present and tarsi IV are curved; in males, the hysteronotal shield is transversely separated, the opisthosomal lobes are not overlapping, only femora III have retrorse processes, coxal apodeme IVa are smaller than the adanal shield, the aedeagus is long, extending beyond genital arch, and leg IV is slightly stronger than leg III; in females, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process. The new species differs from P. eulabis and P. lamprocolii by the following features. In both sexes of P. cyanodermae sp. nov., setae se are about five times longer than si and setae d 2 are 21���37 long and situated on the hysteronotal shield; in males, the margins of opisthosomal lobes are smooth, without any emarginate, coxal apodemes I to IV are free, coxal fields III are opened and have some small sclerotized patches in the anterior third, genua III have a small process, tarsi IV are curved, without apices, the adanal shields are about 23 long and 3 wide, and coxal apodeme IVa are about 19 long and 2 wide and shorter than the adanal shield; in females, coxal apodemes II to IV are free, apodeme IIIa has some extending of sclerotizations, the humeral shields have a bent extension, and the adanal shields are well developed, separated from each other and encompass setae ps 3. In both sexes of P. eulabis, setae se are about twice longer than si and setae d 2 are only 10���15 long; in males, the margin of the opisthosomal lobes are not round, emarginate, coxal fields III are opened only in the anterior third, tarsi IV are curved medially and their apex produced, and genua III lack a small process; in females, coxal fields III are closed, the humeral shields lack a bent extension, the adanal shields are developed and connected together, and setae ps 3 are situated off the adanal shields. In both sexes of P. lamprocolii, setae se are about twice longer than si and setae d 2 are situated off the hysteronotal shield, in males, the margins of the opisthosomal lobes are not round, emarginate, genua III lack a small process, tarsi IV are curved, with two apices, and the adanal shields are well developed, about 10 times longer than coxal apodeme IVa; in female, coxal fields III are closed., Published as part of Mu, Ning, Kuang, Xi-Jun, Liu, Huai & Wang, Zi-Ying, 2015, Feather mites of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Acariformes: Dermationidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) of China, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 3985 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/289050, {"references":["Fain, A. (1965) A review of the family Epidermoptidae Trouessart parasitic on the skin of birds (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke vlaamse academie voor wetenschappen, letteren en schone kunsten van Belgiё; Klasse der wetenschapen, 27, 1 - 176 (Pt. I, text), 1 - 144 (Pt. II, illustrations)."]}

Passeroptes lioparis sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 9 F, 12 A���D) Description. MALE (holotype). Body 165 long (150���165 in 6 paratypes) and 115 wide (110���115). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 18 (14���20). Propodonotal shield 36 long (26���36) and 45 wide (42��� 45), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se 60 long (52���62), se���se 40 long (38���41). Hysteronotal shield transversely separated at level of femora IV; its anterior part 45 long (42���50) and 87 (75���79) wide, its posterior part paired, 64 long (61���67) and 20 wide (22��� 23). Maximal distance between posterior hysteronotal shields 27. Setae d 2 present, 16 long, d 2 ���d 2 48. Humeral shields with bent extension, forming acute angle. Terminal cleft longer than its greatest width, 55 long (45���57). Opisthosomal lobes 47 long (40���54), and about 19 wide, posterior interlobar membranes entire, widely separated from each other; distance between lobes 14 (12���14). Venter. Coxal apodemes II to IV free. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally, 9 length and 15 width. Aedeagus 16 long (16���28). Adanal shields 23 long (28���30) and about 4 wide, forming ���L��� shape, subparallel to each other. Coxal apodeme IVa about 18 long and 3 wide. Diameter of adanal suckers about 8. Cupules ih situated posterior to adanal suckers, ih���ih 38. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 100 long (92���110). Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV slightly curved, 16 long, with 2 apices. Lengths of setae: cp 10 (84���94), c 3 20 (22���32), h 2 135 (125���135), h 3 39 (40���45), ps 1 10 (11���15), ps 2 32 (29���33), d II 57 (53���58), d III 44 (47���61), �� 3 I 17 (15���16), �� 1 II 25 (21���23), �� I 32 (28���34), �� II 41 (44���48), �� III about 5, �� IV 24 (20���22), �� 1 I 28 (25���29), �� II about 5. Distances between setae: g���g 3, ps 3 ���ps 3 24 (26���27), g���ps 3 34 (34���36), ps 1 ���ps 1 18 (13���19), h 3 ���h 3 26 (22���25), ps 2 ���ps 2 44 (42���46), h 2 ���h 2 40 (33���40), 4 a��� 4a 63 (62���65), 4 b��� 4 b 48 (46���58), d 2 ���d 2 47. FEMALE (10 paratypes). Body 157���170 long and 120���130 wide. Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 21���25. Propodonotal shield 29���41 long and 45���52 wide. Posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight. Setae se 42���52 long, se���se 47. Hysteronotal shield 69���73 long and 59���64 wide. Posterior angles of hysteronotal shield with oval-shaped extensions. Setae d 2 present, 15 long, d 2 ���d 2 41���46. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions, forming acute angle. Venter. Coxal fields III closed. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other. Setal bases ps 3 situated on adanal shields. Tarsus IV about 44. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 105���120 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 73���89, c 3 30���40, h 2 140���165, h 3 39���57, ps 1 7, ps 2 27���41, d II 52 ���71, d III 52 ���65, �� 3 I 13���17, �� 1 II 19���21, �� I 33 ���40, �� II 36 ���39, �� III 2, �� IV 6, �� 1 I 21���27, �� II 7. Distance between setae: g���g 64, ps 3 ���ps 3 12, g���ps 3 66, ps 1 ���ps 1 12, h 3 ���h 3 22���34, ps 2 ���ps 2 32���34, h 2 ���h 2 37, 4 a��� 4a 21 ��� 24, 4 b��� 4 b 32���36, d 2 ���d 2 40���50. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227739], 6 male and 10 female paratypes ex Lioparus chrysotis (Blyth) (Passeriformes: Paradoxornithidae), CHINA: Yunnan, 24 �� 52 ' 48 '' N, 102 �� 49 ' 51 '' E, 5 May 2013, coll. X.-H. Su. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes formosus Wang and Mu, 2014 from Trochalopteron formosum formosum (Verreaux) (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae) and Passeroptes viduicola Fain, 1965 from Vidua chalybeata (Statius M��ller) (Passeriformes: Viduidae) (Wang et al. 2014; Fain 1965). In these species, setae d 2 are present, and the humeral shields have a bent extension; in males, the hysteronotal shield is transversely separated and only femora III have retrorse processes; in females, setal bases ps 3 are situated on adanal shields, coxal fields III are closed, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process, and tarsi IV are slightly curved, 16 long, with two apices. The new species differs from P. formosus in the following features. In both sexes of P. lioparis sp. nov., setae se are long, about six times longer than si, and setae c 2 and d 2 are long, about 16; in males, coxal apodemes II to IV are free, the opisthosomal lobes, including the interlobar membrane, are not overlapping, and adanal shields are 23 (28-30) long, longer than coxal apodeme IVa; in females, setae si are situated off the propodonotal shields. The new species differs from P. viduicola in following features: setae se are long, about six times longer than si, the aedeagus is about 16 long, the adanal shields are 23 long (28���30) and about 4 wide, forming an ���L��� shape. In both sexes of P. formosus, setae se are short, about twice longer than si, setae c 2 and d 2 are short, only 5 long; in males, the adanal shields are equal to coxal apodeme IVa, coxal fields III are opened in their anterior third and the interlobar membranes are overlapping; in females, setae si are situated on propodonotal shields. In both sexes of P. viduicola, setae se are about three times than si; in males, the aedeagus is very long, the extruded part is 66 long, the adanal shields are U-shaped with a broad base., Published as part of Mu, Ning, Kuang, Xi-Jun, Liu, Huai & Wang, Zi-Ying, 2015, Feather mites of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Acariformes: Dermationidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) of China, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 3985 (1) on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/289050, {"references":["Wang, Z. Y., Mu, N., Su, X. H. & Liu, H. (2014) Three new species of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Astigmata: Dermationidae) from China. Zootaxa, 3838 (1), 87 - 97. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3838.1.4","Fain, A. (1965) A review of the family Epidermoptidae Trouessart parasitic on the skin of birds (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke vlaamse academie voor wetenschappen, letteren en schone kunsten van Belgiё; Klasse der wetenschapen, 27, 1 - 176 (Pt. I, text), 1 - 144 (Pt. II, illustrations)."]}

Mu, Ning, Kuang, Xi-Jun, Liu, Huai, Wang, Zi-Ying (2015): Feather mites of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Acariformes: Dermationidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) of China. Zootaxa 3985 (1): 53-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3985.1.3

Passeroptes aegithalos sp. nov. (Figs. 9 I, 10, 11, 12 Q–T) MALE (holotype). Body 180 long (160, 180 in 2 paratypes) and 130 wide (115, 120). Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 23 (14, 16). Propodonotal shield 38 long (35, 37) and 47 wide (48, 50), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield rounded. Setae se long, extending trochanter IV, 57 (50, 58), 6 times longer than si; se–se 43 (43, 45). Hysteronotal shield 125 long, 73 long along midline, with pair of deep lateral incision at level of femora IV; its anterior part 49 long (48, 66) and 68 wide (56, 60), anterior part of hysteronotal shield slightly wider than posterior part of hysteronotal shield. Maximal distance between posterior hysteronotal shields 16. Setae d 2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions forming acute angle. Terminal cleft 49 (46, 47) long. Opisthosomal lobes and interlobar membranes narrow, minimum distance about 2 wide. Venter. Coxal apodemes I to IV free, coxal fields III opened, coxal apodeme IVa about 12 long and 2 wide. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally, about 10 long and 18 wide. Aedeagus about 16 long, extending beyond genital arch. Adanal shields 27 (28, 29) long and about 6 wide, subparallel to each other, wider than coxal apodeme IVa. Diameter of adanal suckers about 9. Cupules ih situated posterior to adanal suckers, ih–ih 45. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 105 (100, 110) long. Femora III and femora IV without retrorse processes. Solenidion ω 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved, with 2 apices. Lengths of setae: cp 125 (120, 125), c 3 about 32, h 2 150 (145, 165), h 3 30 (38, 40), ps 1 about 20, ps 2 28 (23, 37), d II 67 (60, 78), d III 87 (84, 89), ω 3 14 (13, 14), ω 1 II 23 (17, 21), φ I about 31, φ II 37 (33, 34), φ III about 7, φ IV about 22, σ 1 I 26 (26, 29), σ II 5. Distances between setae: g–g about 4, ps 3 –ps 3 35 (35, 39), g–ps 3 about 44, ps 1 –ps 1 about 18, h 3 –h 3 about 30, ps 2 –ps 2 59 (50, 64), h 2 –h 2 49 (44, 59), 4 a– 4a 57 (58, 59), 4 b– 4 b about 49. FEMALE (2 paratypes). Body 160 long and 120 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 21, 23. Propodonotal shield 44, 46 long and about 55 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield rounded. Setae se 50, 55 long. Hysteronotal shield 75, 77 long and 63, 65 wide. Posterior angles of hysteronotal shield with attenuated extensions. Setae d 2 present, 15, 18 long. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III opened only in anterior third. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 95–100 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp about 116, c 3 about 39, h 2 140, 145, h 3 34, 38, ps 2 22, 25, d II 72, 80, d III about 78, ω 3 about 15, ω 1 II about 19, φ I 26, 28, φ II 32, 34, φ IV about 24, σ 1 I about 24, σ II about 6. Distance between setae: se–se 50, g–g 57, 58, ps 3 –ps 3 about 15, g–ps 3 about 60, h 3 –h 3 about 26, ps 2 –ps 2 about 28, h 2 –h 2 37, 41, 4 a– 4a 24, 25, 4 b– 4 b 32, 35. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227743], 2 male and 2 female paratypes ex Aegithalos iouschistos bonvaloti (Oustalet) (Passeriformes: Aegithalidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31 °03'38.35'' N, 103 ° 33 '21.84'' E, 23 April 2014, coll. N. Mu. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965 from Garrulax bicolor Hartlaub (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae) (Fain 1965). In both sexes of these two species, setae d 2 are present, and the humeral shields are well developed and have bent extensions; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not transversely separated and has a pair of deep lateral incisions at the level of femora IV, the shape of the lateral incisions of the hysteronotal shield is simple, the processes on femora III, IV are absent, the opisthosomal lobes, including the interlobar membrane, are separated from each other, the margin of the interlobar membrane is emarginate, cupules ih are situated posterior to the adanal suckers, the aedeagus is short, and coxal apodeme IVa is smaller than the adanal shields; in females, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process. The new species differs from P. garrulax in the following features. In both sexes of P. aegithalos sp. nov., setae se are long, being six times longer than si, extending beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield; in males, coxal apodemes II to IV are free, and coxal apodemes IVa are less developed, only about 12 long; in females, coxal fields III are opened only in the anterior third, and setae d 2 are long, being 15, 18 long. In both sexes of P. garrulax, setae se are short, only twice as long as setae si, not extending beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield; in males, coxal fields III are almost closed, being opened only in the anterior third, and coxal apodemes IVa are well developed, 20–23 long; in females, coxal fields III are closed, and setae d 2 are 7–8 long.

Passeroptes cyanodermae sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6, 9 H, 12 I-L) MALE (holotype). Body 215 long (190–215 in 9 paratypes) and 160 wide (135–155). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 24 (16–23). Propodonotal shield 46 long (43–52) and 59 wide (54–67), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se long, beyond anterior margin of hysteronotal shield, 52 long (47–59), se–se 51 (47–51). Hysteronotal shield transversely separated at level of femora IV; its anterior part 46 long (50–53) and 83 wide (63–100), its posterior part paired, 92 long (77–96) and 38 wide (31–33). Maximal distance between posterior hysteronotal shields 37. Setae d 2 present, about 37 long. Humeral shields without bent extension. Terminal cleft 66 long (53–66). Opisthosomal lobes about 67 long and 33 wide, interlobar membranes not overlapping, maximum distance about 13 wide. Venter. Coxal apodemes I to IV free, apodeme IIIa with two extending of sclerotizations. Genital arch a wide inverted V, 11 long and 18 wide. Aedeagus 17 long (16–18). Adanal shields about 23 long and 3 wide, symmetric to each other; coxal apodeme IVa about 19 long and 2 wide, shorter than adanal shield. Diameter of adanal suckers 7 (6–9). Cupules ih situated posterolateral to adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal in length, about 140 long, leg IV 1.5– 2 times wider than leg III. Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes, genus III with small dorsal process. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved. Lengths of setae: cp 145 (125–155), c 3 50 (39–48), h 2 170 (155–180), h 3 about 78, ps 1 22 (29– 37), ps 2 38 (33–45), d II 75 (67–82), d III 95 (77–89), ω 3 about 17, ω 1 II 21 (19–23), φ I 38 (32–36), φ II about 50, φ III about 4, φ IV about 12, σ 1 I about 33, σ II about 7. Distance between setae: g–g 5, ps 3 –ps 3 37, g–ps 3 46 (40– 47), ps 1 –ps 1 42, h 3 –h 3 60 (44–55), ps 2 –ps 2 72 (56–70), h 2 –h 2 64 (53–66), ih–ih 52, 4 a– 4a 59 (57–63), 4 b– 4 b 87 (74–86). FEMALE (8 paratypes). Body 190–220 long and 140–155 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 21–28. Propodonotal shield 49–56 long and 59–68 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se 51–55 long, se–se 49–51. Hysteronotal shield 82– 95 long and 68–70 wide, its posterior margin concave. Setae d 2 present, about 21 long. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extension. Venter. Coxal apodemes II to IV free, apodeme IIIa with some extending of sclerotizations; adanal shields well developed, separated from each other encompassing setae h 2, h 3, ps 1, ps 2, and ps 3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 115–135 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent, tarsi IV curved. Solenidion ω 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 115–130, c 3 34–47, h 2 155–170, h 3 41–56, ps 2 20–30, d II 62 –69, d III 78 –92, ω 3 13–16, ω 1 II 17–20, φ I 32 –37, φ II about 36, σ 1 I about 32, σ II about 5. Distances between setae: se–se 52–55, g–g 67–72, ps 3 –ps 3 13–14, g–ps 3 66–79, ps 1 –ps 1 12–15, h 3 –h 3 22–25, ps 2 –ps 2 33–42, h 2 –h 2 38–41, 4 a– 4a 28 – 30, 4 b– 4 b 26–35. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227741], 9 male and 8 female paratypes ex Cyanoderma ruficeps Blyth (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Sichuan, Dujiangyan, 31 °03'38.35'' N, 103 ° 33 '21.84'' E, 23 April 2014, coll. N. Mu. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes eulabis Fain, 1965 from Gracula religiosa Linnaeus (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) and P. lamprocolii Fain, 1965 from Lamprotornis chloropterus Swainson (Passeriformes: Sturnidae). In these species, setae d 2 are present and tarsi IV are curved; in males, the hysteronotal shield is transversely separated, the opisthosomal lobes are not overlapping, only femora III have retrorse processes, coxal apodeme IVa are smaller than the adanal shield, the aedeagus is long, extending beyond genital arch, and leg IV is slightly stronger than leg III; in females, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process. The new species differs from P. eulabis and P. lamprocolii by the following features. In both sexes of P. cyanodermae sp. nov., setae se are about five times longer than si and setae d 2 are 21–37 long and situated on the hysteronotal shield; in males, the margins of opisthosomal lobes are smooth, without any emarginate, coxal apodemes I to IV are free, coxal fields III are opened and have some small sclerotized patches in the anterior third, genua III have a small process, tarsi IV are curved, without apices, the adanal shields are about 23 long and 3 wide, and coxal apodeme IVa are about 19 long and 2 wide and shorter than the adanal shield; in females, coxal apodemes II to IV are free, apodeme IIIa has some extending of sclerotizations, the humeral shields have a bent extension, and the adanal shields are well developed, separated from each other and encompass setae ps 3. In both sexes of P. eulabis, setae se are about twice longer than si and setae d 2 are only 10–15 long; in males, the margin of the opisthosomal lobes are not round, emarginate, coxal fields III are opened only in the anterior third, tarsi IV are curved medially and their apex produced, and genua III lack a small process; in females, coxal fields III are closed, the humeral shields lack a bent extension, the adanal shields are developed and connected together, and setae ps 3 are situated off the adanal shields. In both sexes of P. lamprocolii, setae se are about twice longer than si and setae d 2 are situated off the hysteronotal shield, in males, the margins of the opisthosomal lobes are not round, emarginate, genua III lack a small process, tarsi IV are curved, with two apices, and the adanal shields are well developed, about 10 times longer than coxal apodeme IVa; in female, coxal fields III are closed.

Passeroptes periparus sp. nov. (Figs. 7, 8, 9 A���E, 12 M���P) MALE (holotype). Body 165 long and 115 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 18. Propodonotal shield 39 long and about 64 wide, its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight. Setae se 58 long, about 8 times as long as si, se���se 45. Hysteronotal shield 105 long, its length along midline 57, with 1 pair of deep lateral incisions at level of femora IV; its anterior part 39 long and 64 wide, anterior part of hysteronotal shield not as wide as its posterior part. Maximal distance between posterior hysteronotal shields 56. Setae d 2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Terminal cleft about 43 long. Interlobar membranes not overlapping. Maximum distance about 47 wide. Venter. Coxal apodeme I to IV free, coxal fields III opened, coxal apodeme IVa is a small sclerite. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally. Genital arch 10 long, and 19 wide. Aedeagus 21 long. Adanal shields about 23 long and 15 wide, subparallel to each other. Diameter of adanal suckers about 8. Cupules ih situated posterolateral adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 100 long. Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved, with 2 apices. Lengths of setae: cp 110, h 2 150, h 3 37, ps 1 16, ps 2 36, d II 55, d III 70, �� 3 12, �� 1 II 15, �� I 30, �� II 43, �� IV 20, �� 1 I 16, �� II 12. Distance between setae: se���se 5, g���g 6, ps 3 ���ps 3 36, g���ps 3 42, ps 1 ���ps 1 30, h 3 ���h 3 48, ps 2 ���ps 2 70, h 2 ���h 2 64, ih���ih 50, 4 a��� 4a 52, 4 b��� 4 b 48. FEMALE (3 paratypes). Body 165���190 long and 120���130 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 16���25. Propodonotal shield 44���50 long and 55���57 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield slightly rounded. Setae se 45���55 long. Hysteronotal shield 67���74 long and 56���59 wide, with concave anterior and posterior margins. Setae d 2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent round extensions. Venter. Coxal apodemes II to IV free, coxal fields III opened only in anterior third. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other encompassing setae h 2, h 3, ps 1, ps 2 and ps 3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 96���105 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 100���110, c 3 22���29, h 2 140���155, h 3 30���36, ps 2 27���31, d II 51 ���57, d III 65 ���74, �� 3 about 12, �� 1 II about 14, �� I 25���31, �� II 33 ���35, �� 1 I 14���19, and �� II 4���6. Distance between setae: se���se 48, g���g 62��� 71, ps 3 ���ps 3 12, g���ps 3 68���73, ps 1 ���ps 1 8���10, h 3 ���h 3 15, ps 2 ���ps 2 28���30, h 2 ���h 2 28���30, 4 a��� 4a 20 ��� 25, 4 b��� 4 b 22���30. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227742] and 3 female paratypes ex Periparus ater (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Paridae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31 ��03'38.35'' N, 103 �� 33 '21.84'' E, 23 April 2014, coll. N. Mu. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes geopeliae Fain, 1965 from Geopelia striata (Linnaeus, 1766) (Columbiformes: Columbidae). In both sexes of these two species, setae d 2 are absent, and setae se are long, extending beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield; in males, the hysteronotal shield is entire but has a pair of deep lateral incisions at the level of femora IV, femora III have retrorse processes, the opisthosomal lobes, including the interlobar membrane, are not overlapping, cupules ih are posterolateral to adanal suckers, and tarsi IV are curved, with two apices; in females, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process, and the adanal shields are well developed and separated from each other, encompassing setae ps 3. The new species differs from P. geopeliae by the following features. In both sexes of P. periparus sp. nov., setae ba I, II are absent, and the humeral shields are well developed, with a bent extension; in males, coxal fields III are opened, coxal apodeme IVa is a small sclerite, the opisthosomal lobes, including the interlobar membrane, are separated from each other, and the distance is wider than P. geopeliae, about 47 wide. The aedeagus is long, extending beyond genital arch; in females, the margins of hysteronotal shield is curved, and coxal fields III are opened only in the anterior third. In both sexes of P. geopeliae, setae ba I, II are presumably present (Fain (1965) only stated that �� 1 was absent), and the humeral shields lack a bent extension; in males, coxal fields III are only opened in the anterior third, coxal apodeme IVa is fused with apodeme IIIa, the interlobar membrane are separated from each other, and minimum distance of interlobar membrane is narrower than P. periparus, and the aedeagus is short, not extending to the genital arch; in females, all margins of the hysteronotal shield are straight and coxal fields III are opened., Published as part of Mu, Ning, Kuang, Xi-Jun, Liu, Huai & Wang, Zi-Ying, 2015, Feather mites of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Acariformes: Dermationidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) of China, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 3985 (1) on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/289050, {"references":["Fain, A. (1965) A review of the family Epidermoptidae Trouessart parasitic on the skin of birds (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke vlaamse academie voor wetenschappen, letteren en schone kunsten van Belgiё; Klasse der wetenschapen, 27, 1 - 176 (Pt. I, text), 1 - 144 (Pt. II, illustrations)."]}

Passeroptes motacillae sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4, 9 G, 12 E���H) MALE (holotype). Body 145 long (140���155 in 9 paratypes) and 97 wide (95���105). Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields 19 (15���23). Propodonotal shield 32 long (27���39) and 33 wide (40���45), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se long, 32 long (32���41), se���se 39 (38���41). Hysteronotal shield about 93 long, its length along midline 56, with deep lateral incisions at level of femora IV; its anterior part 44 long (40���47) and 45 wide, anterior part of hysteronotal shield wider than or subequal in width to posterior part of hysteronotal shield. Setae d 2 absent. Humeral shields not developed, without bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes 30 long (36���41), widely separated from each other. Terminal cleft slightly longer than its greatest width. Interlobar membranes wide, entire, about 38 long and 16 wide, widely separated from each other. Maximum distance between lobes about 13. Venter. Coxal apodemes IIa to IV free. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally, 10 length and 18 width. Aedeagus about 20 long, beyond genital arch. Adanal shields about 27 long and 7 wide, subparallel to each other. Diameter of adanal suckers about 7. Cupules ih situated posterolateral adanal suckers, ih���ih 37. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 80 long (76���88). Femora III and IV with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV straight, without apices, 17 long. Lengths of setae: cp 99 (98���105), c 3 23 (24���26), h 2 155 (150���170), h 3 32 (28���32), ps 1 8, ps 2 25 (18���27), d II 68 (66���70), d III 80 (61���76), �� 3 about 14, �� 1 II 26 (19���23), �� I about 18, �� II about 35, �� III about 1, �� IV about 18, �� 1 I about 18, �� II about 2. Distances between setae: g���g 3, ps 3 ���ps 3 30, g���ps 3 38, ps 1 ���ps 1 13, h 3 ���h 3 26 (25��� 30), ps 2 ���ps 2 47 (45���50), h 2 ���h 2 39 (38���43), 4 a��� 4a 43, 4b��� 4 b 43 (51���53). FEMALE (5 paratypes). Body 160���175 long and 110���125 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 18. Propodonotal shield 37���40 long and 45���53 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield straight. Setae se about 35 long. Hysteronotal shield 70���81 long and 54���65 wide. Posterior margin of hysteronotal shield straight, entire. Setae d 2 absent. Humeral shields without bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields II to IV opened. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other. Setae ps 3 situated on these shields. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 90 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion �� 1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 87���98, c 3 27���31, h 2 150���165, h 3 23���30, ps 2 25, d II 61 ���68, d III 72 ���76, �� 3 I about 13, �� 1 II 32���38, �� I 26���29, �� II 32 ���37, �� 1 I 11���17, and �� II 3. Distances between setae: se���se 45��� 48, g���g 50, ps 3 ���ps 3 16, g���ps 3 47���68, ps 1 ���ps 1 14���18, h 3 ���h 3 16, ps 2 ���ps 2 29���33, h 2 ���h 2 24���30, 4 a��� 4a 16 ��� 22, 4 b��� 4 b 24���30. Type material. Holotype male [IOZ(E) 227740], 9 male and 5 female paratypes ex Motacilla cinerea Tunstall (Passeriformes: Motacillidae), CHINA: Sichuan, 31 ��03'38.35'' N, 103 �� 33 '21.84'' E, 23 April 2014, coll. N. Mu. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes hippolais Bochkov and Mironov, 2012 from Hippolais icterina (Vieillot) (Passeriformes: Acrocephalidae) (Bochkov & Mironov 2012). In both sexes of these two species, setae d 2 are absent and the humeral shields lack bent extensions, setae se are long, extending beyond the anterior margin of hysteronotal shield, at least five times longer than si, and tarsi IV are straight, without apices; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not transversely separated, but has a pair of deep lateral incisions at level of femora IV, femur IV has one ventral and one dorsal retrorse processes (an unique feature shared by both these species), the shape of the lateral incisions of the hysteronotal shield is simple, the opisthosomal lobes, including the interlobar membrane, are not overlapping; in females, femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral moderately developed retrorse process. The new species differs from P. hippolais by following features. In both sexes of P. motacillae sp. nov., setae ba I, II are absent, and coxal fields II to IV are completely opened; in males, cupules ih are situated posterolateral to adanal suckers, and the aedeagus is about 20 long, extending beyond the genital arch; in females, the posterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is straight. In both sexes of P. hippolais, setae ba I, II are present, coxal fields III are nearly closed, being opened only in the anterior third; in males, cupules ih are situated at the same level as the adanal suckers, and the aedeagus is about 7 long, not extending beyond nor reaching to the genital arch; in females, the posterior margin of the hysteronotal shield is concave., Published as part of Mu, Ning, Kuang, Xi-Jun, Liu, Huai & Wang, Zi-Ying, 2015, Feather mites of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Acariformes: Dermationidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) of China, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 3985 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/289050, {"references":["Bochkov, A. V. & Mironov, S. V. (2012) Mites of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Acariformes: Dermationidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) of North - Western Russia. Zootaxa, 3563, 43 - 57."]}

Passeroptes poecilorhynchus sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5) Description. MALE (holotype). Body 190 long (185���200 in 3 paratypes) and 125 wide (120���145). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 22. Propodonotal shield 47 long (42���51) and about 68 wide (51���70), posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se about 32 long. Hysteronotal shield transversely separated. Its anterior part 57 long (52���57) and 83 wide (75���83), its lobar part paired, 73 long (63���74) and 29 wide (26���33). Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes about 70 long, separated from each other. Terminal cleft longer than its greatest width. Venter. Coxal apodeme IIIa weakly developed, not entire shields, coxal fields III opened. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally. Aedeagus 22 long (15���22). Adanal shields 29 long (26���29) and about 4 wide, subparallel to each other. Coxal apodeme IVb about 18 long (15���18) and 2 wide (2���3). Diameter of adanal suckers 9 (7��� 9). Cupules ih situated at posterior of adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III thinner than legs IV, about 92 long. Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral weakly developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ��1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved medially and produced apically. Lengths of setae: cp 115 (95���110), c3 28 (22���26), h2 160 (150���160), h3 21 (21���32), ps1 18 (17���19), ps2 26 (24���28), d II 69 (64���72), d III 80 (66���80), ��3 about 15, ��1 II about 22, �� I 28 (30���33), �� II 45 (44���49), �� III about 3, �� IV about 22, ��1 I 14 (12���15), and �� II about 3. FEMALE (5 paratypes). Body 200���220 long and 155���165 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 35. Propodonotal shield 42���50 long and 46���58 wide, postero-1ateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight. Setae se about 30 long. Hysteronotal shield 80���91 long and 62���70 wide. Posterior margin curved inwards at medium. Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III closed. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2 and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, about 96 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Inner side of basal tarsi III and IV with small projection each. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ��1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 95���105, c3 24���28, h2 150���170, h3 40���48, ps2 21���26, d II 49���60, d III 60���79, ��3 14���19, ��1 II 16���21, �� I about 35, �� II about 40, �� III and �� IV about 2, ��1 I about 13, and �� II about 2. Type material. Holotype male, 3 male and 5 female paratypes ex Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (David and Oustalet) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Guizhou, Guiyang, 26��56'04'' N, 106��44'17'' E, 5 January 2013, coll. X.-H. Su. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the specific name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes turdoides Fain and Bochkov, 2003 from Turdoides jardineii (Passeriformes: Timaliidae) (Fain & Bochkov 2003). In both sexes of these two species, setae d2 are absent; in males legs IV are slightly thicker than legs III; and in females, setae se do not extend to the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield, coxal fields III are closed, and femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral retrorse process. The new species differs from P. turdoides by the following features. In both sexes of P. poecilorhynchus sp. nov., setae ba- I, II are absent; setae se are 4���5 times longer than si; in males, the hysteronotal shield is transversely separated and legs IV lack processes; in females, the ventral retrorse processes on femora III and IV are moderately developed. In both sexes of P. turdoides, setae ba- I, II are present; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not transversely separated, setae se are only 1���2 times longer than si, and tibia IV bears a strong sub-basal ventral process directed apically; in females, the ventral retrorse processes on femora III and IV are well developed., Published as part of Wang, Zi-Ying, Mu, Ning, Su, Xiao-Hui & Liu, Huai, 2014, Three new species of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Astigmata: Dermationidae) from China, pp. 87-97 in Zootaxa 3838 (1) on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4921730, {"references":["Fain, A. & Bochkov, A. V. (2003) New species of mites parasitic on the skin of birds (Acari Epidermoptidae and Dermationidae). Bulletin de la Societe royale Belge d'Entomologie, 139, 121 - 149."]}

Wang, Zi-Ying, Mu, Ning, Su, Xiao-Hui, Liu, Huai (2014): Three new species of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Astigmata: Dermationidae) from China. Zootaxa 3838 (1): 87-97, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.1.4

Passeroptes picae sp. nov. (Figs. 6, 7, 8) Description. MALE (holotype). Body 195 long (190���205 in 3 paratypes) and 130 wide (140���160). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 23. Propodonotal shield 54 long (46���52) and 80 (56���67) wide, postero-lateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight. Setae se about 38 long. Hysteronotal shield 120 (120���125) long, its length along midline 78 (81���85); with pair of deep lateral incisions at leve1 of femora IV; anterior edge of lateral incisions not straight. Anterior part of hysteronotal shield (at lateral incisions) narrower than posterior part of hysteronotal shield. Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes about 39 long, widely separated from each other. Venter. Coxal apodeme I to IV free. Genital arch an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally. Aedeagus short, about 10 long. Adanal shields present, separated from each other, 22 long (21���24) and 5 wide (4- 6). Diameter of adanal suckers about 7. Cupules ih situated posterior of adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 85���95 long. Genua I and II each with 1 dorsal weakly developed retrorse processes. Processes on femora III reduced to very small and indistinct transversal crest on dorsal surface. Solenidion ��1 I absent. Tarsi IV straight. Lengths of setae: cp 96 (97���101), c3 28 (30���32), h2 (160���170), h3 35 (33���48), ps1 19 (19���23), ps2 37 (32���36), d II 79(62���72), d III 88 (76���80), ��3 about 15, ��1 II about 22, �� I 27 (24���28), �� II 38 (34���40), �� III about 3, �� IV about 16, ��1 I 20 (20���23), and �� II about 3. FEMALE (4 paratypes). Body 195���210 long and 140���160 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 30. Propodonotal shield 45���51 long and 63���68 wide, postero-1ateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, about 30 long. Hysteronotal shield 78���92 long and 67���77 wide. Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, shape as in males. Venter. Coxal apodemes II to IV free. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing the setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2 and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 90���95 long. Genua I and II each with 1 dorsa1 weakly developed retrorse processes. Processes on femora III reduced to a very small and indistinct transversal crest on dorsal surface. Solenidion ��1 I absent, setae ba present. Lengths of setae: cp 92���98, c3 30���33, h2 160���175, h3 31���43, ps2 28���31, d II 58���77, d III 81���85, ��3 about 12, ��1 II about 17, �� I about 27, �� II about 31, �� III and �� IV about 2, ��1 I about 17, and �� II about 2. Type material. Holotype male, 3 male and 4 female paratypes ex Pica pica sericea Gould (Passeriformes: Corvidae), CHINA: Henan, Luoyang, 34��8'21'' N, 111��55'34'' E, 18 February 2013, coll. X.-H. Su. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. Among species devoid of setae d2 the new species is closest to Passeroptes inermis Fain, 1965 from Calocitta formosa (Swainson) (Passeriformes: Corvidae) (Fain 1965). In both sexes of these two species the retrorse processes of femora III and IV are absent or reduced to a very small and indistinct transverse crest on the dorsal surface; the shape of the humeral shields is similar, with bent extensions; coxal apodemes II to IV are free. In males the hysteronotal shield is not transversely divided, the anterior part of the hysteronotal shield is narrower than the lobar part of the shield; in females, setae se are short and not extending the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield, and the adanal shields are well developed and not fused. The new species differs from P. inermis by the following features. In both sexes of P. picae sp. nov., one weakly developed dorsal retrorse process is present on each of genua I and II; in males, setae se extend beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield and the adanal shields are short and wide; in females, setae se extend beyond a level halfway between the propodonotal and hysteronotal shields. In both sexes of P. inermis, genua I and II are without retrorse processes; in males, setae se do not extend beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield; in females, setae se do not extend beyond halfway between the propodonotal and hysteronotal shields. Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965 (Figs. 9, 10) Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965: 87���90; 124���125 Redescription. MALE (3 specimens). Body 180���195 long and 125���135 wide. Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 13. Propodonotal shield: 45��� 53 long and about 51���69 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, 10���12 long. Hysteronotal shield 120���125 long, its length along midline 68���73; with pair of deep lateral incisions at level of femora IV. Setae d2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes about 61���70 long, near each other. Venter. Coxal fields III almost closed. Genital arch an inverted V. Aedeagus 12���14 long. Coxal apodemes IVb well developed, band-shaped, 20-23 long and about 3 wide. Adanal shields 21-23 long and about 7 wide. Diameter of adanal suckers 7���8. Cupules ih situated posterior to adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III 93���100 long, slightly thinner than legs IV, legs IV 82���88 long. Processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ��1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved medially and with forked apex. Lengths of setae: cp 79���84, c3 13���16, h2 130���140, h3 32���40, ps1 8���10, ps2 22���25, d II 59���69, d III 66���68, ��3 about 15, �� 1II about 23, �� I about 40, �� II about 46, �� III about 2, �� IV about 24, ��1 I about 31, and �� II about 2. FEMALE (5 specimens). Body 205���235 long and 140���175 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 30. Propodonotal shield 45���56 long and 60���65 wide, postero-lateral extensions relatively broad and encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, 8���13 long. Hysteronotal shield 89���99 long and 66���78 wide. Posterior margin curved inwards at medium. Setae d2 thin. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III closed. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2, and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 95���110 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ��1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 72���84, c3 15���23, h2 140���155, h3 30���48, ps2 15���19, d II 52���61, d III 60���74, ��3 and �� 1II about 15, �� I about 30, �� II about 36, �� III and �� IV about 2, ��1 I about 16, and �� II about 2. Material examined. 3 males and 5 females ex Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (David and Oustalet) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Guizhou, Guiyang, 26��56'04'' N, 106��44'17'' E, 5 January 2013, coll. X.-H. Su. Remark. Specimens of P. garrulax and P. poecilorhynchus sp. nov. were collected from the same individual of Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (David and Oustalet). In the original description of Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965 from Garrulax leucolopbus bicolor, which had been imported from Indonesia and died in the Antwerp Zoo, Fain (1965) stated that the leg setation is as in P. dermicola and that tarsi I and II of P. dermicola possess setae ba. However, in our examined specimens of P. garrulax, setae ba were absent on tarsi I and II. Furthermore, in two other species, P. formosus sp. nov. and P. poecilorhynchus sp. nov., collected by us from birds of the genus Garrulax, setae ba -I, II are also absent., Published as part of Wang, Zi-Ying, Mu, Ning, Su, Xiao-Hui & Liu, Huai, 2014, Three new species of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Astigmata: Dermationidae) from China, pp. 87-97 in Zootaxa 3838 (1) on pages 92-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4921730, {"references":["Fain, A. (1965) A review of the family Epidermoptidae Trouessart parasitic on the skin of birds (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke vlaamse academie voor wetenschappen, letteren en schone kunsten van Belgie; Klasse der wetenschapen, 27, 1 - 176 (Pt. Ι, text), 1 - 144 (Pt. II, illustrations)."]}

Passeroptes formosus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3) Description. MALE (holotype). Body 205 long (185���240 in 9 paratypes) and 155 wide (135���175). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 11. Propodonotal shield: 40 long (37���54) and 55 wide (52���74), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, only about 9 long. Hysteronotal shield transversally separated at level of femora IV; its anterior part 65 long (57���66) and 94 wide (88���100), its lobar part paired, 79 long (74���84) and 28 wide (23���28). Distance between lobar hysteronotal shields 31 (28���34). Setae d2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions, forming acute angle. Terminal cleft about 75 long. Posterior interlobar membranes overlapping 9 wide (9���11). Venter. Coxal fields III opened in anterior third. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally. Aedeagus about 14 long. Adanal shields 18 long (16���19) and 4 wide (4���5), subparallel to each other. Coxal apodeme IVb 23 long (20���23) and 3 wide (3���4). Diameter of adanal suckers about 11. Cupules ih situated postero-lateral to adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 100���110 long. Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Solenidion ��1 I absent. Setae ba- I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved medially and produced apically. Length of setae: cp 83 (89���115), c3 25 (26���31), h2 155 (150���170), h3 57 (56���69), ps1 17 (16���21), ps2 44 (39���47), d II 51 (50���65), d III 81 (76���95), ��3 16 (13���17), ��1 II 16 (15���18), �� I 23 (29���32), �� II 43 (41���50), �� III about 5, �� IV about 10, ��1 I 17 (13���17), �� II about 4. FEMALE (10 paratypes). Body 185���215 long and 130���190 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 30. Propodonotal shield 42���59 long and 57���77 wide, postero-1ateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield circular. Setae se short, only about 10 long. Hysteronotal shield 82���105 long and 65���90 wide. Postero-lateral angles of hysteronotal shield with ovalshaped extensions. Setae d2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III closed. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2, and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 110���130 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Solenidion ��1 I absent. Setae ba I and II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 94���125, c3 19���27, h2 135���190, h3 29���48, ps2 19���23, d II 49���60, d III 60���69, ��3 about 15, ��1 II about 19, �� I about 32, �� II about 37, �� III and �� IV about 2, ��1 I about 14, and �� II about 2. Type material. Holotype male, 9 male and 10 female paratypes ex Garrulax formosus formosus (Verreaux) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Guizhou, Guiyang, 26��56'04'' N, 106��44'17'' E, 5 January 2013, coll. X. -H. Su. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the specific name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes eulabis Fain, 1965 from Gracula religiosa Linnaeus (Eulabes javana Cuvier was used in Fain's original paper) (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) (Fain 1965). In both sexes of these two species, setae se are short and setae d2 are present; in males, only femora III have retrorse processes and tarsi IV are curved medially and produced apically; in females, coxal fields III are closed and femora III and IV each bear the one dorsal and one ventral retrorse process. The new species differs from P. eulabis in the following features. In both sexes of P. formosus sp. nov., trochanters I and II have no processes, setae ba I and II are absent, and the humeral shields have bent extensions; in males, the hysteronotal shield is transversely separated, and coxal apodemes IVb are subequal to the adanal shields; in females, the posterior angles of the hysteronotal shield have oval-shaped extensions and the adanal shields are well developed and bear setae ps3. In both sexes of P. eulabis, setae ba I, II are present; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not separated transversally and the adanal shields are wider than the coxal apodemes IVb; in females, the posterior angles of the hysteronotal shield are round and not produced, the adanal shields are short and setae ps3 are situated off these shields, and trochantera I and II have small conical lateral processes., Published as part of Wang, Zi-Ying, Mu, Ning, Su, Xiao-Hui & Liu, Huai, 2014, Three new species of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Astigmata: Dermationidae) from China, pp. 87-97 in Zootaxa 3838 (1) on pages 88-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4921730, {"references":["Fain, A. (1965) A review of the family Epidermoptidae Trouessart parasitic on the skin of birds (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke vlaamse academie voor wetenschappen, letteren en schone kunsten van Belgie; Klasse der wetenschapen, 27, 1 - 176 (Pt. Ι, text), 1 - 144 (Pt. II, illustrations)."]}

Passeroptes formosus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3) Description. MALE (holotype). Body 205 long (185–240 in 9 paratypes) and 155 wide (135–175). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 11. Propodonotal shield: 40 long (37–54) and 55 wide (52–74), its posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, only about 9 long. Hysteronotal shield transversally separated at level of femora IV; its anterior part 65 long (57–66) and 94 wide (88–100), its lobar part paired, 79 long (74–84) and 28 wide (23–28). Distance between lobar hysteronotal shields 31 (28–34). Setae d2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions, forming acute angle. Terminal cleft about 75 long. Posterior interlobar membranes overlapping 9 wide (9–11). Venter. Coxal fields III opened in anterior third. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally. Aedeagus about 14 long. Adanal shields 18 long (16–19) and 4 wide (4–5), subparallel to each other. Coxal apodeme IVb 23 long (20–23) and 3 wide (3–4). Diameter of adanal suckers about 11. Cupules ih situated postero-lateral to adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 100–110 long. Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Solenidion ω1 I absent. Setae ba- I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved medially and produced apically. Length of setae: cp 83 (89–115), c3 25 (26–31), h2 155 (150–170), h3 57 (56–69), ps1 17 (16–21), ps2 44 (39–47), d II 51 (50–65), d III 81 (76–95), ω3 16 (13–17), ω1 II 16 (15–18), φ I 23 (29–32), φ II 43 (41–50), φ III about 5, φ IV about 10, σ1 I 17 (13–17), σ II about 4. FEMALE (10 paratypes). Body 185–215 long and 130–190 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 30. Propodonotal shield 42–59 long and 57–77 wide, postero-1ateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield circular. Setae se short, only about 10 long. Hysteronotal shield 82–105 long and 65–90 wide. Postero-lateral angles of hysteronotal shield with ovalshaped extensions. Setae d2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III closed. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2, and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 110–130 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Solenidion ω1 I absent. Setae ba I and II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 94–125, c3 19–27, h2 135–190, h3 29–48, ps2 19–23, d II 49–60, d III 60–69, ω3 about 15, ω1 II about 19, φ I about 32, φ II about 37, φ III and φ IV about 2, σ1 I about 14, and σ II about 2. Type material. Holotype male, 9 male and 10 female paratypes ex Garrulax formosus formosus (Verreaux) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Guizhou, Guiyang, 26°56'04'' N, 106°44'17'' E, 5 January 2013, coll. X. -H. Su. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the specific name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes eulabis Fain, 1965 from Gracula religiosa Linnaeus (Eulabes javana Cuvier was used in Fain's original paper) (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) (Fain 1965). In both sexes of these two species, setae se are short and setae d2 are present; in males, only femora III have retrorse processes and tarsi IV are curved medially and produced apically; in females, coxal fields III are closed and femora III and IV each bear the one dorsal and one ventral retrorse process. The new species differs from P. eulabis in the following features. In both sexes of P. formosus sp. nov., trochanters I and II have no processes, setae ba I and II are absent, and the humeral shields have bent extensions; in males, the hysteronotal shield is transversely separated, and coxal apodemes IVb are subequal to the adanal shields; in females, the posterior angles of the hysteronotal shield have oval-shaped extensions and the adanal shields are well developed and bear setae ps3. In both sexes of P. eulabis, setae ba I, II are present; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not separated transversally and the adanal shields are wider than the coxal apodemes IVb; in females, the posterior angles of the hysteronotal shield are round and not produced, the adanal shields are short and setae ps3 are situated off these shields, and trochantera I and II have small conical lateral processes.

Passeroptes picae sp. nov. (Figs. 6, 7, 8) Description. MALE (holotype). Body 195 long (190–205 in 3 paratypes) and 130 wide (140–160). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 23. Propodonotal shield 54 long (46–52) and 80 (56–67) wide, postero-lateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight. Setae se about 38 long. Hysteronotal shield 120 (120–125) long, its length along midline 78 (81–85); with pair of deep lateral incisions at leve1 of femora IV; anterior edge of lateral incisions not straight. Anterior part of hysteronotal shield (at lateral incisions) narrower than posterior part of hysteronotal shield. Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes about 39 long, widely separated from each other. Venter. Coxal apodeme I to IV free. Genital arch an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally. Aedeagus short, about 10 long. Adanal shields present, separated from each other, 22 long (21–24) and 5 wide (4- 6). Diameter of adanal suckers about 7. Cupules ih situated posterior of adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 85–95 long. Genua I and II each with 1 dorsal weakly developed retrorse processes. Processes on femora III reduced to very small and indistinct transversal crest on dorsal surface. Solenidion ω1 I absent. Tarsi IV straight. Lengths of setae: cp 96 (97–101), c3 28 (30–32), h2 (160–170), h3 35 (33–48), ps1 19 (19–23), ps2 37 (32–36), d II 79(62–72), d III 88 (76–80), ω3 about 15, ω1 II about 22, φ I 27 (24–28), φ II 38 (34–40), φ III about 3, φ IV about 16, σ1 I 20 (20–23), and σ II about 3. FEMALE (4 paratypes). Body 195–210 long and 140–160 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 30. Propodonotal shield 45–51 long and 63–68 wide, postero-1ateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, about 30 long. Hysteronotal shield 78–92 long and 67–77 wide. Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, shape as in males. Venter. Coxal apodemes II to IV free. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing the setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2 and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 90–95 long. Genua I and II each with 1 dorsa1 weakly developed retrorse processes. Processes on femora III reduced to a very small and indistinct transversal crest on dorsal surface. Solenidion ω1 I absent, setae ba present. Lengths of setae: cp 92–98, c3 30–33, h2 160–175, h3 31–43, ps2 28–31, d II 58–77, d III 81–85, ω3 about 12, ω1 II about 17, φ I about 27, φ II about 31, φ III and φ IV about 2, σ1 I about 17, and σ II about 2. Type material. Holotype male, 3 male and 4 female paratypes ex Pica pica sericea Gould (Passeriformes: Corvidae), CHINA: Henan, Luoyang, 34°8'21'' N, 111°55'34'' E, 18 February 2013, coll. X.-H. Su. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the generic name of the host. Differential diagnosis. Among species devoid of setae d2 the new species is closest to Passeroptes inermis Fain, 1965 from Calocitta formosa (Swainson) (Passeriformes: Corvidae) (Fain 1965). In both sexes of these two species the retrorse processes of femora III and IV are absent or reduced to a very small and indistinct transverse crest on the dorsal surface; the shape of the humeral shields is similar, with bent extensions; coxal apodemes II to IV are free. In males the hysteronotal shield is not transversely divided, the anterior part of the hysteronotal shield is narrower than the lobar part of the shield; in females, setae se are short and not extending the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield, and the adanal shields are well developed and not fused. The new species differs from P. inermis by the following features. In both sexes of P. picae sp. nov., one weakly developed dorsal retrorse process is present on each of genua I and II; in males, setae se extend beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield and the adanal shields are short and wide; in females, setae se extend beyond a level halfway between the propodonotal and hysteronotal shields. In both sexes of P. inermis, genua I and II are without retrorse processes; in males, setae se do not extend beyond the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield; in females, setae se do not extend beyond halfway between the propodonotal and hysteronotal shields. Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965 (Figs. 9, 10) Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965: 87–90; 124–125 Redescription. MALE (3 specimens). Body 180–195 long and 125–135 wide. Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 13. Propodonotal shield: 45– 53 long and about 51–69 wide, posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, 10–12 long. Hysteronotal shield 120–125 long, its length along midline 68–73; with pair of deep lateral incisions at level of femora IV. Setae d2 present. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes about 61–70 long, near each other. Venter. Coxal fields III almost closed. Genital arch an inverted V. Aedeagus 12–14 long. Coxal apodemes IVb well developed, band-shaped, 20-23 long and about 3 wide. Adanal shields 21-23 long and about 7 wide. Diameter of adanal suckers 7–8. Cupules ih situated posterior to adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III 93–100 long, slightly thinner than legs IV, legs IV 82–88 long. Processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved medially and with forked apex. Lengths of setae: cp 79–84, c3 13–16, h2 130–140, h3 32–40, ps1 8–10, ps2 22–25, d II 59–69, d III 66–68, ω3 about 15, ω 1II about 23, φ I about 40, φ II about 46, φ III about 2, φ IV about 24, σ1 I about 31, and σ II about 2. FEMALE (5 specimens). Body 205–235 long and 140–175 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 30. Propodonotal shield 45–56 long and 60–65 wide, postero-lateral extensions relatively broad and encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se short, 8–13 long. Hysteronotal shield 89–99 long and 66–78 wide. Posterior margin curved inwards at medium. Setae d2 thin. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III closed. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2, and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, 95–110 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 72–84, c3 15–23, h2 140–155, h3 30–48, ps2 15–19, d II 52–61, d III 60–74, ω3 and ω 1II about 15, φ I about 30, φ II about 36, φ III and φ IV about 2, σ1 I about 16, and σ II about 2. Material examined. 3 males and 5 females ex Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (David and Oustalet) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Guizhou, Guiyang, 26°56'04'' N, 106°44'17'' E, 5 January 2013, coll. X.-H. Su. Remark. Specimens of P. garrulax and P. poecilorhynchus sp. nov. were collected from the same individual of Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (David and Oustalet). In the original description of Passeroptes garrulax Fain, 1965 from Garrulax leucolopbus bicolor, which had been imported from Indonesia and died in the Antwerp Zoo, Fain (1965) stated that the leg setation is as in P. dermicola and that tarsi I and II of P. dermicola possess setae ba. However, in our examined specimens of P. garrulax, setae ba were absent on tarsi I and II. Furthermore, in two other species, P. formosus sp. nov. and P. poecilorhynchus sp. nov., collected by us from birds of the genus Garrulax, setae ba -I, II are also absent.

Passeroptes poecilorhynchus sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5) Description. MALE (holotype). Body 190 long (185–200 in 3 paratypes) and 125 wide (120–145). Idiosomal shields devoid of ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 22. Propodonotal shield 47 long (42–51) and about 68 wide (51–70), posterolateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight, corrugated. Setae se about 32 long. Hysteronotal shield transversely separated. Its anterior part 57 long (52–57) and 83 wide (75–83), its lobar part paired, 73 long (63–74) and 29 wide (26–33). Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Opisthosomal lobes about 70 long, separated from each other. Terminal cleft longer than its greatest width. Venter. Coxal apodeme IIIa weakly developed, not entire shields, coxal fields III opened. Genital arch as an inverted V with tips strongly curved laterally. Aedeagus 22 long (15–22). Adanal shields 29 long (26–29) and about 4 wide, subparallel to each other. Coxal apodeme IVb about 18 long (15–18) and 2 wide (2–3). Diameter of adanal suckers 9 (7– 9). Cupules ih situated at posterior of adanal suckers. Legs. Legs III thinner than legs IV, about 92 long. Femora III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral weakly developed retrorse processes. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Tarsi IV curved medially and produced apically. Lengths of setae: cp 115 (95–110), c3 28 (22–26), h2 160 (150–160), h3 21 (21–32), ps1 18 (17–19), ps2 26 (24–28), d II 69 (64–72), d III 80 (66–80), ω3 about 15, ω1 II about 22, φ I 28 (30–33), φ II 45 (44–49), φ III about 3, φ IV about 22, σ1 I 14 (12–15), and σ II about 3. FEMALE (5 paratypes). Body 200–220 long and 155–165 wide. Idiosomal shields without ornamentation, soft idiosomal cuticle striated, without scales or tubercles. Dorsum. Distance between propodonotal and hysteronotal shields about 35. Propodonotal shield 42–50 long and 46–58 wide, postero-1ateral extensions encompassing bases of setae se and si. Posterior margin of propodonotal shield not straight. Setae se about 30 long. Hysteronotal shield 80–91 long and 62–70 wide. Posterior margin curved inwards at medium. Setae d2 absent. Humeral shields well developed, with bent extensions. Venter. Coxal fields III closed. Adanal shields well developed, separated from each other, encompassing setae ps1, ps2, ps3, h2 and h3. Legs. Legs III and IV subequal, about 96 long. Femora III and IV each with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral moderately developed retrorse processes. Inner side of basal tarsi III and IV with small projection each. Other processes on legs III and IV absent. Solenidion ω1 I absent. Setae ba I, II absent. Lengths of setae: cp 95–105, c3 24–28, h2 150–170, h3 40–48, ps2 21–26, d II 49–60, d III 60–79, ω3 14–19, ω1 II 16–21, φ I about 35, φ II about 40, φ III and φ IV about 2, σ1 I about 13, and σ II about 2. Type material. Holotype male, 3 male and 5 female paratypes ex Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (David and Oustalet) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae), CHINA: Guizhou, Guiyang, 26°56'04'' N, 106°44'17'' E, 5 January 2013, coll. X.-H. Su. Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the specific name of the host. Differential diagnosis. The new species is closest to Passeroptes turdoides Fain and Bochkov, 2003 from Turdoides jardineii (Passeriformes: Timaliidae) (Fain & Bochkov 2003). In both sexes of these two species, setae d2 are absent; in males legs IV are slightly thicker than legs III; and in females, setae se do not extend to the anterior margin of the hysteronotal shield, coxal fields III are closed, and femora III and IV each bear one dorsal and one ventral retrorse process. The new species differs from P. turdoides by the following features. In both sexes of P. poecilorhynchus sp. nov., setae ba- I, II are absent; setae se are 4–5 times longer than si; in males, the hysteronotal shield is transversely separated and legs IV lack processes; in females, the ventral retrorse processes on femora III and IV are moderately developed. In both sexes of P. turdoides, setae ba- I, II are present; in males, the hysteronotal shield is not transversely separated, setae se are only 1–2 times longer than si, and tibia IV bears a strong sub-basal ventral process directed apically; in females, the ventral retrorse processes on femora III and IV are well developed.