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Thraulodes luisae Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian, 2014 (Figs. 11���15 and 26���27) Diagnosis. Male imago (adapted from Souto et al. 2014): 1) forewings with 2���3 cross veins basal to bulla; 2) costal and subcostal areas of forewing white on apical third; 2) femora of forelegs with an apical transversal brown band heavily marked and one submedian brown mark; 3) abdominal color pattern of terga I���VI translucent whitish, terga II���VI with a pair of submedian spots, a pair of midway spots and a pair of stigmatic dots, one each side; 5) styliger plate triangular possessing median projection short with narrow base and rounded apex; 6) penes short and wide, apicolateral area forming an ���ear-like��� projection and lateral pouch present, short spines on penes with base robust and tapering towards apex. Nymph: 1) abdominal color pattern of terga I���V with a pair of dark brown submedian spots and a pair of dark brown midway spots, one on each side (Fig. 11); 2) legs light brown and femora with dark brown marks on dorsal surface (Fig. 13); 3) tarsal claws with 7 denticles, apical denticle almost twice as long as the subapical denticle (Fig. 14); 4) gills broad and tapering toward the apex, main trachea strongly pigmented and unbranched (Fig. 15). Description. Nymph (putative). LENGTH (mm). Body: 5.1���6.0; caudal filaments: 7.5. General coloration light brown. Head. Upper portion of male compound eye orangish, lower portion black; ocelli dark gray; small light brown spot between eyes, ocelli and base of antenna. Labrum three times wider than long; wider than clypeus; anterior margin with five subtle denticles (Figs. 12a���b). Mandibles with outer margin with long, thin setae on distal half and without setae on basal half (Figs. 12c and 12e). Maxilla light brown; segments I and II of maxillary palp with few, simple setae on outer margin (these setae are eventually absent in some specimens), segment III with short setae, more abundant apically on outer margin; segment II with few, short, stout setae on apical inner margin and segment III with stout setae on inner margin (Fig. 12f and 12h). Hypopharynx with light brown setae (Fig. 12d). Labium light brown; segment I of labial palp with both margins with long setae; segment II with few setae on outer margin and segment III with setae concentrated apically on outer margin (Fig. 12g). Thorax. Pro-, meso- and metanotum light brown. Wing-pads whitish brown. Pleura and thoracic sterna yellowish. Legs: light brown. Foreleg: fore femur with medium dark brown mark on dorsal surface; inner margin with short spines, outer margin with long spines and long, thin setae; tibia with row of short spines on outer and inner margins and with long setae on outer margin (Fig. 13a); tarsal claws with 7 denticles progressively larger towards apex, with apical denticle almost twice as long as subapical denticle (Fig. 14). Mid and hind legs: similar to foreleg, except that basal mark on dorsal surface of femur is less visible on mid leg (Fig. 13b and 13c). Abdomen. Terga light brown. Terga I���V with pair of submedian dark brown spots near posterior margins and pair of midway, dark brown spots near anterior margins, one on each side (Fig. 11). Sterna yellowish white. Caudal filaments yellowish with dark brown annulations. Gills gray, broad and tapering toward apex, with main trachea strongly pigmented and unbranched (Fig. 15). Life cycle associations. Nymphs were associated with the imagos because they were found in the same localities and share the same abdominal color pattern of the male imago, especially the submedial marks (see Figure 2 in Souto et al. 2014 and Figures 11 and 27 of the present study). Biology. Thraulodes luisae has been found in sites between 50���2000 meters above sea level (Souto et al. 2014 and present study). The nymphs were found in rivers with low to moderate currents and in different substrates, such as leaf litter, leaf litter accumulated in ponds, sand, gravel or under submerged stones and pebbles, and in riparian vegetation. This is the most common and widely distributed species of the genus in the state of Esp��rito Santo. Thraulodes luisae was found in sympatry with T. itatiajanus at sites in the Capara�� National Park. Distribution. S��o Paulo. New records for Esp��rito Santo and Minas Gerais (Fig. 23). Material examined. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Espera Feliz, Capara�� National Park, Pedra Menina (Base), 20�� 37��� 30.3������ S / 41�� 49��� 27.1������ W, 4 m, 14.x.2011, nymphs; same locality, 14-15.ii.2016, 2 nymphs; Capara�� National Park, Cachoeira do Vale a Pena, 20�� 32��� 19.6������ S / 41�� 51��� 25.2������ W, 1053 m, 27.iii.2009, Ceunes leg., 1 nymph; Alto Capara��, Capara�� National Park, Rio S��o Domingos, 20�� 2 ��� 19.5��� S / 41�� 49��� 41.7��� W, 1972 m, 28.iii.2018, len��ol, 3 ♂ imagos; Araponga, Cachoeira do Bon��, 20�� 38��� 45��� S / 42�� 27��� 26��� W, 950 m, 05.ix.2018, F.F. Salles, I. Pereira & J.L. Marulanda cols., 15 nymphs; same locality, 24.ix.201, F.F. Salles, I. Pereira, D.S. Belicchi & J.L. Marulanda cols., 3 nymphs; Same locality, 11.vii.2019, F.F. Salles, T.S. Raymundo, J.L. Marulanda & I.D. Oliveira cols., 60 nymphs; same data, 33 nymphs; same locality, 10.i.2020, 1 nymph; Esp��rito Santo, Ibitirama, Capara�� National Park, Santa Marta, Rio Santa Marta (Base), 20�� 29��� 51.3������ S / 41�� 43��� 45.9������ W, 935 m, 17-18.ii.2016, uv light pan trap, 4 ♀ imagos and 2 ♂ subimagos; same locality, 18-19.ii.2016, 2 ♂ imagos and 1 ♂ subimago; Capara�� National Park, Rio Pedra Roxa, 20�� 23��� 48.1������ S / 41�� 44��� 08.1������ W, 1063 m, 20.iv.200, Ceunes leg., 21 nymphs; same locality, 15.x.2011, 1 nymph; Capara�� National Park, Rio Pedra Roxa, 20�� 24��� 20.7������ S / 41�� 43��� 35.6������ W, 997 m, 21.iv.200, Ceunes leg., 2 nymphs; Capara�� National Park, Rio ���Tecnotruta��� between Pedra Roxa and Santa Marta, 20�� 2 ��� 43.0������ S / 41�� 42��� 15. ������ W, 33 m, 21.iv.200, 11 nymphs; Capara�� National Park, Rio ���Tecnotruta��� Sonho Meu, 1063 m, 21.iv.200, 7 nymphs; same locality, 959 m, 21.iv.200, 6 nymphs; Cariacica, Reserva Biol��gica Duas Bocas, Quase fim da Trilha, 20�� 15��� 2.5������ S / 40�� 29��� 3.3������ W, 211 m, 02.x.2013, 19 nymphs; Reserva Biol��gica Duas Bocas, Casa da Farinha, 20�� 33��� 0.7������ S / 40�� 43��� 36.6������ W, 01.x.2013, 3 nymphs; Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia, Capitel de Santo Ant��nio, Pinguela, 19�� 52��� 16.0������ S / 40�� 31��� 43.1������ W, 718 m, 19.xi.2015, len��ol, 1 ♂ imago and 1 ♂ subimago; same locality, 09.xii.2015, 1 ♂ imago and 4 ♂ subimagos; same locality, 26.x.2009, 3 ♂ and 1 ♀ imagos; same locality, 19.ii.2009, 1 nymph; same locality, 26.x.200, 31 nymphs; same locality, 09.xii.2015, nymphs; same locality, 0. ix.2015, 12 nymphs; Nova Lombardia, Capitel de Santo Ant��nio, C��rrego Grande (��rea Aberta), 19�� 52��� 32.6������ S / 40�� 31��� 49. ������ W, 721 m, 19.ii.2009, Ceunes leg., 3 nymphs; Nova Lombardia, Capitel de Santo Ant��nio, C��rrego Grande (��rea Aberta), 19�� 52��� 32.6������ S / 40�� 31��� 49. ������ W, 721 m, 19.i.200, nymphs; same locality, 20.i.200, Ceunes leg., 6 nymphs; same locality, 24.x.200, Ceunes leg., 19 nymphs; same locality, 25.x.200, Ceunes leg., 6 nymphs; same locality, 19.ii.2009, Ceunes leg., 3 nymphs; same locality, 20.ii.2009, Ceunes leg., 12 nymphs; same locality, 11-12.i.2016, 1 ♂ subimago; Nova Lombardia, Capitel de Santo Ant��nio, Cachoeira Grande, 19�� 52��� 30. ������ S / 40�� 31��� 56.6������ W, 712 m, 25.x.200, Ceunes leg., 15 nymphs; same locality, 24.x.200, 5 nymphs; same locality, 20.i.200, 13 nymphs; Nova Lombardia, Capitel de Santo Ant��nio, C��rrego Escavado, 19�� 52��� 31.7������ S / 40�� 31��� 47.3������ W, 705 m, 16.xi.200, 5 nymphs; Nova Lombardia, Po����o, 19�� 52��� 30.9������ S / 40�� 32��� 07.4������ W, 739 m, 26.x.200, Ceunes leg., 1 nymph; Nova Lombardia, C��rrego do Filtro, 19�� 52��� 32.6������ S / 40�� 31��� 49. ������ W, 11.i.2016, 2 nymphs; Santa Teresa, Reserva Biol��gica Augusto Ruschi, Cachoeirinha, Estrada cima, 19�� 53��� 20.9������ S / 40�� 32��� 43.9������ W, 19.xi.2015, 1 nymph; Reserva Biol��gica Augusto Ruschi, C��rrego da Estrada, 19�� 53��� 20.6������ S / 40�� 32��� 41.5������ W, 11.i.2016, len��ol, 2 ♂ imagos and 2 ♀ subimagos; Reserva Biol��gica Augusto Ruschi, C��rrego do Bragacho, 19�� 52��� 25.3������ S / 40�� 33��� 34.2������ W, 15.iv.201, 4 nymphs; Fund��o, Rio Timbu��, Fazenda Camping, Capela, 19�� 56��� 02.0������ S / 40�� 24��� 45.0������ W, 57 m, 02.xii.2010, 1 nymph; same locality, 03.xii.2010, 2 nymphs. Discussion. Nymphs of T. luisae resemble those of T. bonito and T. borun due to the general abdominal color pattern, mainly the marks of the terga. Both species have a pair of dark brown spots on the sublateral region of the terga, one on each side, distributed as follow: T. luisae on terga I���V; T. bonito on terga I���VII and T. borun on terga II���VI. The gills of these species have the main trachea strongly pigmented and unbranched. Nevertheless, the nymph of T. luisae can be distinguished from the others two species by the terga I���V with a pair of submedian, dark brown spots close to posterior margin; in T. borun the terga II���VI has single posteromedial dark mark, while in T. bonito the terga II���VII have diffuse and poorly defined median mark. Moreover, the number of denticles on the tarsal claw differs among the three species: T. luisae has 7; T. borun has ���9; and T. bonito has 11., Published as part of Raymundo, Thayna Da Silva, Almeida, Ta��s Barbosa, Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C. & Salles, Frederico Falc��o, 2021, Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Esp��rito Santo state, Brazil, pp. 7-20 in Zootaxa 5076 (1) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5763229, {"references":["Souto, P. M., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2014) Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 3760 (4), 571 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.4.6"]}

Thraulodes alegre sp. nov. (Figures 16–22) Diagnosis. The male imago of Thraulodes alegre sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Thraulodes by the following combination of characteristics: 1) forewings with three cross veins basal and 17 distal to bulla (Fig. 20a); 2) abdominal color pattern of terga I–VI whitish translucent, II–VI with subrectangular dark brown mark near posterior margins and with midway spots (Fig. 17); 3) styliger plate triangular and whitish (Fig. 19); 4) penes light yellow, with lateral pouch (Fig. 1); 5) apicolateral area of the penes forming an “ear-like” projection; 6) penes spines long and tapered, with robust bases (Figs. 1 –19). Description. Male imago (Figs. 10–14). LENGTH (mm). Body:.1–.5; Fore wing:.9; hind wing: 1.9. Caudal filaments broken and lost. General coloration whitish, with light yellow and dark brown areas. Wings hyaline. Head. White, with dark brown and light brown areas. Antenna with scape and flagellum whitish yellow, pedicel dark brown. Ocelli white, surrounded by dark ring at base. Eyes dark brown, upper portion orangish brown (Figs. 16–17). Thorax. Pronotum whitish yellow, with small dark brown spots. Meso- and metanotum whitish yellow, with dark brown marks. Prosternum white; meso- and metasternum light brown (Figs. 16–17). Pleura with membranous areas whitish; sclerotized areas grayish brown and dark brown. Legs: broken and lost. Wings: Membrane of wings hyaline, with dark brown mark at base; veins whitish. Forewing with three cross veins basal and 17 distal to bulla (Fig. 20a). Hind wing with 9–11 cross veins (Fig. 20b). Abdomen. Terga I–VI whitish translucent, terga VII–X yellowish white. Tergum I with dark brown diffuse mark close to anterior margin; terga II–VI with subrectangular brown mark near posterior margins and midway spots; terga I–VII with stigmatic dots close to anterolateral margins. Terga VI–IX with posterior margins dark brown; tergum X with two spots apically. Sterna I–VIII each with pair of ventral dots, near posterolateral margin (Figs. 16–17). Caudal filaments broken and lost. Genitalia (Figs. 1 –19). Styliger plate white, triangular, with dorsal extension developed. Forceps white, segment I medially constricted; inner margin with several short setae basal to constrition. Penes light yellow, with lateral pouch present, apicolateral area with apex rounded, with “ear-like” projection; penes spines long, tapered and with bases robust. Female imago (figs. 21–22). LENGTH (mm). Body: 9.; Forewings: 10; Hind wings: 1.9. Caudal filaments missing. General coloration white, with light yellow and dark brown area. Wings translucent. Head (Figs. 21–22). White with some dark brown and whitish yellow areas. Antenna with scape and flagellum whitish yellow, pedicel dark brown. Ocelli white, surrounded by black ring at base. Thorax. Pronotum whitish yellow, except medial and posterior margins blackish; with small dark brown spots submedially. Meso- and metanotum whitish yellow, with dark brown marks. Prosternum white; meso- and metasternum light brown. Pleura with membranous areas white; sclerotized areas grayish brown and dark brown. Legs. All legs white. Foreleg: femora with apical yellow band with basal area surrounded by dark brown line, and with submedian dark brown mark; tibiae with apical dark brown mark; tarsi whitish. Mid and hind legs similar to foreleg, except with less evident mark on hind tibia (Fig. 21). Wings. Membrane of wings hyaline, with dark brown mark at base; veins white. Forewing with four cross veins basal and 19 distal to bulla. Hind wings with 11 cross veins. Abdomen. Terga I–VI and IX–X yellowish white; distal half of tergum VII and tergum VIII whitish. Terga I–VII with stigmatic dots close to anterolateral margins; terga II–VI with sublateral mark near anterior margins; terga III–VII with central marks, forming circle increasing progressively towards tergum VII. Sterna V–VIII each with ventral dot near posterolateral margin. Apex of female sternum IX cleft, V-shaped. Caudal filaments broken and lost (Figs. 21–22). Female subimago. Similar to female imago, but with paler color and smaller body. Caudal filaments broken and lost. Nymph. Unknown. Biology. Specimens were collected at an altitude of 450 meters above sea level. The area belongs to a state conservation park, but the surroundings of the park and the river itself are impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as farming, and the river is subject to degradation and silting to the extent that it can prevent the availability of food, ideal substrate and other resources for the species. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is a reference to Alegre, the name of the municipality where the species was found. This name is used in apposition. Distribution. Brazil, Espírito Santo: Alegre (Fig. 23). Material examined. Brazil, Espírito Santo: Holotype: Alegre, Parque Estadual da Cachoeira da Fumaça, Rio Grande, 20º 37’ 52.2’’ S / 41º 36’ 12.9’’ W, 450 m, 28.v.2011, 1 ♂ imago; Paratypes: same data, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ imago and 1 ♀ subimago. Discussion. The new species has an abdominal coloration commonly found in several species of Thraulodes, with some segments whitish or translucent. This can be found in species such as T. calori Campos & Mariano in Campos & Mariano (2019); T. sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano & Pinheiros in Lima et al. (2013); T. rodrigoi Boldrini, Dantas & Lima in Boldrini et al. (201); and T. sinuosus Mariano & Flowers in Mariano et al. (2011). Among the species in the genus, T. alegre sp. nov. appears more similar to T. bonito because both have similar marks on the first abdominal segments. However, in T. alegre sp. nov., these marks are rectangular and are located near the posterior margins of terga II–VI; whereas in T. bonito these marks are diffuse, poorly defined and are located medially on terga II–VI. Furthermore, the genitalia of these two species are distinct: in the new species the penes and spines are longer than that in T. bonito (see Figure 5 in Gonçalves et al. 2013 and Figures 1 and 19 of the present study).

Thraulodes itatiajanus Traver & Edmunds, 1967 (Figs. 1���10 and 24���25) Diagnosis. Male imago (adapted from Dom��nguez et al. 2006): 1) forewing with 3���4 cross veins basal to bulla; 2) costal and subcostal area of forewing tinted yellowish; 3) all legs with reddish brown apical band on femur; 4) abdominal color pattern of terga II���VI yellowish translucent, terga VII���X pink; large submedian mark near anterior margin of terga III and IV, reduced to one line in tergum II and replaced by a series of dark dots on terga V���VI; terga II���VII with stigmatic dots and darker mark near on terga III���VII; 5) sterna I���VIII with a pair of ventral dots, sterna II���VIII with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially (Fig. 9); 6) penes very slender and recurved fold present only on the basal half (Fig. 10). Female imago: 1) forewings with 4���7 cross veins basal and 1 ���20 distal to bulla (Fig. 4a); 2) all legs with reddish brown apical band on femora and tibiae with dark brown mark in the apical region (Fig. 3); 3) terga I���X reddish brown and light brown, terga I���VI with white transverse band close to the posterior margin, reduced to a line in terga VII���VIII, posterior margin of terga II���IX dark brown (Figs. 1���2); 4) general color of the sterna yellowish; translucent after oviposition, sterna I���VII with a pair of ventral dots, sterna II���VII with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially (Figs. 5���6). Nymph (adapted from Da-Silva 2003): 1) abdominal color pattern of terga dark brown on anterior margins and light brown on posterior margins, terga IX and X with dark brown mark medially close to the posterior margin; 2) general color of the sterna light brown, sterna I���VII with a pair of ventral dots, sterna II���VII with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially (Figs. 7 ���); 3) all legs with median and apical brown marks on femur; 3) abdominal gills grayish, broad and tapering toward the apex, main trachea strongly pigmented and unbranched. Description. Female imago (Figs. 1���6): LENGTHS (mm). Body: 10.0���11.0; Forewings: 13.2���13.3; Hind wings: 1.9; Fore leg: 5.7; Mid leg: 5.1; Hind leg: 6.9; Caudal filaments broken and lost. General color reddish brown. Wings translucent. Head. Reddish brown, with dark brown and light brown areas. Antenna with scape and flagellum light brown, pedicellus dark brown. Ocelli yellow, surrounded by black ring; region between ocelli reddish brown. Compound eye dark brown (Figs. 1���2). Thorax. Pronotum whitish with anterior and posterior margins dark brown; stained with reddish brown medially and submedially; meso- and metanotum brown, with light to dark brown marks. Posterior area of mesonotum white, with apex dark brown (Figs. 1���2). Pro-, meso- and metasternum white with central mark black. Mesosternum with light brown sublateral band. Pleura with membranous areas whitish; sclerotized areas reddish brown and dark brown. Legs (Fig. 3): All legs light yellow. Fore femur with apical reddish brown band extending to distal half, basal margin of band dark brown, ventral surface with submedian dark brown mark; tibia with apical, thin, dark brown mark; tarsi light yellow, except for distal half of last tarsal segment and claw dark brown. Mid and hind legs similar to foreleg, except by absence of submedian dark brown mark on femur and by reddish brown band on apical third. Wings: Membrane of wings hyaline with dark brown stain at base; veins brown. Forewing with 4���7 cross vein basal and 1 ���20 distal to bulla (Fig. 4a). Hind wing with 13���15 cross veins (Fig. 4b). Abdomen (Figs. 1���2). Terga I���X reddish brown and light brown. Terga I���VIII with white transverse band close to posterior margin, reduced to line on terga VII���VIII; posterior margin of terga II���IX dark brown. Pleura yellowish, with small dark brown stigmatic dots and longitudinal whitish band above pleural fold on II���IX. Sterna yellowish (Fig. 5), translucent after oviposition (Fig. 6); sterna I���VII with pair of ventral dots, sterna II���VII with curved row of two small dark dots nearly meeting medially (Figs. 5���6). Apex of female sternum IX cleft, V-shaped, varying from deep (Fig. 5) to shallow (Fig. 6). Variations. One specimen showed color patterns lighter due to the alcohol fixation period. Life cycle associations. The association with the female described is based on one female nymph reared to subimago and then to imago. Furthermore, the female nymph and imago has dots, especially on sterna similar to the description of the male adult and nymph (Figs. 5���9). Biology. T. itatiajanus have been found at sites between 300���2000 meters above sea level (Da-Silva 2003; Salles et al. 2010 and present study) and the nymphs analyzed in the present study were found on stone and gravel substrates. Distribution. Rio de Janeiro and Esp��rito Santo. New records for Esp��rito Santo and Minas Gerais (Fig. 23). Material examined. Brazil, Esp��rito Santo, Ibitirama, Capara�� National Park, Rio Pedra Roxa, 20�� 23��� 4.1��� S / 41�� 44��� 08.1��� W, 1063 m, 20.iv.2008, Ceunes leg., 5 ♀ imagos and 3 nymphs; Minas Gerais, Alto Capara��, Capara�� National Park, Rio S��o Domingos (EVA), 20�� 28��� 19.5��� S / 41�� 49��� 41.7��� W, 1972 m, 28.iii.2018, len��ol, 2 ♀ imagos; Espera Feliz, Capara�� National Park, Pedra Menina (Base), 20�� 37��� 30.3��� S / 41�� 49��� 27.1��� W, 4 m, 14-15.ii.2016, uv light pan trap, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ imagos. Discussion. Many species of the genus have description of the female imago (e.g., T. alapictus Mariano & Lima in Lima et al. 2013; T. amanda Mariano & Froehlich in Mariano et al. 2011; T. bonito Gon��alves, Da-Silva & Nessimian in Gon��alves et al. 2013; and T. pinga Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian in Souto et al. 2014). The female of T. itatiajanus is similar to the female of T. alapictus due to the general color pattern, large body length and marks on the legs, mainly on the tibiae with an apical mark and tarsi with the last tarsal segment and claw tinged with dark marks. However, the female of T. itatiajanus is easily distinguished from T. alapictus by the following characteristics: T. alapictus has abdomen color dark brown without translucent segments, sterna without marks and legs color pattern without band; while T. itatiajanus has translucent segments (after oviposition), sterna II���VI with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially, and femur of all legs with an apical band., Published as part of Raymundo, Thayna Da Silva, Almeida, Ta��s Barbosa, Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C. & Salles, Frederico Falc��o, 2021, Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Esp��rito Santo state, Brazil, pp. 7-20 in Zootaxa 5076 (1) on pages 8-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5763229, {"references":["Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5, 349 - 395.","Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. D. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Vol. 2. Sofia-Moscow, Bulgaria, pp. 1 - 646.","Da-Silva, E. R. (2003) Ninfas de Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de janeiro, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 3, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032003000200006","Salles, F. F., Nascimento, J. M. C., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Barcelos-Silva, P., Rudio, J. A. & Boldrini, R. (2010) First survey of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from Espirito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 10 (1), 293 - 307. [https: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 10 n 1 / pt / abstract? inventory + bn 02610012010] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032010000100025","Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2","Mariano, R., Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G. (2011) Four new species, a new synonymy and new record for Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology, 47 (4), 3 7 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2011044","Goncalves, I. G., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2013) Thraulodes bonito sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3669 (2), 153 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.2.6","Souto, P. M., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2014) Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 3760 (4), 571 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.4.6"]}

De Oliveira, Laura A., Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Couceiro, Sheyla R. M. (2021): A new species of Tricorythopsis Traver, 1958 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from Pará state, Brazil. Zootaxa 5023 (1): 131-141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5023.1.8

Tricorythopsis similis sp. nov. (Figs 2–5) Diagnosis. Nymph: 1) maxillary palp 1-segmented (Fig. 4E); 2) segment II of labial palpi shorter than segment I and longer than segment III (Fig. 4F); 3) femora and tibiae with margins covered by long and pectinate setae (Figs 5A–D); 4) tarsal claws with 4 to 5 marginal denticles and 4+2 very small, submarginal denticles (Fig. 5E); 5) abdominal terga III–VII with acute, serrated tubercles medially located on posterior margins (Figs 2A–C, 3C); 6) transversal line of operculate gill absent (Fig. 3D). Mature nymph. Length: body, 2.3 mm; antenna, 0.7 mm; mesonotum, 0.8 mm; caudal filaments broken. Body robust, base of the abdomen wider than the apex (Fig. 2A). General coloration yellowish brown, with blackish and purplish marks irregularly distributed. Head. Yellowish brown, with few, blackish marks irregularly distributed. Tubercles absent. Eyes and ocelli blackish (Figs 2A–B; 3A). Antennae: scape and pedicel whitish yellow, flagellomeres grayish translucent on basal half and whitish translucent on distal half. Mouthparts yellowish translucent (Figs 3B; 4A–G). Labrum broad, with shallow anteromedial emargination; with pores distributed on basal 1/4 (Fig. 4A). Hypopharynx as in Figure 4B. Mandible: basal half with purplish marks irregularly distributed; incisors and molars dark brown (Figs 4C–D); basal 3/5 with spaced pores. Maxilla with pectinate setae at the apex; palp 1-segmented, approximately 2.5 times longer than wide, with a terminal seta (Fig. 4E). Labium with spaced pores; glossa not fused, with filiform setae; paraglossa with filiform setae; segment II of labial palp shorter than segment I and longer than segment III (Fig. 4F); lateral margin of submentum with short, filiform setae (Fig. 4F). Thorax. Yellowish brown, with blackish marks irregularly distributed and with purplish marks near medial line (Figs 2A–B; 3A). Pronotum without tubercles; anterolateral corner projected and rounded (Fig. 3A). Mesonotum with a pair of small anterolateral tubercles; with a pair of slightly developed submedial humps near apex of forewing pads (Fig. 3A). Developing wings with dark gray veins; internal margin blackish basally. Legs. General coloration yellowish white, with purplish and grayish marks; dorsal surface of femora with circular, whitish marks irregularly distributed (Figs 5A–D). Coxae projections absent. Femora almost 1.5 times longer than wide. Femora and tibiae with margins covered by long and pectinate setae. Fore femur with a transversal row of long, pectinate setae on submedial region of the dorsal surface. Tarsal claws (Fig. 5E) almost entirely yellowish white, except by apical region yellowish brown; with 4 to 5 marginal denticles and 4+2 very small, submarginal denticles; with apical seta. Abdomen. Terga yellowish brown, with blackish marks; segments VII–IX with a paired sublateral, transversal, blackish strip (Figs 2A–C; 3C). Sterna whitish yellow. Segments III–IX with lateral margins expanded; segments VI–IX with posterolateral projections bordered with thin setae (projection less developed on segment VI) (Figs 2C; 3C). Terga III–VII with acute, serrated tubercles medially located on posterior margins; tubercle slightly shorter on tergum III (Figs 2A–C; 3C). Gills. Operculate gills yellowish brown, with purplish or grayish marks; oval, almost 1.4 times longer than wide; reaching the segment VII (Figs 2A–C; 3C–D). Ventral lamellae without fringed lobes, without ridges. Transversal line of operculate gill absent. Caudal filaments yellowish brown, with short setae at segment joints. Adults. Unknown Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin word meaning alike. It is in reference to the general similarity of this species and T. rondoniensis. Habitat. Nymphs of Tricorythopsis similis sp. nov. were collected in two slow-flowing rivers (with width varying to 6–12 m) and associated to marginal vegetation in sections exposed to sunlight (Figs 1D–E). Material examined. HOLOTYPE. Mature nymph, Brazil, Pará state, Santarém, Ponte do Juá stream, 02°26’41”S; 54°47’21”W; 06.xii.2019, Santos SE col. (INPA-EPH 028). PARATYPE. Nymph (parts on slide), Brazil, Pará, Mojuí dos Campos, Mojuí dos Caboclos stream, 02°42’03”S; 54°41’01”W, 05.vii.2020, Oliveira LA col. (INPA-EPH 029).

Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) Thyrsopelma jeteri Py-Daniel et al. 2005: 465 –471. Holotype: female extracted from pupa and its pupal exuviae. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State, Barracão municipality, Espigão Alto locality, Arroio Marmeleiro; 2.ix.1988, (Py-Daniel, V., Darwich, S., Mardini, L. & Barbosa, U.C) (INPA n° 6284) (not examined). Simulium jeteri; Hamada et al. 2006, Couceiro et al. 2014. Simulium (Thyrsopelma) jeteri; Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias 2007: 685; Coscarón et al. 2008: 48. Simulium (Trichodagmia) jeteri; Shelley et al. 2010: 432; Hernández 2011: 137; Adler & Crosskey 2008–2018 [Inventory]. Redescription. Male (Figs 2A, 3 A–F, 4A–H, 5A–F, 15A–C). Body covered with silver pruinosity; generally dark brown. Body length (neck to abdominal tip) = 1.9–2.3 mm (n = 5); thorax, lateral length (neck to anterior region of hind wing articulation) = 0.7–0.73 mm (n = 5). Wing length (2.0– 2.2 mm), width (0.9–1.1 mm) (n = 3). Head. Antenna (Fig. 4G) of 11 articles with silver pruinosity; length = 0.3–0.4 mm (n = 3); scape yellowish brown, pedicel, and flagellomere dark brown. Eye brown. Clypeus with silver pruinosity. Palpus (Fig. 4H): palpomere III dark brown, palpomere IV brown and palpomere V whitish brown; palpomere V about 3.8–4.2 times as long as palpomere III and 2.9–3.2 times as long as palpomere IV; sensory vesicle small, spherical, approximately 1/5 length of palpomere III (n = 6). Thorax. Scutum with general coloration dark brown; with recumbent, thick, golden hairs (easily removed) (Figs 3 A–F). Scutal pattern varying slightly with incident light. With anterior light incidence (Figs 3A, B): anterior region with 1 + 1 silver marks, subrectangular (best seeing without hairs). With posterior light incidence (Figs 3C, D): anterior region with 1 + 1 silver marks, subrectangular (best seeing without hairs); posterior margin silver. Anepisternum and katepisternum grayish, with silver pruinosity. Scutellum orangish brown, with erect golden hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown, with silver pruinosity. Wing: costa with spine-like setae among hairlike setae; Sc mostly bare, 1/6 basal with 3–5 hair-like setae; R with hair-like setae along entire length; distal ¼ with spine-like setae (Fig. 4A). Halter whitish, with base dark brown. Foreleg (Fig. 4B): coxa, trochanter and femur brown, except by distal region of femur dark brown; tibia, basitarsus and tarsomeres dark brown. Middle and hind legs with similar color pattern (Figs 4C, D): coxae, trochanters and femora brown, tibiae brown, except by proximal regions yellowish brown; basitarsi whitish brown, except by distal regions dark-brown; tarsomeres dark brown. Femora with abundant, filiform and narrow, scale-like setae (Figs 4E, F). Abdomen. Basal fringe with long, thin, brownish and blackish brown hairs; tergites brown, lateral areas of tergites II and V–VII with silver pruinosity. Gonocoxite and gonostylus (Figs 5A, B, D) dark brown, except proximal region of gonocoxite translucent brown; gonostylus and distal region of gonocoxite covered with long, thick, brownish setae; in ventral view gonocoxite wider than long; gonostylus approximately 2.5 times longer than basal width and 2.8 times longer than gonocoxite length; gonostylus with one stout spine at apex. Ventral plate (Figs 5C, 15 A–C): main body subrectangular, about 1.5 times wider than long, concave posteriorly; shoulder developed, approximately as long as the main body of the ventral plate; median projection developed and covered with thin setae; in dorsal view (Fig. 5C), base of median projection inserted medially, represented by small, rounded, invaginated region (arrow); in ventral view (Fig. 15A), median projection longer than wide, with distal region enlarged and rounded, ventral keel evident; in lateral view (Fig. 15B), median projection elongated, rounded apex, with similar width along entire length, except base abruptly constricted, region below median projection with well-marked crenulations; in ventral view (with apex tilted dorsally) (Fig. 15C) median projection club-shaped, with a ventral keel on basal half (arrow). Median sclerite rectangular, with a deep incision medially (Fig. 5F). Paramere without spines; aedeagal membrane with spicules (Fig. 5E). Female (Figs 2B, 6 A–D, 7A–D, 8A–E, 9A–G). Body covered with silver pruinosity; generally grayish. Body length (neck to abdominal tip) = 2.5–2.7 mm (n = 4); thoracic lateral length (neck to anterior region of hind wing articulation) 0.72 = 0.9–1.1 mm (n = 3). Wing length (2.3–2.5 mm), width (1.1–1.3 mm) (n = 3). Head. Antenna (Fig. 7D) of 11 articles with silver pruinosity; length = 0.4–0.6 mm (n = 3); scape and pedicel yellowish brown; flagellomere light brown. Eye grayish brown. Frons about 1.7 times as long as wide (Fig. 6D), dark gray, with silver pruinosity; fronto-ocular suture absent; nudiocular area weakly developed (Fig. 7A). Maxillary palp (Fig. 7C): palpomere III dark brown, palpomere IV brown and palpomere V light brown; palpomere V about 2.0–2.3 times as long as palpomere III, 4.0–4.3 times as long as palpomere IV; sensory vesicle small, spherical, approximately 1.8 as long as palpomere III. Mandible with 4–7 weak external serrations and 27–33 internal teeth (n = 6). Lacinia with 27–31 retrorse teeth (n = 6). Cibarium with sclerotized cornuae, medial area with small teeth (Fig. 7B). Thorax. Scutum dark gray; with recumbent golden hairs (Figs 6 A–D). Anepisternum and katepisternum grayish, with silver pruinosity. Scutellum grayish brown, with long, thick, erect, golden and black hairs posteriorly. Postnotum black with silver pruinosity. Wing: costa with spine-like setae among hair-like setae; Sc with thick setae along length, except distal region bare; R with hair-like setae along entire length, distal ¼ with spine-like setae (Fig. 7A). Halter whitish, with dark brown base. Foreleg (Fig. 7B): coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish brown, except by distal region of tibia dark brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres blackish. Middle and hind legs with similar color pattern (Figs 7C, D): coxa and trochanter yellowish brown; femur brown, except distal region dark brown; tibia whitish, except distal region dark brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres dark brown. Hind legs with calcipala as long as wide, not reaching pedisulcus (Fig. 7B), pedisulcus deeply excised. Tarsal claws untoothed (Fig. 7F). Abdomen: Basal fringe with long, thin, brown and blackish brown hairs; tergites dark gray, distal margins lighter, laterally with silver pruinosity. Cercus, in lateral view (Fig. 9C), wider than long, with long, brown setae. Anal lobe, in lateral view (Fig. 9C), sclerotized, with long brown setae; distal projection membranous, bell-shaped, almost as wide as long, short, with thin, short golden hairs; in ventrolateral view (Fig. 9D), with distal projection subtriangular, longer than wide; in posteroventral view (in situ, after clearing as in Fig. 9A, and partially dissected as in Fig. 9B), distal projection medially directed; inner margin concave medially, forming 2 projections internally folded: one less prominent, rounded, and one longer, subtriangular. Hypogynial valves widely separated (Fig. 9F), unsclerotized, rounded apically, with microtrichia. Genital fork (Fig. 9E) with stem longer than lateral arms, slightly expanded apically; lateral arms forming broad U at junction with stem, rectangular distally; anteriorly directed apodeme well developed. Spermatheca (Fig. 9G) subspherical, with cuticular microspines; spermathecal duct unpigmented. Pupa (additional information) (Figs 10 A–C, 11). Cocoon dorsal length 2–3 mm (n = 8); ventral length 2.3–3.1 mm (n = 8); pupa lateral length 2.3–2.8 mm (n = 8). Cocoon aperture not high (anterior region only slightly elevated and thorax not exposed), with anterior rim thickened; cocoon partially covering the gills (Fig. 10A). Gill (Figs 10 A–C) with 15 grayish, short, rigid, robust filaments; filaments entirely covered with microspicules distributed in annular arrangement; filaments acuminated and strongly sclerotized apically; main trunk short, giving rise to five sets of primary branches: one anterior with three filaments, one anterolateral with two filaments, one external with two filaments, one internal and one posterior both with four filaments each; filaments branching at different heights and subequal in length, basal fenestra not evident. Abdomen tergite I brownish, strongly sclerotized; abdominal segment II with anterior region sclerotized (Fig. 11). Larva (last-instar) (additional information): (Figs 12A, B; 13A, B; 14 A–C). Body length 4.5–5.7 mm (n = 8); head capsule lateral length 0.5–0.63 mm (n = 8). Body coloration generally grayish green to reddish brown, whitish ventrally (Figs 12A, B). Head capsule yellowish brown, some areas whitish (Figs 13A, B; 14 A–C). Postgenal cleft with brownish or greenish pigment (Figs 14A, B); subesophageal ganglion pigmented (Figs 14A, B). Ventral tubercles absent. Bionomics. Immature stages of S. jeteri were collected in streams located on Atlantic Forest domain ranging from 2–50m in width (Figs 1 A–C). At the sampling sites, the streambed was composed of sand, boulders, and bedrock. Larvae and pupae were collected mainly on submerged trunks, branches and leaves, where the water current was very fast. In the sampled sites, S. jeteri was collected in sympatry with Simulium orbitale Lutz, 1910 and Simulium itaunense d’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. We have no information on the female feeding habits of this species; it was not collected biting humans during field work. More bionomic information is in the original description (Py-Daniel et al. 2005). Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State. São Marcos municipality, São Marcos River (29°02’04.9”S; 51°05’11.4”W), 07.IX.2004 and 10.V.2006, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols; Jaquirana municipality, Antas River (28°30’11.7”S; 50°10’32”W), 09.IX.2004, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols; Cambará do Sul municipality, Venâncios’s waterfalls (29°0’37”S; 50°9’11”W), 09.IX.2004, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols: (6 larvae and 6 pupae on slides, 4 larvae and 4 pupae in ethanol, 3 male and 3 female pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerine—INPA). Brasil, Santa Catarina State. Tangará municipality, Leão River (27°19’54”S; 51°19’21”W), 18.IX.2011, Hamada, N. col (4 larvae and 4 pupae on slides, 4 larvae and 4 pupae in ethanol—INPA)., Published as part of Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Hamada, Neusa, Pepinelli, Mateus & Mardini, Lúcia B. L. F., 2019, Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae), pp. 249-266 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 251-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2601172, {"references":["Py-Daniel, V., Darwich, S. M. L., Mardini, B., Strieder, M. N. & Coscaron, S. (2005) Simuliidae (Diptera, Culicomorpha) no Brasil XII sobre o genero Thyrsopelma Enderlein, 1934: descricao de T. jeteri sp. n., consideracoes sobre o cibario e chave para as pupas. Acta Amazonica, 35, 463 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0044 - 59672005000400011","Hamada, N., Pepinelli, M. & Mardini, L. B. L. F. (2006) Simulideos: Programa Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: chave para identificacao de pupas da familia Simuliidae (Diptera: Nematocera) para apoio as pesquisas regionais e municipais na determinacao das especies. 1. ed. Porto Alegre: Centro Estadual de Vigilancia em Saude (CEVS), 40 pp.","Couceiro, S. R. M., Hamada, N., Sagot, L. B. & Pepinelli, M. (2014) Black-fly assemblage distribution patterns in streams in disturbed areas in southern Brazil. Acta Tropica, 140, 26 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2014.07.018","Coscaron, S. & Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2007) Neotropical Simuliidae (Diptera: Insecta). in: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda- Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 3. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 685.","Coscaron, S., Coscaron-Arias, C. L. & Papavero, N. (2008) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Simuliidae. Neotropical Diptera, 2, 1 - 90.","Shelley, A. J., Hernandez, L. M., Maia-Herzog, M., Luna Dias, A. P. A., & Garritano, P. R. (2010) The Blackflies of Brazil (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Adis, J., Arias, J., Golovatch, S., Mantzev, K. M., Rueda-Delgado, G., Dominguez, E. & Pensoft (Eds.), \" Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin Americ a (ABLA Series) \", Bulgaria, 6, pp. 814.","Hernandez, L. M. T. (2011) Systematics of the blackfly subgenus Trichodagmia Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in the New World. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL."]}

Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Hamada, Neusa, Pepinelli, Mateus, Mardini, Lúcia B. L. F. (2019): Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa 4563 (2): 249-266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.2

Leptohyphes cornutus Allen Leptohyphes cornutus Allen 1967: 357; Molineri 2003: 55; Dias et al. (2007 a): 215; Dom��nguez et al. (2006): 269. Material examined. Holotype slides (FAMU) from Brazil, rio Irany (?), iv. 1963, F. Plaumann (Irani river is located near Nova Teutonia in Santa Catarina state). Additional material: 1 nymph (CZNC), Brazil, SANTA CATARINA, Passos Maia, Rio Chapecozinho, S 26 �� 46 ' 1.66 " / W 51 �� 49 ' 49.79 ", 1031 m.a.s.l., 13 /iii/ 2009, F. Salles, E. Raimundi cols.; 2 immature nymphs from Argentina, Misiones, Uruz�� stream, S 25 ���� 51 29 / W 54 �� 10 10, 322m, 17.i. 2004, E. Dominguez col (IBN); 2 nymphs (1 nearly mature) and 1 nymphal exuviae (reared male) same locality (IBN), 23���25 /XI/ 1998, Dom��nguez et al. cols.; 2 immature nymphs (IBN) same locality, 7���11.xii. 1999, C. Molineri; and 2 immature nymphs (IBN) from Misiones, Parque Provincial Esmeralda, S 26 �� 38 47.8 / W 53 �� 59 54.9, 478 m, 23.xi. 2009, E. Dominguez & C. Nieto cols. Diagnosis (Table 1). i) paired tubercles on head (2 pairs), pronotum (two pairs, one very small), and mesonotum (two pairs), abdominal terga without paired tubercles nor remnants of them (in some nymphs a posteromedial small hump is present in terga VII���VIII), and abdominal terga IV���VIII present a pair of sublateral blunt spines; ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 1.4 (very immature) to 1.8 (mature); iii) fore margin of middle and hind femora without spines, hind margin (in mature or nearly mature nymphs) with 4 (middle femur) to 20 (hind femur) rounded and stout spine-like setae on elevated sockets, hind femur with outer apex strongly projected (not so strongly in mature nymphs) bearing 1 or 2 distal spines; iv) tarsal claws denticulation 4 (immature) to 11 (mature) marginal denticles and 1 subdistal submarginal denticle; v) middle coxa with acute projection on dorsum (in mature nymphs a smaller projection is also present in hind coxa); vi) hind wing pads present in females; vii) gill formula 3 / 10 / 8 / 8 / 5, gill V without ventral extension on dorsal lamella. Distribution. Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Santa Catarina, Goi��s, Minas Gerais (Araponga, Sao Paulo). Discussion. Molineri (2003) incorrectly listed a small nymph (slide IBN 608 CM) as L. cornutus, this nymph was collected from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 950 m, Nova Friburgo, municipal water supply, 20.iv. 1977, C.M. & O.S. Flint cols. (IBN). This very immature specimen presents the character states now associated with L. airuoca sp. nov., and thus it is listed and diagnosed under this species. As a consequence L. cornutus is no longer recorded from Rio de Janeiro state as listed in Molineri (2003), Dias et al. (2007 a) and Dom��nguez et al. (2006). Dias et al. (2007 a, b) recorded this species in Esp��rito Santo, S��o Paulo and Minas Gerais. We have not studied the material from Sao Paulo, and only partially that of Minas Gerais, thus we only can eliminate the record from Espirito Santo in the distributional list of this species. The nymphs of L. cornutus are readily distinguished from the other species described here by the presence of two pairs of tubercles in mesonotum (1 or 3 pairs in the others), and by the absence of median tubercles in abdominal terga (single or paired tubercles in the others) (Table 1). There is a possibility that some of the new species described here actually are the nymphal form of Leptohyphes mollipes Needham & Murphy (1924) only known from adults from a dubious locality in Brazil. Nevertheless we prefer to describe the new species because the adult stage of the genus presents very few characters of specific value, and thus species known only from adults are of restricted importance., Published as part of Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Molineri, Carlos & Salles, Frederico F., 2014, Redescription of Leptohyphes cornutus Allen, 1967 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) and description of three related new species, pp. 397-415 in Zootaxa 3893 (3) on pages 413-414, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3893.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/250141, {"references":["Allen, R. K. (1967) New Species of New World Leptohyphinae (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 99, 350 - 375. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 99350 - 4","Molineri, C. (2003) Revision of the South American species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) with a key to the nymphs. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 38, 47 - 70. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1076 / snfe. 38.1.47.14031","Dias, L. G., Molineri, C. & Ferreira, P. S. F. (2007 a) Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) do Brasil. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 47, 213 - 244.","Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, D. M. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America, Aquatic Biodiversity of Latin America. Pensoft Pulblishers, Bulgaria, 646 pp.","Dias, L. G., Salles, F. F., Polegatto, C. M., Silva, R. M. L. & Froehlich, C. G. (2007 b) Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) do Estado de Sao Paulo. Biota Neotropica, 7, 37 - 40. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032007000300004"]}

Leptohyphes cornutus Allen from Brazil (Santa Catarina) and Misiones, Argentina is re-studied from new material and newly diagnosed as follows: tubercles on head (two pairs), pronotum (two pairs, anterior pair very small), and mesonotum (two pairs), abdominal terga without paired tubercles, nor remnants of them; fore femur length/maximum width, 1.4?1.8; tarsal claws denticulation 4?11+1; hind wing pads present in females; gill formula 3/10/8/8/5. Three new species are described from the nymphal stage: 1) Leptohyphes airuoca sp. nov. from Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) characterized by: i) two paired tubercles on head, two pairs on pronotum, and one pair on mesonotum, abdominal terga VI?IX with single medial tubercle projecting from hind margin; ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 1.7?2.0; iii) tarsal claws denticulation 4+0; iv) hind wing pads absent in female; v) gill formula 3/9/9/7/6. 2) Leptohyphes cornutillus sp. nov. from Espirito Santo (Brazil), with: i) paired tubercles on head (two pairs), pronotum (two pairs, anterior pair very small), and mesonotum (three pairs), abdominal terga with remnants of paired tubercles on hind margin (blunt and short undulations in dorsal view); ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 2.1?2.3; iii) tarsal claws denticulation 6+1; iv) hind wing pads present in females; v) gill formula 3/11/9/9/6. And 3) Leptohyphes nebulosus sp. nov. from Espirito Santo (Brazil), with: i) two paired tubercles on head, one pair on pronotum, and one pair on mesonotum, abdominal terga VI?VII with paired submedian tubercles on hind margin; ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 1.6; iii) tarsal claws denticulation 5+1; iv) hind wing pads present in females; v) gill formula 3/9/9/9/6. Fil: Nascimento, Jeane M. C.. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Divisão de Curso de Entomologia; Brasil Fil: Molineri, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Tucuman. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina Fil: Salles, Frederico F.. Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo; Brasil

Leptohyphes cornutillus sp. nov. (Figs. 6���9 and 14) Material examined. HOLOTYPE, male mature nymph, BRAZIL, Esp��rito Santo, Domingos Martins, Megalcinho, 30 /iii/ 2010, S 20 ˚ 15 ��� 0.6 ��� / W 40 ˚ 43 ��� 26.9 ���, 622m, Salles FF leg. (INPA). PARATYPE, 1 female mature nymph (parts on slide), same data as holotype (CZNC). Mature nymph. Length of male: body, 5.0 mm; hind femur, 1.5 mm; caudal filaments, 4.0 mm. Length of female (mm): body, 8.2 mm; hind femur, 2.0 mm; caudal filaments, 4.5 mm. General coloration brownish, almost completely shaded with black (Figs 6, 7). Head (Fig. 7 A) with two pairs of tubercles, a submedian smaller and sublateral longer and pointed; clypeus well developed and subquadrate. Gena (Fig. 7 A) strongly projected. Mouth parts (Fig. 8). Labrum (Fig. 8 A): with an anteromedial marked indentation on fore margin. Labium (Fig. 8 C): submentum with pointed and projected anterolateral corner; glossae shorter than paraglossae; labial palp with basal segment three times the length of segment two, apical segment subequal in length to segment two. Hypopharynx (Fig. 8 D): lingua with short and strong setae. Maxillae (Fig. 8 B): maxillary palp three-segmented with setae at joints, suture on galea and lacinea complete. Mandibles (Fig. 8 E, F): left mandible with fused and strong incisives, both mandibles with a dense row of setae on dorsolateral surface; prostheca reduced (left), or absent (right). Thorax. Pronotum subrectangular with two pairs of sublateral tubercles, a large and pointed tubercle near hind margin and a smaller blunt anterolateral tubercle. Mesonotum with three pairs of tubercles: a short sublateral pair on fore margin, a longer and acute sublateral pair at 1 / 3 from anterior margin and a submedian pair of tubercles at apex of wing pads. Mesonotum with blunt anterolateral projection. Hind wing pad present in both sexes, small. Thoracic sterna paler than terga. Legs: brownish yellow shaded with black, except on apex of tibia and tarsi, tarsi brownish. Fore leg (Fig. 9 A): femur ratio length/maximum width 2.1���2.3; transversal row of seven stout spines at 1 / 3 from base; fore margin bare, hind margin with five stout spines (on elevated sockets) distally to transversal row; apex of femur medially and dorsally projected. Tibia subequal in length to femur with row of setae on inner margin; tarsus half the length of tibia with row of setae on inner margin, dorsum with elevated ridge; tarsal claw (Fig. 9 C) apically curved with six marginal denticles and one subapical submarginal denticle. Middle and hind legs (Figs. 9 B): coxae with short semicircular dorsal projection; hind femur ratio length/maximum width 2.2; with dorsally row of six blunt spines at base, fore margin bare, hind margin with ten stout spines on elevated sockets, dorsal surface with three stout spines at the middle; dorsomedial projection on apex of femur more pronounced than fore leg. Tibia 1.2 x the length of femur, with dorsal ridge, inner margin with strong setae; hind margin with 2���3 strong setae basally and weaker setae distally. Tarsus 0.4 x the length of femur, inner margin with setae, tarsal claw as in fore leg. Abdomen (Fig. 7 B) with strong spines and weak setae on dorsum. Lateral margins of segments III���VI expanded forming pointed flanges; segment VII and VIII strongly expanded laterally. Terga with a pair of blunt submedian projection on hind margin. Posterolateral spines on segments V���IX (flange on IV is also somewhat pointed resembling a posterolateral spine). Abdominal sternum IX with distal V-shaped indentation (female). Gills: operculate gill on abdominal segment II yellowish translucent almost completely shaded with black on dorsum, except medially and along distal margin, ventrally with strong basal spine and two long and pointed lamellae; other gills whitish almost completely shaded with black. Gill formula 3 / 11 / 9 / 9 / 6. Caudal filaments completely covered with blunt scattered setae, and with a whorl of strong spines at the segment joint after every fourth segment. Adults. unknown. Diagnosis (Table 1). i) paired tubercles on head (2 pairs), pronotum (2 pairs, anterior pair very small), and mesonotum (3 pairs), abdominal terga with remnants of paired tubercles on hind margin (blunt and short undulations in dorsal view) (Figs. 6, 7); ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 2.1���2.3 (Fig. 9 A); iii) fore margin of middle and hind femora without spines, hind margin with 5 rounded and stout spine-like setae on elevated sockets (Figs. 9 B, C); iv) tarsal claws denticulation 6 + 1 (Fig. 9 C); v) middle and hind coxa only with short semicircular projection on dorsum (Figs. 9 B, C); vi) hind wing pads present in females; vii) gill formula 3 / 11 / 9 / 9 / 6, gill V without ventral extension on dorsal lamella. Etymology. From cornutus, given the similarity with L. cornutus, and the diminutive suffix ilus. An allusion to the smaller size of the tubercles of the new species. Distribution. Brazil (Esp��rito Santo). Discussion. L. cornutillus is similar to L. cornutus, but they can be differentiated by the presence of three paired tubercles on mesonotum of the first species (L. cornutus shows two pairs), and by the absence of coxal projection in L. cornutillus (character shared with L. airuoca) (Table 1). The form of mandibles in L. cornutillus, with very short canines (Figs. 8 E, F), somewhat resembles those of L. mandibulus Baumgardner (2007), but this Central American species does not present tubercles on body, among other important differences. As stated by Baumgardner (2007), the short canines could be as a result of wear and tear, but we discard this probability because other mouthparts do not show any mark related with wear and tear (Arens 1990)., Published as part of Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Molineri, Carlos & Salles, Frederico F., 2014, Redescription of Leptohyphes cornutus Allen, 1967 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) and description of three related new species, pp. 397-415 in Zootaxa 3893 (3) on pages 402-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3893.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/250141, {"references":["Baumgardner, D. E. (2007) New species of Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera) from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 109, 416 - 426.","Arens, W. (1990) Wear and tear of mouthparts: a critical problem in stream animals feeding on epilithic algae. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 1896 - 1914. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 269"]}

Hermanella nigra, sp. nov. (Figs. 3���7) Diagnosis. Male imago: (1) forewing with costal and subcostal area black, longitudinal veins whitish; cross veins translucent (Figs. 3 A, B); (2) subgenital plate brown washed with gray, with wide projection near inner base of forceps (Figs. 3 D and 4 D); (3) penes divided on distal half, each lobe with a distomedial membranous projection (Fig. 4 D, E); (4) penis lobe with ventral, robust, posteriorly directed spine (Fig. 4 D); (5) general coloration of body dark orangish brown (Figs. 3 A, B). Nymph (Figs. 5 A, B): (1) clypeus with lateral margin slightly concave; (2) galea-lacinia with a prominent tusk on inner apical angle (nearly 1 / 5 the apical width of galea-lacinia) (Fig. 6 C); (3) mandible without setae near basal articulation (Fig. 6 B); (4) plate-like gills, terminated in a finger like process (Fig. 5 C). Male imago. Length: body, 8.3���8.7 mm; forewing: 9.0��� 9.3 mm; hind wing: 1.4���1.6 mm. Head. Dorsal region brownish, with brown diffuse marks; ventral region whitish brown, slightly washed with black. Upper portion of compound eye brown, lower portion black; ocelli whitish, surrounded by black. Antenna. Scape brown, pedicel light brown washed with black, flagellum light brown translucent. Thorax. Pronotum brownish, margins black; with medial and submedial longitudinal black strip. Mesonotum brown, medioparapsidal and mediolongitudinal sutures yellow, antelateroparapsidal suture dark brown; scutellum and scuto-scutellar impression whitish. Metanotum brown washed with yellow, with medial, slender black strip; lateral margin black. Pleurae dark yellowish brown, strongly washed with black; membranous region lighter. Sterna brown, washed with black; prosternum with a narrow straight carina medially (Fig. 3 C). Wings. (Figs. 4 A��� C). Membrane hyaline. Forewing with costal and subcostal area black; longitudinal veins whitish and cross veins translucent; hind wing grayish brown at base; longitudinal veins yellowish; cross veins translucent. Legs. Coxae and trochanters yellowish brown washed with black. Leg I. Femur and tibia blackish brown; tarsus white. Legs II and III. Femora blackish brown, tibiae and tarsi white. Abdomen. Terga with lateral and posterior margins black; terga I���VI brown washed with black; VII���XI reddish brown; tergum X dark blackish brown. Abdominal sterna I���VI brown; VII���VIII yellowish brown washed with red, tergum IX brown washed with gray. Genitalia (Figs. 3 D and 4 D, E). Subgenital plate brown washed with gray, with wide projection near inner base of forceps. Forceps. Whitish, segment I with brown base; segment II 0.2 length of segment I, 1.8 length of segment III. Penes divided on distal half, each lobe with a distomedial membranous projection. Penis lobe with ventral, robust and posteriorly directed spine (Figs. 4 D, E); penis lobe whitish brown; spine orangish. Caudal filaments white, with apical margin of each segment black. Female subimago. Length: body, 8.4 mm; fore wing, 9.2 mm; hind wing, 1.3 mm. Color pattern similar to male imago except for the color lighter. Sternum IX cleft apically. Mature Nymph. Length: body, 6.8���7.2 mm; antenna, 2.9���3.5 mm; cerci, 6.2���6.8 mm; terminal filament, 8.6 ��� 9.0 mm. General coloration brown, female darker (Figs. 5 A, B). Head. Brown, area around compound eye yellow. Upper portion of male compound eye dark brown, lower portion black. Eye of female black. Antenna: scape and pedicel brown, flagellum light brown translucent. Clypeus with lateral margin lightly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.3 times maximum width of clypeus. Mouthparts (Figs. 6 A���E). Labrum (Fig. 6 A) brown, V-shaped anteromedial emargination; with dorsal proximal row of 14���16 long setae interrupted medially; numerous ventral setae directed obliquely to sagittal plane. Mandible (Fig. 6 B) apical half translucent, brown near incisors, basal half brown; incisors, prostheca and mola yellowish brown; outer margin of mandible strongly curved, forming a square angle; without setae near to basal articulation. Maxilla (Fig. 6 C). Galea-lacinia with a prominent tusk on inner apical angle (nearly 1 / 5 the apical width of galea-lacinia). Hypopharynx as in figure 6 D. Labium as in figure 6 E. Thorax. Terga brown, irregularly washed with black; apico-lateral angle of pronotum with 3 thick setae; pleura brown washed with black, membranous area white; sterna brown. Legs. Brown; coxae and trochanters washed with black. Leg I (Fig. 7 A). Femur with basal area yellowish, outer margin with long thin setae and long spine-like setae; tibia brown with basal and subapical band black, with few setae along outer margins and short spine-like setae in inner margin. Tarsi brown, with basal and apical band yellow. Legs II and III (Figs. 7 B, C) brown; femora with apical area black; tibia yellowish brown, with basal and subapical band dark brown; tarsi yellowish, with submedial brown band. Femur II and III with long thin setae and spine-like setae along outer margin; dorsal surface covered with few short spine-like setae. Tibia II and III with few short spine-like setae along inner margin and dorsal surface; with spine-like setae and long and thin setae along outer margin, spine-like setae absent in tibia II. Fore tarsal claws (Fig. 7 D) with denticles increasing in size toward apex; subapical denticle much larger than others, preceded by three short submarginal denticles. Abdomen. Terga dark brown. Sterna I���VI dark yellowish brown, sterna VII���IX dark brown. Plate-like gills, terminated in a finger like process, gray, with apical area and terminal filament translucent (Fig. 5 C). Caudal filaments brown, with apical margin of each segment black. Life cicle association. Male subimago extracted from pharate nymph. Etymology. From the Latin word niger, dark, black; with reference to the darker coloration of the new species. Material examined. Holotype: Male imago, Brazil, Esp��rito Santo State, Rio Bananal, Cachoeira de Angeli (S 19 �� 20 ' 59.1 '', W 40 �� 25 ' 17.5 ''), 66m, 28 /vii/ 2012, FF Salles, JMC Nascimento cols. (INPA). Paratypes: two male imagos and one subimago female (Pennsylvania), Brazil, Esp��rito Santo State, Nova Ven��cia, Patrim��nio do Bis (S 18 �� 33 ' 27.5 ", W 40 �� 20 ' 6.5 "), 20-21 /xi/ 2012 (one female and one male at CZNC; one male IBN). Comments. The imago of Hermanella nigra sp. nov. appears to be related to Hermanella thelma Needham & Murphy, 1924, sharing with this species the general predominance of black color in body parts as well the subgenital plate with broad projections. However, these two species can be easily distinguished from each other by the wing color pattern and shape of penis spine. According to Dom��nguez & Flowers (1989) the genus Hermanella is closely related to Hylister and Needhamella, and the main characteristics that distinguish Needhamella from Hermanella are: relatively wider prosternum in Needhamella; the medial projection on clypeus ��� present in Needhamella and absent in Hermanella; gills ending in a single finger-like process in Needhamella and gill with two lateral lobes and a digitiform apical projection in Hermanella; lateral apical denticles present on tarsal claws in Needhamella and absent in Hermanella; and smaller number of setae on dorsal surface of labrum in Needhamella. Lima et al. (2012), based on the shape of the gills and on the fact that the medial projection on the clypeus showed intraspecific variation in nymphs of N. ehrhardti examined by them, described a new species of Needhamella, N. mazama Nascimento, Mariano & Salles, 2012. Still according to Lima et al. (2012), the remaining diagnostic characteristics of Needhamella presented by Dom��nguez & Flowers (1989), and mentioned above, were considered of specific value and restricted to the type-species, N. ehrhardti. With the description of a second species with intermediate characters between Needhamella and Hermanella, i.e. gills ending in finger-like process (as in N. ehrhardti), but with prosternum narrow and lateral apical denticles absent on tarsal claws, we decided to maintain the generic diagnoses proposed by Dom��nguez & Flowers (1989) to the genus Needhamella. Therefore, it is necessary to transfer N. mazama to the genus Hermanella, as follows: Hermanella mazama (Nascimento, Mariano & Salles, 2012), new combination. We modified the key to male imago of South American species of Hermanella (Dom��nguez et al. 2006 pg. 392) to accommodate Hermanella amere sp. nov., Hermanella nigra sp. nov. and Hermanella mazama n. comb. Hermanella costalis (Nav��s, 1934), a species transferred with reservations to the genus (Peters et al. 2005), is also included. 1. Wings with maculae around cross veins (Fig. 2 A)........................................................... 2 ��� Wings without maculae around cross veins (Fig. 4 A)......................................................... 4 2 (1). Penis lobe with broad, lobe-like ventral projection (Fig. 2 E)................................................... 3 ��� Penis lobe with short, spine-like ventral projection (Dom��nguez et al. 2006, Fig. 144 J)........... Hermanella maculipennis 3 (2). Costal and subcostal area of forewing brown; abdomen yellowish brown, terga I, II, VIII���X heavily washed with black........................................................................................... Hermanella guttata ��� Costal and subcostal area of forewing orangish; abdomen yellowish, terga VII���IX orangish yellow..................................................................................................... Hermanella amere sp. nov. 4 (1). Styliger plate with paired projections (Fig. 4 D)............................................................. 5 ��� Styliger plate with blunt median protuberance (Peters et al. 2005, Fig. 14)........................ Hermanella costalis 5 (4). Styliger plate with wide projections (Fig. 4 D)............................................................. 6 ��� Styliger plate with slender projections (Peters et al. 2005, Fig. 14).............................................. 7 6 (5). Costal and subcostal area of forewing grayish brown; penis lobe with short, lobe-like ventral projection....................................................................................................... Hermanella thelma ��� Costal and subcostal area of forewing dark brown; penis lobe with robust, spine-like ventral projection (Figs. 4 D, E)...................................................................................... Hermanella nigra sp. nov. 7 (5). Costal and subcostal area of forewing tinged with orange brown............................................... 8 ��� Forewing completely hyaline.................................................... Hermanella mazama n. comb. 8 (7). Length of fore wings 9.5 to 10.0 mm; color pattern of abdomen as in Fig. 144 P (Dom��nguez et al. 2006)..................................................................................................... Hermanella grandis ��� Length of fore wings 6.8 to 8.7 mm; color pattern of abdomen as in Fig. 144 Q (Dom��nguez et al. 2006)..................................................................................................... Hermanella froehlichi, Published as part of Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C. & Salles, Frederico F., 2013, New species of Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 1-27 in Zootaxa 3718 (1) on pages 5-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/284980

Traverella insolita, sp. nov. (Figs. 13���17) Diagnosis. Male imago: (1) subgenital plate strongly projected posteriorly and fused medially, forming three broad and short projections (Fig. 14 D); (2) penis lobe divided on distal ��; (3) penis lobe laterally sinuous and apically rounded, with a ventral, long, narrow spine curved toward the midline of the body (Fig. 14 E); (4) abdomen with contrasting color pattern (segments II���VI translucent, segments I, and VIII���X brown and reddish brown, respectively, Figs. 13 A, B); (5) vein ICu 1 of forewings attached to vein CuA (Fig. 14 A). Nymph: (1) clypeus without a anteromedial projection (Figs. 15 A, B); (2) galea-lacinia with a prominent tusk on inner apical angle (nearly half of the apical width of galea-lacinia, Fig. 16 C); (3) mandible without dorsal row of setae, with 3���5 thick and short setae (Fig. 16 B); (4) gills gray, present on segments I���VII. Male imago. Length: body, 6.5 ���7.0 mm; forewing, 5.8���6.4 mm; hind wing, 1.0��� 1.3 mm. Head. Dorsal region yellowish brown with dark brown marks; ventral region whitish. Upper portion of compound eye orangish brown, lower portion black; ocelli whitish, surrounded by dark brown. Antenna. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellum light brown translucent. Thorax. Pronotum yellowish brown washed with dark gray, with medial strip, submedial mark and lateral margin black; mesonotum brown, except for mediolongitudinal, medioparapsidal and lateroparapsidal sutures yellowish, scuto-scutellar impression whitish; metanotum yellowish-brown with brown areas; pleurae yellowishbrown with sclerites dark brown; sterna yellowish brown, prosternal carina narrow. Wings (Figs. 13 A, B and 14 A��� C). Membrane hyaline, brown at base. Forewing with longitudinal veins yellowish and cross veins translucent, vein ICu 1 of fore wing attached to vein CuA; hind wing with longitudinal and cross veins translucent, vein C brown in basal third. Legs. Legs whitish; coxae yellowish brown washed with black; femora with an apical dark reddish brown band. Leg I: femur with a median gray mark; tibia with a basal slender brown band and an apical grayish brown band; tarsomeres with an apical light gray band. Abdomen. Tergum I brown washed with black, terga II���VI translucent, posterior margin of terga II���V with a dark brown transversal band interrupted laterally, terga VI���IX with posterior margin entirely dark brown; terga VII���X reddish brown washed with gray, tergum VII with an anteromedial triangular mark. Sterna I���VII translucent; VII���IX reddish brown, medial region lighter. Genitalia (Figs. 14 D, E). Subgenital plate brown, posteriorly projected, forming a broad and short projection of rounded apex that ventrally obstruct the view of penis. Forceps. Forceps whitish, segment II 0.2 length of segment I, 1.2 length of segment III. Penis divided on distal ��, each lobe laterally sinuous and apically rounded, with a ventral, long and narrow spine curved toward the midline of the body (Fig. 14 E); penis lobe whitish yellow; spine orangish brown. Caudal filaments whitish, apical region of each segment with a grayish brown band. Female Imago. Unknown. Mature Nymph. Length: body, 6.0��� 6.8 mm; antenna, 2.7 ���3.0 mm; cerci, 6.0��� 6.4 mm; terminal filament, 7.0��� 7.5 mm. General coloration yellowish brown, female darker (Figs. 15 A, B). Head. Yellowish brown, washed with gray. Upper portion of male compound eye dark brown, lower portion black. Eye of female black. Antenna whitish yellow. Clypeus without a anteromedial projection (Figs. 15 A, B), lateral margin strongly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.5 times maximum width of clypeus. Mouthparts (Figs. 16 A���E). Labrum (Fig. 16 A) brown, U-shaped anteromedial emargination; with dorsal proximal row of 14��� 16 long setae interrupted medially; numerous ventral setae directed obliquely to sagittal plane. Mandible (Fig. 16 B) grayish brown, translucent near to incisors, with one pair of median translucent rounded spots; outer margin strongly curved, forming a square angle; without dorsal row of setae and with 3���5 thick and short setae near to basal articulation. Maxilla (Fig. 16 C). Galea-lacinia with a prominent tusk on inner apical angle (nearly half of the apical width of galea-lacinia). Hypopharynx as in figure 16 D. Labium as in figure 16 E. Thorax. Terga yellowish brown, irregularly washed with grayish brown; pronotum with a submedial stripe and lateral margin dark gray, apico-lateral angle with 3���5 thick setae; pleura yellowish, washed with gray; sterna whitish yellow. Legs. Whitish yellow; coxae washed with gray. Leg I (Fig. 17 A). Femur with a subapical band and dorsal gray mark. Legs II and III (Figs. 17 B, C) slightly washed with light brown; femora with a gray band. Femora with long setae and spine-like setae along external margin; dorsal surface covered with long spine-like setae, absent in femur I. Tibia I (Fig. 17 A) with few short spine-like setae along inner margin and long spine-like setae in dorsal surface, long and thin setae along outer margin; tibia II (Fig. 17 B) with long and thin setae along outer margin and row of spine-like setae in dorsal surface; tibia III (Fig. 17 C) with spine-like setae and long setae in external margin and long spine-like setae in dorsal surface and inner and apical margins. Tarsal claws strongly hooked (Fig. 17 D) without subapical denticle, 3���5 median denticles subequal in size, without accessory denticles. Abdomen. Terga yellowish brown, segments VII���X darker; segment I washed with gray. Sterna whitish yellow. Gills gray (Fig. 17 E), present on segments I���VII, bearing numerous and slender filaments in almost its entire length. Caudal filaments yellowish brown. Life cycle association. Nymphs and male imagos are tentatively associated by sharing the same color pattern of legs and by basal portion of the dark wing pad of the nymph, which corresponds to the colored basal portion of the adult's wing. The two associated stages were also collected at the same place. Etymology. From the Latin word insolitus, unusual, uncommon; with reference to the fact that the new species is the first of the genus in which the clypeal projection is absent. Material examined. Holotype: Male imago (light trap), Brazil, Esp��rito Santo State, Pedro Can��rio, Rio Ita��nas (S 18 �� 12 ' 10.8 ", W 40 �� 06' 25.2 "), 35m, 29 /iii/ 2011, JMC Nascimento, EA Raimundi, FC Massariol, KB Del-Carro, PVA Brito cols. (INPA). Paratypes: eight male imagos, same date of holotype (two at CZNC; two at INPA; two at DZRJ; two at IBN); four male imagos (light trap) and 13 nymphs, Brazil, Esp��rito Santo, Sooretama, Rio S��o Jos�� (S 19 ��07' 33.1 '', W 40 �� 14 ' 26.1 ''), 24m, 19 /v/ 2011, JA R��dio, JMC Nascimento, P Barcelos-Silva cols. (four nymphs, one male at CZNC; three nymphs, one male at INPA; three nymphs, one male at IML; three nymphs, one male at DZRJ). Comments. The new species is similar to Traverella (Traverella) bradleyi (Needham & Murphy, 1924) due to the color pattern and by the shape of the spine on penis. However, it can be distinguished from this species by the lateral margin of penis, which is sinuous in the new species and straight in T.(T.) bradleyi, and by projections of the male styliger plate ��� broad, short and medially united in the Traverella insolita, sp. nov. but long and narrow in T. (T.) bradleyi (Dom��nguez et al. 2006). With respect to the color pattern, same to is also observed in other species of the genus or even in other genera of the Hermanella complex, such as Traverella longifrons Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1996, Hermanella mazama (Nascimento, Mariano & Salles 2012) (in Lima et al. 2012), Hylister chimaera Kluge, 2007 and Hylister obliquus sp. nov. (see above). Among the diagnostic characteristics of Traverella insolita, sp. nov., the styliger plate strongly projected posteriorly, hindering the vision of penes is very unusual. The same feature is observed in Thraulodes criptodrylus (Nieto & Dom��nguez, 2001) and recently, Gon��alves et al. (2012) also stated this character for Poranga nessimiani (Gon��alves & Da-Siva). However it is probably a convergence since these genera are not closely related. Dom��nguez (1995) established a new subgenus Traverella (Zonda), and used the following characters to distinguish the imago of the subgenus Traverella (Traverella): vein ICu 1 of fore wing attached to vein CuA (as seen in new species) and male styliger plate with long, narrow paired projections. However, the species herein described presents the male styliger plate with broad and short projections. With respect to the immature stage, all characters proposed for the subgenus Traverella, but one, were observed in the nymphs analyzed (tusk present at inner anterior angle of maxillae, segment II of maxillary palpi long, segment III of labial palpi not elongated and gills present on abdominal segment seven). The single exception lies on the presence of a row of spine-like setae on the fore tibia, a characteristic attributed to the subgenus Zonda. Moreover, the nymph of Traverella insolita, sp. nov. is the first of the genus in which the frontoclypeal projection is absent and the first with a prominent tusk on galea-lacinia, characteristics that must be included in the generic diagnoses proposed by Allen (1973) and Dom��nguez et al. (2006). Despite having many congruent characters with representatives of Traverella (Traverella), the new species has a number of derived characters, as well as other intermediaries among the two subgenera proposed for the group, not fitting securely in any of them. Based on this scenario, we hypothesize that either the concepts used in subgeneric diagnoses must be modified or a new subgenus should be erected to accommodate the new species. In the absence of a phylogenetic analysis, we prefer to keep the new species not attributed to any subgenera. In order to incorporate the male imago of Traverella insolita, sp. nov. the following modification is proposed to the key of Dom��nguez et al. (2006, p. 514). 1. Vein ICu 1 of fore wings attached to vein CuA (Dom��nguez et al. 2006, Fig. 193 D).................................. 2 - Vein ICu 1 of fore wings free basally (Dom��nguez et al. 2006, Fig. 193 A)............... Traverella (Zonda) calingastensis 2 (1). Styliger plate strongly projected posteriorly, hindering the vision of penes, with broad and short projection (Fig. 14 D)...................................................................................... Traverella insolita sp. nov. - Styliger plate not strongly projected posteriorly, with narrow and long projection............. Traverella (Traverella) ��� 3 3 (2). Wing membranes almost hyaline............................................... Traverella montium Ulmer, 1943 - Wing membranes with some coloration pattern.............................................................. 4 4 (3). Wing membranes translucent brown; costal area and cross veins blackish brown................... Traverella valdemari - Wing membranes hyaline with prominent brown areas at bases; cross veins translucent............... Traverella bradleyi, Published as part of Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C. & Salles, Frederico F., 2013, New species of Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 1-27 in Zootaxa 3718 (1) on pages 19-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/284980

Key to the imagos of Hylister 1. Styliger plate with projections near base of forceps (Fig. 9 D); abdomen with contrasting color pattern where the abdominal segments are differently colored........................................................................ 2 - Styliger plate without projections (Domínguez et al. 2006, Fig. 151 D); general coloration of abdomen yellowish............................................................................................... Hylister plaumanni 2 (1). Styliger plate with a pair of large light soft protuberances, each bearing a very small non-sclerotized point on its apex; penis lobes deeply divided, with long spines medially directed (Kluge 2007, Fig. 35)...................... Hylister chimaera - Styliger plate with pointed projections, without a very small non-sclerotized point on its apex; penis lobes divided on distal 1 / 3, with short spines posteromedially directed (Fig. 9 D).................................... Hylister obliquus sp. nov.

Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Salles, Frederico F. (2013): New species of Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 3718 (1): 1-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.1