Search

Dacus pleuralis Collart, 1935 Among the material examined was a male specimen collected at Ibadan, Nigeria (4-8 Dec. 2003, cue lure traps, leg. G. Goergen), in addition to the male specimen studied earlier (White & Goodger 2009). It shows some morphological deviation from the earlier collected specimen and from the type material as redescribed in White (2006): the xanthines (katatergite and anatergite) are fused, while in the typical D. pleuralis the xanthines are clearly separated. The anterior supra-alar seta is absent or vestigial while well developed in the typical D. pleuralis. These differences, however, appear to be intraspecific variation and do not warrant separate description., Published as part of Meyer, Marc De, White, Ian M. & F. M. Goodger, Kim, 2013, Notes on the frugivorous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna of western Africa, with description of a new Dacus species, pp. 1-17 in European Journal of Taxonomy 50 on page 12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.50, http://zenodo.org/record/3814414, {"references":["White I. M. & Goodger K. F. M. 2009. African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); new species and data, with particular reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection. Zootaxa 2127: 1 - 49.","White I. M. 2006. Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology Memoir 2: 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Psilodacus) goergeni sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 47F1AD2E-9183-4C0F-A65B-D9FDBB15DB1D Fig. 4 Etymology Named in honour of the collector, Dr Georg Goergen, who is also the founder and conservator of the entomological collections at the International Institute of Agriculture. Material Holotype ♂, TOGO, Kloto, Jan. 2006, ‘ on Solanum sp.’, leg. G. Goergen (deposited in collection of IITA). Paratypes TOGO: same locality as holotype, 1 ♂, Dec. 2005, ‘on Acacia auriculiformis ’; 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Jan. 2006; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Jan. 2006, ‘on Solanum sp.’; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Jan. 2008; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Feb. 2008. BENIN: Lokossa, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Jan. 2006. All leg. G. Goergen. Paratypes deposited in collections of IITA, NHM and RMCA. Description SIZE. 6.2-7.5 mm, wing length 4.8-6.6 mm. HEAD. Pedicel and 1st flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face (Fig. 4A): antennal furrow without a dark spot; upper area with a dark marking, tending to an inverted V-shaped dark marking (in some specimens this extends down each side of carina and may be mistaken for facial spots). Frons: frontal setae 0, orbital seta 0. THORAX. Scutum (Fig. 4B) predominantly fuscous, tending to red-brown antero-laterally; postpronotal lobe entirely pale, yellowish; notopleural callus pale posteriorly, anteriorly concolorous with scutum; notopleural xanthine probably isolated from notopleural callus but can appear almost joined (as in wedge form); lateral and medial postsutural vitta absent. Scutellum without any dark patterning (except for basal dark margin, which is very narrow). Anepisternum (Fig. 4C) with a stripe from notopleural callus to (or almost to) katepisternum; stripe very broad (anteriorly extending almost to postpronotal lobe); extended onto katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. THORACIC SETAE. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta present. WING (Fig. 4E). Basal cell bc without microtrichia; cell c with an almost complete (> 90%) covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia; partly bare in apical half. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete; shallow, not or barely extending below vein R 2+3, except in basal section (before crossvein R-M) and at wing apex; expanded into a small spot at apex. Anal streak absent (but with a trace of colour confined to cell bcu). Cells bc and c coloured (not as deep as costal band). Without any crossbanding. LEGS. Forefemur pale, yellowish, sometimes indistinctly darkened apically; midfemur bicoloured (pale basal half to two-thirds, red-brown apically); hindfemur pale, yellow, rarely distinctly darkened apically. ABDOMEN. Predominantly fuscous; shape and patterning, see Fig. 4D. Tergites I-V all fused. Male Tergite III with some very fine hairs (possible vestigial pecten); lacking hindtibia preapical “pad”. Basal costal sections without specialised setae. Female Aculeus pointed, similar to B. stylifer. Host No host records known (some material is indicated as being found on Solanum sp. or Acacia auriculiformis but there is no indication that either of these plants is a host). Distribution Reported from Benin and Togo. Remarks The new species is very similar to Dacus stylifer which is an East African species. It differs in the wing cell c having almost complete coverage of microtrichia in the males (50% in male stylifer); the midfemur bicoloured (pale in typical stylifer); the notopleuron bicoloured and sutural xanthine distinct, unlike typical stylifer. Dacus goergeni sp. nov. is placed in the ill-defined subgenus Psilodacus, based upon a combination of characters, which typify the grouping, including the lack of facial spots: the dark, almost inverted V-shaped, dark marking at the top of the face; lack of anal streak and male pectin; it differs from most Psilodacus spp. in having anterior supra-alar setae. The type specimens were captured in the Guinean Forest Savannah Mosaic and the Eastern Guinean Forest ecoregions. Label information indicates that the specimens were collected in forested areas., Published as part of Meyer, Marc De, White, Ian M. & F. M. Goodger, Kim, 2013, Notes on the frugivorous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna of western Africa, with description of a new Dacus species, pp. 1-17 in European Journal of Taxonomy 50 on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.50, http://zenodo.org/record/3814414

Dacus blepharogaster Bezzi, 1917 A male specimen from Sérou, Benin (Dec. 2005, leg. G. Goergen) differs from D. blepharogaster, as described by White (2006) in having some red pattern on the third abdominal tergite. However, since this species belongs to a group that needs proper revision (Dacus (Lophodacus) brevis group as defined by White 2006) and since only one specimen was found in the collections studied, it is not described as a separate species. As the previous species, this is also predominantly an East African species (Kenya, Eritrea and Ethiopia) but was not included in the richness analysis., Published as part of Meyer, Marc De, White, Ian M. & F. M. Goodger, Kim, 2013, Notes on the frugivorous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna of western Africa, with description of a new Dacus species, pp. 1-17 in European Journal of Taxonomy 50 on page 13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.50, http://zenodo.org/record/3814414, {"references":["White I. M. 2006. Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology Memoir 2: 1 - 156."]}

Dacus mochii Bezzi, 1917 Dacus mochii was described from Eritrea, but the type specimens were lost. White (2006) placed it in synonymy with D. annulatus Becker, based on the similarity of the original description. Subsequently, White & Goodger (2009) reported a specimen from Ethiopia, which was clearly not D. annulatus, but was a good match to the description of D. mochii, which they then removed from synonymy. Amongst the material examined here, there was a male specimen from Kloto, Togo (Mar. 2006, leg. G. Goergen), which is very similar to the D. mochii from Ethiopia, except that it has pallid face spots. Togo is a considerable westward expansion of the known distribution of a species otherwise known only from a restricted area of East Africa. Since it concerns a single specimen whose identity is uncertain, we excluded it from the richness analysis., Published as part of Meyer, Marc De, White, Ian M. & F. M. Goodger, Kim, 2013, Notes on the frugivorous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna of western Africa, with description of a new Dacus species, pp. 1-17 in European Journal of Taxonomy 50 on page 13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.50, http://zenodo.org/record/3814414, {"references":["White I. M. 2006. Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology Memoir 2: 1 - 156.","White I. M. & Goodger K. F. M. 2009. African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); new species and data, with particular reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection. Zootaxa 2127: 1 - 49."]}

Group Latifrons The Asian B. latifrons was not known in Africa before White (2006) was completed. Its name is here given to a species group for consistency of classsification., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) transversalis sp.n. Figures 91 ��� 96. Diagnosis. Differs from other Dacus spp. in lacking microtrichia in the narrow subbasal section of cell br, combined with the lack of a facial spot (fig. 93) and presence of a notopleural xanthine (fig. 91). It also has an unusual wing pattern (very broad dark band from sc to behind Cu 1; fig. 96), a dark triangle marking covering most of the scutellum (fig. 91) and the male lacks a pecten. Description. Size. Small, wing length, 4.6 ��� 4.8 mm. Head (fig. 93). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow without a dark spot. Frons, frontal setae 2, orbital setae 1. Thorax (figs 91, 94). Scutum black; postpronotal lobe bicoloured (yellow confined to posterior third); notopleural callus yellow; notopleural xanthine wedge shaped (connected to notopleural callus); lateral and medial postsutural vitta absent. Scutellum with a basal black triangle, leaving only narrow yellow margin. Anepisternum with a very narrow yellow stripe from notopleural callus to (or almost to) katepisternum; not extended onto katepisternum. Lateroterga without a xanthine. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 96). Basal cells bc and c without a complete covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br without microtrichia. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band absent (reduced to a small apical spot). Anal streak absent (at most with a trace of colour confined to cell bcu). Cells bc and c hyaline. Crossbanding; broad crossband on R-M which continues across cell dm. Legs (fig. 95). Femora brown. Abdomen (fig. 92). Predominantly black, except sometimes for a red-brown submedial area on tergite V (one specimen lacks this). Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III without pecten; no dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2; no hindtibia preapical pad. Female. Unknown. Etymology. Descriptive name for the broad crossband that traverses (transversus) most of the wing. Material. Holotype male, paratype male, MALAWI: Chitipa Distr., Jembya Resv., 18km. sse. Chisenga, 1870m., 10 o 8 ���S, 33 o 27 ���E, 11 ��� 20.i. 1989, J. Rawlins, S. Thompson (authors borrowed from TAU; expected to be returned to CMP by collection manager of TAU). Remarks. The complete lack of microtrichia in the narrow subbasal section of wing cell br places this species in sg. Lophodacus. It is similar to members of the Triater group (no face spot, triangular mark on scutellum, no male pecten) except in having the notopleural xanthine connected to the callus. The xanthine is medially narrowed, not in the form of a distinct wedge (as in Brevis group), which suggests doubtful homology. However, no species of sg. Lophodacus is known to have an isolated notopleural xanthine. Its unique wing pattern makes it an easy species to recognise., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925

Subgenus DIDACUS Collart Dacus (Didacus) Collart, 1935: 33. Type species Dacus ciliatus Loew, 1862, by original designation. Other synonyms: White (2006: 81), Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Collart, A. (1935) Les Dacinae du Congo Belge (Diptera: Trypetidae). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 11 (1), 1 - 45.","Loew, H. (1862) Bidrag till kannedomen om Afrikas Diptera. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Forhandlingar. Afd. A. Matematik och Naturvetenskaper (Helsingfors), 19, 3 - 14.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Group Triater This group is now expanded to include D. apostata Hering, 1937 and D. nigriscutatus White, 2006; this removes the Apostata group name from the classification. White (2006) separated the Apostata and Triater groups by the presence or absence of a pecten. The strong similarity of D. pseudapostata sp.n. to D. apostata, from which it differs in the absence of a pecten, indicates that these two groups are inseparable. Additionally, known hosts of both groups are Zehneria spp. (Cucurbitaceae) (White 2006), and Virgilio et al. (in press) found that DNA studies muddled representatives of both groups into a single well defined clade., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Hering, [E.] M. (1937) Neue Bohrfliegen aus der Beckerschen Sammlung. (Dipt.) (16. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 22, 244 - 264.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Ambitidacus) mirificus (Munro) Myrmecodacus mirificus Munro, 1984: 119 Material. KENYA: 1 male, West Pokot, Chepareria, 4 ��� 5.xi. 1983, A. Freidberg (TAU) Remarks. First record for Kenya. Differing from Congo specimens in wing cell r 4 + 5 being fumose brown almost throughout., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Dacus (Leptoxyda) yaromi sp.n. Figures 33 ��� 38. Diagnosis. As D. attenuatus Collart, 1935, except: Wing. Costal band apically expanded into a spot which only reaches about mid-depth of cell r 4 + 5 (fig. 38). Legs. Femora bicoloured (fig. 37). Abdomen. Predominantly dark red-brown (fig. 34). Description. Size. Small, wing length, 5.6 mm. Head (fig. 35). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow with a dark spot; slightly taller than broad, almost filling width of furrow. Frons, frontal setae 2, orbital setae 1. Thorax (figs 33, 36). Scutum red-brown; postpronotal lobe concolorous with scutum; notopleural callus red; notopleural xanthine wedge shaped and red (connected to notopleural callus); lateral and medial postsutural vitta absent. Scutellum without any dark patterning (except for basal red-brown margin). Anepisternum with a red subparallel stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; extended onto katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine barely differentiated from red-brown body colour; confined to katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 38). Basal cells bc and c without an almost complete covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete; shallow, not extending below vein R 2 + 3 before wing apex; apically expanded into a spot which reaches about mid-depth of cell r 4 + 5; and starts before end of vein R 2 + 3. Anal streak present (colour extending beyond cell bcu). Cells bc and c hyaline. Without any crossbanding. Legs (fig. 37). Femora bicoloured (pale basally, brown to black apical third to two-thirds). Abdomen (fig. 34). Syntergosternite I+II red-brown; terga III ��� V dark red-brown with a barely differentiated blackish medial stripe; shape similar to D. attenuatus. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with pecten, dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2, and hindtibia preapical pad. Female. Unknown. Etymology. Patronym for Dr. (Mr.) I. Yarom, who collected the holotype. Material. Holotype male, ETHIOPIA: Gamo, Gofa, Arba Minch Springs, 1300m., 5.ii. 2000, I. Yarom & A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. This species shares with D. attenuatus the unusual feature of red xanthines and differs only in having a very much smaller costal band apical spot and a less extensively dark midfemur. There is a remote possibility that this is merely the dimorphic male form of D. attenuatus. It should also be noted that reddish xanthines are a known variant of some more common species., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Collart, A. (1935) Les Dacinae du Congo Belge (Diptera: Trypetidae). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 11 (1), 1 - 45."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) blepharogaster Bezzi Dacus blepharogaster Bezzi, 1917: 68 Didacus zavattarianus Hering, 1952: 93 Other combinations: White (2006: 118) Material. KENYA: 1 female, Nyanza, Gembe Hills, 1362m., 0o 29.36 S, 34 o 14.60 E, 27.iv. ��� 11.v. 2006, malaise trap, R.S. Copeland (BMNH). Remarks. This is both new to Kenya and the first known female. The wing has a complete costal band, similar to the holotype of D. blepharogaster. Unlike both holotype males, the mid- and hindfemora are distinctly bicoloured, being almost black in the apical third. The abdomen differs in having a distinct black midline on terga IV and V; tergite IV is largely black with indistict red-brown areas posteriorly either side of the midline; tergite V is distinctly red-brown either side of the midline, implying a similarity to the description of the lost abdomen of the holotype of D. zavattarianus. The aculeus is well exposed; it lacks any torsion and is shaped like D. brevis Coquillett, 1901., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Bezzi, M. (1917) New Ethiopian fruit-flies of the genus Dacus. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 8, 63 - 71.","Hering, E. M. (1952 [dated 1951]) Missione biologica Sagan-Omo diretta dal Prof. Edoardo Zavattari. Diptera Trypetidae [36. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae]. Rivista di Biologia Coloniale (Rome), 11, 91 - 99.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Coquillett, D. W. (1901 [dated 1902]) New Diptera from southern Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24, 27 - 32."]}

Subgenus Ambitidacus Munro Ambitidacus Munro, 1984: 120. Type species, Dacus brevistriga Walker, 1861, by original designation. Other synonyms: White (2006: 77), Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313.","Walker, F. (1861) Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F. R. S. & c. [concl.]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (N. S.), 5, 297 - 334.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Group Magnificus New group for a single species that is assigned to s.g. Lophodacus because of its very reduced covering of microtrichia in the narrow raised subbasal section of wing cell br. Unlike other Lophodacus spp. whose males have a pecten, it lacks a xanthine on the lateroterga., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925

Subgenus BACTROCERA s. str. Dacus (Bactrocera) Macquart, 1835: 452. Type species B. longicornis Macquart, 1835, by monotypy. Other synonyms: White (2006: 137), Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Macquart, J. P. M. (1835) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Dipteres. Roret, Paris. Tome deuxieme. IV, 1 - 710.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Didacus) ficicola Bezzi Dacus ficicola Bezzi, 1915: 100 Other synonyms: White (2006: 86) Material. KENYA: 3 females, Kinungi, Rt.A 104, nr. Naivasha, 80km Nakuru, 2250m., 24.viii. 2003, A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. White (2006) made a note in the description matrix (on CD-ROM) that some specimens of D. ficicola Bezzi, 1915 exhibit aculeus torsion. However, this was interpreted as artifact (possibly due to postmortem change) and not mentioned in the written description. A specimen in the TAU collection shows quite convincing torsion and the the description should be modified to indicate that this species may exhibit torsion, although the reason for the apparent variation remains uncertain., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Bezzi, M. (1915) On the Ethiopian fruit-flies of the genus Dacus. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 6, 85 - 101.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Psilodacus) pergulariae Munro Dacus (Metidacus) pergulariae Munro, 1938 b: 163 Dacus (Psilodacus) miniatus Munro 1948: 31 Other combinations: White (2006: 135) Material. ETHIOPIA: 1 male, 1 female, Bale, Bale Mountains, Micha River, 10km S. Goba, 3100m., 31.i. 2000, A. Freidberg & I. Yarom (TAU). Remarks. These specimens are somewhat larger than those reported by White (2006), being up to 7.2mm wing length, and may be confused in the key with D. stylifer (Bezzi, 1919), but they lack the dark lateral abdomen markings of that species (corrected in revised key; revised couplet 263). These specimens also have bicoloured femora, whereas typical D. pergulariae have entirely pale femora. The paratype female D. miniatus, a synonym of D. pergulariae, is teneral but shows signs of having a bicoloured hindfemur. Most specimens used in the description of D. pergulariae by White (2006) were reared and may also have been incompletely coloured. In the absence of better data these non-reared specimens are assumed to be more mature or a variant form, but further study may indicate that some Ethiopian populations represent a distinct species, possibly already described as D. miniatus., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1938 b) New Trypetidae from Kenya Colony. II. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society, 13, 159 - 167.","Munro, H. K. (1948) New African Dacinae (Trypetidae, Dipt.) with some preliminary statistical studies. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 11, 13 - 33.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Bezzi, M. (1919) New Ethiopian fruit-flies of the genera Tridacus and Dacus (Dipt.). Bulletin of EntomologicalResearch, 9, 177 - 182."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) magnificus sp.n. Figures 64 ��� 70. Diagnosis. Separated from all other African Dacus spp. as follows: Thorax. Lateral and medial postsutural vittae absent (fig. 64); lateroterga without a xanthine (fig. 68). Wing. Costal band incomplete (fig. 70); cell c with an almost complete covering of microtrichia; narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with only a few microtrichia. Male. Tergite III with pecten (fig. 65). Description. Size. Medium, wing length, 6.7 ��� 6.9 mm. Head (fig. 67). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow with a very small vertically elongate spot, adjacent lower facial margin; Frons, frontal setae 2, orbital setae 1. Thorax (figs 64, 68). Scutum red-brown, without any distinct darker areas; postpronotal lobe concolorous with scutum; notopleural callus white; notopleural suture xanthine absent; lateral and medial postsutural vittae absent. Scutellum dorsally concolorous with scutum, laterally white. Anepisternum with a narrow white stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; extended onto katepisternum. Lateroterga without a xanthine. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 70). Basal cell bc without an almost complete covering of microtrichia; cell c with an almost complete (> 90 %) covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with only a few microtrichia. Crossvein R-M in apical quarter of cell dm. Costal band reduced; cells c and sc coloured; large apical spot which extends below vein M and includes both R-M and DM-Cu crossveins. Anal streak absent (at most with a trace of colour confined to cell bcu). Cell bc hyaline. Without any crossbanding. Legs (fig. 69). Femora orange-brown. Abdomen (fig. 65). Orangebrown, without any distinct darker marks; broadest at tergite V (based on paratype female; holotype male distorted). Tergites I ��� V all fused. Ceromata present. Male. Tergite III with pecten, dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2, and hindtibia preapical pad. Female (fig. 66). Aculeus pointed. Etymology. Descriptive name for its magnificent (magnificenti) appearance. Material. Holotype, male, TANZANIA: 35km. S. Mbeya, Rt.A 345, 2200m., 1.ix. 1996, A. Freidberg (TAU); paratype, 1 female, same data as holotype (TAU). Remarks. The wing of this fly is similar to that of D. attenuatus, notably in apical spot size and shape; but if differs in its almost complete lack of microtrichia in the narrow portion of cell br, its extensive covering in cell c, and the lack of a continuous costal band., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 28-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925

Dacus (Didacus) africanus Adams Dacus africanus Adams, 1905: 169 Didacus africanus: Cogan & Munro 1980: 521 Dacus (Didacus) devure Hancock, 1985 b: 304; White (2006: 82); syn.n. Material. MOZAMBIQUE: 1 male, Gorongoza, 18.3 S, 34.02 E, 1 ��� 2.xii. 2006, trapped with mixed male lure (cue lure, methyl eugenol, trimedlure), P. Schule (MRAC). Remarks. White (2006) was not able to study the type of D. devure and similarly, Hancock (1985 b) did not study the type of D. africanus. The males of both these species are reported to be attracted to cue lure, i.e. 4 -(p -acetoxyphenyl)- 2 -butanone (White 2006). The discovery of a male from Mozambique which clearly ran to D. devure in the key by White (2006), and which was lure collected, prompted further consideration of the separation of D. devure from D. africanus, which was as follows: laterotergite xanthine completely confined to the katatergite in D. africanus, or slightly extended onto the anatergite in D. devure. A further 6 males were recently (2009) collected using cue lure in Mozambique by M. De Meyer (MRAC) and selected images were supplied to the authors. These show a continuous range of variation between the xanthine being confined to the katatergite, to it also covering one-third of the anatergite; the costal band in each case was narrower than normally observed in D. vertebratus, as indicated by couplet 167 of the key in White (2006). In conclusion, there is no evidence to support the continued listing of D. devure as a separate species, and it is here placed as a synonym to D. africanus. The continued separation of D. africanus from D. vertebratus is supported by the differing lure response of these species; males of D. vertebratus being attracted to methyl- 4 -hydroxybenzoate, which Hancock (1985 a) named as ���vert lure���., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Adams, C. F. (1905) Diptera africana, I. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 3, 149 - 208.","Cogan, B. H. & Munro, H. K. (1980) 40. Family Tephritidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.) Catalogue of theDiptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 518 - 554.","Hancock, D. L. (1985 b) New species and records of African Dacinae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Arnoldia Zimbabwe, 9, 299 - 314.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Hancock, D. L. (1985 a) A specific male attractant for the melon fly Dacus vertebratus. Zimbabwe Science News (Causeway), 19, 118 - 119."]}

Dacus (Didacus) insolitus sp.n. Figures 20 ��� 26. Diagnosis. Differs from all other known African Dacus spp. in its lack of a facial spot (fig. 23), combined with an extensive covering of microtrichia in cell bc. Description. Size. Very small, wing length, 2.8 ��� 3.8 mm. Head (fig. 23). Pedicel+ 1 st flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow without a dark spot. Frons, frontal setae 1, orbital setae 0. Thorax (figs 20, 24). Scutum red-brown; postpronotal lobe and notopleural callus concolorous with scutum; notopleural xanthine absent; lateral and medial postsutural vittae absent. Scutellum concolorous with scutum. Anepisternum without a yellow stripe. Katepisternum with a trace of a xanthine. Laterotergal xanthine absent. Setae. Anterior notopleural seta absent; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 26). Basal cells bc and c with an almost complete covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band pale (but distinct) in cell r 1; reduced to a very narrow and pale band in cell r 2 + 3 (barely discernable); apically expanded into a distinctly coloured oblique spot, reaching vein M. Anal streak present (colour extending beyond cell bcu). Cells bc and c hyaline. Crossbanding; at most with a trace of a crossband on the anterior portion of R-M. Legs (fig. 25). Femora brown. Abdomen (fig. 21). Predominantly red-brown, with distinct black pear-drop shaped spots on each of terga III, IV and V, but not coalesced into a strip. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with pecten, dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2, and hindtibia preapical pad. Female (fig. 22). Aculeus blunt and with preapical "shoulder"; complete torsion. Etymology. Named for its unusual (insolitus) combination of character states. Material. Holotype female (NMKE), KENYA: Nyanza, Nyamarandi Village, 1251m., 0o 30.535 ���S, 34 o 11.206 ���E, 6 ��� 20.vi. 2006, malaise trap, R.S. Copeland. Paratypes: 1 female (NMKE), KENYA: Nyanza, Rusinga Island, 1206m., 0o 23.430 ���S, 34 o 10.995 ���E, 15. ��� 21.xi. 2004, malaise trap, R.S. Copeland; 1 female (MRAC), same data except, 28.xi. ��� 5.xii. 2004; 1 male (BMNH), same data except, 29.xii. 2004 ��� 4.i. 2005; 1 female (BMNH), same data except, 21.iv. ��� 12.v. 2005. Remarks. The combination of aculeus torsion and lack of an anterior notopleural seta indicates an affinity to the Mulgens group; the abdomen pattern is similar to D. (Lophodacus) nairobensis but the dense covering of microtrichia in the narrowed portion of cell br rules out membership of sg. Lophodacus; the complete lack of vittae (save for a trace on the katepisternum) is unusual in specimens that show no trace of postmortem staining; an almost complete coverage of microtrichia in cell bc is otherwise only known in four other African species, namely D. (D.) bequaerti Collart, 1935, D. (Leptoxyda) arabicus White, 2006, D. (Neodacus) melanaspis (Munro, 1984) and D. (N.) xanthaspis (Munro, 1984)., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Collart, A. (1935) Les Dacinae du Congo Belge (Diptera: Trypetidae). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 11 (1), 1 - 45.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) chamun (Munro) Nebrodacus chamun Munro, 1984: 141 Dacus (Leptoxyda) chamun: Norrbom et al. 1999: 136; White 2006: 120 Remarks. Following the discovery of the following additional species, D. chamun is here regarded as part of the Apoxanthus group, rather than being placed in a group of its own., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Leptoxyda) brunnalis sp.n. Figures 39 ��� 44. Diagnosis. As D. lounsburyii Coquillett, 1901 except: Thorax. Scutellum with a narrow basal dark margin (fig. 39). Wing. Cells bc slightly coloured (almost as dark as costal band); wing other than costal band and anal streak with a brownish tint, darkening posteriorly (fig. 44). Legs. Fore- and midfemora bicoloured (fig. 43). Description. Size. Medium, wing length, 8.2 mm. Head (fig. 41). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow with a dark spot; tear-drop shaped; occupying almost whole width and lower have of furrow. Frons, frontal setae 2, orbital setae 1. Thorax (figs 39, 42). Scutum predominantly dark red-brown, with a black mark anterior to notopleural xanthine and mesal of lateral vitta; postpronotal lobe yellow; notopleural callus yellow; notopleural xanthine wedge shaped (connected to notopleural callus); lateral (narrow) and medial postsutural vittae present. Scutellum without any dark patterning (except for narrow basal dark margin). Anepisternum with a stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; extended as a broad xanthine on katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 44). Basal cell bc without an almost complete covering of microtrichia; cell c with more than 75 % covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia. Crossvein R- M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete; deep, extending to vein R 4 + 5 before wing apex; apically expanded into a large spot, reaching below vein M, and starts before end of vein R 2 + 3. Anal streak present (colour extending beyond cell bcu). Cells bc and c slightly coloured (almost as dark as costal band). Without any crossbanding. Remainder of wing with a brownish tint, darkening posteriorly. Legs (fig. 43). Femora bicoloured (pale basally and red-brown in apical two-thirds to three quarters, dorsally; more extensively redbrown ventrally). Abdomen (fig. 40). Predominantly red-brown to fuscous, paler apically on tergite II and submedially on terga IV ��� V; terga I ��� V with a medial black stripe; shape as D. lounsburyii. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with pecten, dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2; hindtibia preapical pad apparently absent. Female. Unknown. Etymology. Descriptive name for the brown (brunneus) colour over most of the wing (ala). Material. Holotype male, CAMEROON: Mbalmayo, ix. 2004, cue lure, M. Tindo (MRAC). Remarks. Closest to D. fuscovittatus Graham, 1910, but differing from that species in the laterotergal xanthine being restricted to the katatergite and the longer narrower lateral vitta. Curiously, there is no indication of a raised tubercle near the apex of the male hind tibia, as normally seen in species with a pecten; however, there is flat area on which the setulae are finer than those on the rest of the tibia. The only other African species known to have a pecten but no hindtibia tubercle is D. notalaxus Munro, 1984., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Coquillett, D. W. (1901 [dated 1902]) New Diptera from southern Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24, 27 - 32.","Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Dacus (Didacus) pusillator (Munro) Pycnodacus pusillator Munro, 1984: 140 Dacus (Leptoxyda) pusillator: Norrbom et al. 1999: 137 Remarks. This species is only known from a single female. White (2006) noted that in terms of overall similarity this species was similar to D. binotatus Loew, 1862, but that it had the group features of D. seguyi, and so placed it in the Seguyi group, then regarded as part of sg. Didacus. However, new evidence presented here indicates that D. seguyi should be placed in sg. Lophodacus, and D. pusillator is therefore moved to the Binotatus group, pending the discovery of a male specimen from which to clarify its true affinities., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Loew, H. (1862) Bidrag till kannedomen om Afrikas Diptera. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Forhandlingar. Afd. A. Matematik och Naturvetenskaper (Helsingfors), 19, 3 - 14."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) pseudapostata sp.n. Figures 84 ��� 90. Diagnosis. Differs from D. triater in lacking a black triangular mark on the scutellum (fig. 84). Differs from D. apostata in the male lacking a pecten and associated characters (no dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2; no hindtibia preapical pad). Differs from both species in the apical wing spot being larger (fig. 90). Description. Size. Small, wing length, 4 ��� 4.8 mm. Head (fig. 87). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow without a dark spot. Frons, frontal setae 1 ��� 2, orbital setae absent. Thorax (figs 84, 88). Scutum black; postpronotal lobe yellow (sometimes indistinctly brownish anteromesally); notopleural callus black; notopleural xanthine absent; lateral and medial postsutural vittae absent. Scutellum yellow, without any dark patterning (except for basal dark margin which is deep in the females). Anepisternum with a yellow subtriangular xanthine from notopleural callus to (or almost to) katepisternum; anteriorly almost reaching postpronotal lobe; not extended onto katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta sometimes present (present in holotype male; absent in females); anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 90). Basal cells bc and c without a covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br without microtrichia. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band absent; reduced to a trace of dark colour in cell r 1 and an apical spot which reaches about mid-depth of cell r 4 + 5. Anal streak absent. Cells bc and c hyaline. Crossbanding; sometimes with an isolated crossband on R-M (the females have this; the holotype male does not). Legs (fig. 89). Femora pale (yellow) coloured. Abdomen (fig. 85). Black, except apical half of tergite V (also antero-medial area of tergite V in male holotype). Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III without pecten; no dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2; no hindtibia preapical pad. Female (fig. 86). Aculeus pointed; no torsion. Etymology. Descriptive name for its resemblance (pseudo) to D. apostata Hering, 1937. Material. Holotype male, paratype, 1 female, CAMEROON: Bali-Batibo, Rt. N 6, W. of Bamenda, 20.xi. 1987, A. Freidberg (TAU); paratype, 1 female, Bambalang area, 35km E. Bamenda, off Rt. N 11, 1200m., 8.xi. 1987, F. Kaplan (TAU). Remarks. Males of D. pseudapostata sp.n., from West Africa, are easily separated from D. apostata, from East Africa, by the lack of a pecten. There are some minor colour differences that may help differentiate females; D. apostata has a smaller apical wing spot and usually lacks any bright colour at the apex of the abdomen. This short series of specimens also suggests some sexual dimorphism with females having the wing crossband and the male not, and the male having more colour on the abdomen apex than the females., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Hering, [E.] M. (1937) Neue Bohrfliegen aus der Beckerschen Sammlung. (Dipt.) (16. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 22, 244 - 264."]}

Dacus (Didacus) frontalis Becker; aberrant form Dacus frontalis Becker, 1922: 74 Other synonyms: White (2006: 83) Material. SUDAN: 1 female, W. Halfa Dist., Ashkeit, 8.x. 1962, S. Panelius (TAU) Remarks. This species, in common with other members of sg. Didacus lacks a medial vitta. However, this specimen has a narrow yellow medial stripe along the midline of the postscutum. It was initially thought that it must be a misidentified D. siliqualactis Munro, 1939 a, a species with a medial vitta often confused with D. frontalis by earlier authors. This specimen has a velvet raised area on the frons, and only the midfemur bicoloured (others entirely pale), which are typical features of D. frontalis and clearly separate it from D. siliqualactis. This is therefore assumed to be D. frontalis which has a pale surface mid-line, typical of many specimens, unusually bright and yellowish and therefore liable to be misinterpreted as a medial vitta., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Becker, T. (1922 [dated 1923]) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit unterstutzung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen zoologischen Expedition nach dem anglo-agyptischen Sudan (Kordofan) 1914. VI. Diptera. Mit Beitrag en von O. Duda (Habelschwerdt), P. Stein (Treptow), J. Villeneuve (Rambouillet) & H. Zerny (Wien). Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 98, 57 - 82.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Munro, H. K. (1939 a) Studies in African Trypetidae, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1, 26 - 46."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) seguyi (Munro) Pycnodacus seguyi Munro, 1984: 140 Dacus (Leptoxyda) seguyi: Norrbom et al. 1999: 137 Material. CAMEROON: 1 male, Bamenda, 20km s., 1800m., 5 o 30 ���N, 10 o 10 ���E, 22.xi. 1987, F. Kaplan (TAU). Remarks. This specimen differs from the holotype female in having a narrower and darker (sublateral red-brown areas confined to tergite V) abdomen; the femora more extensively dark; and a deeper dark marginal band across the base of the scutellum. All of these features are within the bounds of likely variation. This male, which has a pecten (new data included in revised key; revised couplet 208), was collected within a short distance of the type locality (Bamoun region, Baigom; 5 o 34 ���N, 10 o 41 ���E Gazetteer data)., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Group Velutifrons This is a new group for this single species that lacks an anal streak, in common with the Longistylus and Marshalli groups; but differs from those in the male having a pecten., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925

Subgenus BACTROCERA s. str. Dacus (Bactrocera) Macquart, 1835: 452. Type species B. longicornis Macquart, 1835, by monotypy. Other synonyms: White (2006: 137)

Group Vestigivittatus A new group for a single species which has an inverted V-shaped marking on the face, wedge-shaped notopleural xanthine, and anterior supra-alar seta; differs from other groups assigned to sg. Psilodacus by having a medial vitta. It lacks a pecten., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925

Dacus (Leptoxyda) sphaeristicus Speiser Dacus sphaeristicus Speiser, 1910: 183 Other synonyms: White (2006: 110), Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Speiser, P. G. E. (1910) Cyclorrhapha, Aschiza. In: Sjostedt, Y. (Ed.) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch- Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906 unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjostedt. 2. Band [Abteilung] 10 (Diptera), 113 - 202.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Psilodacus) merzi White Dacus (Psilodacus) merzi White, 2006: 132 Material. KENYA: 2 males, 1 female, Mt. Elgon Lodge, 1 ��� 6.xi. 1983, A. Freidberg (TAU) Remarks. White (2006) described this species from a single male which had an almost complete (c. 90 %) covering of microtrichia in cell c. These males are similar but the female has a considerably reduced covering of microtrichia in cell c (around 75 %) and will erroneously run to D. herensis Munro, 1984 using the key provided by White (2006) (corrected in revised key). The known males, including the holotype, all have a large inverted-V mark on the face, just below the antennal insertions. In the female this is reduced to a pair of very small dark marks., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Subgenus PSILODACUS Collart Dacus (Psilodacus) Collart, 1935: 5. Type species D. annulatus Becker, 1903, by original designation. Other synonyms: White (2006: 124), Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Collart, A. (1935) Les Dacinae du Congo Belge (Diptera: Trypetidae). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 11 (1), 1 - 45.","Becker, T. (1903) Agyptische Dipteren. (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2 (3), 67 - 195.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Group Kaplanae A new group near to the Schoutedeni group, differing in the lack of an anal streak. Like D. schoutedeni Collart 1935 and D. merzi White, 2006, the males have a pecten and hindtibia swelling, but lack the area of microtrichia adjacent the end of wing vein A 1 +Cu 2, as seen in almost all other Dacus and Bactrocera spp. which have a pecten., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Collart, A. (1935) Les Dacinae du Congo Belge (Diptera: Trypetidae). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 11 (1), 1 - 45.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel) Chaetodacus latifrons Hendel 1915: 425 [I.C.Z.N. priority rule suspended to validate established name; White & Liquido 1995: 251] Dacus parvulus Hendel 1912: 21 Chaetodacus antennalis Shiraki 1933: 56 Strumeta latifrons: Shiraki 1933: 63 Dacus (Strumeta) latifrons: Hardy & Adachi 1954: 171 Dacus (Bactrocera) latifrons: Hardy 1977: 50 Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons: White & Elson-Harris 1992: 208 Material. TANZANIA: 2 male, 2 female, Morogoro, 11.v. 2006, ex Solanum aethiopicum, leg. Resta (R 825) (MRAC); 1 male, 2 females, same data (R 872) (MRAC); 1 female, Morogoro, Sokoine Univ.Agric., 22.v. 2006, leg. Resta (T 2770) (MRAC). Remarks. The discovery of this Asian species in East Africa has been discussed elsewhere (Mwatawala et al. 2007). It has been added to the revised key (after couplet 5)., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Hendel, F. G. (1915) H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Tephritinae. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 13, 424 - 467.","White, I. M. & Liquido, N. J. (1995) Chaetodacus latifrons Hendel, 1915 (currently Bactrocera latifrons; Insecta, Diptera): Proposed precedence of the specific name over that of Dacus parvulus Hendel, 1912. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 52, 250 - 253.","Hendel, F. G. (1912) Genus Dacus, Fabricius (1805) (Dipt.). Supplementa Entomologica (Berlin-Dahlem), 1, 13 - 24.","Shiraki, T. (1933) A systematic study of the Trypetidae of the Japanese Empire. Memoires of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku Imperial University, 2, 1 - 509.","Hardy, D. E. & Adachi, M. S. (1954) Studies in the fruit flies of the Philippine Islands, Indonesia and Malaya. Part 1. Dacini (Tephritidae-Diptera). Pacific Science, 8, 147 - 204.","Hardy, D. E. (1977) Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae), In: Delfinado, M. D., Hardy, D. E. (eds), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental Region, Honolulu, 3, 44 - 134.","White, I. M. & Elson-Harris, M. M. (1992) Fruit Flies of Economic Significance; their Identification and Bionomics. CAB International, Wallingford, 601 pp.","Mwatawala, M., De Meyer, M., White, I. M., Maerere, A. & Makundi, R. H. (2007) Detection of the Solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in Africa (Dipt., Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 131, 501 - 503."]}

Bactrocera (Gymnodacus) mesomelas (Bezzi) Dacus mesomelas Bezzi, 1908 a: 386 Other synonyms: White (2006: 144) Material. CAMEROON: 1 male, Bafoussam, 28.vii. 1982, ex Psidium guajava, G.J. Steck (TAU); 2 male, 3 female, Ess��, 23.ix. 2004, ex Psidium guajava, F.X. Ndzana Abanda (MRAC). Remarks. White (2006) reported examining a long series of reared specimens from Democratic Republic of Congo (1935), labelled ���Fruits de Perinari���, which was assumed to be a misspelling of Parinari, a genus of Chrysobalanaceae. This genus also lends its name to a widespread African forest vegetation type (e.g. Karlowski 2006) and the specimens may therefore have been reared from an unidentified fruit in ��� Parinari forest���, assuming such a vegetation type was recognised in 1935. White (2006) also examined a very badly damaged teneral male that was apparently reared from guava (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae) in Cameroon in 1982 but disregarded the host data on the assumption it represented a labelling error (data given on CD only). Further specimens have now been reared from guava in Cameroon thus confirming guava as a true host; the association with Parinari should now be regarded as doubtful., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Bezzi, M. (1908 a) Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles de Dipteres d'Afrique. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique (Liege), 52, 374 - 388.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Karlowski, U. (2006) Afromontane old-field vegetation: secondary succession and the return of indigenous species. African Journal of Ecology, 44, 264 - 272."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) acutus sp.n. Figures 71 ��� 77. Diagnosis. Differs from D. seguyi in having a red-brown (fig. 71) rather than black scutum, and a very deep costal band (fig. 77). The aculeus is pointed (fig. 73), with no torsion, whereas that of D. seguyi has a small preapical ���shoulder���, and appears to have torsion. Description. Size. Small, wing length, 5.1 ��� 7.0 mm. Head (fig. 74). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow with a dark spot; taller than broad, usually subrectangular. Frons, frontal setae 2, orbital setae 1 ��� 2. Thorax (figs 71, 75). Scutum predominantly red-brown, with indistinct pre- and postsutural fuscous areas, usually divided medially; postpronotal lobe yellow; notopleural callus yellow; notopleural xanthine wedge shaped (connected to notopleural callus); lateral and medial postsutural vitta absent. Scutellum without any dark patterning (except for basal dark margin which may be deep). Anepisternum with a narrow yellow stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; extended onto katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 77). Basal cells bc and c without an almost complete covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia; narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia, apically confined to anterior two-thirds. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete; fairly deep, extending below vein R 2 + 3, sometimes to vein R 4 + 5, before wing apex; apically expanded into a large spot, almost reaching vein M; spot starts from near end of vein R 2 + 3. Anal streak absent. Without any crossbanding. Legs (fig. 76). Femora bicoloured; fore- and midfemur red-brown in at least apical three-quarters, yellow basally; hindfemur red-brown in apical half to two-thirds, yellow basally. Abdomen (fig. 72). Predominantly red-brown, with fuscous areas; tergite II usually yellowish apically; tergite III fuscous except for small apico-medial area; terga IV ��� V with subrectangular lateral fuscous area; fuscous to black midline on terga III ��� V. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with pecten, dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2, and hindtibia with a slight preapical swelling. Female (fig. 73). Aculeus pointed; no torsion. Etymology. Descriptive name for its pointed (acutus) aculeus. Material. Holotype male, paratypes, 2 females, NIGERIA: Plateau State, Kurra Falls, 60km s.e. Jos, 5 ��� 7.xii. 1987, A. Freidberg (TAU) [labelled with IMW DB record numbers HT 5498; PTs 5751, 5968]; paratype, 1 female, NIGERIA, Jos-Kaduna, Rt.A 236, 500 ��� 1000m., 10.xii. 1987, A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. This specimen principally differs from D. seguyi by having a very deep costal band (depth extending to R 4 + 5, or almost so), and a large apical spot (reaching or almost reaching vein M); its scutum is redbrown (black in D. seguyi) and the aculeus apex is a simple point (there are small preapical ���shoulders��� in D. seguyi). There is a marked size difference between the holotype male (WL = 5.1 mm) and the paratype females (5.8 ��� 7.0 mm)., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925

Dacus (Didacus) semisphaereus Becker Dacus semisphaereus Becker, 1903: 139 Other synonyms: White (2006: 95) Material. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 3 male, 1 female, Sharjah Desert Park (25 ��� 17 o N 55 ��� 42 o E), 30.iv. ��� 31.v. 2005, leg. A. van Harten (2051) (BMNH). Remarks. These non-African specimens, the first to include males, confirm that the male has a pecten., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Becker, T. (1903) Agyptische Dipteren. (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2 (3), 67 - 195.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Ambitidacus) brevistriga Walker Dacus brevistriga Walker, 1861: 322; lectotype des. Hardy 1959: 166 Ambitidacus brevistriga: Munro 1984: 120 Material. TANZANIA: 1 male, Mbeya, 35km. S., Rt.A 345. 2200m., 1.ix. 1996, A. Freidberg, (TAU) Remarks. First record for Tanzania. However, the specimen is not typical of the species, differing from South African specimens in scutum and abdomen colour pattern; scutum with a pair of closely approximated black stripes, one along acrostichal line and the other along dorsocentral line; terga I ��� V black laterally, broadly black on terga III ��� IV. The well developed pecten and yellow postpronotal lobe, clearly indicate that this specimen is not simply an aberrant D. katonae Bezzi; which has a vestigial pecten, black scutum and abdomen, and fuscous to black postpronotal lobe., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Walker, F. (1861) Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F. R. S. & c. [concl.]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (N. S.), 5, 297 - 334.","Hardy, D. E. (1959) The Walker types of fruit flies (Tephritidae - Diptera) in the British Museum collection. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology (London), 8, 159 - 242.","Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Dacus (Ambitidacus) pseudomirificus sp.n. Figures 7 ��� 13. Diagnosis. As D. elegans Munro, 1984, except: Thorax. Scutellum without any dark patterning (fig. 7). Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present. Wing. Cell bc and apical half of cell c coloured; broad crossband on R-M and a very short mark on M/DM-Cu junction (fig. 13). Legs. Forefemur pale with a preapical dark mark; mid- and hindfemora bicoloured (fig. 12). Description. Size. Medium, wing length, 6.2 ��� 6.3 mm. Head (fig. 10). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow without a dark spot. Frons, frontal setae 2, orbital setae absent. Thorax (figs 7, 11). Scutum red-brown with a large submedial black area (or areas) and medial orange stripe; postpronotal lobe yellow; notopleural callus yellow posteriorly, red-brown anteriorly; notopleural suture with a trace of possible xanthine isolated from notopleural callus; lateral postsutural vitta absent; medial postsutural vitta present (not always distinct as within medial orange stripe). Scutellum without any dark patterning. Anepisternum with a stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; anteriorly with a trace of yellow beyond level of anterior notoplural seta, which almost reaches postpronotal lobe; not always extended onto katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 13). Basal cells bc and c without an almost complete covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete; deep, extending to vein R 4 + 5 before wing apex; apically expanded into a diagonal spot, narrowly reaching vein M. Anal streak present (colour extending beyond cell bcu) but very short. Cell bc and apical half of cell c coloured (almost as dark as costal band). Crossbanding; broad crossband on R-M and a very short mark on M/ DM-Cu junction. Legs (fig. 12). Forefemur pale with a preapical dark mark; mid- and hindfemora bicoloured (pale basally, black in apical quarter to third). Abdomen (fig. 8). Coalesced broad lateral black marks on terga II ��� V; medially reddish; tergite V apical half and oviscape reddish; shape similar to D. elegans. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Unknown. Female (fig. 13). Aculeus pointed; no torsion. Etymology. Descriptive name for its apparent resemblance (pseudo) to D. mirificus Munro, 1984. Material. Holotype female, TANZANIA: Mbeya, 35km. S., Rt.A 345, 2200m., 1.ix. 1996, A. Freidberg (TAU). Paratype female, same data as holotype (TAU). Remarks. Like D. luteovittatus sp.n. this species has an anterior notopleural seta. Its anal streak is very reduced but present basally. It is similar in appearance to D. mirificus, except for the absence of microtrichia in cell bm., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Dacus (Lophodacus) rufoscutellatus (Hering) Psilodacus rufoscutellatus Hering, 1937: 259 Other synonyms: White (2006: 121) Material. UGANDA: 1 male, 2 females, S.W., Kabale-Ketuna Rd., 1900m., 23.xii. 1995, I. Yarom & A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. The male and one female from this series have what appears to be a medial vitta, in the form of an orange stripe which broadens posteriorly, and reaches the scutello-scutal suture. This mark is not the same bright colour as the xanthine areas of this species and is therefore probably not a true vitta. Furthermore, both specimens are teneral and this marking may have disappeared had the specimen been allowed to develop fully. None the less this mark could be misinterpreted as a vitta and the revised key (revised couplet 114) reflects this possibility., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Hering, [E.] M. (1937) Neue Bohrfliegen aus der Beckerschen Sammlung. (Dipt.) (16. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 22, 244 - 264.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Psilodacus) gabonensis White Dacus gabonensis White, 2006: 133 Material. TOGO: 1 male, Akpossa Sodo, 2 ��� 21.i. 1982, G.J. Steck (TAU); 1 male, Kpalime, 12.i. 1982, G.J. Steck (TAU). Remarks. New to Togo. White (2006) described this species based on two females and placed it in the Merzi group because of its apparent similarity to D. merzi including the extensive covering of microtrichia in cell c. The discovery of a male indicates that its pecten is vestigial (data included in revised key; revised couplet 255). The original description (based on females) said all femora were bicoloured; this male has entirely yellow fore- and hindfemora. Further to the description, the aculeus apex is pointed (apex exposed in paratype)., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Ambitidacus) luteovittatus sp.n. Figures 1 ��� 6. Diagnosis. As D. elegans Munro, 1984, except: Thorax. Postpronotal lobe bicoloured; notopleural callus yellow (fig. 1); narrower anepisternal stripe (not reaching postpronotal lobe) (fig. 4). Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present. Wing. Without any crossbanding (fig. 6). Legs. Mid- and hindfemora bicoloured (fig. 5). Abdomen. Predominantly black (fig. 2). Description. Size. Medium, wing length, 6.2 mm. Head (fig. 3). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow without a dark spot. Frons, frontal and orbital setae absent. Thorax (figs 1, 4). Scutum predominantly black, except for narrow orange area around medial vitta; postpronotal lobe bicoloured (yellow postero-laterally; black antero-mesally); notopleural callus yellow; notopleural xanthine absent; lateral postsutural vitta apparently absent (there is a trace of a very narrow and very short dark brown diagonal stripe posterior to the notopleural suture); medial postsutural vittae present. Scutellum without any dark patterning (except for deep basal dark margin). Anepisternum with a stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; extended ventrally onto katepisternum, anteriorly to level of anterior notopleural seta. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 6). Basal cells bc and c without a covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia; partly bare in apical half. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete; shallow, not extending below vein R 2 + 3 before wing apex; barely expanded at apex; extended around margin to vein M. Anal streak present (colour extending beyond cell bcu). Cells bc and c hyaline. Without any crossbanding. Legs (fig. 5). Forefemur pale; mid- and hindfemora bicoloured (pale basally, red-brown in apical quarter). Abdomen (fig. 2). Predominantly black, reddish ceromata; shape similar to D. elegans but slightly more elongate. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with pecten, dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2, and hindtibia preapical pad. Female. Unknown. Etymology. Descriptive name for yellow (luteus) medial vitta. Material. Holotype male, CAMEROON: Bamenda, 20km S., 1800m., 22.xi. 1987, A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. Unlike D. elegans this species has an anterior notopleural seta, as do all other species assigned to this subgenus; it shares other species group characters with D. elegans and is therefore tentatively assigned here., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313."]}

Group Seguyi D. seguyi Munro, 1984 is here placed in sg. Lophodacus following the discovery of a specimen that appears to be a male of D. seguyi. The males of D. seguyi and D. acutus have enlarged costagial setae (new data included in revised key; revised couplet 208), which places them within sg. Lophodacus as defined by White (2006). This feature is shared with the Brevis group, within which Hancock & Drew (2006) placed D. seguyi. However, they have microtrichia across the entire depth (at least basally) of the raised narrow subbasal area of wing cell br, unlike almost all other sg. Lophodacus spp., including the Brevis group., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1984) A taxonomic treatise on the Dacidae (Tephritoidea, Diptera) of Africa. Entomology Memoirs, Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, 61, 1 - 313.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156.","Hancock, D. L. & Drew, R. A. I. (2006) A revised classification of subgenera and species groups in Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae). In: Merz, B. (Ed.) Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biology of Tephritoid Flies (Diptera, Tephritoidea); Proceedings of the \" 3 rd Tephritoid Taxonomist's Meeting, Geneva, 19 - 24 July 2004 \". Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, 7, 167 - 205."]}

Dacus (Psilodacus) vestigivittatus sp.n. Figures 110 ��� 117. Diagnosis. Differs from other known species of sg. Psilodacus in having a narrow (sometimes vestigial) medial postsutural vitta (apparently absent in holotype male; fig. 110). As D. annulatus Becker, 1903 except: Thorax. Scutum with anterior supra-alar seta (fig. 11). Wing. Costal band apical spot very large, starting before end of vein R 2 + 3 and reaching vein M (fig. 117). Abdomen. Tergite III dark laterally and medially (fig. 111). Description. Size. Small, wing length, 4.7 ��� 5.2 mm. Head (fig. 113). Pedicel+ 1 st flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow without a dark spot; upper area with an inverted V-shaped dark marking. Frons, frontal setae 2, orbital setae 0. Thorax (figs 110, 114). Scutum black; postpronotal lobe yellow; black antero-mesally; notopleural callus yellow; notopleural xanthine wedge shaped (connected to notopleural callus); lateral postsutural vitta absent; medial postsutural vitta present but very narrow and sometimes apparently absent. Scutellum yellow, without any dark patterning (except for basal dark margin). Anepisternum with a broad yellow stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; extended onto katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. Setae. Anterior notopleural and anterior supraalar setae present. Wing (fig. 117). Basal cells bc and c without an almost complete covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete, not extending below vein r 2 + 3, except apically expanded into a large spot, reaching vein M, and starting before end of vein R 2 + 3. Anal streak present but colour only narrowly extending beyond cell bcu. Cells bc and c hyaline. Without any crossbanding. Legs (fig. 115). Femora pale (yellowish) coloured. Abdomen (fig. 111). Predominantly black; with a yellow submedial (beside black midline) marking extending from halfway of tergite II to anterior of tergite IV, sometimes broadened on tergite II; orange yellow ceromata; sometimes with a small yellow mark antero-submedially on tergite V. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with vestigial pecten (fine pale setae only); no dense area of microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2; hindtibia without "pad". Female (figs 112, 116). Aculeus pointed, deeper than broad (probably not torsion). Etymology. Descriptive name for vestigial medial vitta. Material. Holotype male, KENYA: Nyanza, Ungoye, 1147m., 0o 36.91 ���S, 34 o 5.52 ���E, 25.x. ��� 8.xi. 2005, malaise trap, R.S. Copeland (NMKE). Paratypes: 1 female (BMNH), same data as holotype, 8 ��� 22.vi. 2005, R.S. Copeland; 1 female (MRAC), same locality, 1127m., 0o 36.795 ���S, 34 o 5.345 ���E, 17 ��� 31.viii. 2005, malaise trap, R.S. Copeland. Remarks. No previously described species assigned to sg. Psilodacus has even a trace of a medial vitta and the true position of this species is uncertain. It also lacks a true pecten, although a few long pale hairs could be regarded as a vestigial pecten. Note that the male also has some long setae on the baso-lateral corner of tergite IV which could be mistaken for a pecten., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Becker, T. (1903) Agyptische Dipteren. (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2 (3), 67 - 195."]}

Dacus (Didacus) ciliatus Loew Dacus ciliatus Loew, 1862: 7 Other synonyms: White (2006: 81) Material. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 1 male, Wadi Maidaq, 25 o 18 ���N, 56 o 7 ���E, 4 ��� 15.ii. 2006, A. van Harten (3444) (MHNG); 1 female, Sharjah Desert Park, 25 o 17 ���N, 55 o 42 ���E, 4 ��� 8.xii. 2004, A. van Harten (378), (MHNG). Remarks. This is a widespread African and south Asian species. These two non-African specimens have what appears to be a short medial yellow vitta but unlike most species with a medial vitta, it is confined to the posterior half of the post-scutal area. They also have a small barely discernable yellow mark at the extreme postero-lateral corner of the scutum. In all other respects they appear to be D. ciliatus and as these yellow marks appear to be artifact (or mere surface colour) rather than true vittae, these specimens will not be described as a distinct species. Most specimens of D. ciliatus from UAE are typical of the species but some show signs of the laterotergal xanthine extending onto the anatergite, a feature never observed in Africa., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Loew, H. (1862) Bidrag till kannedomen om Afrikas Diptera. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Forhandlingar. Afd. A. Matematik och Naturvetenskaper (Helsingfors), 19, 3 - 14.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Leptoxyda) velutifrons sp.n. Figures 45 ��� 51. Diagnosis. Differs from other species of sg. Leptoxyda as follows: Wing. Anal streak absent (fig. 51). Male. Tergite III with pecten. Differs from other African Dacus spp. with these character states as follows: Thorax. Notopleural xanthine wedge shaped; lateral postsutural vitta absent; medial postsutural vittae present (fig. 45). Wing. Costal band complete, apically expanded into a large spot (fig. 51). Description. Size. Small, wing length, 5.25 ��� 5.4 mm. Head (fig. 48). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow with a dark spot about twice as high as broad, more than half height of furrow. Frons, with an antero-medial purple velvety round mark; frontal setae 0 ��� 2, orbital setae 0 ��� 1, very fine when present. Thorax (figs 45, 49). Scutum predominantly dark red-brown with indistinct fuscous medial marking, narrow presuturally, expanded laterally to almost fill postsutural area; postpronotal lobe yellow; notopleural callus yellow; notopleural xanthine wedge shaped (connected to notopleural callus); lateral postsutural vitta absent; medial postsutural vittae present, broadest near posterior end. Scutellum without any dark patterning (except for narrow basal dark margin). Anepisternum with a narrow stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; broadly extended onto katepisternum. Lateroterga with a single xanthine across both anatergite and katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta absent; anterior supra-alar seta absent. Wing (fig. 51). Basal cells bc and c with microtrichia confined to distal half; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band complete; filling cell r 2 + 3 before R-M and then narrowly extending below vein R 2 + 3; apically expanded into a large spot, which narrowly reaches vein M and starts just before end of vein R 2 + 3. Anal streak absent. Cells bc and c hyaline. Without any crossbanding. Legs (fig. 50). Femora bicoloured (pale basally and red-brown apical quarter to one-third). Abdomen (fig. 46). Terga I ��� II each black basally, fulvous apically; tergite III black in basal two-thirds remainder red-brown; terga IV ��� V red-brown with a large sublateral black mark; terga III ��� V with a medial black stripe. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with pecten; apparently with dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2 (wing folded and difficult to observe), and hindtibia with a distinct preapical swelling. Female (fig. 47). Aculeus pointed; no torsion. Etymology. Descriptive name for velvety (velutinus) frons. Material. Holotype male, SENEGAL: Abbaye Keur Moussa, 15.vi. 2004, J.F. Vayssieres (RVA 1653) (BMNH); paratype female, same data except, 8.vi. 2004 (RVA 1654) (MRAC). Remarks. In general appearance this species is similar to some members of the Eminus group, e.g. differing from D. siliqualactis in the lack of an anterior notopleural seta, the larger costal band apical spot and the complete dark band across tergite III; and differing from all members of the Eminus group in its lack of an anal streak., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925

Dacus (Lophodacus) nairobensis White Dacus nairobensis White, 2006: 94 Material: TANZANIA: 1 male, 1 female, Same, Rt.B1, 8 ��� 16.ix. 1992, A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. White (2006) tentatively placed D. nairobensis in the Mulgens group of sg. Didacus, because of its lack of an anterior notopleural seta, despite its lack of a complete covering of microtrichia in the narrow subbasal section of cell br. Discovery of a female shows that the aculeus lacks torsion and this species is therefore not a member of the Mulgens group. The general appearance of this species is astonishingly like that of D. apoxanthus, notably the unusual abdomen patterning. The reduced covering of microtrichia in the narrow subbasal part of cell br is also typical of sg. Lophodacus (although complete absence is more typical) and D. nairobensis is therefore transferred to that subgenus. However, it differs from D. apoxanthus in the presence of a pecten and the lack of any enlargement of the costagial setae. Note that although White (2006) correctly stated that the costal band is complete, these additional specimens indicate that it can be so narrow as to be mistaken for absent (allowed for in revised key; revised couplet 212)., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Leptoxyda) parvimaculatus White Dacus parvimaculatus White, 2006: 105 Material. IVORY COAST: 1 male, N. Man Zadepleu Cascades, Pont Liane, 7 o 25 ���N, 7 o 35 ���E, 7.ii. 1998, C. Kassebeer & S. Hilger (TAU). Remarks. This specimen represents both the first record from Ivory Coast, and the first male. It is confirmed that this species has a pecten and associated male characters (included in revised key; revised couplet 107). Unlike the holotype this specimen is in good condition and it can be confirmed that the costal band apical spot is deep, reaching well below vein R 4 + 5, but not as far as vein M., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Psilodacus) iaspideus Munro Dacus (Psilodacus) iaspideus Munro, 1948: 30 Other synonyms: White (2006: 126) Material. TANZANIA: 1 male, Same, Rt.B1, 22.viii. 1996, A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. New to East Africa. This species usually has a dark or at most indistinctly coloured notopleural callus; in this specimen it is entirely yellow., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Munro, H. K. (1948) New African Dacinae (Trypetidae, Dipt.) with some preliminary statistical studies. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 11, 13 - 33.","White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology, Memoir, 2, 1 - 156."]}

Dacus (Psilodacus) kaplanae sp.n. Figures 104 ��� 109. Diagnosis. Differs from all other known African Dacus spp. in its lack of a facial spot (fig. 106), postsutural vittae (fig. 104) and anal streak (fig. 109); combined with presence of anterior supra-alar seta and male pecten, and confinement of laterotergal xanthine to the katatergite (fig. 107). Description. Size. Small, wing length, 5.3 mm. Head (fig. 106). Pedicel+first flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Face, antennal furrow without a dark spot. Frons, frontal setae 1, orbital setae 1. Thorax (figs 104, 107). Scutum predominantly fuscous, with a presutural medial black stripe, and dark fuscous to black postsutural stripes along the acrostichal and dorsocentral lines; postpronotal lobe largely yellow, brown antero-mesally; notopleural callus largely concolorous with scutum; notopleural xanthine indistinct, apparently isolated from notopleural callus; lateral and medial postsutural vitta absent. Scutellum with a dark brown to black basal margin, somewhat expanded medially, almost forming a very shallow triangle. Anepisternum with a stripe from notopleural callus to katepisternum; anteriorly almost reaching postpronotal lobe; extended onto katepisternum. Laterotergal xanthine confined to katatergite. Thoracic setae. Anterior notopleural seta present; anterior supra-alar seta present. Wing (fig. 109). Basal cells bc and c without an extensive covering of microtrichia; cell bm without microtrichia. Narrow subbasal raised section of cell br with extensive covering of microtrichia; partly bare in apical half. Crossvein R-M beyond middle of cell dm. Costal band reduced to a small apical spot and indistinct infuscation in cell r 1. Anal streak absent. Cells bc and c hyaline. Without any crossbanding. Legs (fig. 108). Forefemur pale, mid- and hindfemur pale to barely discernably bicolored (yellow, pale brown in apical fifth). Abdomen (fig. 105). Predominantly red-brown medially, black laterally. Tergites I ��� V all fused. Male. Tergite III with pecten, and distinct hindtibia preapical pad; no dense microtrichia adjacent end A 1 +Cu 2. Female. Unknown. Etymology. Patronym for Dr. (Ms) F. Kaplan, who collected the holotype. Material. Holotype male, MALAWI, North Viphya Mts., 1800m., Rt.M1, 20km n.Chikangawa, 21.ix. 1998, F. Kaplan & A. Freidberg (TAU). Remarks. Despite being apparently allied to the Schoutedeni and Merzi groups, this species is most likely to be confused with D. stylifer Bezzi, 1919 and D. pergulariae Munro 1938 b, from which it differs in the male having a pecten., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925, {"references":["Bezzi, M. (1919) New Ethiopian fruit-flies of the genera Tridacus and Dacus (Dipt.). Bulletin of EntomologicalResearch, 9, 177 - 182.","Munro, H. K. (1938 b) New Trypetidae from Kenya Colony. II. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society, 13, 159 - 167."]}

Group Insolitus A new group for a single species, which is similar to those in the Mulgens group in its aculeus shape and torsion, and lack of anterior notopleural seta; it differs from those species in its lack of a dark spot in the antennal furrow and extensive covering of microtrichia in cells bc and c., Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274925