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Cueta sauteri (Esben-Petersen, 1913) (Figs. 1, 2) Size: body length (including mandibles) 15.0���16.0 mm, body width (widest part) 5.7 ���6.0 mm, head length (without mandibles) 1.8���1.9 mm, head width (widest part) 1.9���2.0 mm, length of the mandibles 2.0���2.1 mm. Head: yellowish brown. Head capsule approximately square, posterior margin of the head arc-shaped. The dorsal side of head capsule with numerous bristles, a pair of oblique dark stripes near posterior margin, another pair of oblique dark stripes in anterior part (Fig. 5). Ventral side of head bare, with a pair of oblique convergent dark brown stripes near anterior margin, close to each other posteriorly and far separated anteriorly (Fig. 6). Mandible yellowish brown and dark brown at the apex. Mandibular teeth yellowish brown with dark brown apex. Mandibular length almost equal to the length of head capsule, with three teeth; distal tooth shorter than middle tooth; distance between tooth 1 and 2 longer than distance between tooth 2 and 3; mandible without bristles between the third tooth and apex of the mandible, 1 bristle between tooth 3 and 2, 2���3 bristles between tooth 2 and 1; setae on external margin of mandible shorter than mandibular greatest width (Fig. 7). Antennae filiform, long and slender (Fig. 15). Ocular tubercles prominent, dark brown, consists of seven dark brown or black stemmata, six stemmata on the dorsal side of ocellar tubercle and one on the ventral side (Figs. 15, 16). No bristle is among stemmata. Labial palpi pale, longer than basal width of mandible, four segmented, the third article slightly longer than the second (Fig. 11). Thorax: trapezoid, prothorax is the narrowest segment. Tergites yellowish brown with scarce dark spots and sparse bristles, sternites yellowish white (Fig. 19). Dorsal side of thorax without punctum; lateral scoli no distinctly prominent, with tufts of bristles; mesothoracic spiracle with elongated peduncles (Figs. 17, 19). Abdomen: 10 -segmented, the 10 th segment invaginated. Tergites yellowish brown and sternum yellow white. No evident lateral scoli; each segment with a dorsal pair of dark brown to black spots, ventral side yellow to white with some black spots (Figs. 1, 2); sternite VIII with a pair of conspicuous brown teeth and some stout setae at posterior margin (Fig. 20); sternite IX with two rows of lateral long bristles (anterior row 6 bristles, posterior row 6 bristles), coniform digging bristles in 4 rows (2, 2, 2, 8) (Figs. 20, 21). Examined material. 3 larvae, Ledong, Hainan Province, China (18 �� 45 ��� N, 109 �� 10 ��� E), XI. 2007, Zhi-Liang Wang (CAU0015���CAU0017). All the specimens were deposited in ICCAU., Published as part of Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Xubo & Wang, Xinli, 2013, Larvae of Cueta sauteri (Esben-Petersen) and Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae): description and behavioral notes, pp. 362-370 in Zootaxa 3734 (3) on page 363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3734.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/217488

Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941) (Figs. 3, 4) Size: body length (including mandibles) 14.5���15.0 mm, body width (widest part) 4.8���5.0 mm, head length (without mandibles) 2.0���2.1 mm, head width (widest part) 1.8���1.9 mm, length of the mandibles 2.5���2.6 mm. Head: dark brown from dorsal view and yellow brown from ventral view. Head capsule is approximately oval with numerous bristles. Two pairs of oblique dark stripes on posterior part and 3 black spots near anterior margin from dorsal view (Fig. 8); ventral side of head capsule with two dark brown stripes near each other anteriorly and far separated posteriorly (Fig. 9). Mandible yellowish brown and dark brown at apex. Mandibular teeth yellowish brown with dark brown apex. Mandibular length longer than head capsule length, with three teeth; tooth 3 longer than 2; all teeth usually equidistant; 1���2 bristles between the third tooth and apex of mandible, 2���3 bristles between tooth 2 and 3; the longest setae on exterior margin of mandible longer than mandibular greatest width (Fig. 10). Antennae filiform, long and slender (Fig. 13). Ocular tubercle black, consisiting of 7 dark stemmata (Figs. 13, 14). Some bristles are among stemmata. Labial palpi shorter than basal width of mandible, three segments, the third segment darker (Fig. 12). Thorax: trapezoid, prothorax is the narrowest segment. Tergites dark brown with scarce dark spots and numerous bristles, sternum yellow brown (Fig. 22). Each notum with a pair of punctums; lateral scoli welldeveloped with tufts of bristles; mesothoracic spiracle no enlongated peduncles (Figs. 18, 22). Abdomen: 10 -segmented, the 10 th segment invaginated. Tergites dark brown with black spots and sternum yellow brown with some black spots and simply tubercles (Figs. 3, 4); sternite VIII with a pair of inconspicuous yellow teeth at posterior margin (Fig. 23); sternite IX with two rows of lateral long bristles (anterior row 6, posterior row 6), oblate digging bristles in 3 rows (2, 4, 8) (Figs. 23, 24). Examined material. 5 larvae, Beidaihe, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China (39 �� 49 ��� N, 119 �� 28 ��� E), 19. VII. 2008, Xu-Bo Zhang (CAU0041���CAU0045). All the specimens were deposited in ICCAU. Larvae of Cueta sauteri and Myrmeleon bore are capable of constructing similar conical pitfall traps in loose soil and sand, and then wait for preys at the bottom of the traps. In the laboratory, we observed that the larvae of these two species only move backwards on sand surface. The digging activity of C. sauteri larvae includes three stages. During the first stage, the larva backs into the sand and stays still for a period of time. In the second stage, the larva moves around randomly (backwards) just beneath the sand surface, and then selects an appropriate location and excavates the initial circular furrow of the pit. In the third stage, the larva moves backward to the center with spiral movements in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction and then the funnel traps are finished. These backward movements are accompanied by a sandtossing behavior of the head and mandibles. Just before the pupation occurs, the third instar larvae of C. sauteri no longer build funnel-shaped pits. The larvae crawl around in the sand and then make a cocoon. Pupation occurs in a cocoon made of silk and tiny particles of soil. The pitbuilding behavior and pupation of Cueta sauteri is similar to that of Myrmeleon bore reported by Gepp et al. (1989). But when the larvae of M. bore are waiting for a prey at the bottom of the trap, the body is covered with sand as the mandible and a portion of the head are exposed. Sometimes, the mandible and the entire head capsule are exposed to the outside environment., Published as part of Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Xubo & Wang, Xinli, 2013, Larvae of Cueta sauteri (Esben-Petersen) and Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae): description and behavioral notes, pp. 362-370 in Zootaxa 3734 (3) on pages 365-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3734.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/217488

Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Xubo, Wang, Xinli (2013): Larvae of Cueta sauteri (Esben-Petersen) and Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae): description and behavioral notes. Zootaxa 3734 (3): 362-370, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.3.5

Key to Chinese species of Euroleon 1. Wings without colored spot, abdomen black.............................................................................................. E. sjostedti. - Wings with colored spots, abdomen black or yellow to pale brown.......................................................................... 2. 2. Wings with numerous spots, axillary plate large ........................................................................................... polypilus. - Wings with a few spots, axillary plate small............................................................................................................... 3. 3. Spots on face and labrum pale or missing, length of forewing 22���28 mm................................................... E. parvus. - Spots on face and labrum dark brown or black, length of forewing longer than 28 mm........................................... 4. 4. Body black, pronotum black with yellow line medially, some individuals with two submedial apical spots, two lat- eral stems of mediuncus in male genitalia strongly sclerotized and deeply curved as in Figs. 12���14...... E. coreanus. - Body yellow or pale brown, pronotum yellow or pale brown with brown strips, two lateral stems of mediuncus in male genitalia not well-sclerotized and lightly curved as in Figs. 9���11 .................................... E. flavicorpus sp. nov., Published as part of Ao, Weiguang, Zhang, Xubo, ��brah��m, Levente & Wang, Xili, 2009, A new species of the antlion genus Euroleon Esben-Petersen from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 53-56 in Zootaxa 2303 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275322

Euroleon flavicorpus Wang sp. nov. (Figs. 1���11) Holotype: ��, CHINA: Shanxi Province: Yangcheng County, 2007. VIII.09, Xubo Zhang, reared (CAUN 100698). Paratypes. CHINA: Shanxi Province: 2 33, Yangcheng County, 2007.VIII.0 9, Xubo Zhang, reared (CAUN 100701, CAUN 100717); 1 3, Yangcheng County, 2007. VIII.08, Xubo Zhang, reared (CAUN 100704); 4 ��, Yangcheng County, 2007. VIII.08, Xubo Zhang, reared (CAUN 100699, CAUN 100700, CAUN 100702, CAUN 100705); 2 ��, Yangcheng County, 2007. VIII.09, Xubo Zhang, reared (CAUN 100703, CAUN 100716); Ningxia Province: 2 33, Liupan Mountain Guyuan 2008. VI. 8, Xubo Zhang, reared; 1 ��, Liupan Mountain Guyuan, 2008. VIII. 8. Xubo Zhang. (CAUN 100800). Diagnosis. Head yellow, vertex inflated with four longitudinal big black marks medially and four transverse black marks laterally; pronotum yellow or pale brown, with two brown, short longitudinal stripes on anterior part of pronotum and two brown, thin bands near posterior margin; abdomen yellow or pale brown; two lateral stems of mediuncus in male genitalia weakly sclerotized and slightly curved. Description. Male: forewing 28���32 mm, hind wing 23���27 mm, body length 23���34 mm; female: forewing 30���38 mm, hind wing 24���30 mm, body length 25���35 mm. Head: Yellow, vertex inflated with four longitudinal big black marks medially and four transverse black marks laterally (Fig. 4). Compound eye dark; frons black, area between antennae brown to pale brown. Face yellow with two black spots connecting in the middle; labrum yellow with two black spots proximate to each other (Fig. 5). Maxillary palpus brown to dark brown except pale brown at base; labial palpus thin and long, pale brown on mesal surface and dark brown on lateral surface, terminal segment long and spindle-shaped. Antenna clavate; scape pale brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown. Thorax: Pronotum grayish yellow with sparse black and white short setae. Two brown short longitudinal stripes on anterior part of pronotum and two brown thin bands near posterior margin (Fig. 6); Mesothorax and metathorax brown yellow to pale brown with brown lateral stripes proximate to wings, middle of metathorax with an orange to black transverse stripe. Legs: Long and slender, yellow or pale brown with sparse black setae and dense short setae. 5 th tarsomere longer than 1 st tarsomere; tibial spur reaching end of first tarsomere; claw and tibial spurs brown or dark brown. Wings: Hyaline; venation pale brown. Forewing (Fig. 1): Sc and R dark brown alternating with pale brown; anastomosis of Sc and R dark brown; four cross veins between R and Rs dark brown; 6���7 cross veins between M and CuA dark brown; anastomosis of CuA 2 and CuP+ 1 A dark brown; costal area with only one row of cells, some cross veins mainly near stigma with a small fork; eight presectoral cross veins; CuA 2 parallel along CuP+ 1 A for considerable distance; posterior Banksian line distinct. Hindwing (Fig. 2): Sc and R dark brown alternating with pale brown in basal 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 portion; two cross veins between R and Rs dark brown; 2���3 cross veins between M and CuA 1 brown, inconspicuous; anastomosis of CuA 2 and CuP+ 1 A brown, inconspicuous, in some cases these small spots much less evident; CuA 2 parallel along CuP+ 1 A for considerable distance; posterior Banksian line distinct. Male with pilula axillaxis. Abdomen: Shorter than hind wing; yellow or pale brown; terminal portion darker; hind edge of each segment paler. Female genitalia ( Figs. 7���8): 8 th sternite tapering posteriorly, anterior gonapophyses fingerlike, posterior gonapophyses short and wide, lateral gonapophyses tapering anteriorly. Male genitalia (Figs. 9���11): Gonarcus arcshaped, strongly sclerotized. Mediuncus bridge-shaped, two stems short, slender, weakly sclerotized, middle stem long, strongly sclerotized. Parameres auriculate, subacuminate terminally. Distribution. China: Shanxi, Ningxia. Remarks. Euroleon flavicorpus sp. nov. is very similar to E. coreanus but can be distinguished by body color, pattern of pronotum and male genitalia. The morphological characters and behavior of the larvae of E. coreanus and E. flavicorpus sp. nov. are similar, but the body color of E. coreanus is darker than that of flavicorpus sp. nov. Etymology: flav - L. yellow; -corpus L. body; referring to the body color is mainly yellow., Published as part of Ao, Weiguang, Zhang, Xubo, ��brah��m, Levente & Wang, Xili, 2009, A new species of the antlion genus Euroleon Esben-Petersen from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 53-56 in Zootaxa 2303 on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275322

Euroleon Esben-Petersen, 1918 Euroleon Esben-Petersen, 1918: 125. Type species: Myrmeleon europaeus McLachlan, by original designation. Krivokhatsky, 1994: 49 -61. [Biology and key to larvae]; Formicaleo Geoffroy in Fourcroy 1785: 360. Type species: Myrmeleon nostras Geoffroy in Fourcroy, by monotype; Synonymized by Leraut 1980: 240. Formicileo Agassiz 1847: 156; Synonymized by Leraut 1980: 240 (unjustified emendation of Formicaleo). Teula Nav��s 1930: 5. Type species: Teula sinica Nav��s, by monotype. Synonymized by H��lzel 1970: 128. Diagnosis. Costal area with a single row of cells, some cross veins mainly near stigma with a small fork; forewing CuA 2 running parallel along CuP+ 1 A for considerable distance; large black spots on vertex. Distribution. Asia; Europe, Published as part of Ao, Weiguang, Zhang, Xubo, ��brah��m, Levente & Wang, Xili, 2009, A new species of the antlion genus Euroleon Esben-Petersen from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 53-56 in Zootaxa 2303 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275322, {"references":["Esben-Petersen, P. (1918) Help-notes towards the determination and the classification of the European Myrmeleonidae. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 12, 97 - 127.","Krivokhatsky, V. A. (1994) Antlion Larvae of the genus Euroleon E. - P. (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae [in Russian]. Proceedings of the Kharkov Entomological Society 2: 49 - 61.","Geoffroy in Fourcroy, A. F. de (1785) Entomologia Parisiensis; sive catalogus insectorum, quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur, Paris, 544 pp.","Leraut, P. (1980) Liste des Planipennes de France (Neuroptera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 85, 237 - 253.","Agassiz, J. L. R. (1847) Nomenclator Zoologicus (index universalis) continens nomina systematica generum animalum tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationbus. Soloduri: Jent et Grassman, Fasciculus 1 - 12, [viii] + 393 pp.","Navas, L. (1930) Insectos del Museo de Paris. 5. a serie. Broteria (Serie Zoologica), 26, 5 - 24.","Holzel, H. (1970) Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 222. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Myrmeleoniden der Mongolei (Neuroptera-Planipennia). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientarum Hungaticae, 16, 115 - 136."]}

Key to Chinese species of Euroleon 1. Wings without colored spot, abdomen black.............................................................................................. E. sjostedti. - Wings with colored spots, abdomen black or yellow to pale brown.......................................................................... 2. 2. Wings with numerous spots, axillary plate large ........................................................................................... polypilus. - Wings with a few spots, axillary plate small............................................................................................................... 3. 3. Spots on face and labrum pale or missing, length of forewing 22–28 mm................................................... E. parvus. - Spots on face and labrum dark brown or black, length of forewing longer than 28 mm........................................... 4. 4. Body black, pronotum black with yellow line medially, some individuals with two submedial apical spots, two lat- eral stems of mediuncus in male genitalia strongly sclerotized and deeply curved as in Figs. 12–14...... E. coreanus. - Body yellow or pale brown, pronotum yellow or pale brown with brown strips, two lateral stems of mediuncus in male genitalia not well-sclerotized and lightly curved as in Figs. 9–11 .................................... E. flavicorpus sp. nov.

Ao, Weiguang, Zhang, Xubo, Ábrahám, Levente, Wang, Xili (2009): A new species of the antlion genus Euroleon Esben-Petersen from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Zootaxa 2303: 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275322