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Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. (Fig. 11) Taxon 9: 51 (Wijk & Margadant 1960). Macromitrium thraustophyllum Müll. Hal. ex Broth., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 24: 242 (Brotherus 1897). — Micromitrium thraustophyllum (Müll. Hal. ex Broth.) Paris, Index Bryologicus 3: 241 (Paris 1905). — Groutiella thraustophylla (Müll. Hal. ex Broth.) Wijk & Margad., Taxon 9: 51 (Wijk & Margadant 1960). — Type: Cameroon. An Bäumen und Ästen bei Bibundi, Tokko und Buea, Dusén s.n. (isosyn-, PC!), syn. nov. Macromitrium subgoniorrhynchum Broth., Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 84: 391 (Brotherus 1908). — Micromitrium subgoniorrhynchum (Broth.) Broth., Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Zweite Auflage 11: 45 (Brotherus 1925). — Groutiella subgoniorrhyncha (Broth.) Wijk & Margad., Taxon 9: 51 (Wijk & Margadant 1960). — Type: Samoa. Savai’i Island, “ Insel Savaii. Krater Maungaafi.”, syn. nov. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Angola. Cuarza River, 1937, Boss s.n. (MO). Australia. Queensland, Cook, Norris 43540, 40897, 43099, 43108 (NSW). Belize. Cayo, Las Cuevas Field Station, Allen 18062 (MO); Toledo, Columbia River Forest Reserve, Allen 18613 (MO). Bolivia. La Paz, Franz Tamayo, Fuentes et al. 4060 (MO); Santa Cruz, Prov. Ichilo, Churchill & Arroyo P. 21527-B (MO). Brazil. Amazonas, “ibidem loco Tanaú,” Spruce 110c (syntype of G. fragilis, NY); “in campis montecidensibus,” s.d., F. Sellow s.n. (lecto-, H); Pará, Serra do Cachimbo, Reese 16161 (MO); Base Aérea do Cachimbo & vic., Reese 16128 (MO); Sergipe, Rio Tabora, Vital 2874 (MO). Cameroon. Bipinde, Urwaldgebiet, Zenker 2186 (HBG); “an Baumstämmen und Baumästen bei Etome, Lifenja, Bonge, ltoki und Ekumba-Liongo”, Dusen s.n. (type of G. sarcotricha, PC). China. Yunnan, Simao Co., Xu 6959, 11337 (MO, PE). Colombia. Putumayo, Carretera between Mocoa and Puerto Asis, Giraldo-Cañas 2163 (MO). Comoros. Anjouan (Ndzuwani), W of Gegi, Magill & Pócs 11432 (MO); Grande Comore (Ngazidja), N of Massif du Kartala, Magill & Pócs 10947 (MO); along road between Koimbani & Salimani, Magill & Pócs 10960 (MO). Costa Rica. Guanacaste, along secondary road 150 between Tilarán & Tronadora, Crosby 3740 (MO); San José, Meseta Central, Holz CR 99-1344 (MO). Ecuador. Galápagos, Isla Santa Cruz, Weber B-13523 (MO). Gabon. Gabon, Bamba, Leits 6149 (HBG). Ghana. Eastern, Ahuri Bot. Garden near Accra, Richards 6302, 6966 (MO). Guinea. “Arbres pres de Bourouhadjo, Apr. 1901 ”, Norman s.n. (syntype of G. limbatula, PC); “Arbres pres Dango, Mar. 1901 ”, Norman s.n. (syntype of G. pleurosigmoidea, PC); Kankan, Kouroussa, “ad ramnlos editiores arborum viae, 1903”, H. Pobeguini s.n. (syntype of G. pobeguinii, PC). Honduras. Atlántida, Pico Bonito Natl. Park, Allen 17285 (MO); Comayagua, trail from San José Del Los Planes to El Plan, Allen 13755 (MO); Copán, along rd. to Agua Caliente at El Zapote, Allen 17733 (MO); Yoro, Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Allen 13513 (MO). Indonesia. Java, Samarang prope Medini, monte Ungaran, s. coll. (syntype of G. goniorrhyncha, NY); Tjibodas, Winkler 176 (HBG); Lombok, Mt. Rinjani, Sebert 1545 (NSW); Sumatra, s.l., Teysmann s.n. (NY). Ivory Coast. Dix-Huit Montagnes, Mt. Toukovi Bei Man, Frahm 802971 (MO). Jamaica. St. James Parish, Montego Bay, Hegewald 8219 (MO); St. Thomas Parish, W of Arntully & May Hall, Crosby 3350 (MO). Mauritius. S.l., 1876, Monkemeyer s.n. (HBG). Mexico. México, 22-24 mi. WSW of Mexico City, Reese 4447 (MO); Veracruz, Sierra de la Cruz, Mueller 2261a (syntype of G. schlumbergeri, NY); s.l., V. de Robillard (lectotype of G. laxtoquata, H). Nicaragua. Estelí, N slope of Cerro Tomabú, Stevens 15016 (MO); Jinotega, c. 2 km NW of San Rafael del Norte on rd., Stevens & Grijalva 15070 (MO); s.l., Schiede s.n. (HBG). Nigeria. Bendel, Benin Prov., Okomu Forest Reserve, Richards 3936 (MO); Minna, Abuja Distr., Garki Kuimi, Jones 887 (MO); Ogoja, Ikom, Afi River Forest Reserve, Jones 18947 (MO); Obudu division, Sonkwala area, Savory & Keay 25141 (MO). Panama. Panamá, along rd. around Goofy Lake, Crosby 4346 (MO). Papua New Guinea. Morobe, Yabim, 1903, J. Kaulfuss s.n. (HBG, NSW). Philippines. St-Andre-des-Arts, Paris s.n. (HBG); Luzon Island, Rizal Prov., Ramos 12550 (NSW); Sablang Prov., Fénix 12806 (NSW); Benguet Prov., Elmer 8345 (NSW). Sierra Leone. Western, Leicester Peak, 1948, Brenan s.n. (MO). Suriname. Brokopondo, Brownsberg Nat. Reserve, Magombo 5325 (MO); Para, Joden Savanne, Allen 19459 (MO); Paramaribo, s.l., Price 370 (NSW); Sipaliwini, Kayserberg Airstrip, Allen 25041 (MO). Tanzania. Tanga, Korogwe Distr., Brenan 1621 (MO). Thailand. Northern, Ban Mae Pang 30 km N of Mae Sariang, Larsen et al. 2362 (MO); 30 km S of Bo Luang along Om Koi trail, Larsen et al. 2060 (MO); Doi Pha Dam between Hang Dong & Bo Luang, Larsen et al. 2197 (MO); Peninsular, Yala, Charoenphol et al. 4140 (MO); Prachinburi, Khao Yai Natl. Park, Khao Khieo, Larsen et al. 137, 224 (MO). Trinidad and Tobago. St. George, Northern Range, near summit of Lalaja Rd., Crosby 2145 (MO). Unknown country. Longbiou, Uerhawk? s.n. (HBG); Menigsea[?], Vecas Caiccy?, Sumichrash s.n. (NSW). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. —The tropical region of the world. On bark of tree trunks and branches, rotten logs, and rocks; 5-1880 m. DESCRIPTION For description, see Brotherus 1908, 1897; Grout 1946; Florschütz-de 1964; Vitt & Crum 1970; Gangulee 1976; Crum & Anderson 1981; Vitt & Ramsay 1985; Vitt 1994; Wu 1994; Churchill & Linares 1995; Vitt et al. 1995; Allen 2002. COMMENTS In Africa, Bizot (1965, 1973) and Yu et al. (2011) treated five species as synonyms of G. tomentosa. G. thraustophylla, an old Cameroon species, was described by Müller (in Brotherus 1897), noted that “speciei praecedenti M. sarcotrichum Müll. Hal. (accepted name: Groutiella tomentosa) quoad foliorum structura omuino conveniens”. The differences between G. thraustophylla and G. sarcotrichum (accepted name: G. tomentosa) were “sed statura multo giaciliore; ramulis laxius dispositis, foliis crispulo-imbricatis, summo apice ramuli tantum indistincte spiraliter contortis, dorso rugulosis dignoscenda” (Müller in Brotherus 1897). The variation of the charateristics mentioned is all within the concept of G. tomentosa. Here we treat G. thraustophylla as a synonym of G. tomentosa. Brotherus described the leaves of Groutiella subgoniorrhyncha as being “oblongo-lanceolata, sensim auguste acuminate, acumine saepe diffracto”, the characters of leaf shape, apex are all identical to the ones of G. tomentosa. We confirmed Brotherus’ description based on the type specimen; therefore, we treat it as a synonym of G. tomentosa. The diagnostic characters for Groutiella tomentosa are the fragile, cuspidate to stoutly subulate leaves and the papillose basal leaf cells. The long, fragile subulae of the upper leaves are usually wider and fewer in the specimens from Africa than from other places (e.g. Magill 11432, Magill & Pócs 10960). G. reesei is the only other species with fragile leaf apex in the genus, the differences between them can be found in discussion of G. reesei. G. tuberculata B.H. Allen & I.H. Holz another species in the genus with papillose basal leaf cells, but the papilla of itis much more obvious than G. tomentosa, meanwhile it never has a fragile apex. There are some differences between the upper and lower leaves in G. tomentosa. The upper leaves are narrowed to a long, fragile subula (to 1 mm long). While the lower leaves usually have acute, non-fragile tips, which are similar to the leaves of G. chimborazensis, but G. chimborazensis never has a long, fragile leaf apex., Published as part of Yu, Ning-Ning & Jia, Yu, 2023, A world revisionary study of the genus Groutiella Steere (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida), pp. 161-182 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (7) on pages 174-178, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a7, http://zenodo.org/record/8155687, {"references":["WIJK R. & MARGADANT W. D. 1960. - New combinations in Mosses IV. Taxon 9 (2): 50 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1217838","BROTHERUS V. F. 1897. - Musci africani II. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 24: 232 - 284.","PARIS E. G. 1905. - Index Bryologicus 3. Author, Geneve: 241 - 242.","BROTHERUS V. F. 1908. - Musci, in RECHINGER K. (ed.), Botanische und zoologische ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungsreise nach den Samoa-Inseln etc. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 84: 391.","BROTHERUS V. F. 1925. - Musci (Laubmoose), in ENGLER H. G. A. & P RANTL K. (eds), Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin: 45.","GROUT A. J. 1946. - Orthotrichaceae, in BRITTON N. L. (ed.), North American Flora. Vol. 15. Part. 1. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx: 38 - 41.","FLORSCHUTZ-DE W. J. 1964. - Orthotrichaceae, in PULLE A. & LANJOUW J. (eds.), Flora of Suriname. Vol. 6. Part 1. Royal Institute of the Indies, Amsterdam: 207 - 215.","VITT D. H. & CRUM H. 1970. - Groutiella tomentosa new to the United States. The Bryologist 73 (1): 145 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3241594","GANGULEE H. C. 1976. - Mosses of Eastern India and Adjacent Regions. Vol. 2. Privately published, Calcutta: 1192 - 1194.","CRUM H. A. & ANDERSON L. E. 1981. - Mosses of Eastern North America. Columbia University Press, New York: 736 - 738.","VITT D. H. & RAMSAY H. P. 1985. - The Macromitium Complex in Australasia (Orthotrichaceae: Bryopsida). Part I. Taxon and Phylogenetic Relationships. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 59: 325 - 451","VITT D. H. 1994. - Orthotrichaceae, in SHARP A. J., CRUM H. & ECKEL P. M. (eds), Moss Flora of Mexico. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 69: 590 - 656.","WU P. C. 1994. - Notes on some moss genera new to China, in Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.), Botany Research. Science Press, Beijing: 133 - 138.","CHURCHILL S. P. & LINARES E. L. 1995. - Prodromus bryologiae Novo-Granatensis. Instituto de Ciencias Naturlales Museo de Historia Natural Umiversidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafe de Bogota: 455 - 924.","VITT D. H., KOPPONEN T. & NORRIS D. H. 1995. - Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LV. Desmotheca, Groutiella, Macrocoma and Macromitrium (Orthotrichaceae, Musci). Acta Botanica Fennica 154: 1 - 94.","ALLEN B. H. 2002. - Moss Flora of Central America Part 2. Encalyptaceae-Orthotrichaceae. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 536 - 559.","BIZOT M. 1965. - Quelques Mousses d'Afrique occidentale. Revue bryologique et lichenologique 33: 494 - 497.","BIZOT M. 1973. - Mousses Africaines Recoltees par M. Denes Balazs. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 18: 7 - 28.","YU N. N., JIA Y. & ZHAO J. C. 2011. - Synonymy and typifications in Groutiella tomentosa (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida). Novon 21 (2): 290 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2009137"]}

Groutiella husnotii (Besch.) H.A. Crum & Steere (Fig. 7) The Bryologist 53: 147 (Crum & Steere 1950). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Brazil. S.l., Tello s.n. (HBG[2189-4]). Colombia. Cundinamarca, Villeta Municipio, Linares & Churchill 4138 (MO); Magdalena, Filo Cartagena, Churchill & Linares 18419 (MO). Dominica. St. George, Hegewald 9430 (MO). Honduras. Comayagua, from Agua Amarilla to San José Del Los Planes, Allen 14033B (MO). Martinique. St. Pierre, Husnot 145 (holo-, PC, NY); s.l., s.n. (HBG [2189-8]). Puerto Rico. Barranquitas, Steere 4605 (MO); Jayuya, 29.III.1929, Laubengayer s.n. (MO); 30.III.1929, Laubengayer s.n. (MO); Villalba, Steere 6852 (MO); Cayey, Steere 5101 (MO); Steere 5245 (MO); Adjuntas, Steere 7180 (MO). Venezuela. Lara, Seirra de Portuguesa, Griffin 334 (MO); Mérida, Distrito Libertador, Griffin et al. 017508 (MO); Monagas, Caripe, Pursell 8479 (MO); Santa Inés, Pursell 8955 (MO). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — The tropical region of America. On bark, or on rocks; (140-) 900-1800 m. DESCRIPTION For description, see Grout 1946; Churchill & Linares 1995; Allen 2002. COMMENTS The extraordinary character of Groutiella husnotii is that the height of leaf marginal border is the tallest in Groutiella, which usually extends to 2/3 of the leaf, and even can reach into the apex.The length of the stout apiculus which is formed by the excurrent costa varies in length from 90 µm (e.g. Hegewald 9430) to 240 µm (e.g. Steere 7180). Crosby (1970) pointed out that G. apiculata was similar to G. husnoti since they both have a stout apicula and excurrent costa, therefore, G. apiculata and G. husnotii could be confused by each other (e.g. HBG[2189-4] identified to G. apiculata). However, G. husnotii can be easily identified by its longer limbidia (2/3 of leaf, Fig. 7 G-H) and a lanceolate leaf with acute to acuminate apex, at the same time, G. apiculata differs in much shorter limbidia (1/3 of leaf) and a lingulate leaf with obtuse apex (Figs 4 G-H; 7F)., Published as part of Yu, Ning-Ning & Jia, Yu, 2023, A world revisionary study of the genus Groutiella Steere (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida), pp. 161-182 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (7) on page 170, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a7, http://zenodo.org/record/8155687, {"references":["CRUM H. A. & STEERE W. C. 1950. - Additions to the moss flora of Panama. The Bryologist 53 (2): 139 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3240382","GROUT A. J. 1946. - Orthotrichaceae, in BRITTON N. L. (ed.), North American Flora. Vol. 15. Part. 1. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx: 38 - 41.","CHURCHILL S. P. & LINARES E. L. 1995. - Prodromus bryologiae Novo-Granatensis. Instituto de Ciencias Naturlales Museo de Historia Natural Umiversidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafe de Bogota: 455 - 924.","ALLEN B. H. 2002. - Moss Flora of Central America Part 2. Encalyptaceae-Orthotrichaceae. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 536 - 559.","CROSBY M. R. 1970. - A study of Groutiella apiculata and G. mucronifolia. The Bryologist 73: 607 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3241500"]}

Yu, Ning-Ning, Jia, Yu (2023): A world revisionary study of the genus Groutiella Steere (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida). Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (7): 161-182, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2

Groutiella tuberculata B.H. Allen & I.H. Holz (Fig. 12) Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 555 (Allen 2002). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Costa Rica. San José, Cordillera de Talamanca, 4 km N San Gerardo de Dota and 1 km W of Jaboncillo, Holz CR 99-981 (iso-, MO). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Central America. On bark of branches, 2900 m. DESCRIPTION For description, see Allen (2002). COMMENTS Groutiella tuberculata is easy to be recognized for its consistently papillose basal leaf cells. Groutiella tomentosa is the other species of the genus with papillose basal leaf cells. The differences between them provided in the discussion of G. tomentosa. G. husnotii and G. macrorrhyncha are similar to G. tuberculata in having lanceolate and cripate leaves, however, they have smooth basal leaf cells, while, G. husnotii differs in a longer limbidia extending to 2/3 or more of leaf length, and G. macrorrhyncha differs in stoutly excurrent costa.

Groutiella macrorrhyncha (Mitt. ex Bosch & Sande Lac.) Wijk & Margad. (Fig. 8) Taxon 9: 51 (Wijk & Margadant 1960). Micromitrium maracaibense Broth., Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg 8: 403 (Brotherus 1931). — Groutiella maracaibensis (Broth.) B.H. Allen & Goffinet, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 544 (Allen 2002). — Type: Venezuela. Maracaibo, E. von Jess s.n. (syn-, H!), syn. nov. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Costa Rica. Alajuela, Monte Verde, McQueen 5048A (MO); Cartago, Tapantí Forest Reserve, Griffin & Eakin 019960 (MO). Indonesia. Java, 1906, Pamplin s.n. (syn-, NY). Nicaragua. Matagalpa, Hamonia, I. Granzow de la Cerda 11611 (MO). Panama. Cerro Colorado, Allen 5349 (MO). Venezuela. Maracaibo, E. von Jess s.n. (syn-, H). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — The tropical region of America; Indonesia Islands (Java). On bark of tree trunks, upper branches, and twigs; 1000-1500 m. DESCRIPTION For description, seeMitten 1860; Brotherus 1931; Allen 2002. COMMENTS G. maracaibensis was published by Brotherus in 1931, as Micromitrium maracaibense Broth. and transferred to Groutiella by Allen and Goffinet in 2002.Mitten published Macromitrium macrorrhynchum Mitt. ex Bosch & Sande Lac. (accepted name: Groutiella macrorrhyncha, fide Wijk & Margadant 1960) in 1860 based on the “oblongo-lingulata” leaves and the excurrent costa. The characters of the type specimen from NY display Groutiella macrorrhyncha leaves as oblong-lanceolate with excurrent costa, with gradually acute to acuminate apices, which areidentical to G. maracaibensis. In this paper, Groutiella maracaibensis is synonymised under G. macrorrhycha. After this treatment, G. macrorrhycha distributes in both New and Old world continents. G. tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. is another species in this genus distributed pantropically. Groutiella macrorrhyncha has lanceolate leaves with stoutly excurrent costae, and are clearly crispate when dry. There is a variation in the apices of G. macrorrhyncha where the apices are only gradually acute (e.g. Griffin et al. 19960, D’Acay 6481), or acuminate (e.g. Allen 5349). Groutiella chimborazensis has lanceolate leaves with short acuminate apices and crispate when dry, so it is difficult to distinguish it from G. macrorrhyncha in habit. However, G.chimborazensis differs from G. macrorrhyncha in the percurrent costa or costa almost ending below the apex (Fig. 6G), while G. macrorrhyncha has an excurrent costa (Fig. 8J).

Groutiella reesei (Vitt) B.H. Allen (Fig. 10) Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 551 (Allen 2002). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Mexico. Veracruz, Huatusco Municipio, Reese 4450 (MO); Reese 4451 (para-, MO). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Mexico; Central America (Allen 2002). On bark of tree trunks and branches; 545-1250 m. DESCRIPTION For description, see Vitt 1979, 1994; Allen 2002. COMMENTS Groutiella reesei was published as a subspecies of G. chimborazensis by Vitt (1979), but later promoted to the rank of species by Allen (2002) based on two leaf features: the bulging quadrate cells on the upper dorsal surface of the costa, and the thickened (Fig. 10K), fragile and frequently broken leaf apices (Fig. 10D, G, J). Including these two characters, the species further differs from G. chimborazensis by having much lower leaf marginal border that consists of two rows of short-rectangular to rectangular cells (Fig. 10L). Groutiella tomentosa also has fragile apices, but differs in its longer leaf limbidia consisting of elongated cells., Published as part of Yu, Ning-Ning & Jia, Yu, 2023, A world revisionary study of the genus Groutiella Steere (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida), pp. 161-182 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (7) on page 174, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a7, http://zenodo.org/record/8155687, {"references":["ALLEN B. H. 2002. - Moss Flora of Central America Part 2. Encalyptaceae-Orthotrichaceae. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 536 - 559.","VITT D. H. 1979. - New taxa and new combinations in the Orthotrichaceae of Mexico. The Bryologist 82: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3241962","VITT D. H. 1994. - Orthotrichaceae, in SHARP A. J., CRUM H. & ECKEL P. M. (eds), Moss Flora of Mexico. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 69: 590 - 656."]}

Groutiella obtusa (Mitt.) Florsch. (Fig. 9) Flora of Surname 6 (1): 210 (Florschütz-de 1964). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Bahamas. Archipelago, Marsh Harbor Site, Lassiter & Sauleda 2078 (MO). Belize. Cayo, Las Cuevas Field Station, Allen 18067 (MO). Brazil. Amazon, Caripi & Para, Spruce 111 (lecto-, NY); Pará, Vigia, Davidse et al. 17600 (MO). Colombia. Risaralda, Soratama, Schultes & Cabrerra 12857 (MO). Dominica. Puerto Plata, Pico El Murazo, Reese 15453 (MO). Ecuador. Morona Santiago,Carretera Macas-Limón, Ortega U.504 (MO). Guyana. Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Matope Falls, Graham 351 (MO); Guiana, Richard s.n. Peru. Loreto, Maynas, Hegewald 6327 (MO). Suriname. Brokopondo, Allen 19351 (MO); Sipaliwini, Tafelberg, Allen 23579 (MO); El Dorado Falls, Allen 19246 (MO). Venezuela. Amazonas, Río Negro, Liesner 16772A (MO, NSW). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — The tropical region of America, north to Belize, south to Peru (Loreto). On bark of tree trunks and branches, and on rotten logs; 50-1200 m. DESCRIPTION For description, see Grout 1946; Florschütz-de 1964; Churchill & Linares 1995; Allen 2002. COMMENTS Groutiella obtusa is distinguished from all other species of Groutiella by its remarkably rugose leaves with raised streaks on the upper lamina, like the leaves of Macromitrium contextum Hampe. The length of leaves has some variation, from 1.3 to 2.0 mm, but all are typically lingulate (Fig. 9 B-E). Another special character of G. obtusa is the spores, which are polygonal concave-constricted (Figs 3G; 9H). The only other Groutiella species with polygonal concave-constricted spores is G. tumidula. This character is documented to occur in Groutiella for the first time., Published as part of Yu, Ning-Ning & Jia, Yu, 2023, A world revisionary study of the genus Groutiella Steere (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida), pp. 161-182 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (7) on page 174, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a7, http://zenodo.org/record/8155687, {"references":["FLORSCHUTZ-DE W. J. 1964. - Orthotrichaceae, in PULLE A. & LANJOUW J. (eds.), Flora of Suriname. Vol. 6. Part 1. Royal Institute of the Indies, Amsterdam: 207 - 215.","GROUT A. J. 1946. - Orthotrichaceae, in BRITTON N. L. (ed.), North American Flora. Vol. 15. Part. 1. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx: 38 - 41.","CHURCHILL S. P. & LINARES E. L. 1995. - Prodromus bryologiae Novo-Granatensis. Instituto de Ciencias Naturlales Museo de Historia Natural Umiversidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafe de Bogota: 455 - 924.","ALLEN B. H. 2002. - Moss Flora of Central America Part 2. Encalyptaceae-Orthotrichaceae. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 536 - 559."]}

This study provides additional morphological information and new illustrations for three species of Ololaelaps Berlese described by Bregetova & Koroleva (1964) from Russia—O. caucasicus, O. sellnicki and O. ussuriensis—to supplement the original descriptions. Since holotypes for these three species were not designated, a lectotype is chosen from among the syntypes of each examined species. We describe the adult male and female of Ololaelaps altaiensis Joharchi sp. nov., from specimens collected from moss on the shore of the Teletskoye Lake, in Altai Mountains, Russia. The new species is distinguished from other Ololaelaps species by its short peritremes, ending near the middle of coxae II. The new species also has elongate paradactyli, extending well beyond the pretarsal claws; this feature appears to be correlated with the species’ semiaquatic habitat, and such correlation between tarsal morphology and ecology occurs in other species of Ololaelaps and of Gaeolaelaps with similar habitats.

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) bahiana sp. nov. is described from Bahia State, Northeast Brazil, based on three specimens collected in pools at the headwater of a stream, 1,705 m. asl. The new species belongs to the Hydraena scintillabella subgroup of the leechi group. Description and diagnostic characters are offered; habitus photographs and line drawings of both male and female genitalia are provided. Habitat and distributional data of the new species are also included.

The genus Glossadelphus has been replaced by Phyllodon. However, Glossadelphus and Phyllodon are still used simultaneously in moss checklist of China. Total of 19 taxa of China published as members of the genus Glossadelphus are examined in this study. Our analyses show that only one species of Phyllodon (P. lingulatus) is recognized in China; twelve taxa of Glossadelphus in China are transferred to other genera (Bryocrumia, Ectropothecium, Entodon, Taxiphyllum); five taxa are excluded from the flora of China, and one species remains uncertain. Among them, two new combinations are proposed, Ectropothecium anomalum comb. nov. and E. falcatulum comb. nov. Myurella brevicosta is newly reduced to a synonym of Bryocrumia vivicolor. Glossadelphus isopterygioides is verified as a synonym of Entodon obtusatus. We newly designate lectotypes for G. anomalus and G. falcatulus. A list of 19 taxa of Glossadelphus of China is provided with their present status.

Diagnosis and illustrations are given for Braunia plicata (Mitt.) A. Jaeger., and lectotypes for two names are designated. One of Bridges specimens (Bridges s. n.) located at BM hb-Hooker is the lectotype for B. plicata. A duplicate of Pringle 15171 at P hb-Cardot is the lectotype for B. plicata var canescens Card. This name is retained as synonym of B. plicata. The worldwide distribution of the species is documented in Bolivia, Peru, and Mexico.

Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Antarctica. West Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast, Grandidier Channel, Lahille Island at the north-eastern entrance of Leroux Bay west of Barison Peninsula, 65°33’12.89”S, 64°23’42.14”W, on ground in the bryophyte carpet and mat subformation, 7.II.2020, Parnikoza 6B/20 (KRAM[B-259591]). REMARKS Polytrichum juniperinum was found on Lahille Island on a unique vegetated point on the island’s south-western coast in the bryophyte carpet and mat subformation, with patches of the grass Deschampsia antarctica É.Desv. (Poaceae) and cushion-forming Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. (Caryophylaceae), the only two vascular plants that are native to the Antarctic. Like elsewhere in Antarctica, it is a pioneer species growing on soil and humus and colonising communities of the fruticose lichen and moss cushion subformation, often in association with vascular plants (Ochyra et al. 2008a). In this locality it is associated with Brachythecium austroglareosum (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. and Pohlia drummondii (Müll.Hal.) A.L.Andrews. The present new locality of Polytrichum juniperinum on Lahille Island is the southernmost discovery of this species on the Graham Coast. The species was previously known in this region only from Uruguay Island in the Argentine Islands, Cape Tuxen on the mainland Graham Coast and Darboux Island in Collins Bay (Ochyra et al. 2008a). Thus, the discovery of this species on Lahille Island shifts the southern limit of its occurrence in the Graham Coast area about 16 km to the south (Fig. 2). In general, P. juniperinum reaches its southernmost locality in the Antarctic at latitude 67°58’S on Camp Point in Marguerite Bay on the Fallières Coast., Published as part of Ivanets, Viktoria, Wierzgoń, Mariusz, Yevchun, Hanna & Parnikoza, Ivan, 2023, Range extensions for moss species on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, pp. 61-88 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (2) on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a2, {"references":["OCHYRA R., LEWIS SMITH R. I. & BEDNAREK- OCHYRA H. 2008 a. - The Illustrated Moss Flora of Antarctica. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 685 p."]}

Evangelista-Dos-Santos, Milena, Peralta, Denilson F., Valente, Emilia De Brito, Câmara, Paulo E.A.S. (2023): A new species of Trichosteleum (Sematophyllaceae, Bryophyta) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 578 (3): 297-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.7

Fissidens arunii J.P.Srivast. & Nork., Proc. Bot. Soc. Kanpur (India) 1: t. 55, fig. 1. 1988. Lectotype (designated here): Maharashtra, Khandala, 13.09.1970, A.H. Norkett 14266 [BM 001059776]): INDIA, Maharashtra, Khandala, on hard earth beneath tree, Sept. 13 1970, Norkett 14266 (BM 001059776!) Bruggeman-Nannenga (2019) denoted the above specimen as neotype of F. arunii J.P. Srivast. & Nork. This specimen, however, is part of the original material. Therefore, it is a lectotype rather a neotype. Since the choice was not formalized by adding “designated here” (Turland et al., 2018, Art. 7.11, Ex. 12), a simple correction of neotype into lectotype is not possible (Turland et al., 2018, Art. 9.10). The name therefore is lectotypified here.

Majumdar, Shuvadeep, Bruggeman-Nannenga, M. A. (2022): Lectotypification of the name Fissidens arunii (Fissidentaceae: Bryophyta). Phytotaxa 577 (1): 150-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.577.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.577.1.10

'Brejos de altitude' is an ecosystem that has been subjected to severe exploitation, leading to an intense reduction in Brazil. Understanding the patterns of bryophyte diversity and composition, particularly of specialized species such as the epiphylls, to anthropic and abiotic variables is crucial for implementing protection measures. We investigated the relationship between composition and diversity of epiphyllous bryophytes and anthropic (edge effects) and abiotic (altitude) variables at local (within each 'Brejo') and regional (set of three 'Brejos') scale. Abiotic and anthropic variables were correlated with alpha and beta diversity (decomposed into species replacement and richness differences) using GLM. Their effects on species composition were evaluated using PERMANOVA. The localities at higher elevations harboured a richer bryoflora and overall beta diversity patterns were associated with altitude and locality, which acted over different scales. Regionally, the contribution of richness differences was limited with increasing altitude. Yet, dissimilarities among localities were associated with richness differences and replacement, denoting the importance of local factors. The composition was explained by local factors interacting with the regional altitudinal gradient. Anthropic activity was significant only when interacting with local factors and altitudinal gradient. Environmental filtering associated with altitude played a more important role in shaping the diversity and composition of epiphyllous bryophytes, at both regional and local scales. Each 'Brejo' acts as an ecological refuge, harbouring part of the whole environmental gradient, and presents a unique floristic composition. Moreover, partitioning beta diversity highlighted the interplay of local and regional forces shaping diversity patterns.

The tropical island of Sri Lanka, with a land area of 65,610 km2 and 1340 km of coastline, is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change, with detrimental effects on agriculture, water resources, human health, coastal zones, infrastructure, industry, and biodiversity. A general increase in temperature and precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and increase in weather-related natural disasters, such as floods and droughts, have been traced over the years. Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses, hornworts) occupy a pivotal position in the land plant evolution and form a unique part of the vegetation. Many taxa of bryophytes exhibit observable, distinct adaptations in response to changes in environmental conditions quickly. Bryophytes can be used to monitor climate change in two ways; (i) presence or absence in the ecosystem and (ii) changes in morphology and physiology that can be used for monitoring. Sri Lanka has a rich bryophyte flora consisting of 575 species of mosses, 338 species of liverworts, and 07 species of hornworts. It is estimated that 11% of mosses are endemic; there are no endemic thalloid liverworts or hornworts found in Sri Lanka, and the endemicity of leafy liverworts is yet to be investigated. The taxonomic status of endemic taxa and the biogeographic affinities of many taxa remain unexplored. Further, the potential use of bryophytes as indicators of climate change in Sri Lanka has not yet been investigated. This paper compiles the information on morphological and physiological responses of bryophytes to elevated temperature, increase in greenhouse gases, increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, and fluctuations in humidity. In the light of this gathered global knowledge, possible species of bryophytes to be used in assessing and predicting climate change and developing a climate change model in Sri Lanka are proposed. Asian bryophytes, in general, have poorly been represented in climate change literature. We believe that this knowledge will form the foundation for future research focused on climate change mitigation in other tropical and Asian countries.

* Rosulabryum flaccidum (Brid.) J.R.Spence SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Falkland Islands. East Falkland, road to North Arm, Bodie Creek culvert, 51°50’9.6”S, 59°7’8.4”W, cliff at shore, 5 m a.s.l., 12.I.2015, 15/779 (MNH). NOTES A small species in the Rosulabryum capillare (Hedw.) J.R.Spence complex characterized by evenly foliate stems, a weak costa, and numerous filiform leaf axil gemmae, found in temperate climates of North America and the Caribbean (Spence 2014). Possibly introduced, but old reports from South America exist (summarized in Greene 1986). See Spence (2014) for confusion on the correct name for this species. The type does not match the species known as R. andicola (Hook.) Ochyra (cf. Haji Mohamed 1979), and more work is needed to resolve the issue. A disjunct bipolar/South American temperate species., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 216, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527, {"references":["SPENCE J. R. 2014. - Bryaceae Schwagrichen, in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America, north of Mexico. Vol. 28. Part 2. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford: 117 - 185.","GREENE D. M. 1986. - A conspectus of the mosses of Antarctica, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and southern South America. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, 314 p.","HAJI MOHAMED M. A. 1979. - A taxonomic study of Bryum billardieri Schwaegr. and related species. Journal of Bryology 10 (4): 401 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1179 / jbr. 1979.10.4.401"]}

Bryum miserum Cardot NOTES A Falkland Islands endemic. This species is closely related to Bryum dichotomum, but differs in the somewhat broader ovate leaves, elongate rectangular cells in the alar region, and unusual large bulbils that are morphologically distinct from those in B. dichotomum, as noted in the key., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 214, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527

Bryum badium (Brid.) Bruch ex Milde NOTES Reported by Matteri (1986), this species is related to Bryum caespiticium Hedw. and is generally not recognized by most northern hemisphere workers (but seeSpence 2014). It is characterized by a very long costa, often as long as the lamina and commonly denticulate. It has been reported in earlier studies from the region by Greene (1986). A disjunct bipolar/South American species restricted to southern South American., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 213, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527, {"references":["MATTERI C. M. 1986. - Los Musci (Bryophyta) de las Isla Malvinas, su habitat y distribucion. Nova Hedwigia 43: 159 - 189.","GREENE D. M. 1986. - A conspectus of the mosses of Antarctica, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and southern South America. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, 314 p."]}

* Bryum barnesii J.B.Wood ex Schimp. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Falkland Islands. East Falkland, North Arm Farm, 52°7’26.4”S, 59°21’50.4”W, rock cliffs opposite settlement, 2 m a.s.l., 12.I.2015, 15/806 (MNH). NOTES New to the southern hemisphere. The collection closely matches northern hemisphere material (Spence 2014). This species along with Bryum dichotomum Hedw. tend to be more widespread than other species in the complex, most of which prefer Mediterranean-type climates. The bulbils are smaller than those in B. dichotomum, and generally there are 2-5 per leaf axil. The species has also recently been found in Magallanes Province of Chile in Tierra del Fuego (pers. comm.). Possibly introduced. A strict bipolar/South American species restricted to southern South America., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 213, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527, {"references":["SPENCE J. R. 2014. - Bryaceae Schwagrichen, in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America, north of Mexico. Vol. 28. Part 2. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford: 117 - 185."]}

Bryum dichotomum Hedw. NOTES One of the most widespread species in the southern hemisphere, found throughout the region except for South Georgia. Since it is found in Antarctica (Ochyra et al. 2008b) it is likely also on South Georgia. In the northern hemisphere the species is most common in temperate and Mediterranean climate regions. A strict bipolar/southern pantemperate species., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 213, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527, {"references":["OCHYRA R., LEWIS SMITH R. I. & BEDNAREK- OCHYRA H. 2008 b. - The Illustrated Moss Flora of Antarctica. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 685 p."]}

Bryum pabstianum Müll.Hal. NOTES A common widespread South American species characterized by its synoicous sexuality and small orange pyriform tubers. A southern hemisphere/South American montane-temperate species., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 214, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527

KEY TO BRYACEAE RCHB. OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS 1. Plants very small, stems to 1 cm, strongly julaceous, leaves mostly Bryum argenteum Hedw. — Plants bright green, distal lamina cells short and wide, 2-3:1, apiculus and bulbils absent....................................................................................................................................................... Bryum microimbricatum Ochi 3. Plants robust, stems long, to 10 cm, evenly foliate, leaves ovate, to 8 mm long, limbidium present, distal leaf margins sharply dentate, stolons sometimes present......... Rhodobryum cf. roseodens (Müll.Hal. ex Geh.) Paris — Plants mostly smaller, stems short or to 4-6 cm long, leaves mostly Rosulabryum capillare (Hedw.) J.R.Spence — Leaves 3-5 mm long, somewhat imbricate to irregularly contorted when dry, costa excurrent in short awn.. 6 6. Leaf limbidium very strong, 4-6 rows wide, whitish, stems sometimes in two or more interrupted rosettes........................................................................................................ Rosulabryum perlimbatum (Cardot) Ochyra — Leaf limbidium narrow, 2-3 rows wide, same color as lamina, stems usually in single rosettes....................... 7 7. Leaves sometimes appressed-imbricate when dry, ovate, distal lamina margins serrulate.................................................................................................................... Rosulabryum macrophyllum (Cardot & Broth.) Ochyra — Leaves contorted and twisted when dry, not imbricate, obovate to spathulate, distal lamina margins sharply serrate.................................................................................... Rosulabryum billardierei (Schwägr.) J.R.Spence 8. Plants small, stems to 2 cm, leaves mostly 2 mm long, costa variable, not reaching apex to excurrent in long awn, bulbils absent............................................................................................................................. 11 9. Bulbils small, ovate, 200-450 µm long, typically (2-)3-5 or more per leaf axil, costa variable, percurrent to short excurrent, some leaves with longer excurrent awn sometimes present... Bryum barnesii J.B.Wood ex Schimp. — Bulbils large, to 1 mm, typically 1(-3) present in leaf axils, costa not reaching apex to short excurrent in short awn............................................................................................................................................................ 10 10. Leaves ovate, costa weak, not reaching apex to percurrent, lamina cells in alar regions elongate-rectangular, bulbils long and narrow, to 1 mm, often 2 or 3 present, club-shaped, leafy primordia restricted mostly to top of bulbil, often flaring out in rosette........................................................................... Bryum miserum Cardot — Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, costa mostly percurrent to short-excurrent in awn, lamina cells in alar region quadrate, bulbils broadly ovate to pyriform, to 750 µm, mostly single, leafy primordia not restricted to apex of bulbil, often arising from mid-bulbil or lower....................................................... Bryum dichotomum Hedw. 11. Rhizoidal tubers commonly present in sterile collections, mostly on rhizoids arising at base of stem and in soil............................................................................................................................................................. 12 — Rhizoidal tubers absent.............................................................................................................................. 14 12. Leaves slender, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, much longer than wide, apex acute to acuminate, costa distinctly excurrent in short to medium-length awn, distal lamina cells longer than proximal cells, tubers pyriform to spherical, orange to red, mostly Bryum gilliesii Hook. (in part) 13. Sexuality synoicous, rhizoidal tubers small, pyriform, orange, Bryum pabstianum Müll.Hal. — Sexuality dioicous, rhizoidal tubers larger, spherical, red, to 300 µm wide........................................................................................................................................................ Imbribryum subapiculatum Cardot & Broth. 14. Costa strong, excurrent in medium to distinctly long awn, plants mostly small, in compact tufts, stems gemmiform to short-comose (leaves enlarged towards stem tip but not flaring in rosette), mostly ½ lamina length, sometimes denticulate, limbidium weak or absent, spores mostly 15 µm...................................................................................................... 17 16. Leaves with very long awns, ½-1/1 length of lamina, denticulate, distal lamina cells 3-4:1, short fragile innovations in leaf axils absent................................................................................... Bryum badium Bruch ex Brid. — Leaves awns shorter, mostly ½ lamina length, smooth, distal lamina cells long, 4-6:1, fragile innovations with rudimentary leaves common in leaf axils............................................................... Bryum caespiticium Hedw. 17. Sexuality autoicous, leaves 2-3 mm long, ovate-lanceolate to lingulate, stems short-comose, somewhat enlarged towards stem tip, peristome well developed, cilia present, spores 14-20 µm, capsules long pyriform to clavate............................................................................ Ptychostomum pallescens (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) J.R.Spence — Sexuality synoicous, leaves mostly 20 µm, capsules pyriform............................ 18 18. Endostome often adherent to exostome at base, exostome teeth with chambered look of patchy cells with crosswalls, cilia absent or very short, spores 22-35 µm, variable in size but often> 30 µm..................................................................................................................................................... Ptychostomum compactum Hornsch. — Endostome and exostome free, teeth not chambered or patchy, cilia short, sometimes 1-2 longer ones present, spores 22-26 µm..................................................................................... Ptychostomum inclinatum Hornsch. 19. Plants consisting mostly of masses of slender brown to red-green innovations, leaves ovate, concave, limbidium weak to absent, brown to red-brown filiform gemmae present in leaf axils............................................................................................................................................................. Rosulabryum flaccidum (Brid.) J.R.Spence — Plants not or rarely dominated by innovations, leaves lanceolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or suborbicular, concave or flat, limbidium present or absent, filiform gemmae absent..................................................................... 20 20. Plants large, stems to 4 cm, often matted with rhizoids, leaves 3-4 mm long, ovate, distinctly strongly decurrent, apex acute, limbidium distinct............................................................................................................................................ Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay ex Holyoak & N.Pedersen — Plants mostly smaller, stems rarely to 3 cm, leaves 1-3(-4) mm, lanceolate, ovate, or suborbicular, not or weakly decurrent, apex rounded obtuse to acute or rarely acuminate, limbidium present or absent........................ 21 21. Plants small, leaves mostly Bryum rhizoblastum Cardot & Broth. — Plants small to large, leaves 2-3 mm, ovate to suborbicular, costa variable, not reaching apex, percurrent to short excurrent, limbidium present or absent...................................................................................................... 22 22. Stems gemmiform, forming pale whitish-green to yellow-green budlike shoots, leaves strongly concave, ovate, limbidium weak or absent, costa short excurrent as stout awn, basal lamina cells shorter than distal cells, often forming small pale quadrate group in alar region........................................................ Bryum funkii Schwägr. — Stems elongate, evenly foliate to julaceous, or sometimes comose, not bud-like, leaves flat or concave, ovate to suborbicular, limbidium present or absent, costa not reaching apex to short excurrent, basal lamina cells longer or shorter than distal cells, alar region not distinct...................................................................................... 23 23. Stems evenly foliate to somewhat comose, distal lamina cells shorter and often wider than proximal cells, rhomboidal, proximal cells more or less rectangular, limbidium present.............................................................. 24 — Stems more or less julaceous or evenly foliate, distal lamina cells longer than proximal cells, often oblique to costa, proximal cells mostly quadrate to short-rectangular, limbidium absent or weak................................ 25 24. Stems elongate and evenly foliate, leaves ovate, not decurrent, flat or weakly concave, costa excurrent in short awn, sexuality autoicous, peristome reduced, endostome adherent to exostome, cilia lacking, spores 22-26 µm......................................................... Ptychostomum gayanum (Mont. ex Müll.Hal.) Ochyra & Bedn. -Ochyra — Stems short, somewhat comose, leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, somewhat decurrent, distinctly concave, costa mostly not reaching apex or percurrent, sexuality unknown, capsules unknown.................................................................................................................................................. Bryum sabuletorum Cardot & Broth. 25. Plants green to olive, julaceous, large, stems to 6 cm, leaves to 4 mm, obtuse to broadly acute, costa percurrent or sometimes weaker, distal lamina cells incrassate, somewhat vermicular, 3-4:1, oblique to costa c. 30-45°......................................................... Imbribryum laevigatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay — Plants green, yellow-green, red or brown, smaller, stems Plagiobryoides orbiculatifolia (Cardot & Broth.) Ochyra & Bedn. -Ochyra — Stems evenly foliate but not julaceous, leaves mostly somewhat shrunken-contorted when dry, yellow, yellow- green to red, leaf base same color as rest of lamina...................................................................................... 27 27. Plants green to yellow-green, leaves more or less flat, ovate to sometimes lingulate, weak limbidium present to mid-leaf, costa percurrent to short-excurrent in awn, distal cells somewhat thick-walled but not incrassate, rarely oblique to costa, capsule long-clavate, to 5 mm, often curved, often purple when mature............................................................................ Imbribryum clavatum (Schimp.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay — Plants green to red, leaves somewhat concave, ovate, limbidium absent, costa not reaching apex to short-excurrent, distal cells mostly thin-walled, not oblique to costa, capsules pyriform to long-necked with somewhat inflated urn, mostly Bryum gilliesii Hook. (in part) — Plants larger, stems to 3 cm, leaves 2-3 mm, green to yellow-green, apex acute, costa percurrent to short-excurrent in awn.............................................................................................................. Bryum platyphyllum Schwägr., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on pages 217-219, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527

Bryum sabuletorum Cardot & Broth. NOTES A distinctive Falklands Islands endemic characterized by broadly ovate to suborbicular concave leaves, a weak costa, and dis- tinct unistratose limbidium. The presence of Rhodobryum -like laminal areolation and inflated red-pink subalar cells on some leaves suggests an affinity with Ptychostomum subg. Cladodium., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 214, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527

* Bryum microimbricatum Ochi SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Falkland Islands. East Falkland, Port Harriet, Bertha’s Beach, east of carpark, 51°53’31.2”S, 58°42’28”W, on ground in dry pool on ship timber, 4 m a.s.l., 25.I.2011, 11/563 (MNH); 11/568 (MNH); West Falkland, upper branch of Chartres River, Patricia Luxton Nature Reserve, 51°43’33.6”S, 59°59’6”W, on rock, 13 m a.s.l., 30.I.2015, 15/348 (MNH). NOTES Previously known from Tierra del Fuego (Ochi 1982), this is a small species similar to Bryum argenteum but with bright green leaves. It is very similar to the Australasian B. harriottii R.Br. bis (Spence & Ramsay 2019) and future studies may show them to be the same species. Sporophytes have not yet been documented. A southern hemisphere/South American cold-temperate species., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on page 213, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527, {"references":["OCHI H. 1982. - A revision of the Bryoideae (Musci) in southern South America. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tottori University, Natural Science 31 (2): 11 - 47.","SPENCE J. R. & RAMSAY H. P. 2019. - Revised keys and additions to the Australian Bryaceae (Bryopsida). Telopea 22: 99 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.7751 / telopea 13056"]}

* Rhodobryum cf. roseodens (Müll.Hal. ex Geh.) Paris SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Falkland Islands. East Falkland, San Carlo Water, stream at head of inlet, 51°36’18”S, 59°0’50.4”W, wet earth in streambed, 5 m a.s.l., 14.I.2011, 11/233 (MNH); West Falkland, Fox Bay, head of South Arm, 51°57’54”S, 60°6’43.2”W, wet rocks, stream edge, 3 m a.s.l., 27.I.2015, 15/259 (MNH). NOTES A robust species with stolons, distinct from other southern South American species in its elongate evenly foliate stems. The material keys out to the northern Andean species Bryum (Rhodobryum) roseodens (Ochi 1980), but further work is needed as this represents a gap of several thousand km. Much of the Andean Mountain region has not been extensively collected so the distribution of this species may change with more field work. The only other species of Rhodobryum (Schimp.) Limpr. from Chile and Argentina include three species that are distinctly rosulate: Bryum rubromarginatum Ochi (synonym: Rhodobryum chilense Thér.) from central Chile (Ochi 1982), R. beyrichianum (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. and R. subverticillatum Broth. from northern Argentina (Koponen & Fuertes 2010). Koponen & Fuertes (2010) indicate that the species known as R. platense (Müll.Hal.) Paris from Argentina is likely a Bryum, excluding it from their treatment of the genus. The description indicates it is also strongly rosulate. The Falkland Islands species has also been found in similar habitats in the Magallanes Province of Chile in Tierra del Fuego (Spence, unpublished data). A southern hemisphere/South American temperate species., Published as part of Spence, John R., 2022, Studies in Austral Bryaceae (Bryopsida). IV. New records from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), with a phytogeographic analysis of the family, pp. 211-224 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (15) on pages 215-216, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a15, http://zenodo.org/record/7822527, {"references":["OCHI H. 1980. - A revision of the Neotropical Bryoideae, Musci (First Part). Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tottori University, Natural Science 29: 49 - 154.","OCHI H. 1982. - A revision of the Bryoideae (Musci) in southern South America. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tottori University, Natural Science 31 (2): 11 - 47.","KOPONEN T. & FUERTES E. 2010. - Contribution to the bryological flora of Argentina. II. Rhodobryum (Bryaceae). The Bryologist 113 (1): 132 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1639 / 0007 - 2745 - 113.1.132"]}