21 results on '"Bioinsecticida"'
Search Results
2. Efecto bioinsecticidal de Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 var. israelensis mutante sobre Aedes aegypti.
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Rodríguez Quiroz, Kimberly, Zavaleta Zavaleta, Luigui, Portal Reyes, Jean, Zavaleta Espejo, Gina, and Blas Cerdán, Willian
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AEDES aegypti , *BACILLUS thuringiensis , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *LARVAE , *CONTROL groups - Abstract
The bioinsecticidal effect of mutant Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 var israelensis (Bti) on Aedes aegypti III larvae was evaluated by exposing them to three concentrations of the mutant Bti (16 560, 33 120 and 66 240 esp/mL), each treatment had 25 larvae in stage III of A. aegypti, which were exposed to different concentrations of mutant Bti and a control group. Bioassays between A. aegypti and mutant Bti were performed under laboratory conditions, evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure. The results showed that the higher the concentration of mutant Bti, the greater the larval mortality that occurred, with the concentration of 66 240 esp/mL being the most effective at 72 hours. It is concluded that mutant Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 var. israelensis has a high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Bioprospecção de extratos vegetais da Caatinga para o controle da Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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Daniele Alves de Sá, Juliane Nogueira da Silva, Maria Amélia de Oliveira Silva, and Almir Rogerio Evangelista de Souza
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Administración integrada ,Bioinsecticida ,Inibição de eclodibilidade ,Integrated Handling ,Bioinseticida ,Inhibición de la incubabilidad ,General Medicine ,Manejo Integrado ,Hatchability inhibition ,Bioinsecticide - Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of extracts of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton sonderianus and Amburana cearenses on the hatchability of eggs of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The extracts of the three plant species were produced at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%, and distilled water as a control. For each concentration, paper towel discs containing 30 eggs were immersed for 30 seconds and then left to dry, being placed in plastic pots. Each treatment consisted of four replicates containing 30 eggs each. After 24 hours of exposure to the extracts, daily readings were taken for eight days, considering that eggs not hatched after this period were not viable. During the analysis of the ovicidal effect of plant extracts on the embryonic development of S. frugiperda eggs, the hatching rate and efficiency rate of the extracts were verified. We can conclude that the hydroalcoholic extracts of C. sonderianus, Z. joazeiro and A. cearenses were efficient in inhibiting the hatchability of S. frugiperda larvae at doses of 10 and 15% of the plant structures, proving that the extracts of these plant species can be used in the reduced hatchability of eggs. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto insecticida de extractos de Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton sonderianus y Amburana cearenses sobre la incubabilidad de huevos del gusano cogollero Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Los extractos de las tres especies vegetales se produjeron a concentraciones de 5%, 10% y 15%, y agua destilada como control. Para cada concentración, se sumergieron durante 30 segundos discos de toallas de papel que contenían 30 huevos y luego se dejaron secar, colocándose en potes de plástico. Cada tratamiento consistió en cuatro repeticiones que contenían 30 huevos cada una. Después de 24 horas de exposición a los extractos, se tomaron lecturas diarias durante ocho días, considerando que los huevos no eclosionados después de este período no eran viables. Durante el análisis del efecto ovicida de extractos de plantas sobre el desarrollo embrionario de huevos de S. frugiperda, se verificó la tasa de eclosión y la tasa de eficiencia de los extractos. Podemos concluir que los extractos hidroalcohólicos de C. sonderianus, Z. joazeiro y A. cearenses fueron eficientes en inhibir la incubabilidad de larvas de S. frugiperda a dosis de 10 y 15% de estructuras vegetales, demostrando que los extractos de estas especies vegetales pueden ser aprovechados en la reducida incubabilidad de los huevos. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito inseticida dos extratos do Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton sonderianus e Amburana cearenses sobre a eclodibilidade dos ovos da lagarta do cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Os extratos das três espécies vegetais foram produzidos nas concentrações de 5%, 10% e 15%, e a água destilada como testemunha. Para cada concentração, discos de papel toalha contendo 30 ovos foram imersos por 30 segundos e, em seguida, postos para secar, sendo acondicionados em potes plásticos. Cada tratamento foi composto de quatro repetições contendo 30 ovos cada. Após 24 horas de exposição aos extratos, foram realizadas leituras diárias por oito dias, considerando inviáveis ovos não eclodidos após este período. Durante a análise do efeito ovicida de extratos vegetais sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário de ovos de S. frugiperda, foi verificada a taxa de eclosão e taxa de eficiência dos extratos. Podemos concluir que os extratos hidroalcoólicos do C. sonderianus, Z. joazeiro e A. cearenses foram eficientes na inibição de eclodibilidade das larvas de S. frugiperda nas doses de 10 e 15% das estruturas vegetais, comprovando que os extratos dessas espécies vegetais podem ser utilizados na redução da eclodibilidade dos ovos.
- Published
- 2022
4. EVALUACIÓN DE DOS CEPAS DE NEMATODOS ENTOMOPATÓGENOS (STEINERNEMATIDAE, HETERORHABDITIDAE) PARA EL CONTROL DEL SALIVAZO (HEMIPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) EN CAÑA DE AZÚCAR.
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Grifaldo-Alcántara, P. F., Alatorre-Rosas, R., Villanueva-Jiménez, J. A., Hernández-Rosas, F., Stock, S. P., and Ramírez-Valverde, G.
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METARHIZIUM anisopliae , *ENTOMOPATHOGENIC fungi , *INSECT pest control , *HETERORHABDITIS , *SUGARCANE , *INSECT nematodes , *SUGARCANE growing - Abstract
The spittlebug or froghopper is an important pest of sugarcane that encompasses a complex of species in the genera Aeneolamia and Prosapia (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Control of these insects is carried out with chemical insecticides; however, effective control is not always achieved. Also, entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, have been applied, and the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) has been proposed. In this study, we assessed the field virulence of two native strains, Steinernema sp. CP13ES (group IV, bicornutum-certophorum-riobrave) and Heterorhabditis indica CP13JA, collected from sugarcane fields of Constancia and La Gloria sugarcane mills in Veracruz, Mexico. Field trials were conducted in two areas of these sugarcane mills. Both strains were mixed with the adjuvant Break-Thru® and were sprayed in sugarcane plots infested with spittlebug nymphs. In the first trial, we tested the efficacy of the two EPN strains in conjunction with a dispersant agent to select the most appropriate strain. In the second trial, we evaluated Steinernema sp. strain considering 1-m2 field plots. Results from trial 1 showed that both strains were significantly similar (P > 0.05) in their virulence: H. indica, recorded 73% mortality and Steinernema sp. 62%. Results from trial 2 demonstrated that the Steinernema strain was able to maintain a significantly lower (P = 0.25) spittlebug population for 4 days when compared to the control, whereas the nymph populations doubled during the same time period. These studies show the potential of the native EPN for field control of spittlebug nymphs in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
5. Trichilia (Meliaceae) Plants: an Important Source of Biomolecules with Insecticidal Properties.
- Author
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García-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Brito, R., Jiménez-Pérez, A., and Serrano, L. A. García
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TRICHILIA , *BIOMOLECULES , *INSECTICIDE resistance , *FERTILITY , *BIOLOGICAL insecticides - Abstract
The repeated application of synthetic insecticides has the potential to induce insecticide resistance. Plant extracts are a good source of bioinsecticides, as these extracts often have several bioactive compounds, thus reducing the occurrence of resistance. The genus Trichilia (Meliaceae) is distributed widely in Mexico and it is a sustainable source of bioactive compounds because their bark is shed annually and may be collected without harming the tree. This research evaluated the effect on mortality, weight, larval and pupal duration, fecundity, and fertility of Copitarsia decolora Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) when fed with a diet supplemented with different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of the Trichilia americana Sessé & Moc., Trichilia hirta L., and Trichilia havanensis Jacq. (Meliaceae) bark. All the extracts provoked a dose-response effect on the variables evaluated. The hexane extract of the 3 species was lethal to the larval stage, with the hexane extract of T. americana being the most toxic of the 3 species, followed by that of T. hirta. The aqueous extract of T. hirta displayed an insecticidal effect on the early instars. The ethyl acetate extracts of T. americana and hexane extracts of T. hirta inhibited growth and induced mortality. The extracts reduced fecundity and fertility of the insect. Extracts of T. americana reduced reproductive potential to a greater extent than did T. hirta and T. havanensis. This research suggests that bark extracts of T. americana, T. hirta, and T. havanensis are a sustainable source of biomolecules. La aplicación repetida de insecticidas sintéticos tiene el potencial de inducir resistencia a los insecticidad. Los extractos de plantas son una buena fuente de bioinsecticidas, ya que estos extractos a menudo tienen varios compuestos bioactivos, lo que reduce la apariencia de resistencia. El género Trichilia (Meliaceae) está ampliamente distribuido en México y es una fuente sustentable de compuestos bioactivos ya que su corteza se desprende anualmente y puede recolectarse sin dañar el árbol. Este trabajo evaluó el efecto sobre la mortalidad, peso, duración de larvas y pupas, fecundidad y fertilidad de Copitarsia decolora Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) al ser alimentadas con una dieta suplementada a diferentes concentraciones de extracto hexánico, acetato de etilo, acetónico, metanólico y acuoso de corteza de Trichilia americana Sessé & Moc., Trichilia hirta L., y Trichilia havanensis Jacq. (Meliaceae). Todos los extractos provocaron un efecto de dosis respuesta sobre las variables evaluadas. El extracto de hexano de las 3 especies fue letal para el estadio larval, siendo el extracto de T. americana el más tóxico de las 3 especies seguido por el de T. hirta. El extracto acuoso de T. hirta ocasionó un efecto insecticida en los primeros instares. Los extractos de acetato de etilo de T. americana y hexano de T. hirta inhibieron el crecimiento y provocaron mortalidad. Los extractos redujeron la fecundidad y la fertilidad del insecto. Los extractos de T. americana redujeron el potencial reproductivo en mayor medida que T. hirta y T. havanensis. Esta investigación sugiere que los extractos de corteza de T. americana, T. hirta, y T. havanensis son una fuente sustentable de biomoléculas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Bacillus thuringiensis: generalidades: Un acercamiento a su empleo en el biocontrol de insectos lepidópteros que son plagas agrícolas Bacillus thuringiensis: general aspects: An approach to its use in the biological control of lepidopteran insects behaving as agricultural pests
- Author
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Diego H. Sauka and Graciela B. Benintende
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Bacillus thuringiensis ,Bioinsecticida ,Insectos lepidópteros ,Bioinsecticide ,Lepidopteran insect pest ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis es el insecticida biológico más aplicado en el mundo y se utiliza para controlar diversos insectos que afectan la agricultura, la actividad forestal y que transmiten patógenos humanos y animales. B. thuringiensis constituyó durante las últimas décadas un tema de investigación intensiva. Estos esfuerzos brindaron datos importantes sobre las relaciones entre la estructura, el mecanismo de acción y la genética de sus proteínas cristalinas pesticidas, y una visión más clara y coherente sobre estas relaciones ha emergido gracias a ellos. Otros estudios se centraron en el rol ecológico de las proteínas cristalinas de B. thuringiensis, su funcionamiento en sistemas agrícolas y en otros sistemas naturales. Teniendo como base todo el conocimiento generado y las herramientas de la biotecnología, los investigadores están ahora divulgando resultados prometedores sobre el desarrollo de toxinas más útiles, bacterias recombinantes, formulaciones nuevas y plantas transgénicas que expresan actividad pesticida, con el objetivo de asegurar que estos productos sean utilizados con un mayor beneficio y eficacia. Este artículo constituye una tentativa de integrar todos estos progresos recientes sobre el estudio de B. thuringiensis en un contexto de control biológico de plagas de insectos lepidópteros de importancia agrícola.Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely applied biological pesticide used to control insects that affect agriculture and forestry and which transmit human and animal pathogens. During the past decades B. thuringiensis has been the subject of intensive research. These efforts have yielded considerable data about the relationships between the structure, mechanism of action, and genetics of their pesticidal crystal proteins. As a result, a coherent picture of these relationships has emerged. Other studies have focused on the ecological role of the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins and their performance in agricultural and other natural settings. With this knowledge as background and the help of biotechnological tools, researchers are now reporting promising results in the development of more useful toxins, recombinant bacteria, new formulations and transgenic plants that express pesticidal activity, in order to assure that these products are utilized with the best efficiency and benefit. This article is an attempt to integrate all these recent developments in the study of B. thuringiensis into a context of biological control of lepidopteran insect pest of agricultural importance.
- Published
- 2008
7. Biological potential and microencapsulation of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil as an alternative for pest control in stored maize
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Juliana Steffens, Natalia Paroul, Mariane Minozzo, Geciane Toniazzo Backes, and Rogério Luis Cansian
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Aspergillus flavus ,Cinnamomum cassia ,Alternaria alternata ,Trans-cinamaldeído ,law.invention ,Toxicology ,Biofúngico ,Biofungic ,Aceite esencial ,Encapsulación ,law ,Cassia ,Encapsulação ,Penicillium crustosum ,Essential oil ,General Environmental Science ,biology ,Bioinsecticida ,Biofungicida ,Trans-cinnamaldehyde ,business.industry ,Sitophilus ,Pest control ,biology.organism_classification ,Essential Oil ,Bioinsecticide ,Óleo essencial ,Bioinseticida ,Trans-cinamaldehído ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Encapsulation ,business ,Cinnamomum - Abstract
This study proposes a review of biological potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) essential oil with a focus on microencapsulation as an alternative to control the occurrence of pests in stored maize grains. Due to the demands on corn productivity, there is the need to improve grain storage processes and conditions, since that in this stage there are quantitative and/or qualitative losses, mainly due to the maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) and the incidence of mycotoxin-producing fungi (Penicillium crustosum, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus flavus). The control of these pests is usually carried out with chemical insecticides, which can leave toxic residues in the grain. Therefore, the microencapsulation of essential oils appears as a promising alternative, considering the volatility of aromatic compounds, which are largely responsible for the activity against pests. Este estudio propone una revisión del potencial biológico del aceite esencial de canela (Cinnamomum cassia) con un enfoque en la microencapsulación como alternativa para controlar la ocurrencia de plagas en granos de maíz almacenados. Debido a las demandas sobre la productividad del maíz existe la necesidad de mejorar los procesos y condiciones de almacenamiento del grano, ya que en esta etapa existen pérdidas cuantitativas y/o cualitativas, principalmente por el gorgojo del maíz (Sitophilus zeamais) y la incidencia de micotoxinas productoras. hongos (Penicillium crustosum, Alternaria alternata y Aspergillus flavus). El control de estas plagas se suele realizar con insecticidas químicos, que pueden dejar residuos tóxicos en el grano. Por tanto, la microencapsulación de aceites esenciales aparece como una alternativa prometedora, considerando la volatilidad de los compuestos aromáticos, que son en gran parte responsables de la actividad contra las plagas. Este estudo propõe uma revisão do potencial biológico do óleo essencial de canela (Cinnamomum cassia) com foco na microencapsulação como alternativa para o controle da ocorrência de pragas em grãos de milho armazenados. Devido às demandas na produtividade do milho há a necessidade de melhorar os processos e condições de armazenamento dos grãos, visto que nesta fase há perdas quantitativas e/ou qualitativas, principalmente devido ao gorgulho do milho (Sitophilus zeamais) e à incidência de micotoxinas produtoras. fungos (Penicillium crustosum, Alternaria alternata e Aspergillus flavus). O controle dessas pragas costuma ser feito com inseticidas químicos, que podem deixar resíduos tóxicos no grão. Portanto, a microencapsulação de óleos essenciais surge como uma alternativa promissora, considerando a volatilidade dos compostos aromáticos, os quais são os grandes responsáveis pela atividade contra pragas.
- Published
- 2021
8. Propiedades insecticidas del polvo de Laurelia sempervirens L. para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
- Author
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TORRES, Cristián, SILVA, Gonzalo, TAPIA, Maritza, Concepción RODRÍGUEZ, J., URBINA, Angélica, FIGUEROA, Inés, LAGUNES, Angel, SANTILLÁN-ORTEGA, Candelario, ROBLES-BERMÚDEZ, Agustín, and AGUILAR-MEDEL, Sotero
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
9. Uso de caolín y polvo de mástil em Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
- Author
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Arruda, Maria Micaele Pereira, Isidro, Renato, Abreu, Khyson Gomes, Lima, Maria Alaíne da Cunha, Nunes, Maria Silvana, and Lopes, Iracy Amélia Pereira
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Association ,Bioinsecticida ,Bioatividade ,Asociación ,Bioinseticida ,Bioactividad ,Cascudinho ,Bioactivity ,Bioinsecticide ,Associação - Abstract
Brazilian poultry farming has been evolving every year, which has also led to serious problems related to pest insects, such as Alphitobius diaperinus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bioinsecticidal action of kaolin and mast powder for the control of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on aviary bed in laboratory. The efficiency of kaolin powder was calculated by the method of Abbott (1925). The potential of the powder to repel A. diaperinus was evaluated by the Repellency Index (IR). For the association of kaolin powder and mast, the repellency index was also verified and the lowest dose of kaolin powder was used, which proved to be more efficient and economical. Also, the efficiency of the association was evaluated under the same conditions previously tested. According to the results, it can be concluded that kaolin powder at a concentration of 0.50 g/cm2 was more efficient with an efficiency of 59.86% at seven days and 100% at 21 days of the evaluated periods. It was also found that the Repellency Index obtained in the treatments with the use of kaolin varied from 0.25 to 0.75 g/cm2 and were all less than 1, indicating repellency of these concentrations. It was also found that the IR in the treatments of the lowest dose of kaolin associated with the concentrations of the mast were all less than 1, indicating repellency on the insects of A. diaperinus. As for the efficiency of the association, it was found that the concentration of 0.50 g/cm2 of the kaolin powder associated with 1.00 g/cm2 was the most efficient in controlling Alphitobius diaperinus. La industria avícola brasileña ha ido evolucionando año tras año, por lo que también han surgido graves problemas relacionados con insectos plaga, como es el caso de Alphitobius diaperinus. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la acción bioinsecticida del caolín y el polvo de mástil para el control de Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) en lecho de pajarera en laboratorio. La eficiencia del caolín en polvo se calculó mediante el método de Abbott (1925). El potencial del polvo para repeler A. diaperinus se evaluó mediante el índice de repelencia (IR). Para la asociación de caolín en polvo y mástil, también se verificó el índice de repelencia y se utilizó la dosis más baja de caolín en polvo, que resultó ser más eficiente y económica. Asimismo, se evaluó la eficiencia de la asociación en las mismas condiciones previamente probadas. De acuerdo con los resultados, se puede concluir que el caolín en polvo a una concentración de 0,50 g/cm2 fue más eficiente con una eficiencia del 59,86% a los siete días y del 100% a los 21 días de los periodos evaluados. También se encontró que el Índice de Repelencia obtenido en los tratamientos con el uso de caolín varió de 0.25 a 0.75 g/cm2 y todos fueron menores a 1, indicando repelencia de estas concentraciones. También se encontró que las RI en los tratamientos de la dosis más baja de caolín asociada con las concentraciones del mástil fueron todas menores de 1, lo que indica repelencia sobre los insectos de A. diaperinus. En cuanto a la eficacia de la asociación, se encontró que la concentración de 0,50 g/cm2 del polvo de caolín asociado a 1,00 g/cm2 fue la más eficaz en el control de Alphitobius diaperinus. A avicultura brasileira vem evoluindo a cada ano, com isso surgiram também sérios problemas relacionados aos insetos-praga, como é o caso do Alphitobius diaperinus. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da ação bioinseticida do pó de caulim e de mastruz para o controle do Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleóptera: Tenebrionidae) sobre cama de aviário em laboratório. Calculou-se a eficiência do pó de caulim pelo método de Abbott (1925). Avaliou-se o potencial do pó em repelir A. diaperinus, pelo Índice de Repelência (IR). Para a associação do pó de caulim e mastruz verificou-se também o índice de repelência e foi utilizado a menor dose do pó de caulim que se mostrou mais eficiente e econômica. Também, avaliou-se a eficiência da associação nas mesmas condições testadas anteriormente. De acordo com os resultados, pode-se concluir que o pó de caulim na concentração de 0,50 g/cm-2 mostrou-se mais eficiente com uma eficiência de 59,86% aos sete dias e 100% aos 21 dias dos períodos avaliados. Verificou-se ainda que o Índice de Repelência obtidos nos tratamentos com o uso do caulim variaram de 0,25 a 0,75 g/cm2 e foram todos menores que 1, indicando repelência destas concentrações. Verificou-se também, que o IR nos tratamentos da menor dose do caulim associados com as concentrações do mastruz foram todos menores que 1, indicando repelência sobre os insetos de A. diaperinus. Quanto a eficiência da associação, verificou-se que a concentração de 0,50 g/cm-2 do pó de caulim associado com 1,00 g/cm-2 foi a mais eficiente no controle de Alphitobius diaperinus.
- Published
- 2021
10. Caracterização Química e Potencial Inseticida do Óleo Essencial de Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) Contra Nauphoeta cinerea (Blaberidae)
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Edna Karol Rodrigues de Araujo, Mikael Amaro de Souza, Ana Vaeline Patricio Braga, Felicidade Caroline Rodrigues, Adrielle Rodrigues Costa, Angélica Rodrigues de Souza Costa, Samara Mendes de Sousa, Maria Haiele Nogueira da Costa, José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra, Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos Santos, Kleber Ribeiro Fidelis, Saulo Almeida de Menezes, Maria Aparecida Barbosa Ferreira Gonçalo, Luciano Temoteo dos Santos, Ricardo Gomes dos Santos Nunes, Talina Guedes Ribeiro, and Maria Ivaneide Rocha
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,1.8 Cineole ,Fumigation ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,law ,biology.animal ,Food science ,Nymph ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Essential oil ,General Environmental Science ,Cockroach ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,biology ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,Chemistry ,Biological activity ,Bioinsecticide ,Ocimum gratissimum ,biology.organism_classification ,Alfavaca-cravo ,1,8 Cineol ,Atividade biológica ,Bioinseticida ,0104 chemical sciences ,Blaberidae ,lcsh:H ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Lamiaceae ,Gas chromatography ,Actividad biológica ,Bioinsecticida ,010606 plant biology & botany ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
Plants are considered a rich source of bioactive compounds and an alternative agent for insect control. Among them, representatives of the Lamiaceae family are the best known for this potential, as they produce volatile compounds with insecticidal activities, known as essential oils, as is the case with Ocimum gratissimum. In this way, the present work had as objective, to determine the chemical composition of the oil of the leaves of O. gratissimum and its potential insecticide against the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. For that, the essential oil was chemically characterized by means of a Gas Chromatograph coupled to a Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). As for the insecticidal action, nymphs (20 days of age) were used and the fumigation methodology was used in concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 μg of oil per mL of air. Mortality rates were observed every 12 hours for 1 day. The results showed that the essential oil has insecticidal properties, since it had a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 516 µg/mL. Such property may be related to the heterogeneous composition of the oil, which had 12 terpenic compounds, with 1.8 Cineole being the major compound (30.04%). Thus, the essential oil of O. gratissimum has an insecticidal activity and can be used to fight pests, as in the case of cockroaches. Las plantas se consideran una rica fuente de compuestos bioactivos y un agente alternativo para el control de insectos. Entre ellos, los representantes de la familia Lamiaceae son los más conocidos por este potencial, ya que producen compuestos volátiles con actividades insecticidas, conocidos como aceites esenciales, como es el caso de Ocimum gratissimum. De esta manera, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición química del aceite de las hojas de O. gratissimum y su potencial insecticida contra la cucaracha Nauphoeta cinerea. Para esto, el aceite esencial se caracterizó químicamente por medio de un cromatógrafo de gases acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas (CG/EM). En cuanto a la acción insecticida, se usaron ninfas (20 días) y la metodología de fumigación se usó en concentraciones que varían de 50 a 1000 μg de aceite por mL de aire. Las tasas de mortalidad se observaron cada 12 horas durante 1 día. Los resultados mostraron que el aceite esencial tiene propiedades insecticidas, ya que tenía una concentración letal media (CL50) de 516 µg/mL. Dicha propiedad puede estar relacionada con la composición heterogénea del aceite, que presentó 12 compuestos terpénicos, siendo 1.8 Cineol el compuesto principal (30.04%). Por lo tanto, el aceite esencial de O. gratissimum tiene una actividad insecticida y puede usarse para combatir las plagas, como en el caso de las cucarachas. Plantas são consideradas uma fonte rica de compostos bioativos e uma alternativa de agentes no controle de insetos. Dentre elas, as representantes da família Lamiaceae são as mais conhecidas com esse potencial, pois produzem compostos voláteis com atividades inseticidas, conhecidos como óleos essenciais, como é o caso de Ocimum gratissimum. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, determinar a composição química do óleo das folhas de O. gratissimum e seu potencial inseticida contra a barata Nauphoeta cinerea. Para tanto, o óleo essencial foi caracterizado quimicamente por meio de um Cromatógrafo Gasoso acoplado a um Espectrômetro de Massas (CG/EM). Quanto à ação inseticida, foram utilizadas ninfas (20 dias de idade) sendo empregada a metodologia de fumigação em concentrações variando de 50 a 1000 μg de óleo por mL de ar. As taxas de mortalidade foram observadas a cada 12 horas durante 1 dia. Os resultados apontaram que o óleo essencial apresenta propriedades inseticidas, visto que ele apresentou uma concentração mediana letal (CL50) de 516 µg/mL. Tal propriedade pode estar relacionada à composição heterogênea do óleo, o qual apresentou 12 compostos terpênicos, sendo o 1,8 Cineol o composto majoritário (30,04%). Sendo assim, o óleo essencial de O. gratissimum apresenta atividade inseticida, podendo ser utilizado no combate pragas, como no caso de baratas.
- Published
- 2020
11. NATIVE STRAINS OF Bacillus thuringiensis AGAINST Spodoptera frugiperda and Alabama argillacea IN COTTON CROP (Gossypium barbadens) IN PIURA, PERU
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Rafael-Rutte, Robert, Aguilar, René, Maldonado, Edgar A., and Ruiz, Marianella
- Subjects
bacterias ,toxina ,fungi ,bioinsecticide ,bioinsecticida ,algodón ,lepidoptera ,toxin ,bacteria ,lepidópteros ,cotton - Abstract
RESUMEN Los lepidópteros son una de las plagas más importantes del algodón (Gossypium barbadens). Su control se realiza con insecticidas sintéticos, que contaminan el medio ambiente, por lo que el control biológico constituye una alternativa ecológica al uso de tales productos químicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar cepas nativas de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) y evaluar su toxicidad contra Spodoptera frugiperda y Alabama argillacea, insectos plaga del cultivo de algodón. Las cepas nativas de Bt fueron aisladas de muestras de suelo de diferentes zonas algodoneras de Piura, Perú. Se obtuvieron 600 colonias del género Bacillus, de los cuales 37 cepas nativas presentaron características morfológicas similares a las cepas estándares de Bt (HD1 y NA118). La caracterización morfológica y bioquímica de las 37 cepas nativas mostró que 15 cepas presentaron cristal paraesporal de forma bipiramidal de acción tóxica contra lepidópteros, y características bioquímicas similares a las cepas estándares de Bt. El efecto tóxico de las 15 cepas nativas se evaluó con la prueba del alimento contaminado con discos de hojas de lechuga y algodón. Los resultados mostraron que las cepas IN-24, IN-30 e IN-34 ocasionaron 100% de mortalidad en S. frugiperda y las cepas IN-19, IN-24 e IN-25 ocasionaron 100% de mortalidad en A. argillacea, mientras que la cepa IN-24 ocasionó 100% de mortalidad en ambas especies. Por otra parte, la prueba de la dieta artificial reveló que las cepas IN-34, IN-01 e IN-31 ocasionaron los mayores porcentajes de mortalidad en S. frugiperda y A. argillacea, respectivamente. Se concluyó que existe varias cepas nativas de B. thuringiensis que pueden controlar S. frugiperda y A. argillacea. ABSTRACT The order Lepidoptera is one of the most important pests of cotton (Gossypium barbadens). These insects are controlled with synthetic insecticides, which contaminate the environment. Therefore, biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of such chemicals. The objective of this research was to isolate native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and evaluate their toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperd a and Alabama argillacea, which are insect pests of the cotton crop. The native strains of Bt were isolated from soil samples from different cotton areas of the Piura, Perú. 600 colonies of the genus Bacillus were obtained, of which 37 native strains presented morphological characteristics similar to the standard strains of Bt (HD1 and NA118). The morphological and biochemical characterization showed that 15 strains showed parasporal crystal of bipyramidal form of toxic action against Lepidoptera, exhibiting biochemical characteristics equal to the standard strains of Bt. The toxic effect of these 15 native strains was evaluated through a food poisoned test using lettuce and cotton leaf discs. The results showed that strains IN-24, IN-30 and IN-34 caused 100% mortality in S. frugiperda; strains IN-19, IN-24 and IN-25 caused 100% mortality in A. argillacea; while strain IN-24 caused 100% mortality in both species. The artificial diet test showed that strains IN-34, IN-01 and IN-31 caused the highest mortality rates in S. frugiperda and A. argillacea, respectively, when compared with the standard strains HD1 and NA118. It is concluded that there are several native strains of B. thuringiensis that can control S. frugiperda and A. argillacea.
- Published
- 2020
12. Óleo essencial de Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera no controle de pragas: Seu efeito sobre Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
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Camila Bonatto Vicenço, Neiva Monteiro de Barros, Wendel Paulo Silvestre, Joséli Schwambach, and Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,Linalol ,Control alternativo ,Cinnamomum camphora ,Trialeurodes ,Mosca-branca-de-casa-de-vegetação ,01 natural sciences ,Linalool ,law.invention ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Nymph ,Essential oil ,030304 developmental biology ,General Environmental Science ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Terpenes ,business.industry ,Greenhouse whitefly ,Bioinsecticide ,Pest control ,Bioinsecticida ,Mosca blanca de invernadero ,biology.organism_classification ,Terpenos ,chemistry ,Bioinseticida ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Controle alternativo ,Alternative control ,business ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
This study evaluated the insecticidal effect of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera essential oil and its major compound, linalool, on Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Essential oil treatments were applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% v/v on eggs, nymphs, and adult individuals and linalool equivalent concentrations on nymphs of T. vaporariorum. The negative controls water and Tween-80® (0.5% v/v) and a positive control (spiromesifen 0.05% v/v for eggs and nymphs; pymetrozine 0.04% m/v for adults) were also used. The essential oil of C. camphora at 2.0% v/v caused egg mortality of 49.7%; same concentration caused the highest nymph mortality (88.5%). For adults, the essential oil at 2.0% v/v caused the highest mortality (40.0%) after 48 h, not changing from 48 to 72 h. The essential oil and linalool performed similarly relative to the nymphs, whose mortalities have not differed statistically, with exception of the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% v/v. Regarding the chemical control, the concentration of 2.0% v/v has had similar mortality for nymphs; for eggs and adults, the essential oil caused lower mortality (49.4 and 40.0%) than the synthetic pesticide (65.0 and 72.0%). The essential oil of C. camphora may be a potential control alternative for T. vaporariorum, especially regarding the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Este trabajo evaluó el efecto insecticida del aceite esencial de Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera y su compuesto principal, linalool, en Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Tratamientos que contienen aceite esencial en concentraciones de 0,5; 1,0; Se aplicaron 1,5 y 2,0% v/v a huevos, ninfas e individuos adultos de T. vaporariorum. Los controles negativos fueron agua y también se utilizó Tween-80® (0,5% v/v) más un control positivo (espiromesifeno 0,05% v/v para huevos y ninfas; pimetrozina 0,04% p/v para adultos). El aceite esencial de C. camphora al 2,0% v/v provocó una mortalidad de huevos del 49,7%; la misma concentración causó la mayor mortalidad de ninfas (88,5%). Para los adultos, el aceite esencial al 2.0% v/v causó el mayor porcentaje de mortalidad (40,0%) después de 48 h, y no cambió entre 48 y 72 h. El aceite esencial y el linalol se comportaron de manera similar en relación a las ninfas, cuyas mortalidades no difirieron estadísticamente, con la excepción de concentraciones de 0,5 y 1,0% v/v. En relación al control químico, la concentración de 2,0% v/v presentó similar mortalidad para ninfas; para huevos y adultos, el aceite esencial causó una menor mortalidad (49,4 y 40,0%) que el plaguicida sintético (65,0 y 72,0%). El aceite esencial de C. camphora puede ser un control alternativo para T. vaporariorum, especialmente considerando las prácticas de Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP). Este trabalho avaliou o efeito inseticida do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera e seu compostos majoritário, o linalol, sobre Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Tratamentos contendo óleo essencial nas concentrações de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0% v/v foram aplicados sobre ovos, ninfas e indivíduos adultos de T. vaporariorum. Os controles negativos foram água e Tween-80® (0,5% v/v) mais um controle positivo (espiromesifeno 0,05% v/v para ovos e ninfas; pimetrozina 0,04% m/v para adultos) foram também usados. O óleo essencial de C. camphora a 2,0% v/v causou mortalidade de ovos de 49,7%; a mesma concentração causou a maior mortalidade de ninfas (88,5%). Para os adultos, o óleo essencial a 2,0% v/v causou a maior porcentagem de mortalidade (40,0%) após 48 h, não se alterando entre 48 e 72 h. O óleo essencial e o linalol tiveram desempenho semelhante com relação às ninfas, cujas mortalidades não diferiram estatisticamente, com exceção das concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0% v/v. Em relação ao controle químico, a concentração de 2,0% v/v apresentou mortalidade similar para ninfas; para ovos e adultos, o óleo essencial causou menores mortalidades (49,4 e 40,0%) do que o pesticida sintético (65,0 e 72,0%). O óleo essencial de C. camphora pode ser uma alternativa de controle para T. vaporariorum, especialmente tendo em vista as práticas do Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP).
- Published
- 2021
13. El árbol del Neem (Azadirachta indica) para controlar enfermedades endémicas en Argentina.
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Falasca, Silvia and Bernabé, María Angélica
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- *
NEEM , *CHEMICALS , *BIODIESEL fuels , *BIOLOGICAL insecticides , *BIOCLIMATOLOGY , *SPATIAL variation , *AGRICULTURAL climatology , *CHAGAS' disease - Abstract
Neem's tree has been studied from the chemical point of view since it provides more than 300 chemical compounds. Its oil can be transformed in biodiesel. One of its main properties is bioinsecticide activity. Since it has larvicidal activity it might be used to control the vector of fastidiousness. As it was proved that kills the parasite which produces Chagas disease, it appears as a promissory tree to use it for productive and social objectives in our country. The aim of the present paper was to delimit the capable zone for culturing of this specie, giving special emphasis to marginal areas. For that it was worked with bioclimatic necessities and biophysical limits of the species and climate data of Argentina for period 1961-2000. The overlapping of layers containing information about the spatial variability of bioclimatic indexes allowed us to obtain the map of agroclimatic aptitude for the Neem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
14. Efecto tóxico de Verbena officinalis (familia verbenaceae) en Sitophilus granarius (coleoptera: curculionidae).
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Patricia Arango Gutiérrez, Gloria and Clara Vásquez Villegas, María
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- *
GRAIN diseases & pests , *BIOLOGICAL insecticides , *VERBENACEAE , *BIOLOGICAL control of insects , *GRANARY weevil , *GRAIN storage diseases & injuries , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Introduction. Sitophilus granarius, or maize beetle, is considered as one of the most important plagues of stored products. Objective. To evaluate the effect of Verbena officinalis in the Sitophilus granarius control in stored corn. Materials and methods. Two presentations of Verbena officinalis were evaluated in the laboratory for the control of Sithophilus granarius in stored corn, with concentrations in powder of 0,4 g, 0,8 g, and 1,6 g per every 10 g of corn and manure of 3, 6 and 9 ml per every 10 g of variable maize was the mortality rate of the imagos. The experimental design was done at random, the treatments had four repetitions. Results. The highest mortality rate was obtained in powder in concentration of 1,6 gr with a mortality rate of 50%. In the variance analysis made, the kinds of presentation were meaningless and the concentrations used in the Verbena extract were too low to generate a higher mortality in Sitophilus. Conclusion. Secondary metabolites have a toxic activity against insects, interfering in their development or their behavior, and thus contributing to plague control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
15. CARACTERIZACIÓN MOLECULAR MEDIANTE rep-PCR DE AISLADOS NATIVOS DE Bacillus thuringiensis, OBTENIDOS DE MUESTRAS DE SUELO.
- Author
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Galvis, Fabián and Yolima Moreno, Laura
- Subjects
- *
SOIL sampling , *BACILLUS thuringiensis , *PARASPORAL body , *BIOMARKERS , *GRAM-positive bacteria , *EXPERIMENTAL groups , *PHYLOGENY - Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive bacteria forming spores, which produces parasporal crystals of a proteic nature, toxic against various orders of insects and biodegradable and harmless to other species. This research use the experimental model, allowing, through observation techniques, microbiological and biochemical identification of B. thuringiensis from soil samples from municipalities of Cúcuta, El Zulia, Los Patios, San Cayetano and Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, and its subsequent characterization with molecular markers Bc-Rep and MB1. Microbiological and biochemical tests identified 10 isolates as B. thuringiensis; the results of phylogenetic analysis showed significant differences in the clusters obtained with Bc-Rep and MB1 markers. With Bc-Rep a low index of similarity (18%) was recorded, while with the marker MB1 a higher similarity index, 58%, was obtained. This work indicated a great genetic variability among isolates, showing that markers Bc-Rep and MB1 are highly effective to differentiate closely related strains, thus becoming a genetic tool of great value for studies of identification and diversity in B. thuringiensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
16. Caracterización molecular mediante REP-PCR de aislados nativos de bacillus thuringiensis, obtenidos de muestras de suelo
- Author
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Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián and Moreno, Laura Yolima
- Subjects
B. thuringiensis ,Phylogenetic analysis ,Bioinsecticida ,Análisis filogenético ,rep-PCR ,Bioinsecticide - Abstract
8 p., Molecular characterization using rep-PCR of native isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis, obtained from soil samples. Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive bacteria forming spores, which produces parasporal crystals of a proteic nature, toxic against various orders of insects and biodegradable and harmless to other species. This research use the experimental model, allowing, through observation techniques, microbiological and biochemical identification of B. thuringiensisfrom soil samples from municipalities of Cúcuta, El Zulia, Los Patios, San Cayetano and Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, and its subsequent characterization with molecular markers Bc-Rep and MB1. Microbiological and biochemical tests identified 10 isolates as B. thuringiensis; the results of phylogenetic analysis showed significant differences in the clusters obtained with Bc-Rep and MB1 markers. With Bc-Rep a low index of similarity (18%) was recorded, while with the marker MB1 a higher similarity index, 58%, was obtained. This work indicated a great genetic variability among isolates, showing that markers Bc-Rep and MB1 are highly effective to differentiate closely related strains, thus becoming a genetic tool of great value for studies of identification and diversity in B. thuringiensis., Bacillus thuringiensis es una bacteria Gram-positiva formadora de esporas, que produ-ce cristales parasporales de naturaleza proteica, tóxicos contra diferentes órdenes de insectos y biodegradables e inocuos para otras especies. Esta investigación empleó el modelo experimen-tal, que mediante técnicas de observación permi-tió, la identificación microbiológica y bioquímica de B. thuringiensis a partir de muestras de suelo de los municipios de Cúcuta, El Zulia, Los Patios, San Cayetano y Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, y su posterior caracteri-zación con los marcadores moleculares Bc-Rep y MB1. Se identificaron microbiológica y bioquí-micamente 10 aislados como B. thuringiensis; los resultados del análisis filogenético mostraron diferencias significativas en los agrupamientos obtenidos con los marcadores Bc-Rep y MB1. Con Bc-Rep se registró un índice de similaridad bajo (18%), mientras que con el marcador MB1 se obtuvo un índice mayor de similitud, 58%. En este trabajo se evidenció una gran variabilidad genética entre los aislados,que mostraron a los marcadores Bc-Rep y MB1 como altamente efectivos para diferenciar cepas estrechamente relacionadas, convirtiéndose en una herramienta genética de gran valor para estudios de identifi-cación y diversidad en B. thuringiensis.
- Published
- 2014
17. 2-Methyl-5-(1-Methylethenyl)-2-Cyclohexenone Insecticidal effect on Tribolium Confusum
- Author
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Costa, Marta, Martins, Filipe, Silva, Aida Moreira da, and Galhano, Cristina
- Subjects
2-Metyl-5-(1-metylethenyl)-2-ciclohexanona ,Bioinsecticida ,monoterpeno ,2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexenone ,praga de armazém ,monoterpene, storage pest ,Tribolium confusum ,Bioinsecticide - Abstract
The insect Tribolium confusum is considered one of the most important storage pests due to the significant reductions either in quantity or quality of cereal grains. Alternatives to chemical synthesis insecticides should be found due to their obvious disadvantages. Those alternatives should be specific to target plant enemies, with no risks to the ecosystem. Hence, the aim of this work was to study the insecticidal effect of a monoterpene, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexenone, on Tribolium confusum. Acute essays were performed with the following monoterpene concentrations: pure 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexenone, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01%. To compare the monoterpene insecticidal activity, tests with a standard insecticide, pirimiphos-methyl, were also conducted. Mortality was observed at one, two, three, six, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 96 hours. The obtained results showed that 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2cyclohexenone behaviour was comparable to that of the pirimiphos-methyl. Therefore, further studies should be conducted to confirm the bioinsecticidal potencial of this monoterpene. O insecto Tribolium confusum é uma das mais importantes pragas de produtos armazenados, causando prejuízos consideráveis na quantidade e qualidade dos cereais. Perante as desvantagens do uso de insecticidas químicos de síntese, procuram-se alternativas específicas para os organismos - alvo, que causem o mínimo de prejuízos no ecossistema. O objectivo deste trabalho foi estudar, em laboratório, o efeito insecticida de um monoterpeno, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexenone, sobre Tribolium confusum. Foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda com as seguintes concentrações: 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexenone puro, 10, 1, 0,1 e 0,01%. Foi ainda estudada a actividade do insecticida padrão, pirimifos-metilo, puro. A mortalidade foi registada uma, duas, três, seis, 12, 24, 36, 48 e 96 horas após o início da experiência. Os resultados mostraram que o monoterpeno, na sua forma pura, teve um comportamento comparável ao do pirimifos-metilo, justificando-se, por isso, a realização de mais estudos, tendo em conta as características bioinsecticidas reveladas neste estudo.
- Published
- 2012
18. Oleorresina de jícama y calidad de semilla de frijol infestada con Acanthoscelides obtectus Say
- Author
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Rangel-Lucio, José Antonio, Juárez-Goiz, José Mayolo, García-Moya, Edmundo, Fernández-Andrés, María Dolores, Rodríguez-Hernández, Cesáreo, and Alvarado-Bárcenas, Estéfana
- Subjects
Standard germination ,bioinsecticide ,bioestimulant ,gorgojo de frijol ,bioinsecticida ,seed vigor ,bean weevil ,Germinación estándar ,vigor de semilla ,bioestimulante - Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of yam bean oleoresin on common bean seed quality and bean weevil control. The oleoresin extract was obtained by the HPLC technique, the presence of rotenone was detected(15 mg/l). Three concentrations of oleoresin extract were tested (Ci, g/ml): C1 (5x10-7, 5x10-6, …5x10-2); C2 (1x10-2, 2x10-2,…6x10-2); C3 (5x10-1, 6x10-1,…9x10-1) and one control treatment per concentration, applied to recipients of 300 ml with 50 g of common bean (varieties Flor de Mayo, Flor de Junio, Mayocoba) and 20 adults bean weevils inside. The bioassay only utilized common beans treated with the C2 concentration by 48 h to evaluate seed vigor and standard germination of common bean at three and seven days after planted, according to ISTA rules. The results demostrated the common bean normal seedlings and standard germination at five days were provocated by gradual C2 increased,particulary 3 x 10-2 to 6 x 10-2 dilutions at nine days after planted and its confirmed the common bean standard germination. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la oleorresina de jícama en la calidad de la semilla de frijol. En laboratorio se obtuvo el extracto de oleorresina media nte HPLC y se detectó la presencia de rotenona (15 mg/l). Se ensayaron tres concentraciones(Ci, g/ml) del extracto: C1 (5x10-7, 5x10-6, …5x10-2);C2 (1x10-2, 2x10-2,…6x10-2); C3 (5x10-1, 6x10-1,…9x10-1) y testigo por concentración, en frascos de 300 ml con 50 g de semilla de frijol (variedades Flor de Ma yo, Flor de Junio, Ma -yocoba) y veinte gorgojos adultos. El ensayo sólo comprendiósemillas de frijol tratadas con C2 por 48 horas para evaluar vigor y germinación estándar a los tres y siete días después de la siembra, bajo normas de IS TA. El aumento de C2 fue gradual en el número de plántulas normales y germinación estándar en el primer recuento, en particular con las diluciones 3 x 10-2a 6 x 10-2; en el segundo recuento se confirmó la germinación estándar total con estas mismas diluciones. El frijol Ma yocoba en presencia del extracto de semilla de jícama, mantuvo el vigor y valores porcentuales aceptables de germinación estándar de la semilla.
- Published
- 2011
19. Oleorresina de jícama y calidad de semilla de frijol infestada con Acanthoscelides obtectus Say
- Author
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Estéfana Alvarado-Bárcenas, María Dolores Fernández-Andrés, José Antonio Rangel-Lucio, José Mayolo Juárez-Goiz, Edmundo García-Moya, and Cesáreo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Subjects
bioestimulante ,Serial dilution ,Soil Science ,Flor ,Germinación estándar ,lcsh:Agriculture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioassay ,bioestimulant ,Cultivar ,Oleoresin ,seed vigor ,Control treatment ,biology ,Standard germination ,lcsh:S ,Bean weevil ,bean weevil ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Germination ,bioinsecticide ,gorgojo de frijol ,bioinsecticida ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,vigor de semilla ,Food Science - Abstract
Oleorresina de jícama y calidad de semilla de frijol infestada con Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la oleorresina de jícama en la calidad de la semilla de frijol. En laboratorio se obtuvo el extracto de oleorresina mediante HPLC y se detectó la presencia de rotenona (15 mg/l). Se ensayaron tres concentraciones (Ci, g/ml) del extracto: C1 (5x10-7, 5x10-6, …5x10-2); C2 (1x10-2, 2x10-2,…6x10-2); C3 (5x10-1, 6x10- 1,…9x10-1) y testigo por concentración, en frascos de 300 ml con 50 g de semilla de frijol (variedades Flor de Mayo, Flor de Junio, Mayocoba) y veinte gorgojos adultos. El ensayo sólo comprendió semillas de frijol tratadas con C2 por 48 horas para evaluar vigor y germinación estándar a los tres y siete días después de la siembra, bajo normas de ISTA. El aumento de C2 fue gradual en el número de plántulas normales y germinación estándar en el primer recuento, en particular con las diluciones 3 x 10-2 a 6 x 10-2; en el segundo recuento se confirmó la germinación estándar total con estas mismas diluciones. El frijol Mayocoba en presencia del extracto de semilla de jícama, mantuvo el vigor y valores porcentuales aceptables de germinación estándar de la semilla. Yam bean oleoresin and seed quality of common bean infested by Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. The objective oof this investigation was to evaluate the effect of yam bean oleoresin on common bean seed quality and bean weevil control. The oleoresin extract was obtained by the HPLC technique, the presence of rotenone was detected (15 mg/l). Three concentrations of oleoresin extract were tested (Ci, g/ml): C1 (5x10-7, 5x10-6, …5x10-2); C2 (1x10-2, 2x 10-2,…6x10-2); C3 (5x10-1, 6x10-1,…9x10-1) and one control treatment per concentration, applied to recipients of 300 ml with 50 g of common bean (varieties Flor de Mayo, Flor de Junio, Mayocoba) and 20 adults bean weevils inside. The bioassay only utilized common beans treated with the C2 concentration by 48 h to evaluate seed vigor and standard germination of common bean at three and seven days after planted, according to ISTA rules. The results demostrated the common bean normal seedlings and standard germination at five days were provocated by gradual C2 increased, particulary 3 x 10-2 to 6 x 10-2 dilutions at nine days after planted and its confirmed the common bean standard germination.
- Published
- 2011
20. Efeito tóxico de Verbena officinalis (família verbenaceae) em Sitophilus granarius (coleoptera: curculionidae)
- Author
-
Arango Gutiérrez, Gloria Patricia and Vásquez Villegas, María Clara
- Subjects
Bio-insecticida ,Bioinsecticida ,Gorgojo ,Beetles ,Aromatic plants ,Besouro ,Verbenaceae ,Plantas aromáticas ,Verbena Officinalis L ,Sitophilus granarius L ,Bioinsecticide - Abstract
Introducción. El gorgojo del maíz Sitophilus granarius L., es considerado una de las plagas más importantes de productos almacenados. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de Verbena officinialis en el control de Sithophilus granarius en maíz almacenado. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó en laboratorio dos tipos de presentaciones de Verbena officinialis para el control de Sithophilus granarius en maíz almacenado, con concentraciones en polvo de 0,4 g, 0,8 g y 1,6 g por cada 10 g de maíz y purín de 3, 6 y 9 ml por cada 10 g de maizal variable evaluada fue la mortalidad de los imagos. El diseño experimental fue aleatorio, los tratamientos tuvieron cuatro repeticiones. Resultados. La mayor mortalidad se obtuvo en polvo en concentración de 1,6 gr con una mortalidad del 50%. En el análisis de varianza realizado, no dio significativo el tipo de presentación ni las concentraciones utilizadas de extractos de Verbena fueron muy bajas para generar mayor mortalidad en Sitophilus. Conclusión. Los metabolitos secundarios poseen actividad tóxica contra los insectos, interfiriendo en el desarrollo o en el comportamiento de los mismos, y contribuyen a la regulación de poblaciones de insectos plagas. Introduction. Sitophilus granarius, or maize beetle, is considered as one of the most important plagues of stored products. Objective. To evaluate the effect of Verbena officinalis in the Sitophilus granarius control in stored corn. Materials and methods. Two presentations of verbena Verbena officinalis were avaluated in the laboratory for the control of Sithophilus granarius in stored corn, with concentrations in powder of 0,4 g, 0,8 g, and 1,6 g per every 10 g of corn and manure of 3, 6 and 9 ml per every 10 g of variable maize was the mortality rate of the imagos. The experimental design was done at random, the treatments had four repetitions. Results. The highest mortality rate was obtained in powder in concentration of 1,6 gr with a mortality rate of 50%. In the variance analysis made, the kinds of presentation were meaningless and the concentrations used in the Verbena extract were too low to generate a higher mortality in Sitophilus. Conclusion. Secondary metabolites have a toxic activity against insects, interfering in their development or their behavior, and thus contributing to plague control. Introdução. O besouro do milho Sitophilus granarius L., é considerado uma das pragas, mas importantes de produtos armazenados. Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito de Verbena officinialis no controle de Sithophilus granarius em milho armazenado. Materiais e métodos. Avaliou-se em laboratório dois tipos de apresentações de verbena Verbena officinialis para o controle de Sithophilus granarius no milho armazenado, com concentrações em pó de 0,4 g, 0,8 g e 1,6 g por cada 10 g de milho e purín de 3, 6 e 9 ml por cada 10 g de maizal variável avaliada foi a mortalidade dos imagos. O desenho experimental foi aleatório, os tratamentos tiveram quatro repetições. Resultados. A maior mortalidade se obteve em pó em concentração de 1,6 gr com uma mortalidade do 50%. Na análise de variància realizada, não deu significativo o tipo de apresentação nem as concentrações utilizadas de extratos de Verbena foram muito baixas para gerar maior mortalidade em Sitophilus. Conclusão Os metabólitos secundários possuem atividade tóxica contra os insetos, interferindo no desenvolvimento ou no comportamento dos mesmos, e contribuem à regulação de populações de insetos pragas.
- Published
- 2008
21. Larval susceptibility of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Sao Paulo, Brazil to Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis H-141
- Author
-
JONNY E. DUQUE-L. and MARIO ANTÔNIO NAVARRO-SILVA
- Subjects
Bioinsecticida ,Control biològico ,Insect Science ,Mosquito control ,Biological Control ,Control de mosquitos ,Bioinsecticide - Abstract
Se determino la susceptibilidad de larvas de Aedes albopictus en condiciones de laboratorio de origen del "Vale do Ribeira llha Cumprida" Sao Paulo, Brasil. El producto utilizado fue Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis H-14 Vectobac-AS con 1.200 unidades internacionales de toxicidad (UIT) por miligramo. Como parametro de comparacion se empleo la colonia Aedes aegypti Rockefeller CDC (Center for Disease Control) de Puerto Rico. Las concentraciones letales obtenidas de Ae. albopictus fueron LC50= 0.12 ppm y LC90= 0,28 ppm y para la especie referenda Ae. aegypti fue CL50 de 0,07 ppm y CL95 de 0,17 ppm. Se puede concluir que Ae. albopictus presento una respuesta al bioinsecticida diferente a Ae. aegypti. The susceptibility of Aedes albopictus larvae, originating from "Vale do Ribeira llha Cumprida" Sao Paulo, Brasil. was determined under laboratory conditions. The product used was Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis H-14 Vectobac-AS with 1,200 internacional toxic units (TU) per milligram. An Aedes aegypti Rockefeller colony from CDC (Center for Disease Control) of Puerto Rico was used as a reference. Lethal concentrations determined for Ae. albopictus were LC50= 0.12 ppm and LC95= 0.28 ppm and for the reference species Ae. aegypti they were LC(50)0.07 ppm and LC95 0.17 ppm. It is concluded that Ae. albopictus presented a different response to the bioinsecticide than Ae. aegypti.
- Published
- 2005
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