48 results on '"Antropologia Biológica"'
Search Results
2. ARQUEOLOGIA E ANTROPOLOGIA FORENSE EM CONTEXTOS DE VIOLÊNCIA POLÍTICA.
- Author
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Ana Correia, Maria
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ETHNOARCHAEOLOGY ,POLITICAL violence ,FORENSIC anthropology ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,PHYSICAL anthropology ,ARCHAEOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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3. Análisis tafonómicos de restos óseos humanos contemporáneos en contexto de cementerios (Córdoba, Argentina): Aportes aplicados a la antropología forense.
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Benedetti, Florencia, Tavarone, Aldana, and González, Claudina
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PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,COFFINS ,PHYSICAL anthropology ,CEMETERIES - Abstract
Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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4. La obra de Francisco Raúl Carnese y su aporte a la Antropología Biológica argentina.
- Author
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Avena, Sergio
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples of South America ,RACIAL classification ,SCIENCE museums ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,POPULATION genetics - Abstract
Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
5. POR UMA BIOARQUEOLOGIA DAS TÉCNICAS CORPORAIS.
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Fidalgo, Daniel, DiGiusto, Marina, Stabile, Rafael, Aceto, Beatriz, Rodrigues, Igor, and Wesolowski, Veronica
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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6. DIETA E CONDIÇÕES DE VIDA EM SAQUAREMA-RJ: ESTUDO DE SAÚDE ORAL E ISOTÓPICOS DOS REMANESCENTES ESQUELÉTICOS ESCAVADOS DE GRUPOS CAÇADORES-COLETORES-PESCADORES.
- Author
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de Freitas, Victor Guida, Ribeiro Bastos, Murilo Quintans, Silveira de Sá Ribeiro, Isabella Gomes, and Rodrigues-Carvalho, Claudia
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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7. Crânios, corpos e medidas: a constituição do acervo de instrumentos antropométricos do Museu Nacional na passagem do século XIX para o XX Crania, bodies, and measurements: formation of the collection of anthropometric instruments at the Museu Nacional in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century
- Author
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Guilherme José da Silva e Sá, Ricardo Ventura Santos, Claudia Rodrigues-Carvalho, and Elizabeth Christina da Silva
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história da antropologia ,antropometria ,Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) ,antropologia biológica ,instrumentos científicos ,history of anthropology ,anthropometry ,biological anthropology ,scientific instruments ,History of medicine. Medical expeditions ,R131-687 - Abstract
Aborda o processo de constituição do acervo de instrumentos científicos do Setor de Antropologia Biológica (antiga Divisão de Antropologia Física) do Museu Nacional. Prioriza-se a análise da coleção de instrumentos de antropometria. Pensar o instrumental de medição antropométrica relacionando-o com as demais coleções do acervo de antropologia biológica e com a atuação dos pesquisadores do Museu Nacional, em seus respectivos contextos sociopolíticos e acadêmicos, oferece uma visão privilegiada do panorama científico na passagem do século XIX para o XX.Analyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional's Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institution's biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth.
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- 2008
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8. El concepto de homología en Evo-Devo y ciencias cognitivas: un enfoque histórico-epistemológico.
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Macías Valadez, Bernardo Yáñez
- Abstract
The extrpolation of the Evo-Devo perspective in the cognitive sciences realm is promising but at the same time it can carry some interesting epistemic problems. Such considerations are engaged with the different type of explanation or conceptualization of causality in the hierarchichal systems of Evo-Devo, vis-à-vis the typical explanations of characteristic hierarchichal systems of cognitive sciences. Frans de Waal and Pier F. Ferrari had established a bottom-up hypothesis for explaining the imitative behaviors of primates during affective interactions. From this point of view, they suggest that "deep homology" a concept from Evo-Devo can be used to analyze the most inferior hierarchichal levels that underlie the functioning of mirror neurons. In accordance with my analysis, the model proposed by the authors do not satisfactorily calrify if the mirror neurons of different primate species share a set of common genetic-embriologic determinants, a mandatorily condition for a valid use of the concept of deep homology. Due to the possibility that different regulatory networks could give place to sets of mirror neurons with similar functional properties, it would be frail to establish that behavioral capabilities, which are in fact functional properties, depend on a straightforward anatomical and functional implementation in primates. From a historical and epistemological analysis of the concept of homology I revise the previous hypothesis and propose some relevant aspects for its assessment. I close this paper with a commentary on the broad epistemic landscape in which this interesting hypothesis is framed, the bioanthropological discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
9. Para una bioarqueología de técnicas corporales
- Author
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Ferreira Fidalgo, Daniel Filipe, DiGiusto, Marina, Stabile, Rafael, Aceto, Beatriz, Rodrigues, Igor, and Wesolowski, Veronica
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Archeology ,Biological Anthropology ,Restos humanos ,Remanescentes Humanos ,Arqueologia ,Antropología biológica ,Human remains ,Antropologia Biológica ,Arqueología - Abstract
We explore information obtained by analyzing skeletal remains, when the body is perceived as a perishable technology. As a theoretical framework, we use the principle of body techniques as described by Marcel Mauss, and demonstrate how results obtained through bioarcheological analysis fit several of its criteria. Far from an extensive review about analytical possibilities, our objective is to reflect on how this data may contribute to present archaeological narratives about past societies. Finally, we briefly demonstrate how the analysis of skeletal remains may be seen as an opportunity to explore other perishable technologies. Aquí exploramos el potencial informativo del análisis de restos humanos, cuando el propio cuerpo se percibe como tecnología perecedera. Como base teórica, partimos del principio de técnicas corporales descrito por Marcel Mauss, y demostramos a través de algunos ejemplos cómo los resultados del análisis bioarqueológicas se encuadran en varias de sus categorías. Lejos de ser un ejercicio extenso sobre todas las posibilidades de análisis, pretendemos llevar al lector a reflexionar sobre cómo estos datos pueden complementar narrativas arqueológicas sobre sociedades pasadas. Finalmente, también demostramos brevemente cómo el análisis de restos humanos puede verse como una ventana para explorar otras tecnologías perecederas. Aqui exploramos o potencial informativo da análise de remanescentes humanos, quando o corpo é em si percepcionado enquanto tecnologia perecível. Como embasamento teórico, partimos do princípio de técnicas corporais descritas por Marcel Mauss, e demonstramos através de alguns exemplos como resultados de análises bioarqueológicas se enquadram em diversas das suas categorias. Longe de um exercício extensivo sobre todas as possibilidades de análise, pretendemos apenas levar o leitor a refletir como estes dados podem se enquadrar e complementar narrativas arqueológicas vigentes sobre sociedades pretéritas. Por fim, demonstramos ainda de forma breve como a análise de remanescentes humanos pode ser encarada como uma janela para explorar outras tecnologias perecíveis.
- Published
- 2021
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10. Biological Anthropology in 2014: Beyond the Traditional.
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Hawks, John
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PHYSICAL anthropology , *SEXUAL harassment , *HUMAN genetics , *RACE , *DNA analysis - Abstract
ABSTRACT Here I review some of the newsworthy developments in biological anthropology for the year 2014. This review essay focuses broadly upon three areas: (1) the illumination of sexual harassment and assault issues in fieldwork settings by Clancy and colleagues (2014), (2) the abandonment of traditional concept of race in favor of a more sophisticated geographic and genetic view of ancestry in human populations, and (3) the increasing importance of using ancient DNA techniques toward an understanding of human prehistoric movements and adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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11. La tesis bio-antropología del innatismo Falacias descubiertas desde la reflexión filosófica acerca de la experiencia moral.
- Author
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FERNÁNDEZ, ÓSCAR BARROSO
- Abstract
Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
12. Aplicando a densitometria ao Neolítico: estudo do fémur proximal em sítios arqueológicos portugueses
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Catarino, Bárbara Quitério, Silva, Ana Maria Gama da, and Curate, José Francisco Taborda
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Biological Anthropology ,Neolítico ,sex diagnosis ,densitometria óssea ,diagnose sexual ,estimativa de idade à morte ,bone densitometry ,age-at-death estimation ,Neolithic ,Antropologia Biológica - Published
- 2020
13. ESPACIOS MORTUORIOS Y BIOARQUEOLOGÍA HISTÓRICA EN LA IGLESIA LA CANDELARIA EN BOGOTÁ.
- Author
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RIVERA-SANDOVAL, JAVIER
- Abstract
Copyright of Maguaré is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
14. Contemporary Biological Anthropology in 2013: Integrative, Connected, and Relevant.
- Author
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MacKinnon, Katherine C.
- Subjects
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PHYSICAL anthropology -- Research , *PHYSICAL anthropology , *GENOMICS , *PRIMATE evolution , *FOSSIL hominids , *PALEOANTHROPOLOGY , *SCIENCE in mass media - Abstract
ABSTRACT 2013 was a remarkable year in biological anthropology. From perplexing fossil hominin discoveries to revealing genome analyses, discussions of ethics in the field, and the continuing public dissemination of our work, we grappled with a lot both within and outside the academy. Here I explore some of these major accomplishments across four main themes: (1) new hominin finds and resulting consideration of the complex landscapes across which our various ancestors lived, adapted, and possibly interbred; (2) recent news from (nonhuman) primate evolution and contemporary primatological practice; (3) the demonstrated relevance of biological anthropology to anthropology with examples from integrative biocultural and ethnoprimatological approaches that move beyond dated subfield constraints; and (4) the value of social media and engagement of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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15. 'Tomar' os ossos de Stª Mª dos Olivais: Estudo paleobiológico de uma amostra osteológica humana
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Silva, Sofia Bárbara Bacarin da, Santos, Ana Luísa da Conceição dos, and Lopes, Célia Cristina Rodrigues
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Idade Média/Moderna ,Biological Anthropology ,Templars ,Necrópole ,Igreja ,Necropolis ,Templários ,Church ,Middle/Modern Ages ,Antropologia Biológica - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado em Evolução e Biologia Humanas apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Entre 2007/2009, o espaço em torno da igreja de Stª Maria dos Olivais (Tomar, Santarém) foi intervencionado ao abrigo do Programa Polis, S.A. com vista à requalificação urbana. Destas intervenções resultaram cerca de 3650 exumações e 1504 ossários, encontrando-se já estudados 256 indivíduos.O principal objetivo desta dissertação é a análise paleobiológica de 30 indivíduos provenientes da Área 18, escavada em 2008/2009, e as metodologias utilizadas deram preferência às anteriormente escolhidas por autores que estudaram esta coleção. Existem 14 adultos (nove homens, quatro mulheres, um indeterminado) e 16 não adultos a que se tentou também estimar o sexo. A média estatura dos adultos estão dentro do expectável (homens: 162,2 ± 6,90cm; mulheres: 151,0 ± 5,92cm) mas a robustez dos seus ossos foi maior que a dos indivíduos anteriormente estudados. Foram ainda registados 86 dentes decíduos (29 in situ) e 593 permanentes (248 in situ), todos com algum tipo de desgaste, e 96 alvéolos reabsorvidos. A presença de hipoplasias afetou principalmente não adultos (56,3%).Existiam manifestações patológicas em todos os adultos (100%) e sete não adultos (43,8%). A cárie esteve presente em 26 indivíduos, tártaro em 19, doença periodontal em seis, inflamação periapical em dois. Entre os adultos as manifestações ósseas mais frequentemente observadas derivavam de alterações no local de inserção das enteses e ligamentos amarelos (100%), seguida pela presença de osteoartrose (64,3%) e remodelações de traumas (71,4%). Já entre os não adultos, foi mais frequente a ocorrência de traumas e possíveis patologias infeciosas (12,5%, cada).No futuro, será necessário estudar os ossários associados aos enterramentos, os carateres morfológicos dentários, continuar com a análise de isótopos e, talvez, desenvolver uma metodologia de estimativa sexual em não adultos com base em regressões logísticas, aplicadas a partir dos valores métricos de todos os adultos de Stª Maria dos Olivais cujo sexo foi estimado. Between 2007/2009, the space around the church of Stª Maria dos Olivais (Tomar, Santarém) was excavated under the Programa Polis, S.A. for urban requalification. From these interventions resulted 3650 exhumations and 1504 ossuaries and till now there are 256 individuals already studied.The main objective of this dissertation is the paleobiological analysis of 30 skeletons from Area 18, excavated in 2008/2009, and the methodologies used gave preference to those previously chosen by authors who studied this collection. There are 14 adults (nine men, four women, one undetermined) and 16 non-adults, which we also tried to estimate the sex. The average height of adults is within expectations (men: 162,2 ± 6.90cm; women: 151,0 ± 5.92cm) but the robusticity of their bones was greater than that of the individuals previously studied. There are 86 deciduous teeth (29 in situ) and 593 permanents (248 in situ), all with some type of wear, and 96 reabsorbed alveoli. The presence of hypoplasias affected mainly non-adults (56,3%).There were pathological manifestations in all adults (100%) and seven non-adults (43.8%). Caries was present in 26 individuals, tartar in 19, periodontal disease in six, periapical inflammation in two. Among adults, the most frequently observed bone manifestations were due to changes in the yellow ligaments and enthesis ligaments insertion site (100%), followed by the presence of osteoarthritis (64,3%) and trauma remodeling (71,4%). Among non adults, traumas and possible infectious pathologies were the most frequent (12,5%, each).In the future, it will be necessary to study the ossuaries associated with burials, dental morphological characters, continue with isotope analysis and, perhaps, develop a methodology for sexual estimation in non-adults based on logistic regressions, applied from the metric values of all the adults of Stª Maria dos Olivais whose sex was estimated.
- Published
- 2020
16. La Antropología Biológica en América Latina y el Caribe: Avances y perspectivas
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Rodríguez C., José V.
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Revistas ,Universidad de Los Andes ,Biological anthropology ,Research problems ,Articulos [Boletín Antropológico] ,Problemas de investigación ,América Latina y Caribe ,Antropología biológica ,Latin America and the Caribbean - Abstract
Se aborda el surgimiento y evolución de la Antropología Biológica como ciencia en América Latina y el Caribe, las escuelas de formación, sus principales investigadores, los problemas de investigación en el ámbito de las sociedades prehispánicas, como el tema del poblamiento temprano de América y la salud de las sociedades antiguas. Se destaca el papel que ha jugado la Antropología Forense en la búsqueda e identificación de los desaparecidos por diferentes conflictos en los países latinoamericanos. Se concluye que esta disciplina ha aportado de manera significativa al conocimiento del pasado y presente de la variabilidad biológica de nuestras poblaciones. It addresses the emergence and evolution of Biological Anthropology as in Latin America and the Caribbean, training schools, its main researchers, research problems in the field of pre-Hispanic societies, such as the issue of the early settlement of America and health of ancient societies. The role that forensic anthropology has played in the search and identification of those disappeared due to different conflicts in Latin American countries is highlighted. It is concluded that this discipline has contributed significantly to the knowledge of the past and present of the biological variability of our populations. 234-285 Museo Arqueológico “Gonzalo Rincón Gutiérrez” jvrodriguezc@unal.edu.co Semestral www.saber.ula.ve/boletin_antropologico
- Published
- 2020
17. Antropología biológica en el Occidente de Venezuela.Perspectiva del estudio diacrónico de los rasgos dentales no-métricos
- Author
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García Sivoli, Carlos
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Biological Anthropology ,West Venzuela ,Revistas ,Universidad de Los Andes ,Occidente de Venezuela ,Antropología Biológica ,Diachronic study of non-metric dental features ,Articulos [Boletín Antropológico] ,Estudio diacrónico de los rasgos dentales no-métricos - Abstract
Los dientes al estar constituidos por elementos mineralizados hacen que los mismos desafien facilmente el paso del tiempo. Los rasgos dentales no-métricos (RDNM) estan regulados por una fuerte base genética y no están sujetos a modificaciones externas. De lo anterior podemos acotar la gran importancia y confiabalidad de los RDNM en los estudios poblacionales, ayudannos a entender el grado de similitud biológica que existen entre ellas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir en una apretada síntesis y en una perspectiva histórico/diacrónica el alcance de los estudios realizados de los RDNM en el análisis filogéneticos de poblaciones del occidente de Venezuela. As teeth are made up of mineralized elements, they easily defy the passage of time. Non-metric dental traits (RDNM) are regulated by a strong genetic basis and are not subject to external modifications. From the above, we can limit the great importance and reliability of RDNM in population studies, they help us understand the degree of biological similarity that exists between them. The objective of this article is to describe in a tight synthesis and in a historical / diachronic perspective the scope of the studies carried out on RDNM in the phylogenetic analysis of populations in western Venezuela. 418-427 Museo Arqueológico “Gonzalo Rincón Gutiérrez” sivolig@gmail.com Semestral www.saber.ula.ve/boletin_antropologico
- Published
- 2020
18. A Shifting Theoretical Framework for Biological Anthropology in 2012.
- Author
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Van Arsdale, Adam P.
- Subjects
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PHYSICAL anthropology , *GENOMICS , *HUMAN evolution , *TECHNOLOGY , *CHILDBIRTH , *LOCOMOTION , *BIOENERGETICS - Abstract
The research produced in biological anthropology over the past year spans a dizzying array of topics, methodologies, and perspectives on human evolution and variation. In this essay, I attempt to encapsulate a slice of that research into a broader discussion of the discipline. In this view, what stands out most notably in the past year's research is the way in which new observations, the product of new technologies and new interactions across disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries, have dramatically shifted understandings of long-studied anthropological questions. The origin of modern humans, the evolution of human birth, and the locomotion of our hominin ancestors are just three topics that exemplify such changes in perspective over the past year. An additional shift within the discipline is the increasing importance of open access and online forums for the research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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19. LA MUJER EN EL REGISTRO BIOARQUEOLOGICO Y SU VISIBILIDAD EN LOS CONTEXTOS FUNERARIOS.
- Author
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Inés Baffi, E. and Seldes, Verónica
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PHYSICAL anthropology ,HUMAN biology ,ZOOARCHAEOLOGY ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains ,SURVEYS - Abstract
Copyright of Comechingonia: Revista de Arqueología is the property of Comechingonia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Craniofacial Anthropometry in a Young Nigerian Population: the Canthal Distances.
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Jaja, Blessing N. R., Fawehinmi, Hakeem B., and Jack, Joy T.
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PHYSICAL anthropology , *ANTHROPOMETRY , *CRANIOFACIAL abnormalities , *FORENSIC anthropology , *NIGERIANS - Abstract
The measurement of craniofacial parameters have clinical, forensic and anthropologic significance. Local data on inner canthal and outer canthal distances and the canthal index may reveal the pattern of differential growth in craniofacial features resulting from factors such as sex, diet and genetic distinctions. In the present study, we provide normative data on canthal distances in a Nigerian population which has not been studied previously, utilizing a study design which optimises the effect of age and minimise bias and confounding than previous studies in Nigerian groups. The mean inner canthal distance was 1.85±0.30cm and 2.07±0.29cm (males vs. females, p= 0.000)- mean outer canthal distance, 10.39±0.56cm and 10.40±0.98cm (males vs. female, p= 0.899). The results were found to be considerably lower than what has been reported among Nigerian groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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21. Transvalued Species in an African Forest.
- Author
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REMIS, MELISSA J. and HARDIN, REBECCA
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ANIMAL species , *FOREST reserves , *TRANSECT method , *HUNTING , *FOREST management , *SOCIAL hierarchy in animals , *WILDLIFE conservation , *CONSERVATION biology - Abstract
We combined ethnographic investigations with repeated ecological transect surveys in the Dzanga-Sangha Dense Forest Reserve (RDS), Central African Republic, to elucidate consequences of intensifying mixed use of forests. We devised a framework for transvaluation of wildlife species, which means the valuing of species on the basis of their ecological, economic, and symbolic roles in human lives. We measured responses to hunting, tourism, and conservation of two transvalued species in RDS: elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis ) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla ). Our methods included collecting data on encounter rates and habitat use on line transects. We recorded cross-cultural variation in ideas about and interactions with these species during participant observation of hunting and tourism encounters and ethnographic interviews with hunters, conservation staff, researchers, and tourists. Ecologically, gorillas used human-modified landscapes successfully, and elephants were more vulnerable than gorillas to hunting. Economically, tourism and encounters with elephants and gorillas generated revenues and other benefits for local participants. Symbolically, transvaluation of species seemed to undergird competing institutions of forest management that could prove unsustainable. Nevertheless, transvaluation may also offer alternatives to existing social hierarchies, thereby integrating local and transnational support for conservation measures. The study of transvaluation requires attention to transnational flows of ideas and resources because they influence transspecies interactions. Cross-disciplinary in nature, transvalution of species addresses the political and economic challenges to conservation because it recognizes the varied human communities that shape the survival of wildlife in a given site. Transvaluation of species could foster more socially inclusive management and monitoring approaches attuned to competing economic demands, specific species behaviors, and human practices at local scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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22. Crânios, corpos e medidas: a constituição do acervo de instrumentos antropométricos do Museu Nacional na passagem do século XIX para o XX.
- Author
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da Silva e Sá, Guilherme José, Santos, Ricardo Ventura, Rodrigues-Carvalho, Claudia, and da Silva, Elizabeth Christina
- Subjects
MUSEUMS ,SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments ,PHYSICAL anthropology ,ANTHROPOMETRY - Abstract
Copyright of História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos is the property of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
23. Contribution of paleopathology to the knowledge of the origin and spread of tuberculosis: evidence from Portugal
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Ana Luísa Santos and Vítor Matos
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lcsh:Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,Tuberculosis ,bioarchaeology ,Mal de Pott ,Paleopatologia ,lcsh:Anthropology ,Disease ,mal de Pott ,Pulmonary tuberculosis ,Paleotuberculose ,medicine ,Bone formation ,Pott’s disease ,Antropologia biológica ,Paleopathology ,Osteology ,paleopathology ,bioarqueologia ,lcsh:GN1-890 ,biological anthropology ,Bioarcheology ,medicine.disease ,Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy ,lcsh:GN301-674 ,Geography ,Homo sapiens ,Anthropology ,antropologia biológica ,Ethnology ,paleopatologia ,Paleotuberculosis - Abstract
Paleopathology contributes to the knowledge of health and disease in past populations. In the case of tuberculosis, paleopathological research contributes to a better understanding of the antiquity and spread of the disease around the globe, as well as in Portugal. These aspects are the objectives of this work. Genomic research on the Koch bacillus indicates a co-evolution with African Homo sapiens. However, macroscopic, microscopic, imaging and biomolecular analyzes of human skeletal remains suggest that tuberculosis (TB) began to affect humans during the Neolithic period. For several decades the paleopathological diagnosis of tuberculosis was essentially based on the identification of Pott’s disease. More recently, the study of identified skeletal collections has revealed a statistically significant association between both new bone formation on the visceral surface of the ribs and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and cause of death by pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, these skeletal signs have been used to assist in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Portugal, as in many other countries, notably European countries, was greatly affected by tuberculosis. However, the paleopathological record in the national territory can be considered quite scarce. Amongst the 8000 individuals studied from archaeological excavations, only 81 have bone changes compatible with the disease. Continued research on human and animal osteological remains will certainly bring new developments concerning the antiquity, evolution and spread of tuberculosis across populations and continents., A paleopatologia contribui para o conhecimento da saúde e da doença em populações do passado. No caso particular da tuberculose auxilia na pesquisa que pretende determinar a antiguidade e a dispersão da doença pelo mundo, bem como as evidências existentes em Portugal. Estes aspetos constituem os objetivos deste trabalho. As pesquisas genómicas ao bacilo de Koch indicam uma coevolução com o Homo sapiens a partir de África. No entanto, análises macroscópicas, microscópicas, imagiológicas e biomoleculares dos vestígios osteológicos humanos apontam para que a tuberculose tenha começado a afetar a humanidade no período Neolítico. Durante várias décadas o diagnóstico paleopatológico da tuberculose fez-se, essencialmente, pela identificação do Mal de Pott. Mais recentemente, fruto de estudos em coleções osteológicas identificadas, verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a formação de osso novo na superfície visceral das costelas e a osteoartropatia hipertrófica nos indivíduos que tiveram tuberculose registada como causa de morte e, portanto, estas lesões começaram a ser usadas no diagnóstico diferencial desta doença. Portugal, tal como muitos outros países, maioritariamente europeus, foi bastante afetado pela tuberculose. No entanto, o registo paleopatológico em território nacional pode ser considerado escasso. Dos mais de 8000 indivíduos estudados provenientes de escavações arqueológicas em território português apenas 81 apresentam alterações ósseas compatíveis com a doença. A continuação das pesquisas em vestígios osteológicos humanos e de animais irá, certamente, trazer novos desenvolvimentos acerca da antiguidade, evolução e dispersão da tuberculose pelas populações e continentes.
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- 2019
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24. Antropología Biológica y su relación con la Odontología Genómica. Revisión de la literatura
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Sosa Marquina, Dario Ernesto, Solórzano N., Eduvigis, and Díaz, Nancy
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Odontología Genómica ,Biological Anthropology ,PCR ,Gen ,Universidad de Los Andes ,Artículos [Boletín Antropológico] ,Antropología Biológica ,ADN ,Genetics ,Artículos ,DNA ,Genética ,Genomics Dentistry - Abstract
La aparición de la antropología biológica y su trabajo cooperativo con la odontología se basa en incorporar la genética dentro de sus problemas de estudio, tomando en cuenta que la cavidad bucal es un terreno rico en ADN. Es así como podemos determinar el comportamiento de los grupos humanos pretéritos, sus posibles afecciones, patrones de dieta, genética de poblaciones y movimientos migratorios. Además, es posible estudiar la evolución del aparato estomatognático en su totalidad y el comportamiento patogénico de microorganismos, permitiendo así una mayor comprensión del proceso saludenfermedad y la incorporación de nuevas y mejores técnicas y tratamientos para afecciones bucales. The appearence of biological anthropology and its cooperative work with dentistry is based on incorporating genetics into their study problems, taking into account that the oral cavity is a land rich in DNA. This is how we can determine the behavior of preterm human groups, their possible affections, diet patterns, population genetics and migratory movements. It is also possible to study the evolution of the stomatognathic apparatus in its entirety and the pathogenic behavior of microorganisms, thus allowing a greater un-derstan- ding of the health-disease process and the incorporation of new and better techniques and treatments for oral affections. 447-470 dario.sosa@gmail.com duvisolorzano@gmail.com jabibe75@gmail.com Semestral www.saber.ula.ve/boletin_antropologico
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- 2019
25. More than meets the eye : Alterações na densidade mineral óssea com o aumento da temperatura
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Monteiro, Cristiana Romão, Curate, José Francisco Taborda, and Ferreira, Maria Teresa dos Santos
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DXA ,Biological Anthropology ,ossos queimados ,Forensic Anthropology ,burned bones ,FTIR-ATR ,Antropologia Biológica ,Antropologia Forense - Published
- 2019
26. Resting in peace or in pieces? Tomb I and death management in the 3rd millennium BC at the Perdigões Enclosure (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal)
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Evangelista, Lucy Elizabeth Shaw and Silva, Ana Maria
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Biological Anthropology ,Ciências Sociais::Sociologia [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Recent Prehistory ,Collective Burials ,Práticas Funerárias ,Funerary Practices ,Antropologia Biológica ,Pré-História Recente ,Sepulturas Colectivas - Abstract
Thesis presented to the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra in order to obtain the degree of Doctor In Biological Anthropology For this study, the human bone sample recovered from Tomb I was analysed from a bioarchaeological perspective with the aim of contributing towards a better understanding of the Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic individuals that used the Perdigões prehistoric enclosures (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) as a burial site, and their attitudes towards death. To achieve this, four main research objectives were defined: (I) the analysis of the human remains exhumed from Tomb I, in order to characterize demographic, morphologic and pathological aspects of the population(II) based on physical anthropological analysis and the archaeological register, identification of funerary rules and attitudes, relating them to mental constructions towards death through a study of: the conception and form of deposition of human remains; the organization of the internal space of the tomb; evidence of ritualization; signs of management of the funerary space (III) to understand how the specific mortuary practices identified in Tomb I fit into the global funerary practices already known for the rest of the important archaeological site of Perdigões (IV) Tomb I was also understood within the context the history of the use of other tholoi type structures in the territory that is now referred to as South Portugal. Tomb I is a tholos type structure from Perdigões Archaeological Complex, dated from the first half of the 3rd millennium BC and excavated between 1997 and 2001.The sample was in poor state of conservation and highly fragmented, and skeletonized elements were found completely disarticulated. Anthropic and natural taphonomic alterations were limiting factors of the study. A two-fold approach was applied to the study of the skeletal sample from this funerary structure. First, it was studied according to the archaeological phases defined after field work, which sought to understand possible differentiated uses of the tomb through time. The skeletal sample was then studied as a whole, regardless of phases of use. The data obtained through this latter anthropological study were utilized for the paleodemographic reconstruction and for the identification of potential patterns in mortuary practices and for further comparison of this monument with other funerary structures inside and outside Perdigões Archaeological Complex. Both approaches mirror the same reality: the collective, commingled use of this tomb for deposition of human remains from both sexes and individuals of all ages. A total of 61926 bone fragments and 1579 teeth were studied. The paleodemographic approach estimated an MNI of 103 individuals for this structure: 55 adults and 48 non-adults (below 15 years of age at death). Results showed both sexes were represented, while non-metric trait data, highly limited by the conditions of the sample, delivered few results. Calculus was identified on 20,6% of the analysed teeth (289/1399) and linear enamel hypoplasia on 10,4% (143/1369) of the tooth sample, making them the most frequently represented dental pathologies for permanent teeth. Average tooth wear in this sample was low: 1,9 (n=1428) very close to the level of wear obtained for deciduous dentition: 1,8 (n=84). Cariogenic lesions were found on only 0,5% of the 1406 permanent teeth analysed and antemortem tooth loss was identified in 5,3% (n=29/539) of the observable alveoli. Skeletal pathological changes related mostly to joint disease, found mainly on upper and lower limb bones and the spine. The presence of enthesopathies were most commonly found on the lower limb and foot bones. Some evidence other diseases, such as infectious, congenital, metabolic and traumatic conditions, was found, but in low frequencies. However, the rarity of some of these pathologies for prehistoric contexts must be highlighted, as the probable case of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna identified on an individual from Phase 2C. The analysis of the use of the chamber for funerary depositions throughout the different phases revealed that different physical areas were used for the depositions of human remains and artefacts. In terms of Funerary Anthropology, Tomb I constitutes a burial site where an obvious and intense manipulation of the skeletal remains took place. No anatomical connections were identified and evidence suggests the secondary use of this funerary structure, although the possible presence of primary depositions at some point of its life cannot be overruled. Comparison with other tholos/tholoi type structures made it possible to record differences in demographic, morphological and pathological features between coeval populations. Neste trabalho, os ossos humanos recuperados do Sepulcro I, foram analisados numa perspectiva bio-arqueológica com o objectivo de contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos indivíduos do Neolítico Final / Calcolítico, que usaram o Complexo Arqueológico dos Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) como local de enterramento e suas atitudes em relação à morte. Para atingir este objectivo, 4 linhas de investigação foram definidas: (I) a análise dos restos humanos exumados do Sepulcro I, a fim de caracterizar os aspectos demográficos, morfológicos e patológicos dos indivíduos exumados (II) com base nos dados de antropológica biológica e do registo arqueológico, identificar regras e atitudes funerárias através de um estudo da concepção e forma de deposição de restos humanos, da organização do espaço interno do túmulo, das evidências de ritualização e dos sinais de gestão do próprio espaço funerário (III) compreender de que forma as práticas mortuárias específicas identificadas no Sepulcro I se encaixam nas práticas funerárias conhecidas para o sítio arqueológico dos Perdigões (IV) e compreender como o Sepulcro I se enquadra no contexto da utilização de outros monumentos funerários tipo-tholos conhecidos para o sul de Portugal. O Sepulcro I é uma estrutura funerário tipo-tholos do Complexo Arqueológico de Perdigões, datada da primeira metade do 3º milénio AC e escavada entre 1997 e 2001. A amostra encontrava-se em mau estado de conservação e muito fragmentada, e os elementos esqueléticos foram encontrados completamente desarticulados. Alterações tafonómicas de origem antrópica e natural foram factores limitantes do estudo. Foi aplicada uma dupla abordagem ao estudo da amostra esquelética da Perdigões. Primeiro, o monumento foi estudado de acordo com as fases arqueológicas definidas após o trabalho de campo, que procuravam compreender possíveis usos diferenciados do túmulo ao longo do tempo. A amostra esquelética foi depois estudada como um todo, independentemente das fases de uso. Os dados obtidos através desta última abordagem foram utilizados para o estudo subsequente. Este incluiu a caracterização antropológica e a identificação de potenciais padrões nas práticas mortuárias da amostra esquelética e para posterior comparação do Sepulcro I com outras estruturas funerárias dentro e fora do Complexo Arqueológico dos Perdigões. Ambas as abordagens refletem a mesma realidade: o uso coletivo deste túmulo para a deposição de restos humanos de indivíduos de ambos os sexos e de todas as idades. Um total de 61926 fragmentos de osso e 1579 dentes foram estudados para o Sepulcro I. A abordagem paleodemográfica estimou um NMI de 103 para esta estrutura: 55 adultos e 48 não adultos (menos de 15 anos de idade). Os resultados mostraram que ambos os sexos se encontravam representados. A análise dos dados paleomorfológicos, muito limitada pelas condições da amostra, apresentou poucos resultados. As patologias orais mais frequentemente representadas para dentes permanentes são o tártaro, identificado em 20,6% dos dentes analisados (289/1399) e as hipoplasias do esmalte dentário, observadas em 10,4% (143/1369) da amostra dentária. O desgaste médio dos dentes era baixo: 1,9 (n=1428) muito próximo do nível de desgaste obtido para a dentição decidual: 1,8 (n = 84). As lesões cariogénicas foram identificadas em apenas em 0,5% dos 1406 dentes permanentes observados e a perda de dentes antemortem foi identificada em 5,3% (n = 29/539) dos alvéolos observáveis. Alterações patológicas do esqueleto estavam principalmente relacionadas com a doença articular, encontradas sobretudo nos ossos dos membros superiores e inferiores e na coluna vertebral. A presença de entesopatias foi mais comumente encontrada nos membros inferiores e nos ossos dos pés. Foram identificadas algumas evidências de outras doenças infecciosas, congénitas, metabólicas e traumáticas, mas em baixas frequências. No entanto, a raridade de algumas destas patologias para contextos pré-históricos deve ser destacada, como o provável caso de Hiperostosis Frontalis Interna identificado num indivíduo da Fase 2C. A análise do uso da câmara para deposições funerárias ao longo das diferentes fases revelou que diferentes áreas físicas foram usadas para deposições de restos humanos e artefactos. Em termos de Antropologia Funerária, o Sepulcro I constitui-se como um local de enterramento onde ocorreu uma intensa manipulação dos restos humanos. Não foram identificadas conexões anatómicas e as evidências sugerem o uso secundário desta estrutura funerária, embora a possível presença de deposições primárias, em alguma fase da sua utilização, não possa ser rejeitada. A comparação com outras estruturas do tipo tholos permitiu registar diferenças demográficas, morfológicas e patológicas entre populações contemporâneas e esclarecer a presença potencial de rituais funerários diferenciados ocorrendo ao mesmo tempo em diferentes regiões.
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- 2018
27. Developmental pathways inferred from modularity, morphological integration and fuctuating asymmetry patterns in the human face
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Virginia Ramallo, Andres Ruiz-Linares, Williams Arias, Francisco Rothhammer, Rolando González-José, Javier Rosique, Carolina Paschetta, Paola Everardo, Victor Acuña-Alonzo, Soledad de Azevedo, Jorge Gómez-Valdés, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez, Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz, Francisco de Avila, G. Poletti, Pablo E. Navarro, Claudia Jaramillo, Caio Cesar Silva de Cerqueira, Celia Cintas, Kaustubh Adhikari, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Gabriel Bedoya, Maria Cátira Bortolini, Carla Gallo, Tábita Hünemeier, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept of Genetics, Evolution and Environment [London] (UCL-GEE), University College of London [London] (UCL), State Key Laboratory of Genetics Engineering & MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University [Shanghai]-School of Life Sciences, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropologia y Historia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS)-Instituto de Biociencias, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Facultad de Medicina & Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca-Universidade de Chile, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Developmental noise ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Biological anthropology ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Genome-wide association study ,Evolutionary biology ,Fluctuating asymmetry ,HUMAN FACE ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,0302 clinical medicine ,FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY ,lcsh:Science ,Maxillofacial Development ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.15 [https] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle Aged ,Phenotype ,Female ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ,Adult ,Rostro humano ,Adolescent ,Otras Ciencias Biológicas ,Biology ,GENOMAS ,Article ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,Set (psychology) ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Modularity (networks) ,Modularidad ,lcsh:R ,Quantitative genetics ,Antropología biológica ,Genetic architecture ,LATIN AMERICANS ,Latin America ,030104 developmental biology ,Face ,Evolutionary developmental biology ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Facial asymmetries are usually measured and interpreted as proxies to developmental noise. However, analyses focused on its developmental and genetic architecture are scarce. To advance on this topic, studies based on a comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of modularity, morphological integration and facial asymmetries including both phenotypic and genomic information are needed. Here we explore several modularity hypotheses on a sample of Latin American mestizos, in order to test if modularity and integration patterns differ across several genomic ancestry backgrounds. To do so, 4104 individuals were analyzed using 3D photogrammetry reconstructions and a set of 34 facial landmarks placed on each individual. We found a pattern of modularity and integration that is conserved across sub-samples differing in their genomic ancestry background. Specifically, a signal of modularity based on functional demands and organization of the face is regularly observed across the whole sample. Our results shed more light on previous evidence obtained from Genome Wide Association Studies performed on the same samples, indicating the action of different genomic regions contributing to the expression of the nose and mouth facial phenotypes. Our results also indicate that large samples including phenotypic and genomic metadata enable a better understanding of the developmental and genetic architecture of craniofacial phenotypes. Fil: Quinto Sanchez, Mirsha Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Muñoz-Muñoz, Francesc. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Gomez-Valdes, Jorge. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; España Fil: Cintas, Celia. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia, Mexico; México Fil: Navarro, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentina Fil: Cerqueira, Caio Cesar Silva De. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Paschetta, Carolina Andrea. Equipe de Perícias Criminalísticas de Ourinhos; Fil: de Azevedo, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentina Fil: Ramallo, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentina Fil: Acuña-Alonzo, Victor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Adhikari, Kaustubh. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido Fil: Fuentes-Guajardo, MacArena. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia, Mexico; México Fil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido Fil: Everardo, Paola. Universidad de Tarapaca de Arica; Chile Fil: De Avila, Francisco. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido Fil: Jaramillo, Claudia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Arias, Williams. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia, Mexico; México Fil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Poletti, Giovani. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia, Mexico; México Fil: Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Bortolini, Maria Catira. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú Fil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú Fil: Rosique, Javier. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Ruiz-Linares, Andres. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: González José, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentina
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- 2018
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28. BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN BRAZIL: A PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW
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Verlan Valle Gaspar Neto
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Cultural Studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,Scientific field ,scientific field ,GN1-890 ,Professional activity ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sociology ,Social science ,060101 anthropology ,Brasil ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Biological anthropology ,antropologia brasileira ,biological anthropology ,06 humanities and the arts ,brazilian anthropology ,Urban Studies ,060105 history of science, technology & medicine ,Institutional affiliation ,antropologia biológica ,Anthropology ,campo científico ,Brazil - Abstract
The article reports the findings of a wide-ranging investigative study, designed to produce a ‘snapshot’ of Brazilian Biological Anthropology based on quantitative, qualitative, historical-documentary and bibliographic data. It includes excerpts from a series of interviews given by four Brazilian researchers who identify their area of work as Biological Anthropology, interspersed with other sources of information. These excerpts are organized into the following topics: (a) the peripheral status of Biological Anthropology within the wider field of anthropology in Brazil; (b) the relations between institutional affiliation and professional activity; and (c) the visibility of the area within the country and abroad. The aim is to provide a contribution, albeit preliminary, to a survey of the studies and discussions concerning the biological dimension of Anthropology in Brazil, in all its different aspects, especially the contemporary situation. O artigo traz a lume informações recolhidas a partir de um amplo estudo investigativo, o qual procurou delinear uma espécie de “instantâneo” da Antropologia Biológica brasileira a partir de dados quantitativos, qualitativos, histórico-documentais e bibliográficos. Nele estão dispostos excertos extraídos de uma série de quatro depoimentos concedidos por pesquisadores brasileiros, os quais consideram-se atuantes na área de Bioantropologia, entremeados por informações de outra natureza. Esses excertos encontram-se organizados em tópicos a saber: (a) o lugar periférico ocupado pela Bioantropologia no campo antropológico nacional; (b) as relações entre filiação institucional e exercício profissional; (c) a visibilidade da área dentro e fora do país. Espera-se, com isso, uma contribuição, ainda que inicial, para uma retomada dos estudos e discussões devotados à contraparte biológica da Antropologia no Brasil, nos seus mais diferentes aspectos, especialmente na contemporaneidade.
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- 2017
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29. As gentes de Ílhavo dos séculos XVIII e XIX: Estudo bioantropológico de uma série proveniente da Igreja de São Salvador de Ílhavo
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Camacho, Joana Cidade Medeiros, Cunha, Eugénia Maria Guedes Pinto Antunes da, and Cardoso, Francisca Alves
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Ílhavo ,Biological Anthropology ,Paleopatologia ,Paleopathology ,Death records ,Igreja de São Salvador ,São Salvador’s Church ,Registo de óbitos ,Antropologia Biológica - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado em Evolução e Biologia Humanas apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Esta investigação teve como principal objetivo caracterizar paleodemograficamentee paleopatologicamente uma pequena série osteológica composta por 13 indivíduos em inumação primária e 25 indivíduos em inumação secundária, totalizando assim um número mínimo de 38 indivíduos, 24 adultos e 14 não adultos. Estes indivíduos foram exumados do adro da igreja matriz de São Salvador em Ílhavo e terão falecido entre o século XVIII e meados do século XIX. Um objetivo secundário foi o estudo exploratório comparativo entre as causas de morte anotadas nos registos de óbito da freguesia de São Salvador entre 1795 e 1838 e os diagnósticos paleopatológicos aferidos nas inumações primárias. A diagnose sexual realizada em ambos os tipos de inumação revelou a presença dequatro homens e 12 peças ósseas masculinas, duas mulheres e 18 peças ósseas femininas e dois indivíduos e uma peça óssea em que não foi possível realizar este parâmetro. A classe etária adulta predominante é relativa a jovens adultos (+20 anos) e a não adulta os infantes e adolescentes (nascimento e + 12 anos). A análise patológica, para além de revelar a presença de cáries dentárias, desgastedentário, hipoplasias do esmalte dentário, lesões degenerativas articulares e não articulares, lesões traumáticas, indicadores de stress fisiológico também revelou a existência de um caso de desgaste dentário atípico possivelmente causado pelo uso de cachimbo, um possível caso de ausência congénita de dois segundos pré-molares inferiores e quatro casos de patologia infeciosa, um deles evidenciando lesões endocranianas (Serpens Endocrania Symmetrica). No estudo exploratório realizado nos registos de óbito analisaram-se 4176 óbitos,609 com causas de morte variadas, sendo as mais frequentemente registadas a cólera, malária e doenças pulmonares. Com esta informação foi possível comparar algumas destas causas de morte com os diagnósticos aferidos em quatro esqueletos afetados com lesão infeciosa. Além disso, todos os restantes resultados obtidos foram comparados com outros trabalhos, nomeadamente duas amostras lisboetas com a mesma cronologia. The main purpose of this investigation was to characterize paleodemographically andpaleopathologically a small osteological sample, composed by 13 individuals in primary burial and 25 individuals in secondary burial with a minimum of 38 individuals, 24 adults and 14 nonadults. These individuals were exhumed from the churchyard of São Salvador in Ílhavo and died between the eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. A secondary goal was a comparative and exploratory study of the causes of death recorded in the obituaries of São Salvador parish between 1795 and 1838 and the differential diagnosis achieved on the primary burial individuals.The sexual diagnosis was made in both types of burials and revealed the presence offour men and 12 typical male bones, two women and 18 typical female bones and two individuals and one bone in which it was not possible to achieve a diagnosis. The predominant adult age group was the young adults (+20 years) and in the nonadult infants and adolescents (birth and +12 years).Pathological analysis, in addition to revealing the presence of dental caries, dental wear, dental enamel hypoplasias, degenerative joint and non-articular lesions, traumatic lesions, physiological stress indicators also revealed the existence of one case of atypical tooth wear possibly caused by the use of a smoking pipe, one possible case of congenital absence of two inferior second premolars and four cases of infectious disease, one of them evidencing endocranial lesions (Serpens Endocrania Symmetrica). The exploratory study carried out on the obituaries analyzed 4176 death registers,609 with multiple causes of death, with the most frequent being cholera, malaria and pulmonary diseases. With this information, it was possible to compare some of these causes of death with the diagnosis made on four skeletons with lesions indicating an infectious disease. Furthermore, all the results obtained were compared with other works, namely two Lisbon samples with the same chronology as this study.
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- 2017
30. ESTUDIOS DE LOS DERMATOGLIFOS EN FUEGUINOS
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Hernández, Miguel
- Subjects
Biological anthropology ,Tierra del Fuego ,América ,dermatoglyphics ,America ,Antropología biológica ,dermatoglifos - Abstract
RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento sistemático de la antropología biológica de las etnias fueguinas se ha reunido la información existente sobre sus características dermatoglíficas. Han sido revisados tres trabajos que presentan los resultados individuales de 81 manos (14 yámana, 54 kawésqar y 13 selk’nam), y se ha creado una base de datos para compararlos con otras poblaciones de América. Los fueguinos se sitúan claramente entre las poblaciones indígenas americanas en el contexto de la variación mundial de los dermatoglifos, pero con un perfil propio diferenciado. ABSTRACT: In order to contribute to the systematic knowledge of the biological anthropology of the Fueguian ethnic groups, the existing information on their dermatoglyphic features has been assembled. Three papers showing the individual results of 81 hands (14 yámana, 54 kawésqar and 13 selk’nam) have been found, and a database has been created for comparisons with other populations of the Americas. From a global perspective on the dermatoglyphic variations, the peoples of Tierra del Fuego are clearly situated among the Native American populations, but have an own distinct profile.
- Published
- 2017
31. Current researches in Argentine biological anthropology
- Author
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Cesani Rossi, María Florencia, Sardi, Marina Laura, Colantonio, Sonia Edith, and Avena, Sergio Alejandro
- Subjects
lcsh:Physical anthropology. Somatology ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https] ,Antropología ,research ,lcsh:GN1-890 ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6.5 [https] ,Argentina ,lcsh:Anthropology ,biological anthropology ,lcsh:GN49-298 ,Antropología biológica ,Otras Humanidades ,antropología biológica ,HUMANIDADES ,investigación ,Investigación ,Ciencias Naturales - Abstract
Teniendo en cuenta que entre los objetivos de la Asociación de Antropología Biológica Argentina (AABA) figuran la difusión, la promoción y la transferencia de los estudios en Antropología Biológica, la Comisión Directiva 2012-2013 planteó la necesidad de disponer de un documento institucional que resumiera las principales líneas de investigación desarrolladas por sus miembros, a fin de contar con información actualizada factible de ser utilizada cuando se la requiriese. Fue así, que se solicitó a los socios responder un cuestionario que indagaba sobre las áreas temáticas de investigación y proyectos en curso. La información recabada fue analizada y organizada, definiéndose líneas de investigación. El documento que se presenta a continuación es el resultado de este trabajo que fue avalado por la totalidad de la Comisión Directiva y enviado a los socios de la AABA para su conocimiento y eventual utilización., In regard to the aims of the Asociación de Antropología Biológica Argentina (AABA) of diffusing and promoting bioanthropological studies, the 2012-2013 Executive Committee has created a document summarizing the main areas of research developed in Argentina. To this end, a survey was conducted enquiring the fellows of the AABA about lines of research and projects. The information gathered was analyzed and organized into a unique document, which was approved by all the members of the Executive Committee and then sent to the members of the AABA. This synthesis is expected to be a useful means to make the skills of biological anthropologists widely known., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 2013
32. Somatografías gitanas. Los gitanos y la biopolítica
- Author
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Berná Serna, David, Doctorado en Antropología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Cairo Carou, Heriberto, Cabezas González, Almudena, Mallo Gutiérrez, Tomás, Campo García, Esther del, Carpio Martín, José, Rodríguez Yunta, Luis, Cairo Carou, Heriberto, Cabezas González, Almudena, Mallo Gutiérrez, Tomás, Campo García, Esther del, and Carpio Martín, José
- Subjects
Human Body ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Cuerpo humano ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,Siglo XIX ,Ethnic identity ,Otherness ,Antropología biológica ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Biopolítica ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,Europe ,[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences ,Biological Anthropology ,Gitanos ,[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences ,Biopolitics ,nineteenth century ,Europa ,identidad étnica ,Alteridad ,Gypsies - Abstract
El artículo aborda la constitución durante el siglo XIX de la biopolítica en relación a los cuerpos gitanos y su importancia central en la constitución de Occidente, la modernidad y los Estados-nación en Europa.
- Published
- 2012
33. Craniofacial Anthropometry in a Young Nigerian Population: the Canthal Distances
- Author
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Jaja, Blessing N.R, Fawehinmi, Hakeem B, and Jack, Joy T
- Subjects
Distancia cantal ,Biological anthropology ,Craniofacial anthropometry ,Nigeria ,Antropometría craneofacial ,Antropología biológica ,Kalabari ,Canthal distance - Abstract
The measurement of craniofacial parameters have clinical, forensic and anthropologic significance. Local data on inner canthal and outer canthal distances and the canthal index may reveal the pattern of differential growth in craniofacial features resulting from factors such as sex, diet and genetic distinctions. In the present study, we provide normative data on canthal distances in a Nigerian population which has not been studied previously, utilizing a study design which optimises the effect of age and minimise bias and confounding than previous studies in Nigerian groups. The mean inner canthal distance was 1.85±0.30cm and 2.07±0.29cm (males vs. females, p= 0.000); mean outer canthal distance, 10.39±0.56cm and 10.40±0.98cm (males vs. female, p= 0.899). The results were found to be considerably lower than what has been reported among Nigerian groups. La medición de parámetros craneofaciales tiene importancia clínica, forense y antropológica. Los datos locales sobre la distancia cantal interna y cantal externa y el índice cantal puede revelar el patrón de crecimiento diferencial en las características craneofaciales como resultado de factores como el sexo, la dieta y las diferencias genéticas. En el presente estudio, se proporcionan datos normativos sobre la distancia cantal en una población de Nigeria que no ha sido estudiada previamente, utilizando un diseño de estudio que optimiza el efecto de la edad, como también minimiza el sesgo y la confusión de estudios anteriores en los grupos de Nigeria. La media de distancia cantal interna fue de 1,85±0,30cm y 2,07±0,29cm (hombres v/s mujeres, p = 0,000), mientras que la media de distancia cantal externa fue 10,39±0,56cm y 10,40±0,98cm (hombres v/s mujeres, p = 0,899). Los resultados de este estudio son considerablemente más bajos que lo que se han reportado previamente para los grupos nigerianos.
- Published
- 2011
34. Crânios, corpos e medidas: a constituição do acervo de instrumentos antropométricos do Museu Nacional na passagem do século XIX para o XX
- Author
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Sá, Guilherme José da Silva e, Santos, Ricardo Ventura, Rodrigues-Carvalho, Claudia, and Silva, Elizabeth Christina da
- Subjects
anthropometry ,história da antropologia ,antropologia biológica ,scientific instruments ,biological anthropology ,history of anthropology ,Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) ,antropometria ,instrumentos científicos - Abstract
Aborda o processo de constituição do acervo de instrumentos científicos do Setor de Antropologia Biológica (antiga Divisão de Antropologia Física) do Museu Nacional. Prioriza-se a análise da coleção de instrumentos de antropometria. Pensar o instrumental de medição antropométrica relacionando-o com as demais coleções do acervo de antropologia biológica e com a atuação dos pesquisadores do Museu Nacional, em seus respectivos contextos sociopolíticos e acadêmicos, oferece uma visão privilegiada do panorama científico na passagem do século XIX para o XX. Analyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional's Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institution's biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth.
- Published
- 2008
35. Investigaciones antropobiológicas en Argentina, desde la década de 1930 hasta la actualidad
- Author
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Carnese, Francisco R. and Pucciarelli, Héctor Mario
- Subjects
antropología biológica ,Antropología ,history of the discipline ,investigación ,Argentina ,biological anthropology ,historia de la disciplina - Abstract
La investigación bioantropológica en la Argentina fue muy activa tanto en la primera etapa, comienzos del siglo XVII a 1936, como en el período que va desde ese año hasta la actualidad. La primera etapa comienza con los monjes españoles de la época de la Conquista quienes se interesaron por la paleontología. Francisco Javier Muñiz realizó la primera actividad verdaderamente científica y también enseñó al joven Ameghino a excavar y reconocer piezas fósiles. Florentino Ameghino y sus dos hermanos -Carlos y Juan- contribuyeron al desarrollo de la paleontología en América. Otros investigadores destacados fueron: Moreno, Zeballos, Castellanos, Senet y Lehmann-Nitsche, entre otros. El segundo período contó con muchos investigadores en antropología biológica y otras ciencias afines, argentinos y europeos. En particular, hacia 1930 Marelli introdujo los cálculos estadísticos en Antropología y Fernando Pérez descubrió un nuevo sistema de orientación craneal. Posteriormente, Marcellino y Cocilovo introdujeron las primeras técnicas de análisis multivariado en el país, empleadas luego por la Antropología Biológica sudamericana. Estos hallazgos, sumados a la introducción de principios genéticos para interpretar movimientos migratorios, respuestas adaptativas bien diferenciadas y modelos estocásticos sobre asentamientos y migraciones humanas, cumplimentan los avances de la Antropología Biológica en la Argentina en los tiempos modernos. Este artículo intenta describir esa historia., Research in Argentine biological anthropology was very active in both the early period, from the early 18th century to 1936, and the one starting from that point to the present. The former period began with the Spanish monks who arrived during the Conquest and were interested in paleontology. Francisco Javier Muñiz did the first truly scientific activity and also taught young Florentino Ameghino to dig and recognize fossil pieces. Ameghino and his brothers -Carlos and Juan- contributed to the development of paleontology in the Americas. Other well-known researchers were: Moreno, Zeballos, Castellanos, Senet, and Lehmann-Nitsche, among others. The second period had many researchers in Physical Anthropology and several attached sciences, both Argentinian and European. In particular, around 1930 Marelli introduced the statistical calculus in anthropology and Fernando Pérez discovered a new cranial orientation system. Later, Marcellino and Cocilovo introduced the earliest techniques of multivariate analysis known in Argentina, employed for solving many South-American physical anthropological problems afterwards. These findings, along with the introduction of genetic principles for interpreting migratory movements and a number of well differentiated adaptive responses and stochastic models concerning man migration and settlements, fulfilled Argentina’s Physical Anthropology advances in modern times. This article attempts to describe that history., Sociedad Argentina de Antropología
- Published
- 2007
36. Análisis de las relaciones biológicas entre poblaciones del N.O. argentino por medio de caracteres métricos
- Author
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Varela, Héctor Hugo, Paschetta, Carolina A., and Cocilovo, José Alberto
- Subjects
Metric and nonmetric traits ,Antropología ,Parentesco ,Caracteres métricos y no métricos ,Biological anthropology ,Kinship ,Metrics ,Antropología biológica ,Noroeste argentino - Abstract
Se estudia la estructura de la población prehistórica del NOA a través del análisis de la variabilidad fenotípica a nivel regional. La muestra está constituida por 961 individuos deformados y no deformados artificialmente, de ambos sexos, de edades post-reproductivas, pertenecientes a cuatro subregiones (Puna, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Valliserrana y Selvas Occidentales). Se emplearon 35 caracteres métricos del neuro y esplacnocráneo. La variabilidad entre poblaciones se evaluó mediante el empleo de diferentes técnicas de análisis estadístico multivariado, tales como análisis discriminante, D2 de Mahalanobis, análisis de agrupamiento, y correlación entre matrices de distancias. Los resultados indican que las relaciones biológicas entre subregiones no cambian cuando son obtenidas con cráneos deformados artificialmente o con cráneos sin deformación. Además, se comprueba la existencia de dos conglomerados biológicos, uno integrado por Valliserrana y Selvas Occidentales y otro constituido por Puna y Quebrada de Humahuaca. Por último, se demuestra que este modelo es globalmente consistente con el obtenido a partir de caracteres discretos del cráneo., The structure of the prehistoric population of Northwest Argentina is studied through the analysis of the phenotypic variability at a regional scale. The sample includes 961 artificially deformed and not deformed individuals, of both sexes, of post-reproductive ages belonging to four subregions (Puna, Quebrada of Humahuaca, Valliserrana and Selvas Occidentales). Thirty-five craneometric traits were examined. The variability among populations was evaluated by different techniques of multivariate statistical analysis (discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis´ D2, cluster analysis, and correlation among matrix distances). Results show that the biological relationships among subregions do not change when they are obtained with deformed skulls or skulls without deformation. Additionally, the existence of two biological conglomerates is identified, the first one is conformed by Valliserrana and Selvas Occidentales and the second by Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca. We also show that this model is globally consistent with the one obtained from nonmetric cranial traits. Both components possibly shared the same ancestral group, probably of Andean origin, and then differed through the action of evolutionary factors (particularly mating systems, genetic drift, and gene flow)., Sociedad Argentina de Antropología
- Published
- 2004
37. El desarrollo y consolidación del paradigma experimental en Antropología Biológica
- Author
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Scarano, Eduardo R.
- Subjects
Biological Anthropology ,Methodology of Social Sciences ,Antropología ,Experimental Method ,Anthropology ,History of Sciences ,Antropología Biológica ,Historia de las Ciencias ,Método experimental ,Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales - Abstract
The experimental method is criticized and usually left behind in social sciences due to different reasons. Anyway, when resolving certain problems is treated, some biological anthropology researchers -Washbum and Pucciarelli initially- have recurred to the experimental method. This methodological changement a rupture in the discipline. From a epistemological perspective this arguments are very significant because they answer the mentioned objections against the use of the experimental method in the anthropology domain and social sciences. This is also very important in history of sciences, as much for the consolidation of the experimental conception in the biological anthropology as for the establishment, inside of that community in Argentina, of a new investigation strategy whit the following episodes of changes in this scientific community. El método experimental es criticado y usualmente dejado de lado en las ciencias sociales por distintas razones. Sin embargo, al intentar resolver ciertos problemas algunos investigadores de Antropología Biológica -inicialmente Washburn y Pucciarelli recurrieron al método experimental. Este cambio metodológico significo una ruptura en la disciplina. Desde una perspectiva epistemológica esos planteos son muy significativos pues contestan las objeciones mencionadas contra la utilización del método experimental en el ámbito de la antropología y de las ciencias sociales. También es muy importante en la historia de la ciencia, tanto por la consolidación de la concepción experimental en la Antropología Biológica como por el establecimiento, dentro de esa comunidad en Argentina, de una nueva estrategia de investigación con los consiguientes episodios de cambios en esta comunidad científica. Fil: Scarano, Eduardo R. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Para acceder al artículo utilice el link: http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/runa/article/view/1261
- Published
- 2003
38. The development and consolidation of the experimental paradigm in biological anthropology
- Author
-
Scarano, Eduardo Rubén
- Subjects
Antropología ,Methodology of Social Sciences ,Historia de las ciencias ,Biological anthropology ,Antropología biológica ,Método experimental ,Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales ,Experimental method ,History of sciences - Abstract
El método experimental es criticado y usualmente dejado de lado en las ciencias sociales por distintas razones. Sin embargo, al intentar resolver ciertos problemas algunos investigadores de Antropología Biológica -inicialmente Washburn y Pucciarelli- recurrieron al método experimental. Este cambio metodológico significó una ruptura en la disciplina. Desde una perspectiva epistemológica esos planteos son muy significativos pues contestan las objeciones mencionadas contra la utilización del método experimental en el ámbito de la antropología y de las ciencias sociales. También es muy importante en la historia de la ciencia, tanto por la consolidación de la concepción experimental en la Antropología Biológica como por el establecimiento, dentro de esa comunidad en Argentina, de una nueva estrategia de investigación con los consiguientes episodios de cambios en esta comunidad científica., The experimental method is criticized and usually left behind in social sciences due to different reasons. Anyway, when resolving certain problems is treated, some biological anthropology researchers -Washbum and Pucciarelli initially- have recurred to the experimental method. This methodological change ment a rupture in the discipline. From a epistemological perspective this arguments are very significant because they answer the mentioned objections against the use of the experimental method in the anthropology domain and social sciences. This is also very important in history of sciences, as much for the consolidation of the experimental conception in the biological anthropology as for the establishment, inside of that community in Argentina, of a new investigation strategy whit the following epispdes of changes in this scientific community., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 2003
39. Composición Corporal en una población de estudiantes universitarios
- Author
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Arechabaleta, G, Castillo, H, Herrera, H, and Pacheco, M
- Subjects
Morphology ,Antropometría ,Anthropometry ,Health ,Biological anthropology ,Morfología ,Salud ,Antropología biológica - Abstract
Se presentan los resultados parciales de un estudio que examinó la asociación entre los índices de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa, área muscular, de contextura y cintura/cadera con el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas degenerativas en población joven universitaria. Los datos fueron obtenidos de una investigación de corte transversal diseñada para evaluar morfológica y nutricionalmente estudiantes universitarios que reciben ayuda en calidad de becas de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. La población estuvo constituida por 442 adultos jóvenes, (103 hombres y 339 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 28 años. El análisis reveló una relación positiva entre el IMC y los otros índices, encontrándose una correlación alta para las mujeres y media para los hombres con el porcentaje de grasa y con el área muscular. Se observó un marcado dimorfismo sexual en los indicadores de área muscular y cintura/ cadera con predominio del sexo masculino, presentando las hembras un mayor porcentaje de grasa, siendo bajo y moderado el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas degenerativas en la población joven universitaria. Se aprecia que los índices antropométricos pueden ser una herramienta útil en el diagnóstico del riesgo, poniendo de manifiesto la importancia de la antropología biológica en el campo de la salud. Partial results are presented of a study about the relationship between body mass index, frame index 2 (contexture), percent of fat tissue, arm muscle area, waist/hip ratio, and risk of chronical degenerative diseases. Data was obtained from a cross-sectional morphological and nutritional research done on university students with scholarships at the Central University of Venezuela. The population sample included 442 young adults (103 males and 339 females), aged 18 to 28. The analysis revealed a positive relationship between the BMI and the other indexes. The degree of correlation between both, BMI and percent of fat, and BMI and arm muscle area, was high for women and moderate for males. Sexual dimorphism in the arm muscle area and waist-hip ratio showed higher values in males than in females, whereas women presented higher percent of fat tissue. Risk of chronical degenerative disease was low and moderate in this population. These findings indicate that anthropometric indexes are a useful tool in risk diagnosis. They also emphasize the significance of the biological anthropology in the health field.
- Published
- 2002
40. Las razas, una ilusión deletérea
- Author
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Pedro Gómez García
- Subjects
Raza-Concepto falso ,Race ,Race-False concept ,Ethnocentrism ,Racism ,Biological anthropology ,Anthropology ,Philosophy ,Raza ,Antropología biológica ,Racismo ,Etnocentrismo ,Humanities - Abstract
¿Tiene el racismo fundamentos científicos? ¿Es siquiera la «raza» un concepto científico? Hallar una respuesta clara a un tema vulgarmente tan controvertido y confuso cobra importancia cuando no faltan quienes siguen invocando pretendidos argumentos racistas para descargar fobias internas y externas. No todo rechazo de lo extraño supone racismo, y es algo que conviene pensar para averiguar las causas reales y para respetar el legítimo derecho a preservar la propia identidad cultural. Pero, por la misma razón, interesa clarificar el problema. Este artículo revisa los avances de la genética de poblaciones, que arrumbaron las tipologías raciales de la antigua antropología física, sustituyéndolas por la noción de «población» con una dosificación genética variable. Luego, tocan las relaciones entre raza y cultura, que llegan a invertir la hipótesis racista. Por último, ampliando el panorama, considera el prejuicio racista como un caso particular de etnocentrismo y de antropocentrismo., Does racism have a scientific foundation? Is «race» even a scientific concept? It is important to find a clear answer to such a commonly controversial and confused topic, especially as we continue to invoke racist arguments to feed our internal and external phobias. Not all rejection of the stranger implies racism. Thus it is necessary to find out the real causes of racism, and to respect the legitimate right of the preservation of one´s own cultural identity. But, for the same reason, it is interesting to clarify the problem. This text reviews the achievements of the study of population genetics while rejecting the idea of racial typing as determined by the old physical anthropology. The current concept is «population», which involves variable genetic characteristics. The article shows that the relationship between race and culture ends up inverting the racist hypothesis. Lastly, enlarging the panorama, it considers racist prejudice as a particular case of ethnocentrism and anthropocentrism., Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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41. Relevamiento antropológico de una india Yagán
- Author
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Lehmann-Nitsche, Roberto
- Subjects
ANTROPOLOGIA ,Anthropometry ,Antropometría ,Biological anthropology ,Argentina ,Ciencias Naturales ,Tierra del Fuego ,Yaganes ,Antropología biológica - Abstract
Revisando mis apuntes antropológicos encontré las observaciones que hiciera, ha tiempo en 1902, sobre una india Yagan, perteneciente á la tribu indígena que fué estudiada tan detenidamente por la Mission scientifique du cap Horn, y que representa, por la primitividad de su cultura, una reliquia de los grupos étnicos más inferiores. En el año indicado hice un viaje á la Tierra del Fuego y me detuve algún tiempo en la comisaría de Río Grande, situada en el Este de la isla y en las inmediaciones de la misión Salesiana del mismo nombre. Á unas leguas de la comisaría, tierra adentro, cerca de un pequeño río llamado «del Fuego», las autoridades argentinas tenían establecido un destacamento de policía, compuesto de un sargento y algunos soldados. Vivían esta gente en la manera rústica que resultaba del alejamiento completo de un centro de civilización; dos, tres chozas hechas de los troncos del fago; una carpa, caballos, perros y algunas mujeres, he ahí los rasgos característicos del destacamento. De las cinco mujeres, compañeras de aquellos gendarmes, cuatro eran Onas y una Yagan como pude comprobar por un breve examen lingüístico; la última por la pequeñez de la talla, y la esbeltez del cuerpo, se distinguía á simple vista de sus compañeras robustas y gordas. Todas ellas, sin duda, habían sido arrebatadas á sus antiguos dueños, los Onas, en una de las sangrientas luchas con que los avances de la llamada civilización blanca siguen manchando sus pretendidas tendencias de progreso. Que una india Yagan se halle entre los Onas, es cosa relatada con cierta frecuencia por los viajeros; dicen que los Onas del sur aprovechan la oportunidad de conseguir por el rapto mujeres de la tribu Yagan que antes habitaba la costa alrededor del canal de Beagle. Parece inútil publicar el relevamiento antropológico de un solo individuo y ante todo del representante de una tribu detenidamente estudiada, como los Yagan por la Mission scientifique du cap Horn; pero observamos que el presente relevamiento, probablemente será el último, pues de los Yagan, como he podido convencerme, apenas deben existir todavía cincuenta individuos., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 1916
42. Las proporciones de los esqueletos infantiles procedentes de urnas funerarias de La Rioja (Argentina)
- Author
-
Lehmann-Nitsche, Robert
- Subjects
ANTROPOLOGIA ,Antropometría ,Biological anthropology ,Restos humanos ,Argentina ,Ciencias Naturales ,Human remains Anthropometry ,La Rioja ,Antropología biológica - Abstract
Durante una exploración arqueológica, efectuada en el año de 1914 en la provincia de La Rioja, el señor Eric Boman se preocupó especialmente de salvar el contenido de las urnas funerarias en las cuales fueron depositados los niños de la población autóctona. La descripción de aquella alfarería y de todos los detalles respecto del carácter de esos enterratorios, será publicada por el mismo señor Boman; debo anticipar que la edad de los esqueletos infantiles, fue determinada por el conocido odontólogo doctor Alejandro Cabanne, según la dentadura, la mejor base, parece, cuando se trata del material osteológico de una raza cuyos cambios somáticos durante el crecimiento son aún completamente desconocidos. Tomando en consideración este punto de vista, he aceptado el amable ofrecimiento del señor Boman, de estudiar también por mi parte los residuos óseos contenidos en las urnas funerarias por él excavadas; estaban, como puede imaginarse, mal conservados, me limité por consiguiente a algunas mediciones de los huesos largos, aunque el material, guardado en las colecciones del Museo nacional de historia natural de Buenos Aires, pueda contribuir, en un día, para hacer conocer uno u otro detalle de la osteología comparativa de la raza americana., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 1921
43. Relevamiento antropológico de tres indios tehuelches
- Author
-
Lehmann-Nitsche, Roberto
- Subjects
Tehuelches ,Anthropometry ,Antropometría ,Biological anthropology ,Argentina ,Patagonia ,Ciencias Naturales ,Antropología biológica - Abstract
En el mes de febrero de 1905, se detuvieron en La Plata, algún tiempo, unos indios Tehuelche que á la vuelta de la Exposición internacional de San Luis, regresaban á su patria, las comarcas del Río Santa Cruz en Patagonia. Componían la troupe un matrimonio anciano y tres hombres jóvenes, Casimiro, Bonifacio y Colojo. Todos vestían á la gaucho-europea y los diarios relataron sus proezas de domadores y enlazadores, demostradas en un gran torneo pan-indio-americano que fue preparado para aquella exhibición universal. De todos modos, la reunión de tantos representantes de diferentes razas fue aprovechada para un examen comparativo de sus capacidades acústicas y en el minucioso estudio nuestros Tehuelches han alcanzado altas clasificaciones., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 1916
44. Deformaciones intencionales del cráneo en Sud América : Parte III: Estudios de morfología exacta
- Author
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Imbelloni, José
- Subjects
Anthropometry ,Antropometría ,Biological anthropology ,Cráneo ,Skull ,América del Sur ,Ciencias Naturales ,South America ,Antropología biológica ,Deformaciones ,Deformations - Abstract
La presente memoria se propone la descripción y clasificación de las deformaciones craneanas más comunes en Sud América, pero al mismo tiempo, como reza el subtítulo, forma parte de una investigación sobre los polígonos craneanos aberrantes. Las dos finalidades se han conseguido mediante el estudio de la sección sagital mediana, Norma mediana Lissauerii., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 1924
45. La complicación y sinostosis de las suturas del cráneo cerebral de los primitivos habitantes de la República Argentina
- Author
-
Marelli, Carlos A.
- Subjects
Synostosis ,Biological anthropology ,Cráneo ,Skull ,Argentina ,Ciencias Naturales ,Sinostosis ,Antropología biológica - Abstract
Durante el curso de antropología dictado interinamente por el señor profesor Félix F. Outes en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, abordamos por primera vez estas investigaciones, al preparar la monografía-examen en septiembre del año próximo pasado, la que versó sobre el asunto que ahora tratamos. En ella aplicamos, con éxito, el método que habíamos resuelto observar; y sal vadas las primeras dificultades, explicables por cierto, resolvimos —para que nos sirviera de ensayo— continuarlas durante las vacaciones, ampliando, así, el estudio de las interesantes particularidades de anato mía humana tratadas en esta memoria, y utilizando las ricas colecciones osteológicas que se conservan en el Museo de La Plata. En los diferentes estudios publicados sobre asuntos de antropología física americana, se hace caso omiso de las sinartrosis del cráneo cerebral y facial, no obstante su gran importancia para la morfología étnica. El mismo Ribbe, en su obra clásica sobre las suturas, no ha examinado la complicación y la sinostosis de una gran parte de grupos étnicos sudamericanos; sólo fueron estudiados algunos indígenas colombianos, brasileños y peruanos. Desde luego, las grandes agrupaciones étnicas que poblaron en otro tiempo á la República Argentina y países vecinos, y cuyos descendientes mestizados ó puros se conservan aun, no son consideradas en ese amplio trabajo., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 1909
46. Apuntes sobre antropometría de cuatro naturales del noroeste argentino
- Author
-
Bruch, Carlos
- Subjects
Northwest ,Noroeste ,Anthropometry ,Antropometría ,Biological anthropology ,Argentina ,Ciencias Naturales ,Antropología biológica - Abstract
Durante el verano de 1908 y con motivo del viaje que realicé á la región andina de la República por encargo del Museo de La Plata, tuve ocasión de examinar en Amaicha, Quilmes y Fuerte Quemado, cuatro individuos nacidos en esas localidades, vale decir, otros tantos representantes típicos, á mi modo de ver, de los actuales habitantes mestizados de la región. Dada la carencia de estudios antropométricos sobre los naturales de aquella parte de la República y la importancia que revisten las observaciones de este género por limitadas que sean, me he decidido á presentar los resultados obtenidos. Mis estudios sobre el terreno los he realizado con el instrumental de Martin y las tablas cromáticas de von Luschan y de aquel antropólogo. Para el índice cefálico empleo la clasificación y nomenclatura quinaria de Topinard sin conversión; para el facial total he adoptado las designaciones y agrupaciones de Weissenberg; y las quinarias de Collignon para el índice nasal. En las líneas que siguen he reunido, en forma de breve diagnosis, las particularidades morfológicas más importantes de cada uno de los sujetos observados., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 1911
47. Crânios, corpos e medidas: a constituição do acervo de instrumentos antropométricos do Museu Nacional na passagem do século XIX para o XX
- Author
-
Guilherme José da Silva e Sá, Claudia Rodrigues-Carvalho, Elizabeth Christina da Silva, and Ricardo Ventura Santos
- Subjects
Antropologia - história ,Scientific instrument ,Antropologia física ,Anthropology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biological anthropology ,General Medicine ,Museu Nacional (Brasil) ,instrumentos científicos ,History and Philosophy of Science ,história da antropologia ,antropologia biológica ,Instrumentos e aparelhos científicos ,Institution ,Sociology ,Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) ,media_common ,antropometria - Abstract
Aborda o processo de constituição do acervo de instrumentos científicos do Setor de Antropologia Biológica (antiga Divisão de Antropologia Física) do Museu Nacional. Prioriza-se a análise da coleção de instrumentos de antropometria. Pensar o instrumental de medição antropométrica relacionando-o com as demais coleções do acervo de antropologia biológica e com a atuação dos pesquisadores do Museu Nacional, em seus respectivos contextos sociopolíticos e acadêmicos, oferece uma visão privilegiada do panorama científico na passagem do século XIX para o XX. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Analyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional’s Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institution’s biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth.
48. As gentes de Ílhavo dos séculos XVIII e XIX: Estudo bioantropológico de uma série proveniente da Igreja de São Salvador de Ílhavo
- Author
-
Camacho, Joana Cidade Medeiros, Cunha, Eugénia Maria Guedes Pinto Antunes da, and Cardoso, Francisca Alves
- Subjects
Ílhavo ,Biological Anthropology ,Paleopatologia ,Paleopathology ,Death records ,Igreja de São Salvador ,São Salvador’s Church ,Registo de óbitos ,Antropologia Biológica
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