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Byline: U. Sirin and M. Okuroglu Keywords: calf stable, natural ventilation, underground piped natural ventilation, temperature, relative humidity INTRODUCTION It is likely with the creation of enough ventilation in animal [...]

Pre-harvest soybean seeds in the field are susceptible to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress, leading to pre-harvest seed deterioration, which will result in a reduction in grain quality, yield, and seed vigor. To understand the gene expression involved in seed deterioration response under HTH stress, in this study, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis using two previously screened soybean cultivars with contrasting seed deterioration resistance. HTH stress induced 1081 and 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the sensitive cultivar Ningzhen No. 1 and resistant cultivar Xiangdou No. 3, respectively. The majority of DEGs in the resistant cultivar were up-regulated, while down-regulated DEGs were predominant in the sensitive cultivar. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were the predominant pathways in both cultivars during seed deterioration under HTH stress. The genes involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and heat shock proteins pathways might contribute to the different response to seed deterioration under HTH treatment in the two soybean cultivars. Our study extends the knowledge of gene expression in soybean seed under HTH stress and further provides insight into the molecular mechanism of seed deterioration as well as new strategies for breeding soybean with improved seed deterioration resistance. Key words: soybean, high temperature and humidity, RNA-Seq, pre-harvest seed deterioration. Avant la recolte, les graines de soja au champ sont sensibles a un stress cause par une temperature et une humidite elevees (HTH), ce qui peut entrainer une deterioration des grains en pre-recolte, laquelle diminue la qualite des grains, le rendement et la vigueur des graines. Pour comprendre les profils d'expression genique associes a cette deterioration en reponse au stress HTH, les auteurs ont realise une etude RNA-Seq sur deux cultivars prealablement identifies comme presentant une resistance contrastee a cette deterioration. Le stress HTH a permis d'identifier, respectivement, 1081 et 357 genes a expression differentielle (DEG) chez le cultivar sensible Ningzhen No. 1 et le cultivar resistant Xiangdou No. 3. La majorite des DEG chez le cultivar resistant etaient exprimes a la hausse, tandis que les genes moins fortement exprimes etaient predominants chez le cultivar sensible. Une analyse des sentiers KEGG a revele que les 'sentiers metaboliques', la 'biosynthese des metabolites secondaires' et la 'maturation des proteines dans le reticulum endoplasmique' etaient les sentiers predominants touches lors de la deterioration des graines soumis a un stress HTH. Les genes impliques dans la photosynthese, le metabolisme des hydrates de carbone, le metabolisme des lipides et les proteines de choc thermique pourraient contribuer a la reponse differente observee entre les deux cultivars soumis a un traitement de stress HTH. Cette etude accroit les connaissances sur l'expression genique chez les graines de soja en reponse au stress HTH et fournit un eclairage sur le mecanisme moleculaire de la deterioration des graines ainsi que sur de nouvelles strategies pour selectionner des sojas dotes d'une meilleure resistance a la deterioration des graines. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : soja, temperature et humidite elevees, RNA-Seq, deterioration des graines en pre-recolte., Introduction Soybean seeds provide major sources of oil and protein globally for human consumption and animal feed (Saha and Sultana 2008). Seed quality is determined by its composition of protein, [...]

Byline: A. Cayli and A.N. Baytorun Key words: Greenhouses, Vapor pressure deficit, VPD, Greenhouse heating, Greenhouse climate INTRODUCTION Greenhouses are a controlled-environment agricultural structure, where high quality and high yield [...]

The seasonal pattern of terpene content and emission by seven Mediterranean woody species was studied under field conditions. Emission rates were normalized at 30 degrees C and 1000 (mu)mol*m(super -2)*s(super -1) PFD (photosynthetic photon flux density). Bupleurum fruticosum, Pinus halepensis, and Cistus albidus stored large amounts of terpenes (0.01-1.77% [dry matter]) with maximum values in autumn and minimum values in spring. They emitted large amounts of terpenes (2-40 (mu)g*g DM(super -1*h(super -1), but with no clear seasonal trend except for Cistus albidus, which had maximum values in spring and minimum values in autumn. The nonstoring species Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Quercus coccifera and Quercus ilex also emitted large amounts of terpenes (0-40 (mu)g*g DM(super -1)*h(super -1) and also tended to present maximum emission rates in spring, although this trend was significant only for A. unedo. At the seasonal scale, emission rates did not follow changes in photosynthetic rates; instead, they mostly followed changes in temperature. From autumn to spring, the least volatile monoterpenes such as limonene were emitted at highest rates, whereas the most volatile monoterpenes such as (alpha)-pinene and (beta)-pinene were the most emitted in summer. The monoterpene emission rates represented a greater percentage of the photosynthetic carbon fixation in summer (from 0.51% in Arbutus unedo to 5.64% in Quercus coccifera) than in the rest of the seasons. All these seasonality trends must be considered when inventorying and modeling annual emission rates in Mediterranean ecosystems. Key words: (alpha)-pinene; limonene; Mediterranean woody species; photosynthetic rate; relative humidity; seasonality; temperature; terpene emission and storage; volatility.

The physiological effects of emersion of high or low level of humidity on Nephrops norvegicus were evaluated using seawater-soaked hessian with periodical flushes of seawater (high humidity, HH) or unprotected emersion (low humidity, LH). The quantitative measurements of haemolymph constituents such as ammonia, glucose and lactate as well as the assessment of respiratory conditions revealed that N. norvegicus can cope with emersion and that high humidity conditions have little effect on such adaptation to physiological stress.

Relative humidity, ranging from 65% to 90%, induces the proliferation of colonies of fungi such as Aspergillus versicolor on fiberglass duct liners and fiberglass duct boards. Unused fiberglass placed in environmental chambers at relative humidity is also colonized by fungal population. No fungal growth is evident at relative humidities less than 50%.

The efficacy of heat and moisture for decontaminating surfaces are evaluated to control and prevent the spread of influenza virus infection. Modest amounts of heat and adequate moisture are observed to provide effective disinfection of surfaces while not harming surfaces, electrical systems or mechanical components.