102 results on '"Tratamiento biológico"'
Search Results
2. MICROALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA IN THE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS.
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Diaz Parra, Karen Lizette, Contreras Hernández, María Gorety, Ayala García, Víctor Manuel, Hernández Melchor, Dulce Jazmín, and de Jesús Martínez Roldán, Alfredo
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WATER purification ,WASTEWATER treatment ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,WATER supply ,PHOTOBIOREACTORS ,ODORS - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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3. FR - OX40: una diana terapéutica prometedora en la dermatitis atópica moderada-grave
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Zulaika-Lloret, M., Rodriguez-Troncoso, M., and Ruiz-Villaverde, R.
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- 2024
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4. EFICIENCIA DE UN TRATAMIENTO AERÓBICO PARA LA REMOCIÓN DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA EN EFLUENTES DE ORIGEN TEXTIL USANDO REACTORES BIOLÓGICOS.
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Carrasquero Ferrer, Sedolfo Jose, Guerra Núñez, Datsi Gabriela, Hernández González, Gustavo Adolfo, and León Piñango, Luis José
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INDUSTRIAL wastes ,ORGANIC compounds ,ORGANIC compounds removal (Sewage purification) ,TEXTILES ,BODIES of water ,WATER purification ,COLOR removal (Sewage purification) ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,ENTRANCES & exits ,SMALL business - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Visualization and Control System for a Wastewater Laboratory Plant with Biological Treatment.
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Fernando Ramírez-Jiménez, Diego, Andrea Bedoya-Benítez, Paula, and Munoz-Gutierrez, Pablo A.
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CLOSED loop systems ,REAL-time control ,WATER purification ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,TEMPERATURE control - Abstract
Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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6. Una revisión sobre el tratamiento para lixiviados de rellenos sanitarios mediante el acople de procesos avanzados de oxidación y biológicos.
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Becerra-Moreno, Dorance, Rubio-Gomez, Yrany M., Barajas-Solano, Andrés F., Ramírez Ríos, Luisa F., and Machuca-Martínez, Fiderman
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HAZARDOUS wastes , *LEACHATE , *LANDFILLS , *LIQUID waste , *BIODIVERSITY , *PHOTOCATALYSIS , *OZONE - Abstract
The treatment of landfill leachate requires processes that efficiently remove the different contaminants present in this type of liquid waste. To treat this type of waste, a great diversity of biological processes has been used, which take advantage of the capacity to transform the different components of the liquid medium into biomass; however, these processes have limitations due to the intrinsic characteristics of the leachate. In recent years, the integration of biological processes with Advanced Oxidation Processes has been promoted, which would significantly reduce the toxic characteristics of these wastes to comply with the legal conditions to be discharged into the environment without causing damage. In this work, the authors present a review (2015 to 2021) concerning the biological treatment, and Advanced Oxidation Processes (based on ozone, electrochemical processes, and photocatalysis). These processes are analyzed in combination to describe the optimal conditions under which pollutant loads of landfill leachate are reduced. Finally, it is possible to identify that the treatment processes under study are technologies that can be coupled, registering higher efficiencies and lower generation of waste by-products or sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Kinetic modeling of Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in pig waste: effect of solar irradiation.
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González-Muñoz, Niela, Gines Alfaro-Vives, Orlando, Crespo-Sariol, Harold, Miguel Casañ-González, Luis, and María Pérez-Silva, Rosa
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CHLORELLA vulgaris , *SWINE farms , *IRRADIATION , *SOLAR radiation , *SUBSTRATES (Materials science) , *MODEL validation , *SWINE - Abstract
There is an exponential increase in hog farms around the world to meet the increasing demand for protein, resulting in a significant amount of hog wastewater. Within the biological treatments, to address this problem, the cultivation of microalgae has gained importance in recent years, since its growth requires low-cost substrates and can be effective for obtaining compounds with high added value. The objective of this work is to obtain a kinetic model of a mixotrophic culture of Chlorella vulgaris in open-air pig waste that considers the effect of solar irradiation. As a result of the investigation, a kinetic model is obtained to describe the symbiotic growth of the microalgae and the Chlorella vulgaris bacterium in an open-air culture system that uses pig waste as the only source of carbon and nutrients. The model obtained makes it possible to predict the maximum concentrations of the mixed biomass considering the effect of accumulated solar radiation during the day. The optimum value of solar irradiation is 5209 W/m² h, at which 11 gl-1 of biomass are obtained. The validation of the model showed a 99,2% correlation between the observations and the predictions for variable solar irradiation conditions, indicating a good performance in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
8. Calidad de abono orgánico obtenido a través de vermicomposteo de lodos residuales con lombriz (Eisenia foetida).
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Apaza Gomez, Yuly Mercedes, Salas Sucaticona, Reynaldo, and Mamani Navarro, Wile
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SEWAGE sludge , *ORGANIC fertilizers , *SEWAGE sludge digestion , *VERMICOMPOSTING , *SEWAGE disposal plants , *BIOLOGICAL nutrient removal , *SLUDGE composting , *EISENIA foetida , *SEWAGE lagoons , *SLUDGE worms , *EARTHWORMS - Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of organic fertilizer obtained through vermicomposting with earthworms (Eisenia foetida Sav.) in sludge from stabilization ponds in the city of Juliaca. Thirty-one samples were randomly collected in each of the eight lagoons, divided into nine experimental units and three groups with three random replicates, T1 (sludge + manure + earthworm), T2 (sludge + earthworm) and T3 (sludge). Consecutively, biomass, number of worms, and color were analyzed as indicators of transformation of sludge into compost, on a monthly basis for 3 months. In T1 the biomass increased in the three months, while in T2 a slight gain was shown. Regarding the number of worms, T1 doubled the initial amount and T2 showed mortality in the first month, but in the last month it reached 130. The color in T1 was the only one that reached the 10YR 2/1 shade, followed by T2. In addition, the percentage of pathogen removal and macronutrient content were estimated after 3 months. In this sense, pathogens reported significant differences in the percentage of removal for each treatment, with T1 being the best treatment, followed by T2 and T3: In the macronutrient content, significant differences were also observed between treatments, where T1 presented higher concentration in nitrogen, potassium and calcium as opposed to T2 and T3. In the case of phosphorus, T2 presented a higher percentage. It was demonstrated that earthworms in this type of sludge accelerate the removal of pathogenic agents improving its quality, turning it into a quality organic fertilizer due to the improvement in the content of microbiological agents, increase in macronutrients and positive adaptation of the earthworms. This is beneficial for the use of the sludge for gardening, tall stem crops and reforestation as recommended in regulations for the reuse of sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
9. La sedimentación secundaria en los tratamientos biológNAicTUoRAs LES de aguas residuales.
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Menéndez Gutiérrez, Carlos
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WASTEWATER treatment , *SEDIMENTATION & deposition , *BIOLOGICAL nutrient removal , *WATER purification , *SEWAGE purification , *SLUDGE bulking - Abstract
In conventional biological wastewater treatments, biological and physical processes co-exist, one as important as the other, on which the purification efficiency depends. Among the latter secondary sedimentation can be mentioned. Malfunctioning of settlers, whatever be the cause, can have a significant impact on the expected efficiency of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
10. MIA 2021, Comprehensive Asthma Management Guidelines for Mexico.
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Larenas-Linnemann, Désireeé, Salas-Hernández, Jorge, Del Río-Navarro, Blanca E., Luna-Pech, Jorge A., Navarrete-Rodríguez, Elsy Maureen, Gochicoa, Laura, Cano-Salas, María del Carmen, García-Ramírez, Ulises Noel, López-Estrada, Erika del Carmen, Ortega-Martell, José Antonio, Aguilar-Aranda, Ambrosio, Caretta-Barradas, Sergio, Bedolla-Barajas, Martín, Camargo, Robert, Cuevas-Schacht, Francisco J., Fernández-Vega, Margarita, García-Bolaños, Carlos, Garrido-Galindo, Claudia, Jiménez-Chobillón, Alejandro, and Juárez-Ortiz, Carlos
- Abstract
Background: Asthma continues to be one of the most frequent chronic respiratory diseases in our country. New methods for diagnosis and treatment have been described; accordingly, the international guidelines were renewed. Objective: To create a national platform for the development of updated guidelines, solidly based on evidence: Comprehensive Asthma Management (Spanish acronym: MIA). Methods: MIA uses the ADAPTE method. The MIA development group consists of experts in pulmonology-allergology-methodology and representatives of 13 institutions and societies of specialties that manage asthma. The international reference guidelines (selected with AGREE-II): GINA 2020, GEMA 5.0, BTS/SIGN 2019 and ATS/ERS consensus document 2014-2019 on severe asthma. MIA covers suspected asthma, diagnosis, treatment, and special groups. Key clinical questions were formulated on treatment steps 1-3, biomarkers and severe asthma. Results: Based on evidence, safety, cost and local reality, the core group developed responses. Through a Delphi process the broad MIA development group suggested adjustments until consensus was reached. Conclusion: A document was generated with multiple figures and algorithms, solidly based on evidence about asthma management, adjusted for Mexico with a broad base among different societies that participated in its development. It does not include guidelines for acute asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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11. Evaluación de un sistema a escala laboratorio, de un filtro de macrófitas en flotación como tratamiento de aguas residuales de un autolavado.
- Author
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Garavito Bermúdez, Geraldine Isabel, Ospina Romero, Laura Vanessa, and Ospina Mora, Diana Carolina
- Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the removal of organic matter and solids from a filter system that uses macrophytes in flotation on a laboratory scale, using water from a car wash. Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Water Lentil (Lemna minor) were used, and the BOD5, COD, OSS and SS concentrations were monitored for one month in the system's effluent. In relation to the reduction of the parameters analyzed using Water Hyacinth, there was a maximum of 91.11% removal of BOD5 and 97.32% removal of COD. In the case of the Water Lentil, 97% removal of BOD5 and 83.67% for COD was obtained. Finally, the system demonstrated optimum performance and removal efficiencies greater than 44.4% in terms of organic matter, sedimentable and suspended solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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12. Evaluation of aerated lagoon modified with spongy support medium treating Kraft pulp mill effluent.
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Peitz, Camila and Xavier, Claudia Regina
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SULFATE pulping process , *PULP mills , *BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand , *LAGOONS , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand , *PHENOLS - Abstract
The pulp industry generates high effluent flows, which contain high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), colour and ecotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment of Kraft pulp effluent by aerated lagoon modified with sponge support media (APG). It was assessed the arrangement of the support media in the aerated lagoons in the organic load rate (OLR) of 0.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1, and after that, with OLR variation from 0.2 to 1.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1. The parameters evaluated were BOD5, COD, colour, lignin derivatives, total phenolic compounds and acute ecotoxicity in D. magna. COD and BOD5 removals were 32% and 88%, respectively, for free and confined support media in 0.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1. There was no colour or total phenolic compounds removal under these conditions. Considering the treatment in which there was a variation of the organic load rate, 1.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1 had the best performance. In this case, 50% and 75% of COD and BOD5 were removed, respectively. Removal of colour, total phenolic compounds and lignin derivatives were around 20%, 18% and 10%, respectively. The acute ecotoxicity was reduced to toxicity factor equal to 1 in all treatments. Comparing the aerated lagoon modified systems with those without the APG, it was suggested to apply spongy support in higher organic load rate than these typically used in aerated lagoons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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13. Recuperación de polifenoles de efluentes de almazara mediante procesos de membrana y tratamiento biológico de las corrientes de rechazo
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Cifuentes Cabezas, Magdalena Soledad
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Aguas residuales de almazara ,Membrane processes ,Procesos de membranas ,Ultrafiltration technologies ,Oil mill wastewater ,Recuperación de compuestos fenólicos ,Recovery of phenolic compounds ,Biological treatment ,Phenolic compounds ,Tratamiento biológico ,INGENIERIA QUIMICA ,Olive Oil washing wastewater - Abstract
[ES] Toneladas de aceite de oliva son producidas cada año en el área mediterránea, generando aguas residuales con elevada carga orgánica (COD) y polifenoles (TPhs). Los TPhs son compuestos fitotóxicos, sin embargo, poseen una alta actividad antioxidante, siendo valiosos para su comercialización. La Tesis Doctoral pretende implementar la economía circular para el tratamiento de estas aguas residuales. Para ello, varias combinaciones de procesos fueron estudiados, para recuperar TPhs y reincorporar estas aguas en el proceso productivo. El agua estudiada corresponde a agua de lavado de aceite de oliva (OOWW, "olive oil washing wastewater"), obtenida a la salida de la centrifugación vertical (lavado del aceite), generada en la elaboración de aceite de oliva mediante centrifugación de dos fases. El estudio contempla la utilización de procesos de membrana, resinas de adsorción y tratamiento biológico. Primero se realizó un pretratamiento (flotación, sedimentación y filtración con cartucho) eliminando 89% de grasas y aceites y 40% de color, turbidez y sólidos en suspensión. Luego fue alimentada al proceso de Ultrafiltración (UF) para obtener un permeado rico en TPhs con baja COD. Diferentes membranas, condiciones operacionales (presión transmembranal (TMP) y velocidad tangencial (CFV)) y protocolos de limpieza fueron estudiados. Modelos matemáticos semi-empíricos, método de superficies de respuesta (RSM) y redes neuronales artificiales (ANN) fueron utilizados para predecir el comportamiento de la densidad de flujo de permeado y analizar el tipo de ensuciamiento predominante. La membrana UP005 a TMP de 2 bar y CFV de 2.5m/s fue seleccionada, con una densidad de flujo de permeado estable de 40L/h·m2, bajo rechazo de TPhs (8%) y alto rechazo de COD (61%). Los modelos matemáticos indicaron que más de un proceso de ensuciamiento contribuyeron al ensuciamiento de las membranas. El análisis estadístico ANOVA de RSM mostró que la CFV como la TMP afectan a la densidad de flujo de permeado. Mediante ANN fue posible predecir los datos experimentales de variación de densidad de flujo de permeado con el tiempo. La nanofiltración (NF) y la ósmosis directa (FO) se estudiaron para concentrar los TPhs presentes en el permeado de UF. En la NF se analizaron varias membranas bajo diferentes condiciones operacionales para obtener el mayor rechazo de TPhs. La membrana NF270 a CFV de 1m/s y TMP de 10 bar, logró una densidad de flujo de permeado estable de 74L/h·m2, rechazo de TPhs del 94% y rechazo de COD del 83%. Para el estudio del ensuciamiento de las membranas se utilizaron dos técnicas espectroscópicas, fluorescencia 2D y FTIR, obteniendo información sobre la adsorción de algunos compuestos sobre la superficie de las membranas, y evaluar la eficiencia del protocolo de limpieza. En la FO dos membranas fueron analizadas para la concentración de TPhs. También se estudió el uso de aguas residuales procedentes de la etapa de fermentación en la elaboración de aceitunas de mesa (FTOP) como disolución de arrastre debido a su alta salinidad. Con la membrana HFFO6 (caudal de 30 L/h) se logró la concentración de TPhs en un 79% y la dilución de la FTOP. Cuatro resinas de adsorción fueron estudiadas para recuperar los TPhs presentes en los concentrados de la FO y de la NF. Se estudiaron diferentes concentraciones de resina, tiempos de contacto y disolventes de desorción para la obtención de un concentrado puro, rico en TPhs. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con 40 g/L de resina MN200 y una disolución 50% etanol/agua como disolvente. Finalmente, las aguas resultantes (concentrado de FO y rechazos de NF y UF) fueron sometidas a tratamientos biológicos. Primero se realizaron estudios para evaluar la concentración inicial de los reactores biológicos. Mediante tratamiento biológico SBR se logró eliminar en gran medida la COD y los TPhs (rechazo de UF) presentes, logrando obtener efluentes con características aptas para ser utilizadas como agua de limpieza de maquinaria., [CA] Tones d'oli d'oliva són produïdes cada any a l'àrea mediterrània, generant aigües residuals amb càrrega orgànica elevada (COD) i polifenols (TPhs). Els TPhs són compostos fitotòxics, no obstant això, tenen una alta activitat antioxidant, sent valuosos per a la seva comercialització. La Tesi Doctoral pretén implementar l¿economia circular per al tractament d¿aquestes aigües residuals. Per això, diverses combinacions de processos van ser estudiats, per recuperar TPhs i reincorporar aquestes aigües al procés productiu. L'aigua estudiada correspon a aigua de rentat d'oli d'oliva (OOWW, olive oil washing wastewater), obtinguda a la sortida de la centrifugació vertical (rentat de l'oli), generada en l'elaboració d'oli d'oliva mitjançant centrifugació de dues fases. L'estudi contempla la utilització de processos de membrana, resines d'adsorció i tractament biològic. Primer es va realitzar un pretractament (flotació, sedimentació i filtració amb cartutx) eliminant 89% de greixos i olis i 40% de color, terbolesa i sòlids en suspensió. Després va ser alimentada al procés d'Ultrafiltració (UF) per obtenir un permeat ric en TPhs amb baixa COD. Diferents membranes, condicions operacionals (pressió transmembranal (TMP) i velocitat tangencial (CFV)) i protocols de neteja van ser estudiats. Models matemàtics semi-empírics, mètode de superfícies de resposta (RSM) i xarxes neuronals artificials (ANN) van ser utilitzats per predir el comportament de la densitat de flux de permeat i analitzar el tipus d'embrutament predominant. La membrana UP005 a TMP de 2 bar i CFV de 2.5m/s va ser seleccionada, amb una densitat de flux de permeat estable de 40L/h·m2, baix rebuig de TPhs (8%) i alt rebuig de COD (61%) . Els models matemàtics van indicar que més d'un procés d'embrutament van contribuir a embrutar les membranes. L'anàlisi estadística ANOVA de RSM va mostrar que la CFV com la TMP afecten la densitat de flux de permeat. Mitjançant ANN va ser possible predir les dades experimentals de variació de densitat de flux de permeat amb el temps. La nanofiltració (NF) i l'osmosi directa (FO) es van estudiar per concentrar els TPhs presents al permeat d'UF. A la NF es van analitzar diverses membranes sota diferents condicions operacionals per obtenir el major rebuig de TPhs. La membrana NF270 a CFV de 1m/s i TMP de 10 bar, va aconseguir una densitat de flux de permeat estable de 74L/h·m2, rebuig de TPhs del 94% i rebuig de COD del 83%. Per estudiar l'embrutament de les membranes es van utilitzar dues tècniques espectroscòpiques, fluorescència 2D i FTIR, obtenint informació sobre l'adsorció d'alguns compostos sobre la superfície de les membranes, i avaluar l'eficiència del protocol de neteja. A la FO dues membranes van ser analitzades per a la concentració de TPhs. També es va estudiar l'ús d'aigües residuals procedents de l'etapa de fermentació en l'elaboració d'olives de taula (FTOP) com a dissolució d'arrossegament per la seva alta salinitat. Amb la membrana HFFO6 (cabal de 30 L/h) es va aconseguir la concentració de TPhs en un 79% i la dilució de la FTOP. Quatre resines d'adsorció van ser estudiades per recuperar els TPhs presents als concentrats de la FO i de la NF. Es van estudiar diferents concentracions de resina, temps de contacte i dissolvents de desorció per obtenir un concentrat pur, ric en TPhs. Els millors resultats es van obtenir amb 40 g/L de resina MN200 i una dissolució 50% etanol/aigua com a dissolvent. Finalment, les aigües resultants (concentrat de FO i rebutjos de NF i UF) van ser sotmeses a tractaments biològics. Primer es van fer estudis per avaluar la concentració inicial dels reactors biològics. Mitjançant tractament biològic SBR es va aconseguir eliminar en gran mesura la COD i els TPhs (rebuig d'UF) presents, aconseguint obtenir efluents amb característiques aptes per ser utilitzades com a aigua de neteja de maquinària., [EN] Tons of olive oil are produced each year in the Mediterranean area, generating wastewater with a high organic load (COD) and polyphenols (TPhs). TPhs are phytotoxic compounds, however, they have a high antioxidant activity, being valuable for their commercialization. The Doctoral Thesis aims to implement the circular economy for the treatment of these wastewaters. For this, various combinations of processes were studied to recover TPhs and reincorporate these waters into the production process. The water studied corresponds to olive oil washing water (OOWW), obtained at the outlet of the vertical centrifugation (oil washing), generated in the production of olive oil by means of two-phase centrifugation. The study contemplates the use of membrane processes, adsorption resins and biological treatment. First, a pretreatment (flotation, sedimentation and cartridge filtration) was carried out, eliminating 89% of fats and oils and 40% of colour, turbidity and suspended solids. Then it was fed to the Ultrafiltration (UF) process to obtain a permeate rich in TPhs with low COD. Different membranes, operational conditions (transmembrane pressure (TMP) and cross low velocity (CFV)) and cleaning protocols were studied. Semi-empirical mathematical models, the response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to predict the behavior of the permeate flux density and to analyze the predominant type of fouling. The UP005 membrane at 2 bar TMP and 2.5m/s CFV was selected, with a stable permeate flux density of 40L/h·m2, low TPhs rejection (8%) and high COD rejection (61%). Mathematical models indicated that more than one fouling process contributed to the fouling of the membranes. Statistical analysis ANOVA of RSM showed that both CFV and TMP affect permeate flux density. Through ANN it was possible to predict the experimental data of permeate flux density variation over time. Nanofiltration (NF) and forward osmosis (FO) were studied to concentrate the TPhs present in the UF permeate. In the NF several membranes were analyzed under different operational conditions to obtain the highest rejection of TPhs. The NF270 membrane at CFV of 1m/s and TMP of 10 bar, achieved a stable permeate flux density of 74L/h·m2, TPhs rejection of 94% and COD rejection of 83%. To study the fouling of the membranes, two spectroscopic techniques were used, 2D fluorescence and FTIR, obtaining information on the adsorption of some compounds on the surface of the membranes, and evaluating the efficiency of the cleaning protocol. In the FO two membranes were analyzed for the concentration of TPhs. The use of wastewater from the fermentation stage in the production of table olives (FTOP) as a stripping solution due to its high salinity was also studied. With the HFFO6 membrane (flow rate of 30 L/h) the concentration of TPhs was achieved by 79% and the dilution of the FTOP. Four adsorption resins were studied to recover the TPhs present in the FO and NF concentrates. Different resin concentrations, contact times and desorption solvents were studied to obtain a pure concentrate, rich in TPhs. The best results were obtained with 40 g/L of MN200 resin and a 50% ethanol/water solution as solvent. Finally, the resulting waters (FO concentrate and NF and UF rejections) were subjected to biological treatments. First, studies were carried out to evaluate the initial concentration of the biological reactors. Using SBR biological treatment, it was possible to largely eliminate the COD and the TPhs (rejection of UF) present, managing to obtain effluents with suitable characteristics to be used as machinery cleaning water., The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through the project CTM2017-88645-R and The European Union through the Operational Program of the Social Fund (FSE) of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020, ACIF-2018 and BEFPI-2021, and the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020).
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- 2023
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14. Treatment of effluents from an ice cream producing plant using sequential batch reactors
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Carrasquero Ferrer, Sedolfo Jose and Urbina Bustos, Sonnia Soraya
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Dairy effluents ,nutrientes ,reactores ,nutrients ,reactors ,biological treatment ,Efluentes lácteos ,tratamiento biológico - Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a sequential batch reactor operating in the treatment of effluents from an ice cream producer. They implemented two times of 10 and 12 hours, an anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic operational sequence, and a cell retention time of 25 days. The physicochemical parameters measured were chemical total oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, orthophosphates, total phosphorus, pH and total alkalinity at the beginning, end of each phase and outlet of the reactor for each treatment evaluated. According to the results obtained, the percentages of COD removal were between 89.8 and 94.6% for 10 and 12 h, respectively, without statistically significant differences between the applied times. The SBR was efficient for the removal of the nutrients present in the industrial effluent, reaching a maximum removal of total nitrogen of 81.0% and total phosphorus of 51.0%. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la eficiencia de un reactor por carga secuencial operado en el tratamiento de efluentes de una productora de helados. Se implementaron dos tiempos de 10 y 12 horas, una secuencia operacional anaerobia, aerobia y anóxica, y un tiempo de retención celular de 25 días. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos medidos fueron la demanda química de oxígeno total, nitrógeno amoniacal, nitritos (NO2-), nitratos, ortofosfatos, fósforo total, pH y alcalinidad total al inicio, final de cada fase y salida del reactor para cada tratamiento evaluado. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, los porcentajes de remoción de DQOT estuvieron entre 89,8 y 94,6% para 10 y 12 h, respectivamente, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tiempos aplicados. El SBR fue eficiente para la remoción de los nutrientes presentes en el efluente industrial, alcanzando una remoción máxima de nitrógeno total de 81,0% y de fósforo total de 51,0%.
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- 2023
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15. Consenso mexicano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica en adolescentes y adultos.
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Rincón-Pérez, Catalina, Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée, Figueroa-Morales, Marco Antonio, Luna-Pech, Jorge, García-Hidalgo, Linda, Macías-Weinmann, Alejandra, Gómez-Vera, Javier, Barba-Gómez, José Fernando, Matta-Campos, Juan José, Guevara-Sangines, Esther, Jurado-Santacruz, Fermín, Tello-Santillán, Adriana López, Ortega-Martell, José Antonio, Pulido-Díaz, Nancy, Serrano-Jaén, Liliana Guadalupe, Toledo-Bahena, Mirna, Villanueva-Quintero, Guadalupe, and Mayorga-Butrón, José Luis
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Background: The diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies of atopic dermatitis (AD) are generally inconsistent among physicians and health institutions. Objective: To develop a consensus statement among experts to reduce the variations in practice regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients . 12 years with AD to improve their care. Methods: Systematic literature search in PubMed and GREAT. With methodological support and using the Delphi method, a formal consensus was developed among 16 experts in Dermatology and Allergology, based on the current evidence and its applicability in the Mexican context. Apart from intense electronic communication, several issues of disagreement were discussed in two face-to-face meetings. Results: The clinical experts reached consensus on 46 statements related to the definition, classification, diagnostic strategies and treatment of AD. For the diagnosis we suggest the Williams criteria and for severity scoring the SCORAD (by the doctor) and POEM (by the patient). In addition to general care and treatment education (workshops), we suggest four steps for treatment, depending on severity: 1. Topical treatment with anti-inflammatory agents (and systemic: antihistamines/antileukotrienes .low level evidence.) 2. Phototherapy, 3. Cyclosporin A and 4. Dupilumab, with the possibility of managing this biological earlier on if a fast effect is needed. In extrinsic AD we suggest evaluating the addition of allergen immunotherapy or an elimination diet, if there is an IgE-mediated respiratory or food allergy, respectively. Conclusion: The panel of experts reached consensus on relevant aspects of AD with a focus on the transcultural adaptation of recent evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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16. Estudio del tratamiento de un agua residual industrial procedente de la industria textil con un biorreactor de membranas. Análisis y seguimiento de la separación de microfibras
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Nácher Civera, José Luis
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Membrane fouling ,Ensuciamiento membrana ,Agua residual sintética textil ,Bioreactor de membranes ,Synthetic textile wastewater ,Microfibres ,Biorreactor de membranas ,INGENIERIA QUIMICA ,Tratamiento biológico ,Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Química-Màster Universitari en Enginyeria Química ,Microfibras ,Embrutiment membrana ,Microfibers ,Membrane bioreactor ,Aigua residual sintètica tèxtil ,Biological treatment ,Tractament biològic - Abstract
[ES] En el presente Trabajo Fin de Máster (TFM) se realiza un estudio sobre el tratamiento con un biorreactor de membranas (MBR), de aguas residuales provenientes de la industria textil, poniendo especial atención en cómo afectan las microfibras que contienen estas aguas al sistema de depuración. Para ello, se utiliza un agua residual simulada dopada con microfibras de algodón. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo la puesta en marcha del sistema MBR sólo con agua de red, para probar el sistema y la membrana. Una vez comprobado, se realiza un ensayo añadiendo microfibras al agua de red, comprobando su efecto. Seguidamente, se efectúa la puesta en marcha del reactor MBR añadiéndole fango de depuradora junto con agua residual sintética. Una vez estudiado el sistema con fango y sin microfibras, se estudia el efecto de estas. Para ello, se pone de nuevo en funcionamiento el sistema de fangos activos al que se adicionan microfibras de algodón, de concentración conocida, al agua residual sintética. Con ello, se pretende evaluar y comparar la eficacia del tratamiento biológico y el ensuciamiento de la membrana en ambos ensayos (sin y con la adición de microfibras). Para controlar el comportamiento del sistema de fangos activos se efectúa un seguimiento de los siguientes parámetros: demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), nitrógeno en forma de nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH4+), nitrógeno total (NT), nitrógeno en forma de nitritos (N-NO2-), nitrógeno en forma de nitratos (N-NO3-), fósforo total (PT), fósforo en forma de fosfatos (P-PO43-), pH, conductividad, turbidez y concentración de productos microbianos solubles (carbohidratos y proteínas). Por otro lado, en los ensayos con adición de fibras al agua o al fango, se realiza el seguimiento de las microfibras presentes en el sistema mediante un conteo visual. Adicionalmente, para estudiar el comportamiento de la membrana en cualquiera de los ensayos, se evalúa su ensuciamiento realizando un seguimiento de la presión transmembranal, del caudal de permeado obtenido y, se realiza una observación microscópica mediante un microscopio electrónico de barrido asociado a la técnica de emisión de rayos X (FESEM-EDX). Se pretende, con este proyecto, fomentar el uso de la tecnología de membranas para el ámbito de tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales de origen textil, con el fin de reutilizarla dentro de la empresa y buscar una economía circular para lograr la meta de residuo cero. De esta forma, se trabaja en un futuro más sostenible y se fomentan algunos de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030, como son el ODS-6 Agua limpia y saneamiento, el ODS-12 Producción y consumo responsables y el ODS-14 Vida submarina. Tras evaluar y discutir los resultados obtenidos experimentalmente, se concluye el trabajo realizando una estimación del presupuesto requerido para realizar este estudio., [CAT] En aquest Treball Fi de Màster (TFM) es realitza un estudi sobre el tractament amb un bioreactor de membrana (MBR) treballant amb aigües residuals industrials provinents de la indústria tèxtil. Posant especial atenció en com afecten les microfibres que contenen aquestes aigües al sistema de depuració. Per a això, s'utilitza una aigua residual simulada dopada amb microfibres de cotó. Primerament, es fa la posada en marxa del sistema MBR només amb aigua de xarxa, avaluant el comportament del sistema i la membrana. A continuació, s'assaja addicionant microfibres a l'aigua de xarxa, comprovant el seu efecte. Seguidament s'efectua la posada en marxa del reactor MBR afegint-li fang de depuradora juntament amb aigua residual sintètica, sense l'addició de microfibres. Una vegada estudiat el sistema amb fang i sense microfibres, es passa a avaluar l'efecte d'aquestes. Per a això, es posa de nou en funcionament el sistema de fangs actius al qual s'addicionen microfibres de cotó, de concentració coneguda, a l'aigua residual sintètica. Es pretén avaluar i comparar l'eficàcia del tractament biològic i l’embrutiment de la membrana en tots dos assajos (sense i amb l'addició de microfibres). Per a avaluar el comportament del sistema de fangs actius s'efectua un seguiment dels següents paràmetres: la demanda química d'oxigen (DQO), el nitrogen en forma de nitrogen amoniacal (N-NH4 + ), el nitrogen total (NT), el nitrogen en forma de nitrits (N-NO2 - ), el nitrogen en forma de nitrats (N-NO3 - ), el fòsfor total (PT), el fòsfor en forma de fosfats (P-PO4 3- ), el pH, la conductivitat, la terbolesa i la concentració de productes microbians solubles (carbohidrats i proteïnes). D'altra banda, en els assajos amb addició de fibres a l'aigua i al fang, es realitza el seguiment de les microfibres presents en el sistema mitjançant un comptatge visual. Addicionalment, per a estudiar el comportament de la membrana en qualsevol dels assajos, s'avalua el seu embrutiment realitzant un seguiment de la pressió transmembranal, del cabal de permeat obtingut i, es realitza una observació microscòpica mitjançant un microscopi electrònic d'escombratge associat a la tècnica d'emissió de raigs X (FESEM-EDX). Es pretén, amb aquest projecte, fomentar l'ús de la tecnologia de membranes per a l'àmbit de tractament d'aigües residuals industrials d'origen tèxtil, amb la finalitat de reutilitzar-la dins de l'empresa i buscar una economia circular per a aconseguir la meta de residu zero. D'aquesta manera, es treballa en un futur més sostenible i es fomenten alguns dels objectius de desenvolupament sostenible (ODS) de l'Agenda 2030, com són el ODS-6 Aigua neta i sanejament, el ODS-12 Producció i consum responsables i el ODS-14 Vida submarina. Després d'avaluar i discutir els resultats obtinguts experimentalment es conclou el treball realitzant una estimació del pressupost requerit per a realitzar aquest estudi. Paraules clau: aigua residual sintètica tèxtil; bioreactor de membranes; microfibres; embrutiment membrana; tractament biològic., [EN] In this Master's Thesis (TFM) is carried out a study of the treatment with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) of wastewater from the textile industry, paying special attention in how the microfibers contained in this water affect the purification system. For this purpose, a simulated wastewater doped with cotton microfibers is used. First of all, the MBR system is started up with only tap water, evaluating the behaviour of the system and the membrane. Once the operation has been verified, it is tested by adding microfibers to the tap water, checking the effect. Then, the MBR reactor is started up by adding sewage sludge together with synthetic wastewater without the addition of microfibers. Once the system with sludge has been studied, the effect of the microfibers is evaluated. For this purpose, the activated sludge system is again put into operation with the addition of a known concentration of cotton microfibers to synthetic wastewater. The aim is to evaluate and compare the efficiency of the biological treatment and the membrane fouling in both tests (without and with the addition of microfibers). To evaluate the performance of the activated sludge system, the following parameters are measured: chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen in the form of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4+), total nitrogen (TN), nitrogen in the form of nitrites (N-NO2-), nitrogen in the form of nitrates (N-NO3-), total phosphorus (TP), phosphorus in the form of phosphates (P-PO43-), pH, conductivity, turbidity and the concentration of soluble microbial products (carbohydrates and proteins). On the other hand, in the tests with the addition of fibers to the water and sludge, the microfibers present in the system are monitored by means of a visual count. Additionally, to study the behaviour of the membrane in any of the tests, the fouling is evaluated by monitoring the transmembrane pressure, the permeate flow obtained and a microscopic observation by means of a scanning electron microscope associated with the X-ray emission technique (FESEM-EDX). The aim of this project is to promote the use of membrane technologies for the treatment of industrial textile wastewater, in order to reuse it within the company and seek a circular economy to achieve the goal of zero waste. In this way, some research is needed towards a more sustainable future and promote some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, such as SDG-6 Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG-12 Responsible Production and Consumption and SDG-14 Undersea Life. After evaluating and discussing the results obtained experimentally, the work is concluded by making an estimate of the budget required to carry out this study.
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- 2022
17. Evaluación Operacional de Procesos Biotecnológicos Aerobio, Anaerobio y Combinado Para el Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Domésticas
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Mantilla-Moreno, Ana Maria, Barrios-Caballero, Manuel Antonio, Galvis-Caballero, Angel, and Agualimpia-Valderrama, Bayron Enrique
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Biotecnología ,Biological Treatment ,Tratamiento Biológico ,Anaerobic Digestion ,Domestic Waste Water ,Reactors ,Digestión Anaerobia ,Agua Residual Doméstica (ARD) ,Reactores ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Digital, Actualmente, el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas sigue procesos biotecnológicos con capacidad de degradar materia orgánica, ya sea mediante reacciones de fermentación (anaerobio) u oxidación (aerobio). Con el fin de establecer la viabilidad de un sistema combinado aerobio-anaerobio se realizó una evaluación de estos procesos individualmente y conjunto, a partir de un análisis bibliométrico y vigilancia tecnológica de la temática, seguido de una caracterización físico-química y microbiológica de los parámetros influyentes en los procesos, para finalizar con un análisis de las cinéticas microbianas involucradas en la disminución de carga orgánica de cada sistema por separado y como sistema mixto, según la relación entre eficiencia y producto. Metodológicamente, se trató de un estudio de corte transversal que evaluó la capacidad de degradación de materia orgánica disuelta en aguas residuales municipales desde su entrada al sistema hasta el vertimiento del agua tratada en una fuente hídrica. Para determinar ventajas y desventajas de cada proceso por separado y en conjunto, se hizo el análisis de muestras recolectadas a partir de monitoreos semanales con un total de 2800 muestras de aguas residuales domésticas, durante un año, desde cuatro puntos a la entrada y salida del sistema combinado y 54 muestras de lodo tomadas también semanalmente de cada sistema durante el año 2019. Además, se realizaron mediciones periódicas usando métodos térmicos, título-métricos, potenciométricos y espectrofotométricos con las metodologías normalizadas por el Standard Methods, con el fin de caracterizar los procesos fisicoquímica y microbiológicamente y comparar niveles de eficiencia obtenidos en cada proceso autónomo y en correlación. Entre los resultados se destacaron la caracterización de aguas residuales durante los procesos aislados y combinado con los parámetros más representativos y la identificación del porcentaje de remoción de 70% por parte del proceso combinado junto con la presencia de células no viables en lodos que no se encuentran estabilizados., Currently, domestic wastewater treatment follows biotechnological processes to degrade organic matter by fermentation (anaerobic) or oxidation (aerobic) reactions. In order to establish the viability of a Mixed aerobic-anaerobic system in the treatment of domestic wastewater, it was made a bibliometric analysis and technological vigilance of the topic. It was followed by a physic-chemical and microbiological characterization of the main processes’ parameters. Finally, an evaluation of the aforementioned processes was carried out, based on the determination and comparative analysis of the microbial kinetics involved in the decrease of organic load of each system separately and as a mixed system in relation of efficient-product. Methodologically, it was a cross-sectional study that evaluated the degradation capacity of dissolved organic matter in municipal wastewater from its entry into the system until the discharge of treated water into water sources. To determine advantages and disadvantages of each process separately and together, the analysis of the samples collected from those monitored weekly was made with a total of 2800 samples of domestic wastewater, during a year, from four points to the entrance and output of the combined system and 54 mud samples also taken weekly from each system in 2019. Periodic measurements were made using thermal, titer-metric, potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods with the methodologies standardized by the Standard Methods, in order to characterize the physicochemical and microbiological processes and compare efficiency levels obtained in each autonomous process and in correlation. The results include, characterization of wastewater during the isolated processes and combined with the most representative parameters and the identification of the removal percentage of 70% by the combined process together with the presence of non-viable cells in sludge that are not found stabilized., Maestría, Magíster en Biotecnología, Resumen 15 Summary 17 Introducción 19 Problema de Investigación 24 Planteamiento del Problema 24 Justificación 26 Pregunta de Investigación 27 Objetivos 28 Objetivo General 28 Objetivos Específicos 28 Línea de Investigación 29 Metodología 30 Primera Fase. Análisis Bibliométrico y Vigilancia Tecnológica 30 Segunda Fase. Caracterización 33 Métodos y Reactivos. 35 Materiales. 37 Tercera Fase. Determinación y Análisis Comparativo de Cinéticas Microbianas 38 Estado del Arte 39 Marco Referencial 49 Marco Conceptual 49 Características Físicas de ARD a Medir con Parámetros Físicos. 52 Características Químicas de ARD a Medir con Parámetros Químicos. 52 Microorganismos Presentes en ARD a Medir con Parámetros Microbiológicos. 54 Marco Legal 73 Análisis Bibliométrico y Vigilancia Tecnológica 75 Análisis Bibliométrico 75 Vigilancia Tecnológica 80 Resultados del Análisis Bibliométrico y la Vigilancia Tecnológica 82 Caracterización 84 Caracterización Proceso Anaerobio 84 Caracterización Proceso Aerobio (RBS) 94 Caracterización proceso combinado 106 Caracterización Coliformes Sistemas Anaerobio, Aerobio y Combinado 116 Determinación de Cinéticas Microbianas y Análisis Comparativo de Eficiencia de los Sistemas UASB, RBS y Combinado UASB-RBS 118 Cinéticas Microbianas 118 Determinación de Coeficientes de la Cinética del 119 Análisis de Cinéticas Microbianas. 121 Balance de DQO 125 DOFA del Bioproceso Combinado UASB-RBS 127 Conclusiones 129 Recomendaciones 131 Referencias Bibliográficas 133
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- 2022
18. Nitrificación en el tratamiento de lodos de lixiviados en un reactor biológico discontinuo secuencial - SBBR.
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Chávez Porras, Álvaro, Ramírez Contreras, Tatiana, and Casallas Ortega, Nicolás
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Landfills provide a technique for the effective disposal and treatment of solid waste; they generate leachates by means of the degradation of organic matter and the percolation of rainwater. It is possible to treat the sludge generated from the treatment of leachates through a Discontinuous Sequential Biological Reactor - SBBR, oxidizing the substrate and favoring degradation and nitrification. The objective of the study is the biological treatment of leachate sludge from Doña Juana Sanitary Landfill, Bogotá D.C - Colombia, through an SBBR, to achieve the reduction of environmental impacts. A pilot system was used, with 10 mud replacements (one per week) in 70 days. The aeration system was controlled by means of parameters such as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen that determined the correct biological activity. A reduction of 40% of the total nitrogen in the final sludge mixture was achieved. A BOD reduction of 99.6% and a COD reduction of 98% for the final clarification were also obtained. This allows us to conclude that, with the incorporation of extended aeration, the biological process allows the mitigation of the contaminant load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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19. TRATAMIENTO DE EFLUENTES PROVENIENTES DEL PROCESAMIENTO DE PESCADO UTILIZANDO UN REACTOR BIOLÓGICO ROTATIVO DE CONTACTO.
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COLINA, GILBERTO, CHINGA, CARLOS, VELÁSQUEZ, ABRAHAN, MARÍN, JULIO, ZAMBRANO, LUZ, VIZUETA, EVER, MESA, JOSE, and PABLO, PABLO
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The efficiency of a rotating biological contact reactor–RBC, in the treatment of effluents coming from a fishing processor industry in the city of Manta–Ecuador, was evaluated. The effluent was collected in 20 L plastic containers and refrigerated at 4ºC. The experimental system was formed by an RBC reactor, with separated discs at 0.8 cm, submerged at 40%, approximately in the effluent, and at a rotation speed of 4 rpm. The reactor worked in two stages in a discontinuing form with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 48 and 24 h (stage II and I). Physical-chemical and microbiological characterizations of the effluent before and after the treatment were done. The pH, total alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), suspended volatile solids (SVS), total dissolved solids (SDT), ammonium, orthophosphate, sulfates and chlorides were also evaluated according to standard methodology. Considering the complexity of the effluent, good removal efficiency was obtained from CODt (stage I: 79.9% and stage II: 47.6%). The removal efficiency from the orthophosphate (P-PO4 -3), was 57.2% for stage I and 66.1% for stage II. The SSV/SST relationship, for stage I was 73.5% and for stage II was 75.3%, reporting a high SSV content. The results don’t comply with the environmental Ecuadorian regulations, yet, it becomes necessary to implement series reactors and post physical-chemical treatment in order to adequate the residual levels of sulfates and chlorides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
20. Perfilamiento del paciente con asma grave eosinofílica para el tratamiento biológico con Mepolizumab y su efectividad en el control de la enfermedad.
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Ortiz-Monteón, Zayra and Peñaloza-Martha, Ruiz
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Background: Management of severe eosinophilic asthma includes typing to identify allergic, eosinophilic and non-HT2 phenotypes. Elevated eosinophil levels are associated with higher IL-5 levels. Eosinophils during their migration to target tissues secrete proteins that damage the activated bronchial epithelium and correlate with asthma severity. Mepolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes IL-5. Objectives: To describe experience with the use of biological anti interleukin 5 Mepolizumab. Methods: Case report, descriptive study. We included patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, a history of rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and/or EREA. Eosinophils 150 cells/μL, FeNO 25 ppb and spirometry with obstructive pattern. Results: 6 women with a diagnosis of severe asthma were included. Initial eosinophil values of 180 - 630 cél/μL, IgE 176 - 2500 Ui/ml, FENO 23 -39, ACT at 2, 4 and 6 months of use, minimum of 9 and maximum end of 25. Significant improvement in the ACT test from the first two months of use, decreased inhaled steroid and 0 to 2 exacerbations in 6 months. Conclusion: There are multiple studies, there are no statistically significant reports to demonstrate superiority with the use of a specific biological, together with the different economic limitations that exist in the country. It is necessary to identify target populations with phenotypes that will respond to a specific therapy and direct treatment. In Mexico there are few hospitals with these therapies, it is necessary to continue with the constant evaluation and contribution of information to find the right treatment for the Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. Tratamento físico, químico e biológico de resíduos químicos dos laboratórios de ensino da Universidade Nacional, Costa Rica
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J. A., Vargas-Villalobos, S., Aparicio-Mora, C., Nova-Bustos, N., Pinnock-Branford, M., and Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
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TOXICIDAD ,ASPERGILLUS SP ,CHEMICAL WASTEWATER ,General Physics and Astronomy ,toxicidade ,TOXICITY ,CROMATOGRAFÍA DE MASAS ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,Physical chemical ,MASS CHROMATOGRAPHY ,biological treatment ,lcsh:Science ,mass chromatography ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Chemistry ,aguas residuales químicas ,General Social Sciences ,tratamiento biológico ,aspergillus sp ,6. Clean water ,Bacterial strain ,Horticulture ,águas residuais químicas ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,After treatment ,General Computer Science ,General Mathematics ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph] ,BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT ,daphnia magna ,[CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,TRATAMIENTO BIOLÓGICO ,toxicidad ,cromatografia de massas ,chemical wastewater ,lcsh:Science (General) ,cromatografía de masas ,AGUAS RESIDUALES QUÍMICAS ,CROMATOGRAFIA DE MASSAS ,PENICILLIUM DIPODOMYICOLA ,tratamento biológico ,toxicity ,General Chemistry ,DAPHNIA MAGNA ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Water flea ,penicillium dipodomyicola ,13. Climate action ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
Herein, we report the physical, chemical, and biological treatment of wastewater generated in the teaching laboratories at Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Initial physicochemical treatment included neutralization and coagulation-flocculation, followed by a biological treatment with fungi (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium dipodomyicola) or bacterias, the latter were isolated from the sludge from the campus’ wastewater treatment plant and the greywater collection tank at the School of Chemistry. The samples’ pH prior to treatment was ≤ 2, while COD ranged between 3000 and 30 000 mg/L. Gas chromatography-mass spectra analysis indicated the presence of 55 organic compounds in the wastewater, some of which reached undetectable concentrations after treatment. The fungi and the bacterial strain removed up to 50% of the substances while the toxicity decreased with respect to time of exposure to the treatment. Results support the potential use of these microorganisms as bioremediators. Although the organic compounds were partially removed, the treated wastewater exhibited high toxicity for Daphnia magna (water flea). Further experiments with longer treatment times or other strains might be needed for effective removal of pollutants En este trabajo, se reporta el tratamiento físico, químico y biológico de las aguas residuales generadas en los laboratorios de docencia de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. El tratamiento fisicoquímico inicial incluyó la neutralización y la coagulación-floculación, seguido de un tratamiento biológico con hongos (Aspergillussp. y Penicillium dipodomyicola) o bacterias; estos se aislaron del lodo de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del campus y del tanque de recolección de aguas grises en la Escuela de Química. El pH de las muestras antes del tratamiento fue ≤ 2, mientras que la DQO osciló entre 3000 y 30 000 mg /L. El análisis de cromatografía de gases con detector de masa (GC/MS) indicó la presencia de 55 compuestos orgánicos en las aguas residuales, algunos de los cuales alcanzaron concentraciones indetectables después del tratamiento. Los hongos y la cepa bacteriana eliminaron hasta el 50 % de las sustancias, mientras que la toxicidad disminuyó con respecto al tiempo de exposición al tratamiento. Los resultados sugieren el uso potencial de estos microorganismos como biorremediadores. Aunque los compuestos orgánicos se eliminaron parcialmente, las aguas residuales tratadas exhibieron una alta toxicidad para Daphnia magna(pulga de agua). Son necesarios más experimentos con tiempos de tratamiento más largos u otras cepas, para la eliminación efectiva de contaminantes Neste trabalho, é relatado o tratamento físico, químico e biológico das águas residuais geradas nos laboratórios de ensino da Universidade Nacional da Costa Rica. O tratamento físico-químico inicial incluiu a neutralização e a coagulação-floculação, seguido de tratamento biológico com fungos (Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium dipodomyicola) ou bactérias; estes foram isolados da lama da estação de tratamento de águas residuais do campus e do tanque de coleta de águas cinzas da Escola de Química. O pH das amostras antes do tratamento foi ≤ 2, enquanto a DQO oscilou entre 3000 e 30 000 mg/L. A análise de espectros de massa por cromatografia gasosa indicou a presença de 55 compostos orgânicos nas águas residuais, alguns dos quais atingiram concentrações indetectáveis após o tratamento. Os fungos e a cepa bacteriana eliminaram até 50% das substâncias, enquanto a toxicidade diminuiu com relação ao tempo de exposição ao tratamento. Os resultados sugerem o uso potencial desses microrganismos como biorremediadores. Embora os compostos orgânicos tenham sido parcialmente eliminados, as águas residuais tratadas exibiram alta toxicidade para Daphnia magna (pulga-de-água). São necessários mais experimentos com tempos de tratamento mais longos ou outras cepas para a eliminação eficaz de contaminantes Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela de Química
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- 2020
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22. NITRIFICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS EM REATORES AERÓBIOS DE LEITO FLUIDIZADO DE CIRCULAÇÃO INTERNA NITRIFICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS EM REATORES AERÓBIOS DE LEITO FLUIDIZADO DE CIRCULAÇÃO INTERNA
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Iván Andrés Sánchez Ortiz, Gleyce Teixeira Correia, Dib Gebara, Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho, and Tsunao Matsumoto
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Aguas residuales ,lecho fluidizado ,tratamiento biológico ,nitrógeno ,Waste water ,fluidized bed ,biological treatment ,nitrogen ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
En esta investigación se estudió la eficiencia de remoción de nitrógeno total (NT) y nitrógeno amoniacal total (NAT) en aguas residuales de piscicultura intensiva y domésticas por medio de reactores aerobios de lecho fluidizado trifásicos con circulación en tubos concéntricos. Se utilizaron diferentes diámetros internos (100; 125 y 150mm) para un mismo diámetro externo de 250mm; se utilizó arena para filtros y carbón activado granular como medio soporte; los reactores se ensayaron con tiempos de retención hidráulica de 11.5 min para el reactor R100, y de tres horas para los R125 y R150. Las eficiencias medias de remoción del NT y del NAT fueron: en el R100 de 24% y 27%; en el R125 de 38% y 40%; y en el R150 de 30% y 49%, respectivamente. Cuanto mayor el diámetro interno mejor fue la eficiencia de remoción de NAT.This research was intended to study the efficiency of removing total nitrogen (TN) and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) in waste water of intensive and domestic fish farming, through three-phase fluidized bed aerobic reactors with circulation in concentric tubes. Several internal diameters (100; 125; and 150 mm) were used for the same external diameter of 250 mm; filter sand and granular activated carbon were used as a support medium; reactors were tested with hydraulic retention times of 11.5 minutes for R100 reactor and three hours for R125 and R150 reactors. Mean removal efficiencies of TN and TAN were as follows: 24% for R100 Reactor; 38% and 40% for R125 Reactor; and 30% and 49% for R150 Reactor, respectively. The bigger the internal diameter the better the efficiency of TAN removal.
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- 2012
23. Ammonia removal in a water recirculating system for tilapia using an aerobic three-phase fluidized-bed reactor Remoción de amonio en un sistema de recirculación de agua para tilapia mediante un reactor aerobio de lecho fluidizado trifásico Monitoramento de 24 horas do desempenho de reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado trifásico na remoção de amônio num sistema de recirculação para produção de tilápia
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Iván A Sánchez and Tsunao Matsumoto
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lecho fluidizado trifásico ,piscicultura intensiva ,reactor aerobio ,sistemas de recirculación ,tratamiento biológico ,leito fluidizado trifásico ,reator aeróbio ,sistemas de recirculação ,tratamento biológico ,aerobic reactor ,biological treatment ,intensive fish culture ,recirculation systems ,three phase fluidized bed ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ammonia removal efficiency in the wastewater treatment system of an intensive tilapia laboratory production system with water recirculation. The system comprised of a conventional sedimentation basin and an aerobic three-phase fluidized-bed reactor with circulation, operated at hydraulic detention times of 176.4 and 11.9 minutes respectively. Granular activated carbon was used as carrier with apparent density of 1.64 g/cm³ and effective size of 0.34 mm; the carrier concentration into the reactor was maintained constant at 80 g/L. Mean removal efficiency of total ammonia nitrogen was 41.2%. The evaluated system is an effective option for water reuse in aquaculture recirculating systems. In spite of ammonium nitrogen concentration variability which average value was 0.136 mg/L, the reactor influent maintained water quality characteristics in stable conditions, with average concentrations of ammonia nitrogen of 0.079 mg/L and dissolved oxygen concentration of 6.70 mg/L, recommended for fish culture and within the permitted values by the Brazilian legislation (CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of march 5 of 2005) for the disposal of final effluent in receiving water bodies.El objetivo de este trabajo fue monitorear el desempeño de remoción de nitrógeno amoniacal en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales de producción intensiva de tilapia nilótica en un sistema con recirculación de agua. El sistema estuvo constituido por un sedimentador convencional y un reactor aerobio de lecho fluidizado trifásico con circulación, operados con tiempos de retención hidráulica de 176.4 y 11.9 minutos, respectivamente. El medio soporte utilizado en el reactor fue carbón activado granular con densidad aparente de 1.64 g/cm³ y tamaño efectivo de 0.34 mm; la concentración del medio soporte en el reactor se mantuvo constante en 80 g/L. La eficiencia media de remoción del nitrógeno amoniacal total fue de 41.2%. El sistema evaluado es una alternativa efectiva para el reuso del agua en sistemas de recirculación para acuicultura. Pese a la variabilidad de las concentraciones de nitrógeno amoniacal afluente cuyo valor promedio fue de 0.136 mg/L, el efluente del reactor mantuvo las características de calidad del agua en condiciones estables, con concentraciones promedio de nitrógeno amoniacal de 0.079 mg/L y de oxígeno disuelto de 6.70 mg/L, recomendables para el cultivo de los peces y en los valores permitidos por la legislación Brasilera (Resolución CONAMA No. 357 de marzo 5 de 2005) para lanzamiento de efluentes finales en cuerpos de agua receptores.O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar o desempenho de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal no tratamento das águas residuárias da produção intensiva de tilápia nilótica em sistema com recirculação de água. O sistema foi constituído por um sedimentador convencional e um reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado trifásico com circulação, operados com tempos de detenção hidráulica de 176.4 e 11.9 minutos respectivamente. O meio suporte utilizado no reator foi o carvão ativado granular com densidade aparente de 1.64 g/cm³ e tamanho efetivo de 0.34 mm; a concentração do meio suporte no reator foi mantida constante em 80 g/L. A eficiência média de remoção do nitrogênio amoniacal total foi de 41.2%. O sistema avaliado é uma alternativa efetiva para o reuso da água em sistemas de recirculação para aqüicultura. Embora a variabilidade das concentrações do nitrogênio amoniacal afluente cujo valor médio foi de 0.136 mg/L, o efluente do reator conservou as características de qualidade da água estáveis, com concentrações médias de nitrogênio amoniacal de 0.079 mg/L e do oxigênio dissolvido de 6.70 mg/L, recomendáveis para a criação dos peixes e nas faixas de valores permitidos pela legislação Brasileira (Resolução CONAMA No. 357 de março 5 de 2005) para lançamento de efluentes finais nos corpos de água receptores.
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- 2011
24. Pericarditis efusivo-constrictiva recidivante tras COVID-19.
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Rodrigo Domínguez, David, Rueda Cid, Amalia, Campos Fernández, Cristina, Molina Almeda, Clara, Lerma Garrido, Juan Jóse, and Pastor Cubillo, M. Dolores
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RHEUMATOID arthritis , *DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis , *COVID-19 - Abstract
Patient with rheumatoid arthritis who has Covid-19 with recurrent pericaditis debut, differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. PRODUCCIÓN MÁS LIMPIA Y VIABILIDAD DE TRATAMIENTO BIOLÓGICO PARA EFLUENTES DE MATADEROS EN PEQUEÑAS LOCALIDADES: Caso: Municipio de El Tambo (Colombia) CLEANER PRODUCTION AND FEASIBILITY OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR SLAUGHTERHOUSES EFFLUENTS IN SMALL TOWNS: Case: Municipality of Tambo (Colombia)
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GUILLERMO CHAUX, GLORIA L ROJAS, and LINA BOLAÑOS
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Efluentes de mataderos ,subproductos ,tratamiento biológico ,Slaughterhouse effluents ,by-products ,biological treatment ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Se evaluó la viabilidad de tratamiento biológico para el efluente del matadero del municipio de El Tambo (Cauca) y se propuso la implementación de procesos de producción más limpia (PML) en cuanto al uso del agua y algunos subproductos generados por esta central de sacrificio. Se llevaron a cabo jornadas de inspección sanitaria, aforos de caudal, cuantificación volumétrica de subproductos y análisis fisicoquímicos que incluyen: DBO5, DQO, SST, Nitrógeno Total, Fósforo Total, grasas y aceites, temperatura y pH. Se registra un elevado consumo de agua: 200 litros/cerdo y 1880 litros/res (superiores a los promedios del matadero de Popayán-Cauca: 100 L/cerdo y 500 L/res); valores de parámetros de contaminación: 9024 mg/L DQO, 1829 mg/L DBO5, 1357 mg/L SST, 889 mg/L N, 26 mg/L P, 79 mg/L de grasas y aceites, pH de 7.6. Producción de 23 L/bovino de rumen y 28 L/bovino de sangre. El efluente es de difícil biodegradabilidad; sin embargo, el tratamiento biológico anaeróbico es viable mediante una eliminación previa de grasas y rumen, colectándolos por separado mediante un estricto tratamiento preliminar. Antes del diseño de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual deben implementarse procesos de PML, con el fin de reducir el gasto masivo de agua y buscar una adecuada disposición y buen uso de subproductos.Was evaluated the feasibility of biological treatment for the effluent from the slaughterhouse in the municipality of El Tambo (Cauca) and proposed the implementation of cleaner production processes (CPP) in the use of water and some byproducts generated by the plant for slaughter. Conducted workshops for health inspection, flow capacities, volumetric quantification and analysis of physic-chemical byproducts that include BOD5, COD, TSS, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, fats and oils, temperature and pH. There are high water consumption: 200 liters/pork and 1800 liters/bovine (higher than the averages of the slaughterhouse of Popayán-Cauca: 100 L / pig and 500 L/bovine); values of pollution parameters: 9024 mg/L COD, 1829 mg/L BOD5, 1357 mg/L TSS, 889 mg/L N, 26 mg/L P, 79 mg/L oil and grease, pH 7.6. Production of 23 L/bovine ruminal content and 28 L/bovine of blood. The effluent is not readily biodegradable; however, the biological anaerobic treatment is viable means after removal of fat and rumen collected separately by a strict preliminary treatment. Before the design of the wastewater treatment plant CPP must be implemented to reduce the massive consumption of water and seek a proper and good use of available products.
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- 2009
26. Nitrogen and COD removal from tannery wastewater using biological and physicochemical treatments.
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Carolina Pire-Sierra, María, Dielui Cegarra-Badell, Diana, José Carrasquero-Ferrer, Sedolfo, Elena Angulo-Cubillan, Nancy, and Rosa Díaz-Montiel, Altamira
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BIOLOGICAL nutrient removal , *SEQUENCING batch reactor process , *OXIDATION-reduction potential , *BODIES of water - Abstract
An integrated wastewater treatment was evaluated for nitrogen and COD removal from a tannery effluent. The system was conformed by the combination of a biological treatment using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) followed by a physicochemical treatment based in a coagulation-flocculation process. The contaminants in the tannery wastewater had average concentrations of 1546 mg COD.L-1, 200 mg TKN.L-1 and 121 mg N-NH4+.L-1. The duration of a complete SBR operation cycle was 12 h. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were used to monitor biological nutrient removal process in the reactor. In addition, densities of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in the mixed liquor were evaluated during the biological treatment. During physicochemical treatment, the concentrations of FeCl3.6H2O and sour brine (agroindustrial waste used as adjuvant) were 2.7 and 100 g.L-1, respectively (doses were 60 and 5 mL.L-1, respectively). Results show the integrated treatment system was effective to produce an effluent suitable for discharge into water bodies, according to the Venezuelan environmental regulations. Average effluent concentrations were 303 mg COD L-1, 35.1 mg TN.L-1 and 0.5 mg N-NH4+.L-1, giving COD, TN and N-NH4+ removals of 80%, 82% and 99.6%, respectively. Profiles of ORP, DO and pH were efficient ways to monitor the evolution of biological nutrient removal and real-time control can be implemented in order to optimize the SBR operation. Finally, density of nitrifying bacteria was greater than density of denitrifying bacteria during biological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The use of Common Duckweed (Lemna minor) in the treatment of wastewater from the washing of sisal fiber (Furcraea bedinghausii).
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Arias, Arnol, Ramirez, Alejandra, Fernandez, Viviana, and Sanchez, Nazly E.
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- *
LEMNA minor , *SISAL (Fiber) , *WASTEWATER treatment , *PHYTOREMEDIATION , *NITROGEN in water - Abstract
The production of sisal (Furcraea Bedinghausii) represents one of the main sources of income for many families in the different regions of Colombia. In the department of Cauca, around 12,000 families currently reap the rewards of sisal cultivation. Only 4% of the sisal leaf is actually used, the remaining 96% comprising juice and bagasse. Washing the harvested sisal is a stage in the transformation process that contaminates large volumes of water. This goes on to reach a natural water source, in this case the Las Margaritas river in Silvia, Cauca. With the above concern in mind, this study puts forward an alternative solution using Common duckweed (Lemna minor). Evaluation of the efficiency of the phytoremediation process on a pilot scale was carried out through the characterization of such physicochemical parameters as BOD5, COD, TSS, nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. The variable used was hydraulic retention times (HRT), which were eight and twelve days. Results suggest that percentage removal by Lemna minor was highest with a HRT of eight days, reaching values of 79.6 % and 82.77 % for COD and BOD5 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Treatment for domestic wastewater by using aerated ponds
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Carmen Cárdenas, Tomás Perruelo, Douglas Fernández, Rafael Quero, Eduardo Chávez, Luisa Saules, and Lenín Herrera
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Aguas residuales ,Demanda bioquímica de oxígeno ,Lagunas aireadas ,Remoción ,Tratamiento biológico ,Wastewater ,biochemical oxygen demand ,aerated ponds ,removal ,biological treatment ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 - Abstract
El estudio se llevó a cabo utilizando una planta piloto de lagunas aireadas, conformada por dos sistemas A y B (cada uno integrado por tres lagunas en serie), con la finalidad de evaluar el funcionamiento, operación y control de la planta. La Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO5,20) total y soluble en la salida del sistema A fueron 20 mg/L y 6 mg/L respectivamente, muy similares a las obtenidas en el sistema B, donde los valores fueron de 15 mg/L y 5 mg/L respectivamente. Se alcanzaron los mismos niveles de remoción de la DBO tanto para el sistema A, con un tiempo de retención de 1 día en cada laguna, como para el sistema B con tiempo de retención de 2 días en cada laguna. Los porcentajes de remoción de la Demanda Química de Oxigeno (DQO) en los dos sistemasAyBfueron muy similares, 81% y 85%, respectivamente. Los resultados de las diferentes especies de nitrógeno en el efluente de los dos sistemas indicaron que el proceso de nitrificación fue eficiente. El tratamiento biológico en lagunas aireadas es eficiente para tratar este tipo de aguas residuales, puesto que con un tiempo de retención de un día, se logró una remoción del 91% de la carga orgánica, en términos de DBO, con una sola laguna.The study was undertaken using a pilot plant of aerated ponds which consists of two systems called A and B, each one with three-tank system in series in order to evaluate the performance of the plant. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5,20) and soluble biochemical oxygen demand (BODsoluble), at the outlet of the A system, were 20 mg/L and 6 mg/L, respectively, very similar to those obtained from the B system where their values were 15 mg/L and 5 mg/L, respectively, this means that they can be achieved the same removal levels for both the A system, with one-day retention time in each pond and for the B system, with two-days retention time in each pond. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) for both A and B systems were very similar, 81 and 85%, respectively. The data obtained from the different species of nitrogen at the effluent from the two systems of aerated ponds demonstrated that were an effective nitrification process. The biological treatment in aerated ponds is adequate to handle this kind of wastewater, since it is possible to get, with a single pond, a removal to 91% of the organic load in terms of BOD with one-day retention time.
- Published
- 2002
29. Mecanismos de remediación de hidrocarburos de petróleo policíclicos aromáticos utilizando microalgas y cianobacterias con vista a la bioeconomía circular
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Duarte, Inara Faria, Ribeiro, Vanessa de Souza, Santos, Magda Iasmine Guimarães Reis dos, Costa, Tarley Almeida Dias, Santana, Milena Bastos de, Oliveira, Adna Caroline Vale, Marques, Isadora Machado, Ñañez, Katerine Botero, and Moreira, Ícaro Thiago Andrade
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Biorrefinería ,Tratamiento biológico ,Contaminantes orgánicos persistentes ,Agua de producción ,Persistent organic pollutants ,Água produzida ,Biorrefinaria ,Tratamento biológico ,Biological treatment ,Produced water ,Poluentes orgânicos persistentes ,Biorefinery - Abstract
Produced water is an effluent from the oil and gas industry generated in large quantities. Its disposal without prior treatment can cause negative impacts not only to the environment but also to human health. This occurs due to the water's high salinity and composition that includes heavy metals, oil particles and chemical compounds with toxic properties. Among these compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most worrying groups. PAHs are recalcitrant, carcinogenic organic pollutants that, despite their toxicity, can be removed and degraded by microalgae and cyanobacteria through three mechanisms: phycoadsorption, phycosorption and phycodegradation. Based on the aforementioned, this review aims to provide an overview of the remediation mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by microalgae and cyanobacteria. This review takes into account the point of view of circular bioeconomy, where the biomass of microalgae and cyanobacteria is considered a potential source of essential elements for the generation of bioproducts such as biofuels and biopolymers. El agua de producción es un efluente de la industria del petróleo y gas generada en grandes cantidades. Su descarte sin el debido tratamiento previo, puede ocasionar impactos negativos no solo a el medio ambiente como también a la salud humana. Esto porque, el agua de producción además de poseer alta salinidad, está compuesta por metales pesados, partículas de petróleo y compuestos químicos con propiedades tóxicas. Dentro de estos compuestos, los hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) son uno de los grupos más preocupantes. Los HPAs son contaminantes orgánicos de naturaleza carcinogénica, recalcitrante, que, a pesar de su toxicidad, pueden ser removidos y degradados por microalgas y cianobacterias a partir de tres mecanismos: ficoadsorción, ficoabsorción y ficodegradación. Mediante lo expuesto, esta revisión tiene por objetivo proporcionar una visión general acerca de los mecanismos de remediación de los hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) por microalgas y cianobacterias. Esta revisión tiene en cuenta el punto de vista de la bioeconomía circular, donde la biomasa de microalgas y cianobacterias se considera una fuente potencial de elementos esenciales para la generación de bioproductos como biocombustibles y biopolímeros. A água produzida é um efluente da indústria de óleo e gás gerada em grandes quantidades. Seu descarte, sem o devido tratamento prévio, pode ocasionar impactos negativos não só ao meio ambiente como também à saúde humana. Isso ocorre porque a água produzida, além de possuir alta salinidade, é composta por metais pesados, partículas de óleos e compostos químicos com propriedades tóxicas. Dentre os seus componentes, os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) são um dos grupos mais preocupantes. Os HPAs são poluentes orgânicos de natureza carcinogênica, recalcitrantes, que, apesar de sua toxicidade, podem ser removidos e degradados por microalgas e cianobactérias a partir de três mecanismos: ficoadsorção, ficossorção e ficodegradação. Mediante ao exposto, esta revisão tem por objetivo fornecer uma visão geral acerca dos mecanismos de remediação dos hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) por microalgas e cianobactérias. Esta revisão leva em consideração o ponto de vista da bioeconomia circular, onde a biomassa das microalgas e cianobactérias são consideradas uma potencial fonte de elementos essenciais para geração de bioprodutos como biocombustíveis e biopolímeros.
- Published
- 2021
30. Abatacept en pacientes con artritis reumatoide y enfermedad pulmonar intersticial
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Fernández Díaz, Carlos, Blanco Alonso, Ricardo, González-Gay Mantecón, Miguel Ángel, and Universidad de Cantabria
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Rheumatology ,Medicina ,Medicine ,Interstitial lung disease ,Artritis reumatoide ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Reumatología ,Biological treatment ,Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial ,Tratamiento biológico - Abstract
RESUMEN: Estudio multicéntrico abierto retrospectivo de 263 pacientes con Artritis reumatoide y enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (AR-EPID) tratada con al menos 1 dosis de abatacept (ABA). La EPID fue diagnosticada por TACAR. Se evaluó la eficacia del tratamiento mediante las siguientes variables: a) Cambios en el Consejo de Investigación Médica Modificada (MMRC) ≥ 1; b) Mejora o empeoramiento de la capacidad vital forzada (CVF) y/o del DLCO ≥10%; c) modificaciones en el TACAR de manera cualitativa d) cambio en el DAS28, e) Dosis de prednisona media. Los valores se recogieron a los 0, 3, 6, 12 meses y después cada 12 hasta un máximo de 60 meses. Se realizó además un análisis por subgrupos para valorar la influencia del patrón pulmonar y el tratamiento combinado con FAMEs. ABA se presenta en nuestro estudio como alternativa eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de la AR-EPID independientemente del patrón de afectación. Nuestros datos sugieren que ABA con metotrexato puede ser una combinación segura y ayudar a un mayor ahorro de corticoesteroides. Estos datos deben corroborarse en ensayos clínicos. ABSTRACT: Retrospective open multicenter study of 263 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) treated with at least 1 dose of ABA. ILD was diagnosed by HRCT. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the following variables: a) Changes on Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) ≥ 1; b) Improvement or worsening of forced vital capacity (FVC) and / or DLCO ≥10%; c) qualitative HRCT modifications d) change in DAS28, e) Mean prednisone dose. Values were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12 months and then once every 12 up to a maximum of 60 months. A subgroup analysis was also performed to assess the influence of the pulmonary pattern and combined treatment with DMARDs. ABA is presented in our study as an effective and relatively safe alternative in the treatment of RA-ILD regardless of the pattern of involvement and our data suggest that ABA plus methotrexate may be a safe combination and help to sparring. These data must be corroborated in clinical trials.
- Published
- 2021
31. TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DOMÉSTICAS USANDO LA PLANTA ACUÁTICA Eichhornia crassipes.
- Author
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MENDOZA GUERRA, YOMA ISABEL, MARÍN LEAL, JULIO CÉSAR, CASTRO ECHAVEZ, FERNANDO LUIS, and BEHLING QUINTERO, ELISABETH HEDWIG
- Abstract
Phytoremediation is an environmentally efficient alternative treatment to reduce the pollution load of wastewater at low levels. In this research, the biological treatment of raw domestic sewage in microcosm provided by the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes, using semi-continuous flow with affluent renewal rates of 25, 50 and 75% was evaluated. During the tests the following parameters were monitored following standard methods: pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, orthophosphate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total and fecal coliforms,. The results show that the best removal efficiencies of organic matter (BODt 83% and COD 87%) and nutrients (ammonium 87% and orthophosphate 31%) were recorded at renewal rate of 75%. Likewise, concentrations of SST and coliform bacteria were reduced by 67 and 99% respectively. The high efficiency of organic matter removal produced a final effluent that meets the permissible limits of discharge to water bodies, established in the current Colombian law. The use of the aquatic plant E. crassipes in biological treatment systems is a viable and efficient alternative for degradation of domestic wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
32. Evaluación de la influencia de la biomasa de algas em el postratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas em lagunas de pulido
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Albuquerque, Maria Virgínia da Conceição, Silva , Maria Célia Cavalcante de Paula e, Cartaxo, Amanda da Silva Barbosa, Ramos , Railson de Oliveira, Rodrigues, Roberta Milena Moura, Sátiro, Josivaldo Rodrigues, Lopes, Wilton Silva, Leite, Valderi Duarte, and Sousa, José Tavares de
- Subjects
Tratamiento biológico ,Chlorophyll-a ,Lagunas de estabilización ,Stabilization ponds ,Lagoas de estabilização ,Tratamento biológico ,Biological treatment ,Clorofila-a - Abstract
The present study evaluated the influence of algal biomass of post-treatment of domestic sewage in different polishing ponds. For this purpose, the research was carried out at the Experimental Station for Biological Treatment of Sanitary Sewers (EXTRABES), located in the city of Campina Grande-PB, in two experimental phases. In the first phase, the experimental system consisted of four lagoons, in which two were monitored with continuous feeding (LC57 and LC45) and two with semi continuous feeding (LB57 and LB45). In the second experimental phase, the performance of three lagoons fed in batches (LBT45 and LB245), and one fed continuously (LC245) was evaluated. It was found that the determination of chlorophyll-a concentrations could provide an estimate of phytoplankton biomass, however, they were easily altered, due to variations in high light incidence, temperature, organic charge and HRT. It was observed that the digested effluent and the algae biomass from the overflow pond with 2.4-day HDT in the first phase of the study, provided a greater development of the phytoplankton community. During the second phase, the polishing ponds fed in sequential batches (LB245 and LBT45) showed higher concentrations of chlorophyll-a compared to the previous experimental phase. It was concluded that the polishing ponds fed in batch regime stood out for presenting superior removals to the ponds with continuous and semi continuous feeding, showing them as promising in the treatment of domestic sewage. In addition to obtaining excellent results, mainly in the removal of nutrients, it was possible to treat a larger amount of affluent in less time of operation. El estudio evaluó la influencia de la biomasa de algas del postratamiento de las aguas residuales domésticas en diferentes lagunas de pulido. Para ello, la investigación se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental de Tratamiento Biológico de Alcantarillados Sanitarios (EXTRABES), ubicada en la ciudad de Campina Grande-PB, en dos fases experimentales. En la primera fase, el sistema experimental consistió en cuatro lagunas, en las cuales dos fueron monitoreadas con alimentación continua (LC57 y LC45) y dos con alimentación semi continua (LB57 y LB45). En la segunda fase experimental, se evaluó el comportamiento de tres lagunas alimentadas en lotes (LBT45 y LB245) y una alimentada de forma continua (LC245). Se encontró que la determinación de las concentraciones de clorofila-a podría proporcionar una estimación de la biomasa del fitoplancton, sin embargo, se alteraron fácilmente, debido a variaciones en la alta incidencia de luz, temperatura, carga orgánica y TRH. Se observó que el efluente digerido y la biomasa de algas del estanque de desbordamiento con TDH de 2.4 días en la primera fase del estudio, proporcionaron un mayor desarrollo de la comunidad de fitoplancton. Durante la segunda fase, las lagunas de pulido alimentados en lotes secuenciales (LB245 y LBT45) mostraron concentraciones más altas de clorofila-a en comparación con la fase experimental anterior. Se concluyó que las lagunas de pulido alimentados en régimen discontinuo se destacaron por presentar extracciones superiores a los estanques con alimentación continua y semi continua, mostrándolos como promisorios en el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas. Además de obtener excelentes resultados, principalmente en la remoción de nutrientes, se logró tratar una mayor cantidad de afluentes en menos tiempo de operación. O presente estudo avaliou influência da biomassa algal no pós tratamento de esgoto doméstico em distintas lagoas de polimento. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada na Estação Experimental de Tratamento Biológico de Esgotos Sanitários (EXTRABES), localizada na cidade de Campina Grande-PB, em duas fases experimentais. Na primeira fase, o sistema experimental era constituído de quatro lagoas, na qual duas lagoas foram monitoradas com alimentação contínua (LC57 e LC45) e duas com alimentação semi contínua (LB57 e LB45). Na segunda fase experimental, foi avaliado o desempenho de três lagoas alimentadas em bateladas (LBT45 e LB245), e uma alimentada continuamente (LC245). Verificou-se que a determinação das concentrações de clorofila-a pôde proporcionar uma estimativa da biomassa fitoplanctônica, no entanto, elas foram facilmente alteradas, por variações da alta incidência luminosa, temperatura, carga orgânica e TDH. Foi observado que o efluente digerido e a biomassa de algas proveniente da lagoa de transbordo com TDH de 2,4 dias na primeira fase do estudo, propiciou um maior desenvolvimento da comunidade fitoplanctônica. Durante a segunda fase, as lagoas de polimento alimentadas em bateladas sequenciais (LB245 e LBT45) apresentaram maiores concentrações de clorofila-a em relação a fase experimental anterior. Concluiu-se que as lagoas de polimento alimentadas em regime de batelada se destacaram por apresentarem remoções superiores às lagoas com alimentação contínua e semi contínua, evidenciando-as como promissora no tratamento de esgoto doméstico. Além de obter excelentes resultados, principalmente nas remoções de nutrientes, foi possível tratar uma quantidade superior de afluente em menos tempo de operação.
- Published
- 2021
33. Diversidad de mesoinvertebrados asociados al tratamiento aeróbico de residuos sólidos orgánicos domiciliarios
- Author
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Araújo, Elaine Cristina dos Santos, Silva, Monica Maria Pereira da, Silva, Adriana Veríssimo da, Barros, Adrianne Teixeira, and Leite, Valderi Duarte
- Subjects
Resíduos Sólidos ,Biodiversity ,Medio ambiente ,Biodiversidade ,Biodiversidad ,Meio ambiente ,Environment ,Biological treatment ,Residuos sólidos ,Gestão ambiental ,Tratamiento biológico ,Tratamento biológico - Abstract
The mesoinvertebrates cause changes in the physical and chemical properties of organic matter during the composting process. They are excellent recyclers of organic matter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the density and diversity of mesoinvertebrates in an aerobic treatment system for home organic solid waste. The work carried out in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, followed the principles of experimental research. Solid organic waste was collected in 46 residences, previously segregated in the generating source. For 15 weeks the system was monitored daily. During composting, 1.258 individuals belonging to six orders were collected: Diptera (88.5%), Mesostigmata (5.5%), Coleoptera (2.4%), Isopoda (2.4%), Araneae (0.6% ) and Orthoptera (0.6%). In the composting process, three distinct phases were observed, in which the species were differentiated. It was found that during the treatment system for household solid organic waste, there is considerable participation of organisms that act in the different phases of treatment, correlating with physical-chemical changes and influencing the functioning of the entire system. Los mesoinvertebrados provocan cambios en las propiedades físicas y químicas de la materia orgánica durante el proceso de compostaje. Son excelentes recicladores de materia orgánica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la densidad y diversidad de mesoinvertebrados en un sistema de tratamiento aeróbico de residuos sólidos orgánicos domiciliarios. El trabajo realizado en Campina Grande, estado de Paraíba, Brasil, siguió los principios de la investigación experimental. Los residuos orgánicos sólidos se recolectaron en 46 residencias, previamente segregadas en la fuente generadora. Durante 15 semanas, el sistema se controló diariamente. Durante el compostaje se recolectaron 1.258 individuos pertenecientes a seis órdenes: Diptera (88.5%), Mesostigmata (5.5%), Coleoptera (2.4%), Isopoda (2.4%), Araneae (0.6%) ) y Orthoptera (0.6%). En el proceso de compostaje se observaron tres fases distintas, en las que se diferenciaron las especies. Se encontró que durante el sistema de tratamiento de residuos orgánicos sólidos domiciliarios, existe una participación considerable de organismos que actúan en las diferentes fases del tratamiento, correlacionándose con los cambios físico-químicos e influyendo en el funcionamiento de todo el sistema. Os mesoinvertebrados provocam mudanças nas propriedades físicas e químicas da matéria orgânica durante o processo de compostagem. São excelentes recicladores de matéria orgânica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade e a diversidade de mesoinvertebrados em sistema de tratamento aeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos domiciliares. O trabalho realizado em Campina Grande, estado da Paraíba, Brasil, seguiu os princípios da pesquisa experimental. Foram coletados resíduos sólidos orgânicos em 46 residências, previamente segregados na fonte geradora. Por 15 semanas o sistema foi monitorado diariamente. Durante a compostagem foram coletados 1.258 indivíduos pertencentes à seis ordens: Diptera (88,5%), Mesostigmata (5,5%), Coleoptera (2,4%), Isopoda (2,4%), Araneae (0,6%) e Orthoptera (0,6%). No processo de compostagem foram observadas três fases distintas, nas quais as espécies foram diferenciadas. Constatou-se que no sistema de tratamento dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos domiciliares, há considerável participação de organismos que atuam nas diferentes fases do tratamento, correlacionando-se com as mudanças físico-químicas e influenciando no funcionamento de todo o sistema.
- Published
- 2021
34. Diseño de una PTAR para el Condominio Campestre La Primavera y evaluación de la factibilidad de la alimentación con energía fotovoltaica
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Sánchez Sánchez, Daniel Esteban and Salazar Henao, Juan Sebastián
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Energia fotovoltaica ,Reactor de lodos activados ,Reactor of active lodos ,Tratamiento biologico ,PTAR ,Tratamiento de Agua Residual ,Photovoltaic energy ,Biological treatment ,Planta de tratamiento de Agua residual - Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación es realizar el diseño conceptual de una Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Residual (PTAR) para el Condominio la Primavera de Moniquirá. Así mismo, se plantea evaluar la factibilidad de su alimentación con energía fotovoltaica, The objective of the research is to carry out the conceptual design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for the Condominio Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for the Condominio La Primavera de Moniquirá. Moniquirá. Also, it is proposed to evaluate the feasibility of its power supply with photovoltaic energy. photovoltaic energy, Capítulo 1 Marco teórico 13 Problema de investigación 17 Objetivos 19 Metodología 20 Capítulo 2 Condiciones de la zona de estudio 21 Ubicación y contexto 21 Planta potabilizadora 22 Capítulo 3 Variables meteorológicas para el diseño 25 Brillo solar 25 Precipitación 27 Evaporación 27 Humedad relativa 28 Nubosidad 28 Temperatura 29 Presión atmosférica 30 Capítulo 4 Criterios de selección de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual 31 Caracterización del agua residual 31 Caudal de diseño 32 Cargas contaminantes 35 Selección del sistema de tratamiento 36 Pretratamiento 37 Tratamiento secundario 39 Opciones de vertimiento 42 Capítulo 5 Diseño de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual 48 Diseño del sistema de pretratamiento 48 Cribado 48 Desarenador 56 Trampa de grasas 70 Diseño del sistema de tratamiento secundario 74 Lodos activados 74 Sedimentador secundario 95 Capítulo 6 Dimensionamiento del sistema de energía solar para alimentar la PTAR del condominio campestre la primavera. 105 Instalación fotovoltaica híbrida 107 Criterios de diseño 108 Dimensionamiento del sistema fotovoltaico sin almacenamiento 108 Instalación fotovoltaica autónoma 112 Criterios de diseño 112 Dimensionamiento red con almacenamiento de energía 112 Capítulo 7 Costos de construcción civil – eléctrica 118 Ganancias instalación híbrida 120 Ganancias red con autónoma 125 Conclusiones 128 Referencias 130, Maestría, Magíster en Ingeniería Civil
- Published
- 2021
35. SISTEMA DE HUMEDALES ARTIFICIALES PARA EL CONTROL DE LA EUTROFICACIÓN DEL LAGO DEL BOSQUE DE SAN JUAN DE ARAGÓN.
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Luna-Pabello, Víctor Manuel and Aburto-Castañeda, Sergio
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- *
LAKES , *EUTROPHICATION , *ACTIVATED sludge process , *WETLANDS , *WATER purification - Abstract
The lake of Bosque de San Juan de Aragón (LBSJA, for its Spanish acronym), occupies a 12 hectare area. The lake is eutrophicated due to an activated sludge system, known as "Tlacos", that carries partially treated water into the lake and contains nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations that trigger the growth of microalgae. In this study, we describe relevant aspects of the design, construction and operational start of a treatment system based on artificial wetlands (AWs) built in the LBSJA. The AWs occupies an area of about one hectare; it was designed to purify an average of 250 m3d'' of water. The system consists of a limestone aggregate filter, a settler, a subsurface flow artificial wetland (SSFAW), a surface flow artificial wetland (SFAW), and a gabion wall filter. Water that feeds the system comes from both the conventional treatment plant of 'Tlacos" (WWTP-Tlacos) and that contained in the lake itself. Our results show an 80% reduction of contaminant content. The later represents a superior quality than that established in the environmental standards for treated water from water bodies used for recreational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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36. Evaluation of aerated lagoon modified with spongy support medium treating Kraft pulp mill effluent
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Camila Peitz, Claudia Regina Xavier, and Universidad de Antioquia
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Biochemical oxygen demand ,Chemistry ,lcsh:T ,Chemical oxygen demand ,General Engineering ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,tratamiento biológico ,lcsh:Technology ,compuestos específicos ,Kraft process ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,biodegradación ,Aerated lagoon ,Ecotoxicity ,Aeration ,Biological treatment ,biodegradation ,specific compounds ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Effluent - Abstract
The pulp industry generates high effluent flows, which contain high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), colour and ecotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment of Kraft pulp effluent by aerated lagoon modified with sponge support media (APG). It was assessed the arrangement of the support media in the aerated lagoons in the organic load rate (OLR) of 0.2 kg COD m -3 d -1 , and after that, with OLR variation from 0.2 to 1.2 kg COD m -3 d -1 . The parameters evaluated were BOD 5 , COD, colour, lignin derivatives, total phenolic compounds and acute ecotoxicity in D. magna . COD and BOD 5 removals were 32% and 88%, respectively, for free and confined support media in 0.2 kg COD m -3 d -1 . There was no colour or total phenolic compounds removal under these conditions. Considering the treatment in which there was a variation of the organic load rate, 1.2 kg COD m -3 d -1 had the best performance. In this case, 50% and 75% of COD and BOD 5 were removed , respectively. Removal of colour, total phenolic compounds and lignin derivatives were around 20%, 18% and 10%, respectively. The acute ecotoxicity was reduced to toxicity factor equal to 1 in all treatments. Comparing the aerated lagoon modified systems with those without the APG, it was suggested to apply spongy support in higher organic load rate than these typically used in aerated lagoons.
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- 2019
37. Evaluación de un modelo piloto integrado para postratamiento del efluente del RAP utilizando Spirodela sp.
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Yolanda Gamarra Hernández, Juan Forero Sarmiento, Oscar Quintero Higuera, Fredy Rueda Villamizar, and Fernanda Aguilar Acevedo
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aguas residuales ,tratamiento biológico ,remoción de nutrientes ,biological treatment ,residual water ,nutrient removal ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Los sistemas integrados de tratamiento de aguas residuales buscan la disminución de materias orgánicas y nutrientes, además de la reutilización de los subproductos generados en el proceso. Para complementar la eficiencia de remoción de nutrientes del actual tratamiento de las aguas residuales de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Bucaramanga se construyó un modelo piloto integrado con Spirodela sp., el cual fue evaluado para medir la eficiencia en remoción de nutrientes (nitrógeno y fósforo), coliformes totales y fecales, con diferentes alturas de lámina de agua; los resultados reportaron eficiencias hasta de 77.07% para nitrógeno amoniacal, 97.10% fósforo total, 98.56% coliformes fecales y 96.4% coliformes totales. Palabras clave: aguas residuales, tratamiento biológico, remoción de nutrientes.
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- 2006
38. INFLUENCIA DE LA CARGA ORGÁNICA SOBRE LA EFICIENCIA DE REACTORES RBC DE TRES ETAPAS EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE UN EFLUENTE INDUSTRIAL SINTÉTICO.
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de Calmón, Elisabeth Behling, Marín Leal, Julio César, Chirinos, Ana, Lizardo, Nancy Rincón, Andrade, Gilberto Colina, and Mesa, Johan
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BIOLOGICAL nutrient removal ,HYDRAULICS ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,NITROGEN ,WATER alkalinity ,LEGISLATION - Abstract
Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
39. NITRIFICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS EM REATORES AERÓBIOS DE LEITO FLUIDIZADO DE CIRCULAÇÃO INTERNA.
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Sánchez Ortiz, Iván Andrés, Correia, Gleyce Teixeira, Gebara, Dib, Sobrinho, Milton Dall'Aglio, and Matsumoto, Tsunao
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- *
NITROGEN removal (Sewage purification) , *BIOLOGICAL nutrient removal , *FISH culture waste , *FLUIDIZED bed reactor testing , *SAND filtration (Water purification) , *GRANULAR activated carbon , *FILTER efficiency - Abstract
This research was intended to study the efficiency of removing total nitrogen (TN) and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) in waste water of intensive and domestic fish farming, through three-phase fluidized bed aerobic reactors with circulation in concentric tubes. Several internal diameters (100; 125; and 150 mm) were used for the same external diameter of 250 mm; filter sand and granular activated carbon were used as a support medium; reactors were tested with hydraulic retention times of 11.5 minutes for R100 reactor and three hours for R125 and R150 reactors. Mean removal efficiencies of TN and TAN were as follows: 24% for R100 Reactor; 38% and 40% for R125 Reactor; and 30% and 49% for R150 Reactor, respectively. The bigger the internal diameter the better the efficiency of TAN removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
40. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE DIFERENTES TÉCNICAS ANALÍTICAS PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DE BIOMASA BACTERIANA DE CEPAS Pseudomonas putida BIODEGRADADORAS DE FENOL.
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Camacho, L. Niño and Sáenz, R. Torres
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PHENOLS & the environment ,PSEUDOMONAS putida ,DENSITOMETRY ,BIOLUMINESCENCE ,STATISTICAL correlation ,BACTERIAL growth ,BIOMASS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
41. Degradación de Efluentes Líquidos Mediante Lechos Fluidizados.
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Navarro, Agustín F. and Palladino, Luis A.
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BIODEGRADATION , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *ORGANIC compounds , *FLUIDIZED reactors , *WASTEWATER treatment , *BACTERIAL growth - Abstract
The purpose of this study is deterring efficiencies for organic matter degradation from wastewaters using a biological fluidized bed reactor. Additionally, the organic load limits and volume flow rate for the experimental setup were determined. Backfill material is activated coal with a mean diameter of 1 mm filling 38% of the total liquid column in fixed bed condition. The reactor was operated with an effluent volume flow rate between 20 and 300 ml/min and recycles between 1400 and 4800 ml/min. The input organic load varied from 74 to 571 mg/l as COD and degradation efficiency of the order of 89% was obtained. It is observed that the system presents good efficiency of the organic matter oxidation with respect to other systems for biological treatment. However, due to the constant bacterial growth, the system requires adjustment during operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. PRODUCCIÓN MÁS LIMPIA Y VIABILIDAD DE TRATAMIENTO BIOLÓGICO PARA EFLUENTES DEMATADEROS EN PEQUEÑAS LOCALIDADES Caso: Municipio de El Tambo (Colombia).
- Author
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CHAUX, GUILLERMO, ROJAS, GLORIA L., and BOLAÑOS, LINA
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SLAUGHTERING , *PLANTS , *WATER consumption , *BIODEGRADABLE products , *SEWAGE disposal plants - Abstract
Was evaluated the feasibility of biological treatment for the effluent from the slaughterhouse in the municipality of El Tambo (Cauca) and proposed the implementation of cleaner production processes (CPP) in the use of water and some byproducts generated by the plant for slaughter Conducted workshops for health inspection, flow capacities, volumetric quantification and analysis of physic-chemical byproducts that include BOD5, COD, TSS, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, fats and oils, temperature and pH. There are high water consumption: 200 liters/pork and 1800 liters/bovine (higher than the averages of the slaughterhouse of Popayán-Cauca: 100 L / pig and 500 L/bovine); values of pollution parameters: 9024 mg/L COD, 1829 mg/L BOD5, 1357 mg/L TSS, 889 mg/L N, 26 mg/L R 79 mg/L oil and grease, pH 7.6. Production of 23 L/bovine ruminal content and 28 L/bovine of blood. The effluent is not readily biodegradable; however, the biological anaerobic treatment is viable means after removal of fat and rumen collected separately by a strict preliminary treatment. Before the design of the wastewater treatment plant CPP must be implemented to reduce the massive consumption of water and seek a proper and good use of available products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
43. AUTOCHTHONOUS MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR DIESEL CONTAMINATED WATER TREATMENT FROM TOAS ISLAND HARBOR (VENEZUELA)
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Julio César Marín Leal, Ever Morales Avendaño, Sedolfo José Carrasquero Ferrer, Laugeny Díaz-Borrego, and Desiree Alejandra Alburgue Díaz
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bioaumentación ,Science ,metabolismo mixotrófico ,Biostimulation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,Organic matter ,hydrocarbons ,biological treatment ,bioaugmentation ,Kjeldahl method ,biostimulation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,degradación microbiana ,biology ,Chemical oxygen demand ,hidrocarburos ,General Engineering ,bioestimulación ,Microbial consortium ,Biodegradation ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,tratamiento biológico ,biology.organism_classification ,Chlorella ,mixotrophic metabolism ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,TA1-2040 ,microbial degradation - Abstract
RESUMEN El tratamiento biológico de aguas contaminadas, mediante consorcios microbianos autóctonos, aprovecha las potencialidades metabólicas de grupos distintos de microorganismos para degradar y/o remover una amplia variedad de compuestos. Adicionalmente, las técnicas de bioestimulación y bioaumentación contribuyen a fortalecer las capacidades de estos procesos de biodegradación. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar la utilización de un consorcio microbiano autóctono (Chlorella spp.-bacterias) para el tratamiento de aguas del puerto de Isla de Toas (Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela), contaminadas con 1 % v/v de gasoil. Para ello, se usaron dos tratamientos (T1: bioestimulado y T2: bioaumentado) y un control por 70 días, a escala de 20 L y condiciones ambientales controladas. Durante los ensayos se monitorearon: temperatura, pH, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), nitrito, nitrato, nitrógeno total Kjeldahl, nitrógeno total (N-total), ortofosfato, fósforo total (P-total), hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (HTP), fracciones de hidrocarburos (SARA), densidad microalgal y bacteriana, y pigmentos fotosintéticos, de acuerdo con los métodos estandarizados. Los valores medios para la remoción de materia orgánica (DQO), N-total y P-total, fueron: 23,3±2,3; 35,2±4,5 y 64,6±4,8 %, de 27,6±1,64; 79,8±2,05 y 87,7±1,95 %, y de 70 %), particularmente en el tratamiento bioaumentado (T2). Los consorcios microbianos autóctonos poseen gran potencial para la biorrecuperación del agua del puerto de Isla de Toas, contaminada con hidrocarburos del petróleo, por lo cual se recomienda continuar investigando sobre esta tecnología de tratamiento. ABSTRACT The biological treatment of polluted water using autochthonous microbial consortia harnesses the metabolic potential of different groups of microorganisms to degrade and/or remove a wide variety of compounds. Additionally, biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques contribute to enhancing the capabilities of these biodegradation processes. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the use of an autochthonous microbial consortium (Chlorella spp.-bacteria) to treat water at the Toas Island harbor (Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela), polluted by 1 % v/v diesel. For this, two treatments (T1: biostimulated and T2: bioaugmented) and a control were used for 70 days, at a scale of 20 L and under controlled environmental conditions. During the tests, temperature, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate, total phosphorus (TP), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), hydrocarbon fractions (SARA), microalgal and bacterial density, and photosynthetic pigments were monitored, according to standardized methods. The mean values for organic matter removal (COD), TN and TP were 23.3 ± 2.3, 35.2 ± 4.5 and 64.6 ± 4.8 % for control; 27.6 ± 1.64, 79.8 ± 2.05 and 87.7 ± 1.95 % for T1 ; and 70 %) were obtained, particularly in the bioaugmented treatment (T2). Autochthonous microbial consortia have great potential for the biorecovery of water at the Toas Island harbor, polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is advisable to continue researching into this treatment technology.
- Published
- 2017
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44. Actualización del tratamiento biológico de la agresión.
- Author
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Volavka, J., Citrome, L., and Huertas, D.
- Subjects
- *
AGGRESSION (Psychology) , *PATIENTS , *MENTAL illness , *AGITATION (Psychology) , *THERAPEUTICS , *PERSONALITY disorders - Abstract
This review is focused on aggressive behavior in adult patients with major mental disorders. Aggression, agitation, and hostility are defined. The roles of intramuscular forms of ziprasidone and olanzapine in the treatment of acute agitation and aggression are discussed. We review general considerations pertaining to persistent aggression in inpatients and outpatients, including comorbidity of major mental disorders with substance use disorders and personality disorders. The role of clozapine as an antiaggressive agent is well established, particularly in inpatients. Evidence also exists for the efficacy of risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole. Anticonvulsants and lithium are widely used with the intent to control aggression, but their efficacy lacks strong evidential support. Benzodiazepines have a role in controlling acute agitation, but their long-term use for persistent aggression is not recommended. There is evidence for antiaggressive effects of SSRIs and hormonal agents with antiandrogenic properties. Beta-adrenergic blockers and electroconvulstive treatment are rarely used in clinical practice to control aggression, but they may be effective. The heterogeneity of aggressive behavior is a challenge for developing rational treatments. Emerging genetic findings hold a promise of future treatments of aggressive behavior developed on the basis of individual patients' genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
45. Biological wastewater treatment: new control strategies
- Author
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Carlos Elvira Izurrategui, Montserrat Gil Martínez, Silvano Nájera Canal, and Javier Rico Azagra
- Subjects
Physics ,Control MISO ,Mid-ranging control ,Carbon source ,Total nitrogen ,Control de rango medio ,Biological treatment ,MISO control ,Humanities ,Tratamiento biológico ,BSM2 ,WWTP - Abstract
[Resumen] En este trabajo se estudia el tratamiento biológico en estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales mediante el Benchmark de Simulación BSM2. Se establecen como indicadores del proceso los relativos al nitrógeno total, el amonio en el efluente y los nitratos. Y como variables manipulables con mayor influencia en los anteriores indicadores: el caudal de purga, el caudal de recirculación interno, el caudal de la fuente de carbono externo, y la referencia de oxígeno disuelto en los tanques de denitrificación. Se analizan la influencia y los rangos de operación más adecuados de las anteriores variables a través de estudios estacionarios. Asimismo, se realizan análisis dinámicos para determinar el uso de variables en estrategias de control. Se propone un control dual del amonio en el efluente manipulando, en bandas de frecuencia diferentes, la recirculación y la concentración de oxígeno. Esto permite también la regulación de la concentración de oxígeno a valores deseados para favorecer la nitrificación-denitrificación o para minimizar gastos. El resto de variables manipulables se emplearían en lazos de control simples. [Abstract] In this work, the biological treatment in sewage treatment plants is studied through the BSM2 Simulation Benchmark. The indicators of the process are those related to total nitrogen, ammonium in the effluent and nitrates. And as manipulable variables with greater influence on the previous indicators: the purge flow rate, the internal recirculation flow rate, the flow rate of the external carbon source, and the dissolved oxygen reference in the denitrification tanks. The influence and the most adequate ranges of operation of the previous variables are analyzed through stationary studies. Likewise, dynamic tests are carried out to determine the use of variables in control strategies. It is proposed a dual control of the ammonium in the effluent by manipulating, in different frequency bands, the recirculation and oxygen concentration. This also allows the regulation of the oxygen concentration at desired values to favor nitrification-denitrification or to minimize costs. The rest of the manipulable variables would be used in simple control loops. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; DPI2016-77271-R Universidad de La Rioja; REGI 2018/42
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Hiriko hondakin-uren araztegiaren diseinua eta dimentsionaketa Neilan, Burgos
- Author
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Gallo Anda, Alba, De Blas Martín, Maite, E.U. INGENIERIA TECNICA DE MINAS Y OBRAS PUBLICAS, MEATZEEN ETA HERRI LANEN INGENIARITZA TEKNIKOKO U.E., Ingeniaritza Zibileko Gradua, and Grado en Ingeniería Civil
- Subjects
biztanle baliokideak ,tratamendu biologikoa ,habitantes equivalentes ,ur-linea ,wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ,línea de lodos ,tratamiento biológico ,water line ,hirikohondakin-uren araztegia (HHUA) ,lohi-linea ,línea de agua ,population equivalent ,estación depuradora de aguas residuales(EDAR) ,biological treatment ,sludge line - Abstract
XX. mendera arte biztanleria eta industria guneak sortzen zituzten isuriak txikiak zirenez ingurumen naturalen auto-arazketa prozesuak nahikoak ziren isurpenei aurre egiteko. Industria garaitik aurrera hazkuntza demografiko eta industriala dela eta uraren kalitatea eta kantitatea murriztu da. Ura lehendabiziko baliabide natural ordezkaezina izateak eta gaur egun ingurumena zaintzeko sortu den interesa batuz, biztanleria araztegien beharraz kontzientziatu da. Nukleo handi gehienen uren arazketa bermatu ondoren, plan berriek, bai arroetako, bai estatuko eta eskualdeko saneamendu planek, 2.000 biztanle baliokide baino gutxiago dituzten aglomerazioetara ekimenak bideratzen dituzte. Hori guztia dela eta, Neila (Burgos) udalerrian hiriko hondakin-uren araztegia eraikitzeren beharra dago. Burgoseko hego-ekialdean kokatzen den herri honek, Errioxaren bigarren ibai garrantzitsuenaren (Najerilla) iturburua izateaz aparte Sierra de la Demandan dagoen balio natural handiko parke naturala da. Azkenengo urteetan zehar biztanleria iraunkorra txikituz joan arren, 85 biztanle izatera helduz, asteburuetan eta oporretan zehar biztanleriak gorakada nabaria izaten du. Neilak 50ko hamarkadan eraikitako sare unitario zaharkitua dauka, sare honen eta uraren kalitatearen hobekuntza biltzearen helburutzat, herriaren ekonomiarekin bateragarria den soluzioa hurrengo atalen bidez azaltzen da: Memoria, eranskinak, planoak, baldintza tekniko berezien agiria, aurrekontua eta segurtasun eta osasun azterketa. Araudiek zehazten dituzten ur-isurien balio minimoak betetzeko aireztatze jarraian oinarritutako arazketa sistema aukeratu da. Honek lodien hesia eta torlojuzko bahe birakaria osatzen duten aurretratamenduaz, Imhoff tankeaz, aireztatze jarraian oinarritzen den erreaktore biologikoaz eta bigarren mailako dekantagailuaz osaturik dago. Lohien lineari dagokionez, egonkortutako lohiak lortzen direnez, baimendutako kudeatzaile batek araztegitik eraman arte hauen hezetasuna eta bolumena txikitzeko prentsa iragazki bat baino ez da kokatuko. Hondakin-urak herritik eraikiko den araztegirarte bideratzen dituen sarrera kolektorearen trazatua eta dimentsionalenarekin batera, araztutako ura ibaira zuzentzen duen hustubidearen trazatua ere jorratu da. Laburbilduz, isurtzen den uraren kalitatea hobetzeko helburuarekin, hiriko hondakin-uren araztegiaren diseinua eta dimentsionaketa Neilan, proiektua gradu amaierako lan moduan aurkezten da. Hasta el siglo XX. los vertidos procedentes de la población y de las zonas industriales eran asimilados por el medio receptor.Desde la industrialización, debido al aumento demográfico e industrial la calidad y cantidad de este recurso se han visto reducidas.Sumando la importancia del agua como principal recurso natural irreemplazable y el interés por la protección del medio ambiente, se ha concienciado a la sociedad de la necesidad de plantas depuradoras. Una vez garantizada la depuración de las aguas procedentes de grandes núcleos, los nuevos planes, tanto los de cuenca como los nacionales y los comarcales, orientan sus actuaciones a las poblaciones menores de 2.000 habitantes equivalentes. Por todo ello, se recomienda la construcción de una estación depuradora de aguas residuales en el municipio de Neila (Burgos). Esta localidad que se encuentra al sureste de la provincia de Burgos, aparte de ser cabeceradel segundo río más importante de La Rioja, el Najerilla,también es un parque natural de gran importancia turística y medioambiental de la Sierra de la Demanda. Aunque en los últimos años su población se ha visto reducida, llegando a tener 85habitantes, en los fines de semana y en las vacaciones sufre un considerado aumento.Neila constade una red unitaria en mal estado construida den la década de los años 50, con el fin de buscar una mejora de ésta y de los vertidos, mediante los siguientes capítulos se presenta la solución más compatible con la economía del pueblo: Memoria, anejos, planos, pliego de prescripciones técnicas, presupuesto y estudio de seguridad y salud.Con el propósito de que los vertidos cumplan las normativas necesarias se ha escogido un sistema de depuración basado en la aireación prolongada. Este sistema está compuesto por una reja de gruesos y un tamiz de tornillo como pretratamiento, un tanque Imhoff, un reactor biológico deaireación prolongaday un decantador secundario.Respecto a la línea de fangos, al conseguir lodos estabilizados, con el fin de reducir su humedad y así su volumen se instalará un filtro prensa.Para dirigir las aguas residuales procedentes del pueblo hasta la depuradora, se presentan el trazado y dimensionamiento de un colector de entrada y el trazado del colector de salida.En resumen, con el fin de mejorar la calidad del agua, se presenta el proyecto del diseño y dimensionamiento de una estación depuradora de aguas residuales en Neila, como trabajo de fin de grado. Until the XX century the pollution spilled into the nature by the industries and the population were small enough for the nature that, it was able to tackle them by self-purification. Nowadays due to the demographic and industrial unstoppable development this process does not work by itself.Water is an irreplaceable natural resource, and with the people becoming aware of protecting the environment, they are getting to know water treatment plants.Once the big cities and the places were population spills more quantity of water has their water treatment plants, the government considering municipalities with lessthan 2.000 population equivalent (p.e).Neila, a small village located on the southeast of the town of Burgos, due to its population growths especially in the weekends needs a water treatment plant. The single sanitary and storm drainnetwork that there is now installed, was built in 50 ́s decade.So, with the aim of getting better water quality, here it is a solution explained by the next documents: Memory, annex, drawing planes, sheet of technical specification, budget and healthand safety study.Following the law in force, a biological treatment by means of prolonged aeration, through a biological reactor and a secondary decantation has been selected. To finish, the sludge produced in the plant is be reduced in volume by a filter press. Then an authorized company is going to take the responsibility for managing them.In summary, in order to improve water quality on the village of Neila the designand the sizing of a water treatment plant is proposed as a final degree project.
- Published
- 2020
47. Caracterización y mejora del funcionamiento de la planta de tratamiento biológico de aguas residuales urbanas de una empresa
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Rico Magaña, Silvia
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Nitrificación ,Grado en Ingeniería Química-Grau en Enginyeria Química ,Tratamiento aguas residuales ,Reactor aerobio ,Tanque anóxico ,Vertido ,Desnitrificación ,Wastewater treatment ,Biological treatment ,Tratamiento biológico ,INGENIERIA QUIMICA - Abstract
[ES] La ausencia de colectores para transportar las aguas residuales generadas en los baños de esta empresa conllevó a que se instalara una depuradora de aireación prolongada para tratarlas y, a continuación, verterlas sobre el mismo terreno donde se encuentran sus instalaciones. Actualmente, aunque la empresa disponga de su propia depuradora, no está exenta de cumplir unos límites de vertido máximos que garanticen la calidad del agua tratada y que su impacto sobre el medio ambiente sea mínimo. Como las últimas analíticas realizadas al agua de salida por un laboratorio externo certificado no han sido correctas, se han analizado diferentes parámetros de contaminación y calidad del agua, tanto a la entrada como a la salida de la depuradora durante seis semanas para conocer como está trabajando realmente. Una vez se han detectado los problemas principales, se ha propuesto una serie de mejoras para optimizar el funcionamiento de la planta y garantizar que se cumpla la normativa de vertido., [EN] The absence of a wastewater collection system for this company was compensated by the prolonged use of an aeration treatment system to clean and then discharge the sewer water to the land on which the facilities are located. Although the company handles the full wastewater treatment cycle on its own, it is not currently exempt from complying with maximum discharge limits that guarantee the quality of the treated water and ensure minimal environmental impact. Due to previous incorrect analysis run on the outlet water by a certified external laboratory, several pollutants parameters and water quality were analyzed at both the wastewater inlet and outlet for a period of six weeks to understand the exact treatment plant performance. Following the existing system review and ongoing problems analysis, a series of improvements were proposed to optimize the plant¿s operations and ensure compliance with the local discharge regulations.
- Published
- 2020
48. Fatty liver disease prevalence and risk factors in patients with Inflamatory Bowel Disease: Impact of biological treatment on liver disease
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Dávila Armesto, Eva, Crespo García, Javier, Arias Loste, María Teresa, and Universidad de Cantabria
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Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal ,Steatosis ,Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Esteatosis ,Inflamatory Bowel Disease ,Biological treatment ,digestive system diseases ,Tratamiento biológico - Abstract
Introducción y objetivos: La enfermedad hepática por depósito de grasa (NAFLD) incluye un amplio espectro de lesiones hepáticas que abarcan desde esteatosis simple hasta la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (NASH) que puede progresar a fibrosis avanzada y cirrosis. Diferentes factores relacionados con la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (EII) podrían favorecer el desarrollo y progresión del NAFLD. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar en EII hay mayor prevalencia de NAFLD, cuáles podrían ser los factores modificadores y cuál es el efecto del tratamiento biológico en la evolución. Método: se trata de un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y observacional transversal en el que se recogieron datos clínicos y analíticos basales de 33 pacientes con EII previo al inicio de terapia biológica, y se repitieron estas dtereminaciones a los 6 meses y a los 12 meses. La esteatosis hepática se estudió mediante parámetros no invasivos: Fatty Liver Index (FLI) y Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI). La fibrosis mediante NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NAFLD-FS), Fibrosis 4 calculator (FIB-4) y Hepamet fibrosis score. El riesgo cardiovascular se evaluó mediante realización de ecografía carotídea, endoPAT y estudio de lípidos.Resultados: la prevalencia de NAFLD en los pacientes con EII, atendiendo a la presencia de esteatosis según parámetros no invasivos, resulto del 21,4% según FLI y 28,1% según HSI, similar a la descrita en población general. A excepción de un único paciente que desarrolló fibrosis avanzada al año según el Hepamet score, no hubo más casos de fibrosis significativa. El diagnóstico de NAFLD en pacientes con EII fue más frecuente entre aquellos que cumplían criterios de síndrome metabólico (50% vs 9,5%; p=0,024) y aquellos con un riesgo cardiovascular elevado (p=0,016), atendiendo a los factores clásicos (edad y sexo, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, aumento de LDL, disminución de HDL). Respecto a los factores asociados con la historia natural de la EII, encontramos que en aquellos sujetos que han presentado complicaciones asociadas a la EII como absceso, perforación, hemorragia y megacolon tóxico, la prevalencia de NAFLD era 75% frente al 12,5% en los que no las desarrollaban (p=0,022). Aunque la tendencia tras el inicio de tratamiento biológico es a disminuir la prevalencia de NAFLD de acuerdo con la puntuación FLI (21,4% basal, 17,4% a los 6 meses y 14,3 % al año), estas diferencias no alcanzaron la significación estadísticaConclusiones: la prevalencia de NAFLD en los enfermos EII en nuestra población de estudio es similar a la de la población general. Los factores asociados a su desarrollo son la presencia de síndrome metabólico y un mayor riesgo cardiovascular, así como la severidad de la EII. Aunque la tendencia es hacia una disminución en la prevalencia del NAFLD al año de iniciar la terapia biológica, estas diferencias no alcanzaron significación estadística. Son precisos estudios a más largo plazo y con un mayor número de pacientes para establecer el efecto real de estos tratamientos sobre la lesión hepática. Introduction and objectives: Liver disease due to fatty deposits (NAFLD) includes a broad spectrum of liver lesions ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can progress to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Different factors related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) could promote the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, the objective of this study is to calirify if in IBD patients have a higher prevalence of NAFLD, which could be the modifying factors and what is the effect of biological treatment on its evolution. Method: this is a prospective, longitudinal and observational cross-sectional study in which clinical and analytical data were collected from 33 patients with IBD at the beginning of biological therapy. These were repeated at 6 and 12 months. Hepatic steatosis was studied using non-invasive parameters: fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Fibrosis by NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NAFLD-FS), Fibrosis 4 calculator (FIB-4) and Hepamet fibrosis score. The cardiovascular risk was evaluated by performing a carotid ultrasound, endoPAT and lipid study.Results: the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with IBD, according to the presence of steatosis, results 21.4% measured with FLI and 28.1% with HSI, which is similar to the one in the general population. With the exception of a single patient who developed advanced fibrosis at the annual visit according to the Hepamet score, there were no more cases of significant fibrosis. The diagnosis of NAFLD in patients with IBD was more frequent in those with metabolic syndrome (50% vs 9.5%, p = 0.024), and with increased cardiovascular risk (p = 0.016) calculated with the classic factors (age and sex, smoking, hypertension, increased LDL, decreased HDL). Regarding the factors associated with the natural history of IBD, we found that the prevalence of NAFLD was 75% in patients who presented complications associated with IBD such as abscess, perforation, hemorrhage and toxic megacolon, versus 12.5% in those who did not (p = 0.022). Although the prevalence seems to diminish with the biological treatment according to FLI (21.4% basal, 17.4% at 6 months and 14.3% at 12 months), these differences were not statically significant. Conclusions: the prevalence of NAFLD in IBD patients from our study population is similar to the general population. The factors associated with its development are the presence of metabolic syndrome, an increased cardiovascular risk, and the severity of IBD. Although the trend is to decrease after a year of biological therapy, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Longer-term studies with a larger number of patients are needed to establish the real effect of these treatments on liver injury. Grado en Medicina
- Published
- 2018
49. Consorcio microbiano autóctono para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con gasoil del puerto de Isla de Toas (Venezuela)
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Díaz-Borrego, Laugeny Chiquinquirá, Marín Leal, Julio César, Alburgue Díaz, Desiree Alejandra, Carrasquero Ferrer, Sedolfo José, and Morales Avendaño, Ever Dario
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mixotrophic metabolism ,degradación microbiana ,bioaumentación ,hidrocarburos ,hydrocarbons ,biological treatment ,bioestimulación ,metabolismo mixotrófico ,bioaugmentation ,microbial degradation ,tratamiento biológico ,biostimulation - Abstract
The biological treatment of contaminated water using autochthonous microbial consortia harnesses the metabolic potential of different groups of microorganisms to degrade and/or remove a wide variety of compounds. Additionally, biostimulation and bioaumentation techniques contribute to enhance the capabilities of these biodegradation processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of an autochthonous microbial consortium (Chlorella spp.-bacteria) for the treatment of water from the Toas island harbor (Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela), contaminated with 1% v/v diesel. For this, two treatments (T1: biostimulated and T2: bioaumented) and a control for 70 days were used, at a scale of 20 L and controlled environmental conditions. During the tests, temperature, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen (N-total), orthophosphate, total phosphorus (P-total), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), hydrocarbon fractions (SARA), microalgal and bacterial density, and photosynthetic pigments were monitored, according to standardized methods. The mean values for organic matter removal (COD), N-total and P-total, were: 23.3±2.3; 35.2±4.5 and 64.6±4.8%, of 27.6±1.64; 79.8±2.05 and 87.7±1.95%, and of 70%) were obtained, particularly in the bioaumented treatment (T2). The autochthonous microbial consortia have great potential for the bio-recovery of water from the Toas island harbor, contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, which is why it is recommended to continue investigating this treatment technology. El tratamiento biológico de aguas contaminadas mediante consorcios microbianos autóctonos, aprovecha las potencialidades metabólicas de grupos distintos de microorganismos para degradar y/o remover una amplia variedad de compuestos. Adicionalmente, las técnicas de bioestimulación y bioaumentación contribuyen a potenciar las capacidades de estos procesos de biodegradación. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar la utilización de un consorcio microbiano autóctono (Chlorella spp.-bacterias) para el tratamiento de aguas del puerto de Isla de Toas (Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela), contaminadas con 1% v/v de gasoil. Para ello, se usaron dos tratamientos (T1: bioestimulado y T2: bioaumentado) y un control por 70 días, a escala de 20 L y condiciones ambientales controladas. Durante los ensayos se monitorearon: temperatura, pH, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), nitrito, nitrato, nitrógeno total Kjeldahl, nitrógeno total (N-total), ortofosfato, fósforo total (P-total), hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (HTP), fracciones de hidrocarburos (SARA), densidad microalgal y bacteriana, y pigmentos fotosintéticos, de acuerdo con los métodos estandarizados. Los valores medios para la remoción de materia orgánica (DQO), N-total y P-total, fueron: 23,3±2,3; 35,2±4,5 y 64,6±4,8%, de 27,6±1,64; 79,8±2,05 y 87,7±1,95%, y de 70%), particularmente en el tratamiento bioaumentado (T2). Los consorcios microbianos autóctonos poseen gran potencial para la biorrecuperación del agua del puerto de Isla de Toas, contaminada con hidrocarburos del petróleo, por lo cual se recomienda continuar investigando sobre esta tecnología de tratamiento.
- Published
- 2017
50. Diversidad microbiológica del lodo anaerobio durante el tratamiento de aguas de producción petroleras venezolanas
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Behling Elisabeth, Araujo Ismenia, Marín L. Julio César, Rincón Nancy, Colina Gilberto, and Cajacuri María Patricia
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reactor UASB ,aguas de producción petrolera ,anaerobic sludge ,industrial wastewater ,oilfield produced waters ,bacterias anaerobias ,UASB reactor ,biological treatment ,tratamiento biológico ,anaerobic bacteria ,aguas residuales industriales ,lodo anaerobio - Abstract
ResumenEn esta investigación se compararon las abundancias microbianas presentes en el lodo granular de dos reactores anaerobios de manto de lodo con flujo ascendente (UASB): el primero alimentado con aguas de producción de petróleo liviano (31.1−39.0°API), provenientes de la región zuliana (Venezuela) (APP) y el segundo con glucosa. En tal sentido, se monitorearon las poblaciones de bacterias fermentadoras de glucosa (BFG), bacterias acetogénicas (BAC), metanógenos (MET), bacterias sulfato-reductoras (BSR), bacterias nitrato-reductoras (BNR) y heterótrofos, usando medios de cultivo selectivos. La densidad de los grupos microbianos estuvo correlacionada con los parámetros fisicoquímicos: pH, alcalinidad total, DQO, SO4=, NO3−, así como con los porcentajes de CH4, CO2 y de N2 en el biogás. Los resultados exhiben diferencias significativas entre la diversidad microbiana de ambos reactores, con una proporción de BFG > BSR > MET > BAC > BNR para el reactor con glucosa y de MET > BNR > BAC > BSR > BFG para las APP. La abundancia de bacterias en el reactor con glucosa estuvo en el orden de 108, mientras queen el reactor con APP fue de 105, lo cual resulta de la composición orgánica y mineral de los afluentes. Los resultados presentados en este estudio aportan evidencias sobre la dinámica poblacional en lodos de reactores anaerobios UASB, durante el tratamiento de aguas de producción petrolera.AbstractIn the present investigation the microbial abundances in the granular sludge of two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB) were compared: the first one fed with production waters of light oil (31.1−39.0° API), from the zuliana region (Venezuela) (APP) and the second one with glucose. To this respect, the populations of glucose fermenting bacteria (BFG), acetogenic bacteria (BAC), metanogens (MET), sulfate-reducing bacteria (BSR), nitrate-reducing bacteria (BNR) and heterotrophic bacteria were monitored, using selective culture media. The microbial density was correlated with physicochemical parameters: pH, total alkalinity, COD, SO4=, NO3−, as well as with the percentages of CH4, CO2 and N2 in the biogas. The results exhibit significant differences between the microbial diversity of both reactors, with a proportion of BFG > BSR > MET > BAC > BNR for the glucose reactor and of MET > BNR > BAC > BSR > BFG for the APP. The abundance of bacteria in the glucose reactor was in the order of 108, whereas in the APP reactor was of 105, which ensues from the organic and mineral composition of effluents. The results presented in this study reach evidences on the population dynamics in sludge of UASB reactors, during the treatment of oilfield produced waters.
- Published
- 2013
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