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U zadnjih nekoliko desetljeća sve se više radi na istraživanju i uvođenju u uzgoj samoniklih i zaštićenih biljnih vrsta. Primjenom ovih vrsta u gradskim krajobrazima doprinosi se očuvanju biološke i krajobrazne raznolikosti. U nas još vlada trend nedovoljnog uzgoja ovih vrsta. Stoga je i cilj ovog rada bio, putem anketnog istraživanja istražiti percepciju i stavove ispitanika o ukrasnim karakteristikama i primjeni odabranih zaštićenih biljnih vrsta koje rastu na hrvatskom kršu (Por. Caryophyllaceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae i Ranunculaceae). Kroz opći dio rada obrađuje se uvođenje novih vrsta u ukrasnu hortikulturu s naglaskom na zaštićene biljne vrste, kao i opisi odabranih potonjih vrsta s bioekološkog i zaštitarskog aspekta. Kao izvor primarnih podataka provedeno je anketno ispitivanje, u drugoj polovici 2019. godine. Rezultati pokazuju da ispitanici ukrasne karakteristike i primjenu odabranih vrsta uglavnom vrednuju s ocjenom dobar. Prosječne ocjene po vrstama su donekle približne promatrajući ukrasne karakteristike i primjenu. Razlog tome je kontinuirana uporaba alohtonih vrsta tijekom posljednjih decenija. Postoje i izuzetci u pogledu ukrasnih karakteristika i primjene kojima su dodijeljene vrlo dobre ocjene: zvjezdasti ljiljan, vele cvjetni kukurijek i velika šumarica. Način održavanja gore navedenih vrsta u uzgoju ispitanici percipiraju kao osrednje težak. Ovi preliminarni rezultati mogu se koristiti prilikom uvođenja novih vrsta u ukrasnu hortikulturu.

Maquis and garrigue are the most common degradation stages of Holm oak forests in Croatia. Disorganized and uncontrolled cutting degrades forests and changes their microclimates. Measurements were conducted in a Holm oak forest in the maquis and garrigue degradation stages, and in an Aleppo pine forest with Holm oak. The highest variations of microclimate elements were measured in the degradation stages of Holm oak. The average air and soil temperatures, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration were highest in the garrigue stage and lowest in the maquis stage. The average volumetric soil water content was highest in the maquis stage (14.28%) and lowest in the garrigue stage (9.46%). The dry season water deficit was highest in the garrigue stage (-73.95 mm) and lowest in the maquis (-60.38 mm). Microclimate conditions in the garrigue degradation stage are less favorable for the growth and development of Holm oak than in high forest stands. The average values of microclimate elements in the Aleppo pine forest stand with Holm oak were within the average range of the microclimate elements of garrigue and maquis., Hrast crnika (Quercus ilex L.) je temeljna autohtona šumska vrsta eumediteranskog područja Hrvatske. Hrast crnika pridolazi u svim uzgojnim oblicima i degradacijskim stadijima, a makije i garizi su najčešći degradacijski stadiji crnikovih šuma. Nekontroliranim sječama sastojina sjemenjača i njihovim prevođenjem u degradacijske stadije, mijenjamo mikroklimu određene sastojine. Mikroklimatska istraživanja obavljena su na području otoka Mljeta. Mjerenja su obavljena u šumi hrasta crnike, u degradacijskim stadijima makija i garig te u šumi alepskog bora s hrastom crnikom. Tijekom dvije godine mjerena je temperatura zraka (°C), temperatura tla (°C), oborine (mm), relativna vlaga zraka (%) te volumetrijska vlaga tla (%). Potencijalna evapotranspiracija je izračunata prema metodi Blanea i Criddle. Vodni deficit tijekom sušnog perioda izračunat je kao razlika mjesečne količine oborine (mm) i potencijalne evapotranspiracije (mm). Najveća kolebanja mikroklimatskih elemenata su izmjerena u degradacijskim stadijima hrasta crnike. Najveća apsolutna maksimalna temperatura zraka izmjerena je u stadiju garig, a najveća minimalna u stadiju makije.Prosječne vrijednosti temperatura zraka i tla, oborine i potencijalne evapotranspiracije su bile najveće u stadiju gariga, a najmanje u stadiju makije. Prosječna vrijednost relativne vlage zraka je imala najveću vrijednost u visokoj šumi hrasta crnike. Prosječna volumetrijska vlaga tla je bila najveća u makiji (14,28 %), a najmanja u stadiju gariga (9,46 %). Vodni deficit u sušnom peridou bio je najveći u stadiju gariga (-73,95 mm), a najmanji u stadiju makije (-60,38 mm). Mikroklimatske prilike u degradacijskom stadiju gariga su nepovoljne za rast i razvoj hrasta crnike u odnosu na mikroklimatske prilike u sastojini visokog uzgojnog oblika. Prosječne vrijednosti mikroklimatskih elemenata u sastojini alepskog bora s hrastom crnikom bile su između prosječnih vrijednosti mikroklimatskih elemenata sastojine gariga i makije. Analiza ovih podataka mikroklime služi boljem poznavanju ekoloških prilika šumskih staništa.

Stočarska proizvodnja na našim krškim pašnjacima orijentirana je na ovčarsto, a u novije vrijeme i na pčelarsku proizvodnju. Porodica Fabaceae igra značajnu ulogu za navedene gospodarske grane. Kod gospodarenja mediteranskih pašnjaka najbolji rezultati su dobiveni ako se pravilna ispaša kombinira s gnojidbom. Na Mediteranu može biti vrlo vrijedna i pčelinja paša. Colutea arborescens - pucavac je samonikla trajnica porijeklom s Mediterana. To je listopadni grm visok od 2 do 4 metra s vitkim i uspravnim izbojcima. Ova leguminoza pokazuje učinkovitost u rastu novih izboja nakon rezidbe te ima veliku važnost u zaštiti tla od erozije vodom, a dobra je i za pošumljavanja područja nakon požara. Sjeme joj klija u roku od 1 do 2 tjedna i klijanci brzo rastu. Pucavac se može razmnožavati i reznicama. U radu su prikazane biološke, ekološke i gospodarske vrijednosti navedene vrste., Animal husbandry on Croatian karst pastures primarily focuses on sheep husbandry and more recently on beekeeping. The Fabaceae family plays an important role in the above mentioned economic branches. This is the third highest ranked family according to species abundance (18,000 described species). The stems of specific species from this family can be ligneous (woody), herbaceous, or twining. Various interventions are required in order to increase their amounts on pastures, including the use of fertilisers, primarily through the use of phosphate fertilisers, sowing, planting (particularly the ligneous species), and field burning. In most cases, the best results are achieved when proper grazing is combined with fertilisers. The Colutea genus consists of around 26 species of deciduous shrubs or small trees, with a distribution range from the Mediterranean region and Southeast Europe to Northwest Africa and the Western Himalayas. C. Arborescens – Bladder Senna is a wild perennial plant that originates from the Mediterranean. Its closest kin is the Greek Bladder Senna (Colutea cilica). The Colutea genus contains various shrubs, and they were given their common name because of their large puffy fruits. The largest quantities of this plant can be found in Southern and Central Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa. Bladder Senna (Colutea arborescens L.) is a deciduous shrub between 2 and 4 metres high with slender and straight shoots. Its few flowers (butterfly-shaped) are yellow and are located in the axils of the leaves grouped into clusters. It blooms during the period from May to August. The fruit includes up to 30 bladder-like hard greyish-black seeds. It grows on degraded stony soils, pastures, coppices, and on forest edges. For the nursery production of plants, the Bladder Senna seeds are stratified and sown in spring. They germinate within 1 to 2 weeks and the seedlings grow fast. Bladder Senna may also be propagated by cuttings. Summer (green) cuttings need to treated with IBA. This leguminous plant shows great effectiveness in the growth of new sprouts after cutting, its importance is immense in the protection of soil against erosion by water, and it is also useful for afforestation after a forest fire. In ecological animal husbandry, Bladder Senna can be used as an alternative fodder and hence wild plants can be protected, primarily in locations where the natural vegetation is quickly destroyed. It is a melliferous species. Scarcely any research has been completed concerning the use of Bladder Senna in forest melioration, both in Croatia and at the global level. Various technologies can be used and modified in accordance with related herbaceous and woody species from the family of leguminous plants. This survey presents the biological, ecological, and economic values of the species in question.

Degradation of forest sites on the island of Rab goes back several hundred years. The causes include in the first place negative anthropogenic impacts, followed by climatic conditions that are hostile to natural regeneration of climatozonal vegetation. In a part of the island, devastation has led to the disappearance of forests or the preservation of only degraded forms of the basic autochthonous forest vegetation, the forest of holm oak and manna ash (Fraxino orni‐Quercetum ilicis H‐ic/1956/1958). The beginning of the twentieth century saw intensive reforestation activities aimed at halting site degradation processes. The main task of the pines was to create site conditions for the return of climatozonal vegetation. The paper examines the correlation between pine cultures and the return of autochthonous vegetation. Differences were found among forest cultures of maritime (Pinus pinaster Aiton), black (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold) and Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis L.). Moreover, the results confirm th...

The paper investigates the ameliorative properties of pine cultures in their site conditions on the island of Rab. Pines, as allochthonous and pioneer species, were used to afforest degraded and devastated areas on the island because of their important role in the process of progressive vegetation succession. Twelve sample plots were established in the forest pine cultures. They encompassed various pine cultures (maritime pine, Aleppo pine and black pine) in diverse parent substrates (limestone, reddish-brown quartz sand, Flysch) and different soil types (eutric cambisol, cambisol on limestone, red soil and rendzina). To process the data, the following multivariate analyses were used: Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Indicator Species Analysis. The research results showed differences among the forest cultures of black pine, Aleppo pine and maritime pine. A relationship was found between the quantitative environmental variables (slope, pH, humus, the C/N ratio, age and the quantity of leaf litter) and the vegetation. As well as the relationship of the species towards qualitative variables (type of pine culture, parent substrate, soil type, exposition).

In this paper, we investigate the natural regeneration of Aleppo pine stand after forest fire. A permanent experimental plot was established on a burnt area in 2001 (forest fire in 1999), and the dynamics of the natural regeneration was monitored during five years (2001-2005). The appearance of young growth was monitored by species composition, abundance and height classes of the plants. The impact of the intervention works after fire was also evaluated. Soil samples from the experimental plot were analyzed to establish chemical and mechanical properties of the soil. Results suggest natural, aggressive, almost weed-like spread and regeneration of Aleppo pine plants over the burnt area. Six years after the forest fire the young plants of Aleppo pine with their height had overgrown the burnt material and with 103 563 plants per ha (10.3 plants/m2) completely covered the burnt area. This experiment implies the need for different way of intervention works after the forest fires in the Aleppo pine stands. Unnecessary and expensive gathering of burnt material into the strips should be avoided. Strips of burnt material formed in this way are very slowly decomposing given the climatic conditions of the Mediterranean area. Moreover, they contribute to the constant danger of forest fire and degrade the landscape aesthetically. The suggested way for sanation of burnt areas is chipping of burnt material with chain saw, and laying it on the ground. Soil moisture and microclimatic conditions of the young Aleppo pine stand will accelerate the development of micro-organisms, decomposition of the burnt material and the process of humification. The Aleppo pine, as a pioneering tree species in the eu-Mediterranean area, has an important and irreplaceable role in restoring devastated green areas, as well as in the preparation of site conditions for the accession of autochthonous vegetation and the basic species for this region, which is the Holm oak.