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Buglossoporus pulvinus is widely distributed across Europe, within the range of Quercus robur. Throughout the area in which it appears, it is rare or very rare. It is listed as an endangered species in Europe and has been added to the Red Lists of fungi in a number of countries, along with awaiting inclusion in the IUCN Red List. In this study we have critically analysed the existing data about the occurrence of B. pulvinus in Poland. We have presented two new localities of the species in question in Poland, as well as new occurrences on the territory of the Białowieża National Park, the only place where this species had been previously recorded in Poland. Selected trees and logs inhabited by B. pulvinus have been characterized. We have indicated the number of observed basidiomata, their phenology, and the sizes of the largest specimens. We have identified 8 fungus species (Bisporella citrina, Daedalea quercina, Hapalopilus croceus, Hymenochaete rubiginosa, Laetiporus sulphureus, Mycena galericulata, M. inclinata, Xylobolus frustulatus) that coexist with B. pulvinus. Based on the new distribution data for B. pulvinus in Poland, according to IUCN Red List criteria this species should be classified as Endangered (EN).

This work aimed to present the diversity of fungal species in the Poznań- Radojewo park. It was characterized based on literature data, unpublished master’s theses, the authors’ data, as well as data collected during two mycological trips organized by the Mycological Section of the Polish Botanical Society. Between 1980 and 2017, as many as 333 species of macromycetes have been found within the park in Poznań-Radojewo (among them 19% are rare and endangered), including eight protected species (Mitrophora semilibera, Morchella esculenta (var. esculenta and var. umbrina), Geastrum corollinum, G. fornicatum, Hericium coralloides, and Myriostoma coliforme), as well as two species new to the Polish mycobiota: Psathyrella bipellis and P. larga. The park in Poznań-Radojewo is very important for maintaining a high species diversity of fungi within the city of Poznań. During revitalization works, it is of paramount importance to take the needs of rare, threatened, and protected species under consideration and to preserve the natural character of plant communities. It is also vital to ensure the presence of coarse woody debris at different decomposition phases, which serves as an important substratum type for rare fungi.

The Wielkopolski National Park is located in western Poland, near Poznań City. Its unique postglacial landforms are covered with various (semi)natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. The mycobiota of this Park has been studied for 90 years; however, current state knowledge is still insufficient. In 2018, a few-year- long project on the chorology, richness, and diversity of fungal biota of this area was started. In the first year, 312 taxa of macromycetes were found. Among them, 140 taxa were new for the biota of the Wielkopolski National Park. Five species (Botryobasidium robustius, Hebeloma subtortum, Leccinum brunneogriseolum, Pachyella violaceonigra, and Sistotrema athelioides) were new for Poland, and 26 taxa were new for the Wielkopolska region.

The Bieszczady Mts, a mountain range in SE Poland, is a hot spot of fungal richness and diversity in Poland. This paper summarizes 5 years of studies in the Bieszczady Mts, as well as previously published research. A total of 1,377 macromycetes taxa were found, including many (464) which were protected, red-listed, or very rare in Poland. Thirty-eight taxa (nine Ascomycota and 29 Basidiomycota) have been reported in Poland for the first time: Agrocybe gibberosa, Auriporia aurulenta, Bolbitius variicolor, Bulgariella pulla, Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma, Clitocybe subspadicea, Clitopilus passeckerianus, Cortinarius anomalus var. subcaligatus, C. fervidus, C. flexipes var. inolens, C. sylvae-norvegicae, Cudoniella tenuispora, Entoloma bisporigerum, E. olorinum, E. poliopus var. parvisporigerum, E. sericeoides, Galerina caulocystidiata, Gymnopilus josserandii, Hymenoscyphus subferrugineus, Hypholoma olivaceotinctum, Inocybe queletii, Laccaria altaica, Lactarius romagnesii, L. rostratus, Mycena epipterygia var. atroviscosa, M. epipterygia var. candida, M. polygramma f. candida, Octavianina lutea, O. mutabilis, Pachyella violaceonigra, Panaeolus papilionaceus var. capitatocystis, Phaeocollybia jennyae, Psathyrella almerensis, Pyrenopeziza inornata, Scutellinia torrentis, Tricholoma basirubens, Tricholomopsis flammula, and Vibrissea decolorans. For all new taxa, short descriptions based on the collected material have been provided.

Continuation of the mycological study of the fire-damaged pine forest in Kampinos National Park in central Poland in 2017 produced interesting new findings. Among the taxa collected, 36 were new to the park, six had not been hitherto reported from Poland (Calycellina araneocincta, Ciliolarina aff. laetifica, Clitocybe metachroides, Galerina cerina f. longicystis, Parasola cuniculorum, Pleonectria pinicola), and the previous status of one taxon (Pleonectria cucurbitula) had been uncertain. Short descriptions based on collected specimens have been prepared for all taxa new to Poland. The current number of taxa of macromycetes identified in Kampinos National Park has reached 1,604.

Microstoma protracta (Fr.) Kanouse is a strictly protected species in Poland, which is also present on the red list with the category R (rare). In Poland, there are five known localities for the species, including four historical sites discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century and one contemporary site discovered at the end of the twentieth century. In this paper, we present two new localities for M. protracta, discovered in April 2006 in Czeszewo (Wielkopolska Lowland, Jarocin Forest District) and in April 2017 in Krakow-Tyniec (Krakow-Częstochowa Upland, Myślenice Forest District). Sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions of sporocarps from contemporary localities have been deposited in the GenBank database. This is the first record of the DNA barcode for this species. According to Criterion D of the IUCN recommendations, it has been suggested that M. protracta should be considered as a critically endangered species (CR: D) in Poland.

The paper presents 32 species of macrofungi new to the Kampinos National Park, found during the studies on fire-damaged areas after the forest fires in 2015. Three species new to Poland were described and illustrated (Calycellina leucella, Exobasidium juelianum, and Gymnopilus decipiens). Four species from Polish red list of macrofungi have been recorded in the Kampinos National Park for the first time: Botryobasidium vagum (R), Geastrum coronatum (V), Helicogloea farinacea (E), Inonotus cuticularis (R). During the current studies 17 pyrophilous species new to the Kampinos National Park were found.

The paper presents a list of 19 coprinoid fungi, found in Poland, which have not been reported earlier from this area: Coprinellus bisporiger, C. dilectus, C. heterothrix, C. radicellus, Coprinopsis annulopora, C. bellulus, C. candidolanata, C. cinereofloccosa, C. coniophora, C. goudensis, C. idae, C. iocularis, C. krieglsteineri, C. pachyderma, C. phlyctidospora, C. rugosobispora, C. scobicola, C. spilospora, Coprinus palmeranus. Illustrations and short descriptions of the species, based on the specimens examined and literature data, are given.

In 2010, 16 macrofungi species were found in greenhouses of the Botanical Garden in Warsaw-Powsin. These included 8 species of lepiotaceous fungi and a few species known from warmer areas. For 3 species identified, which are new to Poland (Agaricus subrufescens, Leucocoprinus heinemannii, Marasmius teplicensis), a description is given, with drawings of their microscopic features and photographs. Species composition of macrofungi is compared in 5 complexes of greenhouses (Bayreuth, Graz, Jena, Paskov, Warsaw) in 4 countries from Central Europe. The total number of species in these 5 studies is 206, including 27 (13.2%) lepiotaceous fungi. The smallest number of species identified was in Warsaw (16). More than twice this number was recorded in Jena (33) and Graz (34), while the richest fungal biotas were in Bayreuth (79) and Paskov (88). Of the 16 species found in Warsaw, 8 were also found in other greenhouses. In the group of 33 species recorded in at least two complexes of greenhouses, the most abundant were the lepiotaceous fungi (39.4%) and mycenaceous fungi (15.1%). Leucocoprinus cepistipes and L. straminellus were recorded most often, in 4 of the 5 studied greenhouse complexes. CCA analysis demonstrated that the highest impact on species diversity is the area of greenhouses.

This study (conducted in western Poland) was aimed at recognizing the importance of straw heaps (SH) and manure heaps (MH) located in cultivated fields for fungal diversity in farmland. Fungi (24 species and 1 sterile form) were found in 19.1% of SH (N = 89) and 60.4% of MH (N = 169). The estimated species richness (Chao2) was 29.8 ± 12.7 and 18.1 ± 2.5 (SD), respectively. Species composition of fungal communities differed significantly between SH and MH. The studied ephemeral habitats contributed markedly to fungal diversity, both locally and on the national scale. The occurrence of fungi in SH was significantly positively related to heap size, while fungal species number in MH depended most strongly on the degree of shielding, linked with proximity of woods or shelterbelts. The results show that both the reduction of SH and MH numbers in farmlands (required by the Nitrates Directive) and landscape simplification are unfavorable for fungal diversity.

The paper presents a list of fifty-five coprinoid fungi found in Poland, which have been not reported earlier from this area (28 species) or are known only from few localities. Four species new to Poland collected in Bieszczady Mts and mentioned, without descriptions, in earlier papers, were also included and described in this publication. For the species new to Poland, illustrations and short descriptions based on the specimens examined and literature data, are given.

The paper presents information about Xylaria oxyacanthae Tul. & C. Tul., a new species for Poland. The fungus was for the first time found in the mid-field shelterbelt near Turew village and in the city park in Kraków.

The paper presents 47 fungi species belonging to the genera Cystolepiota, Echinoderma, Lepiota, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Macrolepiota and Melanophyllum, found in Poland, which have been not reported earlier from this area (18 species: Cystolepiota fumosifolia, C. moelleri, C. petasiformis, Echinoderma carinii, E. pseudoasperula, Lepiota angustispora, L. apatelia, L. cingulum, L. cortinarius var. audreae, L. cristata var. felinoides, L. forquignonii, L. rubella, Leucoagaricus cinerascenss, L. ionidicolor, L. sericifer var. sericellatus, Macrolepiota heimii, M. rhodosperma var. rhodosperma, M. venenata) or have been known only from a few localities. For the species new to Poland short descriptions, based on the specimens examined and literature data, are given and their micromorphological characters are illustrated.

The paper presents the last part of the results of the short-term inventory of fungi species in the Biebrza National Park and synthesises all the data gathered during two surveys, including the information published by other authors. The main body of research is focused on a survey of macrofungi identified with morphology-based methods. In case of some specimens molecular technics have been applied. In total 346 macrofungal taxa (21 belonging to ascomycetes and 325 to basidiomycetes) were found during the survey, including 186 species unobserved during the previous inventory in 2012. As a result of previous and ongoing studies, the current number of macrofungi recorded from the Biebrza National Park reached 508 species. Among them eight taxa are newly reported for Poland (Conocybe velutipes var. nitrophila, Entoloma caeruleum, E. plebejoides, Inocybe rennyi, I. vulpinella, Pholiota pityrodes, Pholiotina utricystidiata, and Tomentella pilosa). The next seven species (Bovista paludosa, Fistulina hepatica, Ganoderma lucidum, Geastrum schmidelii, Inonotus obliquus, Tulostoma kotlabae, and Xerocomus parasiticus) are protected by law and 95 species belong to red-listed species. The results of two intensive, but relatively short-term survey clearly indicate the Biebrza National Park as a hot spot of macrofungi and suggest the need to undertake extended and regular inventories also in other Polish national parks.

Aim. To assess the usefulness of a DNA-based method for identifying mushroom species for application in forensic laboratory practice. METHODS. Two hundred twenty-one samples of clinical forensic material (dried mushrooms, food remains, stomach contents, feces, etc) were analyzed. ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was sequenced and the sequen-ces were compared with reference sequences collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information gene bank (GenBank). Sporological identification of mushrooms was also performed for 57 samples of clinical material. RESULTS. Of 221 samples, positive sequencing results were obtained for 152 (69%). The highest percentage of positive results was obtained for samples of dried mushrooms (96%) and food remains (91%). Comparison with GenBank sequences enabled identification of all samples at least at the genus level. Most samples (90%) were identified at the level of species or a group of closely related species. Sporological and molecular identification were consistent at the level of species or genus for 30% of analyzed samples. CONCLUSION. Molecular analysis identified a larger number of species than sporological method. It proved to be suitable for analysis of evidential material (dried hallucinogenic mushrooms) in forensic genetic laboratories as well as to complement classical methods in the analysis of clinical material. Language: en