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Aim: The aim of this study was to use Ascophyllum nodosum for potentially increasing the growth and rhizobial diversity in nodulating rhizobia in Vigna aconitifolia. Methodology: Different concentrations of Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.50%) were applied via foliar spray and on roots of Vigna aconitifolia. Growth characteristics and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis were conducted to detect the morphological and molecular changes in rhizobial diversity. The restriction profiles thus obtained were used to study the rhizobial communities via Cluster analysis and Dendrogram using NTSYS-PC program and UPGMA constructed. Results: Roots treated with 0.05% Ascophyllum nodosum extract showed best growth of plants. This concentration not only proved best for the aggregation of nodules but also for obtaining enormous rhizobial diversity. Interpretation: Ascophyllum nodosum is a modern, cheap, non-toxic natural biofertilizer and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis represents a favorable alternative to culture dependent method for assessing rhizobial diversity in nodulating bacteria.

Background Dietary supplementation with a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), possessing an in vitro anti-Salmonella Typhimurium activity could be a promising on-farm strategy to control Salmonella infection in pigs. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the anti-S. Typhimurium activity of ANE (containing 46.6% fucoidan, 18.6% laminarin, 10.7% mannitol, 4.6% alginate) in vitro, and; 2) compare the effects of dietary supplementation with ANE and Zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, Salmonella shedding and selected gut parameters in naturally infected pigs. This was established post-weaning (newly weaned pig experiment) and following regrouping of post-weaned pigs and experimental re-infection with S. Typhimurium (challenge experiment). Results In the in vitro assay, increasing ANE concentrations led to a linear reduction in S. Typhimurium counts (P Salmonella counts on d 21 compared to the low ANE and control groups (P Salmonella shedding or colonic and caecal Salmonella counts (P > 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. Enterobacteriaceae counts were also reduced in the ZnO-residual group compared to the control (P P Conclusions ANE supplementation was associated with some beneficial changes in the composition of the colonic microbiota, Salmonella shedding, and the expression of inflammatory genes associated with persistent Salmonella infection.

The fertilizers that are derived from seaweed are known as Seaweed Liquid Fertilizers (SLF). SLF is a modern, cheap, non-toxic, and natural bioactive fertilizer. Among different studied seaweeds, Ascophyllum nodosum is significant as having bioactive ingredients that potentially regulate the molecular, physiological, and biochemical processes of crop plants. In the present study, the effects of the application of different concentrations (0.00%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.50%, and 1.00%) of A. nodosum Extract (ANE) to the Vigna aconitifolia through roots (Pot Root Application, PRA) and on the leaves (Pot Foliar Application, PFA) were monitored via the plant growth. The lower concentrations of ANE in both the PRA and PFA experiments showed positive growth on V. aconitifolia. The 0.10% ANE stimulated the maximum shoot growth when applied through the roots, while 0.05% ANE in both PFA and PRA experiments led to an increase in the number of pods, nodules, organic content, and moisture percentage. The 0.10% ANE also increased the leaf numbers, leaf area, and photosynthetic pigments. Hence, the application of 0.05% and 0.10% of A. nodosum extract in two ways (i.e., Pot Foliar Application, PFA, and Pot Root Application, PRA) ameliorated the growth capabilities of V. aconitifolia.

Intensive agricultural production utilizes large amounts of nitrogen (N) mineral fertilizers that are applied to the soil to secure high crop yields. Unfortunately, up to 65% of this N fertilizer is not taken up by crops and is lost to the environment. To compensate these issues, growers usually apply more fertilizer than crops actually need, contributing significantly to N pollution and to GHG emissions. In order to combat the need for such large N inputs, a better understanding of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and agronomic solutions that increase NUE within crops is required. The application of biostimulants derived from extracts of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum has long been accepted by growers as a sustainable crop production input. However, little is known on how Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANEs) can influence mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in crops to allow reduced N application. In this work, a significant increase in nitrate accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana 6 days after applying the novel proprietary biostimulant PSI-362 was observed. Follow-up studies in barley crops revealed that PSI-362 increases NUE by 29.85–60.26% under 75% N input in multi-year field trials. When PSI-362 was incorporated as a coating to the granular N fertilizer calcium ammonium nitrate and applied to barley crop, a coordinated stimulation of N uptake and assimilation markers was observed. A key indicator of biostimulant performance was increased nitrate content in barley shoot tissue 22 days after N fertilizer application (+17.9–72.2%), that was associated with gene upregulation of root nitrate transporters (NRT1.1, NRT2.1, and NRT1.5). Simultaneously, PSI-362 coated fertilizer enhanced nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase activities, while higher content of free amino acids, soluble protein and photosynthetic pigments was measured. These biological changes at stem elongation stage were later translated into enhanced NUE traits in harvested grain. Overall, our results support the agronomic use of this engineered ANE that allowed a reduction in N fertilizer usage while maintaining or increasing crop yield. The data suggests that it can be part of the solution for the successful implementation of mitigation policies for water quality and GHG emissions from N fertilizer usage.

Strawberry, an important fruit crop, is susceptible to a large number of pathogens that reduce fruit quality and productivity. In this study, the effect of a biostimulant prepared from Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) was evaluated on powdery mildew progression under greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse, application of 0.2% ANE showed maximum reduction in powdery mildew progression as compared to the control. Forty-eight hour post-inoculation, foliar spray of 0.2% ANE reduced spore germination by 75%. Strawberry leaves sprayed with ANE showed higher total phenolic and flavonoid content in response to powdery mildew infection. Furthermore, application of ANE elicited defense response in strawberry plants by induction of defense-related enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase activity. In field conditions, foliar spray of 0.2% ANE showed a reduction of 37.2% of natural incidence of powdery mildew infection as compared to the control. ANE sprayed plant also reduces the severity of powdery mildew infection under natural conditions. These results indicate that application of ANE induces the strawberry plant's active defense against powdery mildew infection by induction of secondary metabolism and regulating the activities of defense-related enzymes.

In this study, the effects of seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) on seed germination stimulation and growth indices in chickpea were studied. A factorial experiment was performed on the basis of a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Treatments consisted of seaweed extract at four levels (0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5%) and drought stress at four levels (0, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MP). Drought stress was induced by PEG 6000. Results showed that drought stress at -0.6 and -0.9 MP reduced the germination traits significantly compared with the controls. Seaweed extract at 2.5 and 3.5% resulted in a significant increase in the germination percentage (+18%, +24%), germination rate (+15%, +20%), seedling length (+13.3%, +15.7%), radicle area (+10.4%, +12.8%), radicle diameter (+14.2%, +25%), plumule length (+14%, +16.6%) and plumule dry weight (+10.3%, +12.6%). Under non-stress and -0.3 MP, seaweed extract levels at 2.5 and 3.5% could significantly increase the germination vigor, seed vigor index, consumed endosperm, radicle length and radicle dry weight. The application of seaweed extract at 3.5% improved the germination vigor, seed vigor index and radicle dry weight under -0.6 MP conditions. It also improved the consumed endosperm, length and radicle dry weight in samples affected by -0.9 MP conditions. According to the results, the use of seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) in the seed germination of beans is recommended for the reduction of the negative effects of drought stress.

Soybean is one of the most valuable commercial crops because of its high protein, carbohydrate, and oil content. The land area cultivated with soybean in subtropical regions, such as Brazil, is continuously expanding, in some instances at the expense of carbon storing natural habitats. Strategies to decrease yield/seed losses and increase production efficiency are urgently required to meet global demand for soybean in a sustainable manner. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), SealicitTM, in increasing yields of different soybean varieties, in two geographical regions (Canada and Brazil). In addition, we investigated the potential of SealicitTM to reduce pod shattering at the trials in Brazil. Three different concentrations of SealicitTM were applied to pod shatter-susceptible (SS) UFUS 6901 and shatter-resistant (SR) UFUS 7415 varieties to assess their impact on pod firmness. SS variety demonstrated a significant decrease in pod shattering, which coincided with deregulation of GmPDH1.1 and GmSHAT1–5 expression, genes that determine pod dehiscence, and higher seed weight per pod. SealicitTM application to the SR variety did not significantly alter its inherent pod shatter resistance, but provided higher increases in seed yield at harvest. This yield increase maybe associated with to other yield components stimulated by the biostimulant. This work demonstrates that SealicitTM, which has previously been shown to improve pod firmness in Arabidopsis and selected commercial oilseed rape varieties through IND gene down-regulation, also has the potential to improve pod resistance and seed productivity in soybean, a member of the legume family sharing a similar strategy for seed dispersal.

The study of seaweeds is increasing in viticulture due to their implications on plant protection and grape quality. This trial aimed to study the effects of foliar applications of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract at low (0.25%, v v) and high (0.50%, v v) dosages on grape and wine phenolic compounds in 2017 and 2018. In grapes, seaweed biostimulation increased the content of malvidin-3-glc, myricetin-3-glc and myricetin-3-gal in 2017 season. Moreover, both treatments improved the synthesis of trans-piceid and total stilbenes in both seasons. Sensory analysis revealed that 2017 wines had more color than the 2018 wines, which coincided with color intensity parameters. Therefore, seaweed applications to grapevines improved stilbenes content in grapes independently of the season and its effects on the rest of phenolic compounds in grapes and wines depended strongly of season factor., T. G.-C., P. R.-B, and E.P. P.-Á. are funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain)

Climate change scenarios and the need of sustainable tools to reduce global warming impact on agriculture have led to the formulation of a large number of natural products or biostimulants that should increase plant resilience to abiotic stress. Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) extract is one of the most studied biostimulants to increase tolerance to drought stress, but the physiological mechanism underlying its action is still poorly understood. The aim of the present work was to determine AN extract impact on grapevine gas exchange under well-watered and water stress conditions and to examine its mode of action under stress (light and temperature). AN caused a slight increase in stomatal conductance that resulted in an increase of water plant conductivity to atmosphere. Increased transpiration induced by AN improved leaf thermoregulation, facilitating vine recovery after a stress period. AN increased transpiration through a reduction of stomatal sensitivity to VPD. AN action on stomata regulation indicated that this biostimulant could be a new potential tool to limit leaf damage during events of extreme temperature, even when they are not combined with water stress conditions.

Leafy vegetables like lettuce and spinach are prone to significant post-harvest losses during handling and storage. The pre-harvest treatment of crops with biostimulants offers a sustainable strategy for reducing post-harvest losses. Earlier studies focused on the effect of plant biostimulants applied individually. In this study, we studied the efficacy of a combined application of two commonly used plant biostimulants: Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) and humic acid (HA). Interestingly, the combination of both biostimulants improved early growth of lettuce and spinach compared to ANE and HA alone. Among the combinations used in this study, 0.25% ANE + 0.2% HA produced significantly higher fresh and dry biomass in lettuce and spinach compared to the other treatments and the control. Pre-harvest treatment of combination of 0.25% ANE and 0.2% HA significantly reduced the loss of fresh biomass during post-harvest storage. The combination of 0.25% ANE and 0.2% HA reduced lipid peroxidation during storage with an increase in total ascorbate, phenolic, and antioxidant capacity of spinach and lettuce. These results suggest that a combination of ANE and HA reduces post-harvest losses of spinach and lettuce more effectively than when applied individually.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ascophyllum nodosum extract (AN), applied in different doses on the physicochemical characteristics of post-harvest ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes. The selected mango fruits were treated with different extract concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0%) and stored for 12 days at 25±2 °C and 75±5% RH. Every 3 days, fruit mass loss (PM), color angle (Hue) (AH), firmness, pH, titratable acidity (AT), content of total soluble solids in pulp (°Brix) and content of carbohydrates in shell were assessed. The experiments were carried out in CRD in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement (concentrations x days of storage) with four replications. AN was effective in preventing PM, with a reduction of up to 40.2%, as observed at concentration 0.1% compared to control. There were no differences among concentrations on AH, however, all of them differed significantly from control with higher AH, especially on the 12nd day. Fruit firmness was lower in control, the pH increased with the storage time and AT decreased. For all these parameters, mangoes treated with the extract differed from control. The pulp sample °Brix increased with the storage time as well as the content of reducing sugars, with consequent reduction of non-reducing sugars in fruit shell. These tests indicate the possibility of using AN as an alternative management in preserving mangoes in the post-harvest stage. Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do extrato de (AN), Ascophyllum nodosumaplicado em diferentes doses, sobre características físico-químicas de mangas ‘Tommy Atkins’, na fase de pós-colheita. As mangas selecionadas foram tratadas com diferentes concentrações do extrato (0%, 0,1%, 0,3%, 0,5% e 1,0%) e armazenadas por 12 dias, a 25±2 °C e 75±5% de UR. Foram avaliados, a cada 3 dias, a perda de massa dos frutos (PM), o ângulo de cor (Hue) (AH), a firmeza, o pH, a acidez titulável (AT), o teor de sólidos solúveis da polpa (°Brix) e o teor de carboidratos da casca. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em DIC, em arranjo fatorial 5 x 5 (concentrações x dias de armazenamento), com quatro repetições. O AN foi eficiente em evitar a PM dos frutos, registrando redução de até 40,2%, como observado na concentração de 0,1% em relação ao controle. Não houve diferença entre as concentrações quanto ao AH, contudo todas diferiram significativamente do controle com AHs maiores, especialmente no 12º dia. A firmeza do fruto foi menor no controle, o pH, aumentou com o tempo de armazenamento e a AT diminuiu, sendo que, para todos esses parâmetros, mangas tratadas com o extrato diferiram do controle. O °Brix da polpa das amostras aumentou com o tempo de armazenamento, assim como o teor de açúcares redutores, com consequente redução de açúcares não redutores na casca do fruto. Estes testes apontam para a possibilidade de uso do AN como alternativa de manejo na preservação de mangas na fase de pós-colheita.

A field trial consisting of four granule formulation doses and five liquid formulation sprays of a seaweed extract from Ascophyllum nodosum commercially known as Biovita, along with the recommended dose of nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K), was conducted during 2008 and 2009 in BHU, Varanasi, India, to evaluate its effect on wheat (var. HUW 468) under a no-tillage system. Among the granule doses, the 10 kg ha−1 basal application and the two liquid sprays of 500 cm3 ha−1 each at 25 and 50 days after sowing significantly improved the performance of wheat. On an average under these two treatments, the greatest grain and straw yields were observed were 3454.5, 3446.5 and 5187.5, 5220.0 kg ha−1, respectively. The greatest protein content was found when further high doses of extract were applied. A faster decomposition of the paddy residue was also observed as indicated by an earlier decline in carbon (C)/N ratio of the soil in the treated plots.

Fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves contain high concentrations of beneficial phytochemicals. However, spinach does not store well and is highly perishable especially during handling and post-harvest storage. In this study, we investigated the effect of pre-harvest root-treatment of spinach with Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, or 5.0 g L−1) on post-harvest quality of fresh-cut spinach over a 35-day storage period. At the time of harvest there was no significant difference in dry weight, chlorophyll, ascorbate and lipid peroxidation between ANE-treated and non-treated plants. However, the loss in fresh weight and visual quality (color and turgor) of spinach leaves during storage was reduced by pre-harvest application of ANE. Lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced in ANE-treated leaves. The total chlorophyll content and ascorbate content in the control and treated leaves was however identical over the storage period and decreased at a similar rate. A negative correlation was observed between visual quality and lipid peroxidation. The results show that pre-harvest ANE application through root drench, especially at 1.0 g L−1, enhanced post-harvest storage quality of spinach leaves.

MacDonald, J. E., Hacking, J., Weng, Y. and Norrie, J. 2013. Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract application in the nursery on root growth of containerized white spruce seedlings. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 735–739. In this preliminary study, Picea glauca seedlings were root drenched with a commercial liquid extract of Ascophyllum nodosum in finisher fertilizer (8N–20P–30K) at the following rates: 1:500, 1:250, 1:125, and 1:75. Fertilizer alone served as control. Applications were made four or eight times over a period of 17 or 43 days, respectively. Compared with control, all rates reduced total root system length in mid October by 44–54%. After freezer storage and then growing under favorable conditions in spring for 21 d, the 1:125 and 1:75 rates increased the number of white roots emerging from the intact peat plug by 42 and 63%, respectively.

MacDonald, J. E., Hacking, J., Weng, Y. and Norrie, J. 2012. Root growth of containerized lodgepole pine seedlings in response to Ascophyllum nodosum extract application during nursery culture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1207–1212. Vigorous root growth immediately after spring planting is crucial to ensure a well-developed root system before the occurrence of drought events associated with climate change. The objective of this study was to enhance spring root growth of containerized lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings. Seedling culture began in April. In September, seedlings were root drenched with an extract of the brown marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis in finisher fertilizer at rates of 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250. Finisher fertilizer alone served as control. Applications were made three or six times. Seedling culture continued until lifting in December, and then seedlings were freezer stored. Frequency of application had no effect on root growth, whereas rate of application had a significant effect. Compared with control, the 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250 rates significantly reduced total length of the root system in mid October. After overwintering and growing under favorable environmental conditions for 21 d, the 1:500 rate significantly increased the total number of white roots, as well as the number of both short and long white roots. These results suggest that application of Ascophyllum nodosum extract may be a valuable nursery practice to increase spring root growth, thereby enhancing drought resistance.

Biostimulants for crop management are gaining increased attention with continued demand for increased crop yields. Seaweed extracts represent one category of biostimulant, with Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANE) widely used for yield and quality enhancement. This study investigated how the composition of two ANE biostimulants (ANE A and ANE B) affects plant mRNA transcriptomes, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using Affymetrix Ath1 microarrays, significant heterogeneity was detected between the ANE biostimulants in terms of their impacts on the mRNA transcriptome of A. thaliana plants, which accumulated significantly more biomass than untreated controls. Genes dysregulated by the ANE biostimulants are associated with a wide array of predicted biological processes, molecular functions, and subcellular distributions. ANE A dysregulated 4.47% of the transcriptome, whereas ANE B dysregulated 0.87%. The compositions of both ANEs were significantly different, with a 4-fold difference in polyphenol levels, the largest observed. The standardization of the composition of ANE biostimulants represents a challenge for providing consistent effects on plant gene expression and biostimulation.

Biostimulants are a strategy to minimize the effects of climatic adversities, allowing the seedlings to express more strongly their metabolic capacity and greater development of the root system. The objective was to verify the abil­ity of a biostimulant with Ascophyllum nodosum to increase biometric characteristics in maize crop in the off-sea­son. The test was conducted in randomized block design with four replicates and five treatments, using five doses of the biostimulant, 0.0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.00 liters of product to 100 kg of seeds. Seedlings were evaluated for vigor, length of root and aerial part, dry matter of the root and aerial part and leaf area. The data were submit­ted to ANOVA and regression analysis to verify the behavior of the characteristics due to increasing doses. The doses of biostimulant in seed treatment provided increases in vigor, shoot height, weight of fresh and dry matter of the aerial part and leaf area. The biostimulant derived from Ascophyllum nodosum extract showed potential use in the treatment of corn seeds, and doses of 0.50 and 0.75 L per 100 kg of seeds were the most promising for the early development of maize seedlings.

The effects of an extract of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) in grower–finisher pigs are reported. In Experiment 1, the effect of dietary supplementation with increasing levels of AN extract (ANE) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal microflora was investigated. A total of 360 pigs were randomly allocated, based on initial live-weight and sex, to one of four experimental treatments as follows; control diet (no ANE), control diet plus 3 g ANE/kg, control diet plus 6 g ANE/kg and control diet plus 9 g ANE/kg. These diets were fed ad libitum up to slaughter. In Experiment 2, eight male pigs were allocated to a control diet (no ANE) or the control diet plus 2.5 g ANE/kg to determine effects of ANE on coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients and nitrogen (N) balance. Supplementation with increasing levels of ANE in Experiment 1 resulted in reduced daily gain, carcass weight and kill-out yield during the combined grower–finisher period (P 0.05). In Experiment 2, the CTTAD was unaffected by the inclusion of ANE (P>0.05). Overall, the intestinal coliform reductions obtained suggest that ANE may provide a dietary means to improve gut health and potentially reduce pathogen carriage in finishing pigs. However, the negative effects on growth performance observed in healthy animals will most likely limit the commercial use of dietary ANE as a feed additive.

A study was conducted in 2013 at the Screen House of Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano to test the effect of aqueous extract of of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on flowering and fruiting in watermelon (Cowlak) and okra (NHB-AI-13). Treatment consisted of four levels of the extract (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g/L) and a control. These were replicated three times. Results obtained on the number of days to flowering in both plants showed significant effect of the extract. Plants treated with 1.5 and 2.0g/L seaweed extract flowered earlier and produced greater number of flowers and subsequently more number of fruits. Average number of flowers were greater in both plants treated with 2.0g/L. However, the average number of fruits per plant was observed to be 5.33 and 2.33 in okra and watermelon respectively treated with 2.0g/L which is greater than 2.00 and 0.33 observed in the same plants given 0g/L. Replications treated with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 also showed greater effect on the onset of flowering, number of flowers as well as the fruit yield when compared with the control treatment. Key words: Watermelon, Okra, Seaweed, flowering, fruiting

Three different treatments of seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) were applied at five different stages of growth, as foliar applications, to examine their effects on yield and quality criteria in peppers (cv. California Wonder) Each treatment caused an increase in fruit yield, and a 10-day earlier first harvest was observed in treatment groups (trt-1, trt-2 and trt-3) compared with control. Fruit length and fruit diameter significantly increased with increased seaweed extract treatment. Nevertheless, the difference between treatments was not significant in wall thickness of fruits. Soluble solids and chlorophyll contents increased whereas titratable acidity decreased in line with the seaweed extract treatments. However, there was no significant difference between control and the seaweed extract treated groups in terms of pH of the fruits. Lt was concluded that trt-2 (340g/da) gave the best results with regard to fruit yield and quality.

No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar do extrato da alga Ascophyllum nodosum, do ácido L-glutâmico e do Ca+2, no crescimento e produção de plantas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha; aplicações foliares de soluções contendo 60 g L-1 de ácido L-glutâmico; contendo 60 g L-1 de extrato de alga; contendo 100 g L-1 de Ca+2 na forma de CaCl2; contendo 30 g L-1 de ácido L-glutâmico e 30 g L-1 extrato de alga; contendo 30 g L-1 de ácido L-glutâmico e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2; contendo 30 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2; contendo 15 g L-1de ácido L-glutâmico associado a 15 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2, aos 12, 28 e 42 dias após a emergência das plantas. Para a aplicação foliar, cada solução foi diluída em água na concentração de 3 ml L-1. Ao longo do ciclo foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas e ao final quantificou-se a produção de grãos por planta. Identificou-se o efeito dos tratamentos no crescimento inicial, ao longo do ciclo das plantas e na produção de grãos, caracterizando o efeito bioestimulante da solução contendo 30 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2, e da solução contendo 15 g L-1de ácido L-glutâmico associado a 15 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2.