Search

Your search keyword '"Benoît Sittler"' showing total 20 results
Start Over Author "Benoît Sittler" Topic biology
20 results on '"Benoît Sittler"'

1. Nest attentiveness drives nest predation in arctic sandpipers

Author

Eve Afonso, Johannes Lang, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Dorothee Ehrich, Nicolas Lecomte, Jannik Hansen, Vladimir Gilg, Brigitte Sabard, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Laura McKinnon, Natalia Sokolova, Loïc Bollache, Richard B. Lanctot, Jeroen Reneerkens, Jérôme Moreau, Nicolas Meyer, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Benoît Sittler, Aleksandr Sokolov, Niels Martin Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Paul Smith, Vasiliy Sokolov, Rob van Bemmelen, Anders Angerbjörn, Joël Bêty, Piersma group, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Sandpiper, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Foraging, Zoology, parental care, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, breeding behaviour, nest survival, Nest, incubation recesses, education, Incubation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Arctic shorebirds, Reproductive success, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, incubation strategy, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, biology.organism_classification, Paternal care, Business Manager projects Mid-North
Abstract

Most birds incubate their eggs to allow embryo development. This behaviour limits the ability of adults to perform other activities. Hence, incubating adults trade-off incubation and nest protection with foraging to meet their own needs. Parents can either cooperate to sustain this trade-off or incubate alone. The main cause of reproductive failure at this reproductive stage is predation and adults reduce this risk by keeping the nest location secret. Arctic sandpipers are interesting biological models to investigate parental care evolution as they may use several parental care strategies. The three main incubation strategies include both parents sharing incubation duties (?biparental?), one parent incubating alone (?uniparental?), or a flexible strategy with both uniparental and biparental incubation within a population (?mixed?). By monitoring the incubation behaviour in 714 nests of seven sandpiper species across 12 arctic sites, we studied the relationship between incubation strategy and nest predation. First, we described how the frequency of incubation recesses (NR), their mean duration (MDR), and the daily total duration of recesses (TDR) vary among strategies. Then, we examined how the relationship between the daily predation rate and these components of incubation behaviour varies across strategies using two complementary survival analysis. For uniparental and biparental species, the daily predation rate increased with the daily total duration of recesses and with the mean duration of recesses. In contrast, daily predation rate increased with the daily number of recesses for biparental species only. These patterns may be attributed to two independent mechanisms: cryptic incubating adults are more difficult to locate than unattended nests and adults departing the nest or feeding close to the nest can draw predators' attention. Our results demonstrate that incubation behaviour as mediated by incubation strategy has important consequences for sandpipers? reproductive success. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic

Author

Annette L. Fayet, Geir Helge Systad, William A. Montevecchi, Richard A. Phillips, Jeremy Madeiros, Thierry Boulinier, Hólmfríður Arnardóttir, Maria P. Dias, Anders Mosbech, Olivier Gilg, Hallvard Strøm, Janos C. Hennicke, Sarah Wanless, Morten Frederiksen, Ben Lascelles, Rob van Bemmelen, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Carolina Hazin, Nicholas Per Huffeldt, Bergur Olsen, Johannes Krietsch, Marta Cruz-Flores, Robert T. Barrett, Ellen Magnusdottir, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Manuel Biscoito, Niels Martin Schmidt, Tim Guilford, Yann Kolbeinsson, Paulo Catry, Ana Isabel Fagundes, Robert A. Ronconi, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Jaime A. Ramos, Johannes Lang, Tammy E. Davies, Michael P. Harris, Euan Dunn, Mark Jessopp, Raül Ramos, Vitor H. Paiva, Francis Zino, Loïc Bollache, José Pedro Granadeiro, Peter G. Ryan, Aevar Petersen, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Flemming Merkel, Benoît Sittler, Hans-Ulrich Peter, Mark Newell, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Virginia Morera-Pujol, Paul M. Thompson, Francis Daunt, Børge Moe, Carsten Egevang, Ewan D. Wakefield, Jóhannis Danielsen, Jérôme Fort, April Hedd, Erpur Snær Hansen, Robert W. Furness, Ana P. B. Carneiro, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Ingvar A. Sigurðsson, Olivier Chastel, David Grémillet, Iván Ramírez, Harald Steen, Verónica C. Neves, Mark L. Mallory, Filipe R. Ceia, Jacob González-Solís, Bruna Campos, Marguerite Tarzia, Iain J. Stenhouse, Laura McFarlane Tranquilla, Teresa Militão, BirdLife International, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, EuroNatur Foundation, Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fuglavernd / BirdLife in Iceland, Tromsø University Museum, University of Tromsø (UiT), Funchal Natural History Museum, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Faroe Marine Research Institute, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology [Penicuik, U.K.], Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), National Institute of Water, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds (SPEA) [Lisboa], University of Oxford [Oxford], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Veterinary Medicine, (Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (CESAM), Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change [Mount Pearl], Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences [Ireland], University College Cork (UCC), Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre [Húsavík], Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Jena], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians & Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Department of Bioscience [Roskilde, Denmark], Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Bermuda, Paget, Bermuda, Háskóli Íslands [Reykjavik, Iceland], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada, Acadia University, Birds Canada, Sackville, NB, Canada, Psychology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Lake Ecosystems Group [Lancaster, U.K.] (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Lancaster Environment Centre [Lancaster, U.K.], Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Jena, Germany, Independent Researcher, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Norwegian Polar Institute, Biodiversity Research Institute, Lighthouse Field Station, University of Aberdeen, Bureau Waardenburg, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology [Penicuik, UK], Freira Conservation Project, Funchal, Portugal, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), University of Oxford, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), and Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, marine protected area, SHEARWATERS, STOPOVER, Marine protected area, 01 natural sciences, Biologging conservation, Abundance (ecology), HABITAT, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, biology, Phenology, conservation, Area beyond national jurisdiction, OVERLAP, Hotspot (Wi-Fi), Geography, area beyond national jurisdiction, International waters, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Population data, Seabird, MIGRATION, CONSERVATION, QH1-199.5, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, FEEDING ECOLOGY, biologging, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, High seas, 14. Life underwater, PELAGIC SEABIRD, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, regional seas convention, Nature and Landscape Conservation, MOVEMENTS, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Pelagic zone, Regional seas convention, Fishery, Marine Sciences, high seas, Atlantic, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract

The conservation of migratory marine species, including pelagic seabirds, is challenging because their movements span vast distances frequently beyond national jurisdictions. Here, we aim to identify important aggregations of seabirds in the North Atlantic to inform ongoing regional conservation efforts. Using tracking, phenology, and population data, we mapped the abundance and diversity of 21 seabird species. This revealed a major hotspot associated with a discrete area of the subpolar frontal zone, used annually by 2.9–5 million seabirds from ≥56 colonies in the Atlantic: the first time this magnitude of seabird concentrations has been documented in the high seas. The hotspot is temporally stable and amenable to site-based conservation and is under consideration as a marine protected area by the OSPAR Commission. Protection could help mitigate current and future threats facing species in the area. Overall, our approach provides an exemplar data-driven pathway for future conservation efforts on the high seas. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Long-term monitoring reveals topographical features and vegetation explain winter habitat use of an Arctic rodent

Author

Gita Benadi, Olivier Gilg, Benoît Sittler, Glenn Yannic, Bernhard Eitzinger, Alexandra-Maria Klein, and Xaver von Beckerath

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Collared lemming, Population, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, Snow, Geography, Habitat, Arctic, Younger Dryas, Dryas octopetala, education
Abstract

Collapsing lemming cycles have been observed across the Arctic, presumably due to global warming creating less favorable winter conditions. The quality of wintering habitats, such as depth of snow cover, plays a key role in sustaining population dynamics of arctic lemmings. However, few studies so far investigated habitat use during the arctic winter. Here, we used a unique long-term time series to test whether lemmings are associated with topographical and vegetational habitat features for their winter refugi. We examined yearly numbers and distribution of 22,769 winter nests of the collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus from an ongoing long-term research on Traill Island, Northeast Greenland, collected between 1989 and 2019, and correlated this information with data on dominant vegetation types, elevation and slope. We specifically asked if lemming nests were more frequent at sites with preferred food plants such as Dryas octopetala x integrifolia and at sites with increased snow cover. We found that the number of lemming nests was highest in areas with a high proportion of Dryas heath, but also correlated with other vegetation types which suggest some flexibility in resource use of wintering lemmings. Conversely, they showed a distinct preference for sloped terrain, probably as it enhances the formation of deep snow drifts which increases the insulative characteristics of the snowpack and protection from predators. With global warming, prime lemming winter habitats may become scarce through alteration of snow physical properties, potentially resulting in negative consequence for the whole community of terrestrial vertebrates.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Behavioural responses of breeding arctic sandpipers to ground-surface temperature and primary productivity

Author

Jannik Hansen, Laura McKinnon, Eve Afonso, Johannes Lang, Brigitte Sabard, Richard B. Lanctot, Jérôme Moreau, Lisa V. Kennedy, Natalia Sokolova, Niels Martin Schmidt, Aleksander Sokolov, Loïc Bollache, Paul Smith, Jeroen Reneerkens, Vladimir Gilg, Sarah T. Saalfeld, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Anders Angerbjörn, Dorothee Ehrich, Nicolas Meyer, Olivier Gilg, Christopher J. Latty, Øystein Varpe, Nicolas Lecomte, Rob van Bemmelen, Glen S. Brown, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Vasiliy Sokolov, Matthias Galipaud, Benoît Sittler, Joël Bêty, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Wildlife Research & Monitoring Section, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Working Group for Wildlife Research at the Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, York University [Toronto], Trent University, Community and Conservation Ecology Group [Groningen], Université de Groningen, Department of Coastal Systems, Utrecht University [Utrecht]-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Bureau Waardenburg, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Study supported by the French Polar Institute (program '1036 Interactions'), PRC CNRS Russie (program 'ECCVAT', SABE and ERKU), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, IGLO, BYLO), the Polar Continental Shelf Program (IGLO, BYLO), the Canada Chair Research Program(IGLO), the Canadian Fund for Innovation (IGLO), Northern Scientific Training Program (BYLO, IGLO and CHUR), the Igloolik Hunters and Trappers Organization (IGLO), Université de Moncton (IGLO), ArcticNet (BYLO), Polar Knowledge Canada (BYLO), the Churchill Northern Studies Centre (CHUR), the Russian Fund for Basic Research (grants #18-54-15013 and #18-05-60261, ERKU, SABE, BELY), Yamal-LNG (SABE), Gazpromtrans (ERKU), NGO Russian Center of Development of the Arctic (ERKU), the Netherlands Polar Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (grant #866.15.207 and #886.13.005, ZACK and AMMA), the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (ZACK), theMetawad project awarded by Waddenfonds (WF209925, ZACK), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (UTQI and CARI), Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative(UTQI), the National Fish andWildlife Foundation (UTQI),Manomet Inc (UTQI, CARI), Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (CARI), and The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)., and Piersma group

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Aves [Birds], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sandpiper, NDVI, Zoology, Incubation recesses, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Breeding, 01 natural sciences, Incubation behaviour, Nesting Behavior, Charadriiformes, incubation recesses, Environmental Chemistry, Small species, Animals, Environmental conditions, Waste Management and Disposal, Incubation, Primary productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Reproductive success, Arctic Regions, incubation strategy, Lag effects, Ground surface temperature, Temperature, incubation behaviour, Shorebird, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, lag effects, environmental conditions, Arctic, shorebird, Incubation strategy, Genus Calidris, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Most birds incubate their eggs, which requires time and energy at the expense of other activities. Birds generally have two incubation strategies: biparental where both mates cooperate in incubating eggs, and uniparental where a single parent incubates. In harsh and unpredictable environments, incubation is challenging due to high energetic demands and variable resource availability. We studied the relationships between the incubation behaviour of sandpipers (genus Calidris) and two environmental variables: temperature and a proxy of primary productivity (i.e. NDVI). We investigated how these relationships vary between incubation strategies and across species among strategies. We also studied how the relationship between current temperature and incubation behaviour varies with previous day's temperature. We monitored the incubation behaviour of nine sandpiper species using thermologgers at 15 arctic sites between 2016 and 2019. We also used thermologgers to record the ground surface temperature at conspecific nest sites and extracted NDVI values from a remote sensing product. We found no relationship between either environmental variables and biparental incubation behaviour. Conversely, as ground-surface temperature increased, uniparental species decreased total duration of recesses (TDR) and mean duration of recesses (MDR), but increased number of recesses (NR). Moreover, small species showed stronger relationships with ground-surface temperature than large species. When all uniparental species were combined, an increase in NDVI was correlated with higher mean duration, total duration and number of recesses, but relationships varied widely across species. Finally, some uniparental species showed a lag effect with a higher nest attentiveness after a warm day while more recesses occurred after a cold day than was predicted based on current temperatures. We demonstrate the complex interplay between shorebird incubation strategies, incubation behaviour, and environmental conditions. Understanding how species respond to changes in their environment during incubation helps predict their future reproductive success.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Are gastrointestinal parasites associated with the cyclic population dynamics of their arctic lemming hosts?

Author

Vladimir Gilg, Nicolas Meyer, Loïc Bollache, Mathilde Lebbar, Voitto Haukisalmi, Eve Afonso, Benoît Sittler, Johannes Lang, Jannik Hansen, Lars H. Hansen, Olivier Gilg, Anita Lang, Niels Martin Schmidt, Jérôme Moreau, Brigitte Sabard, Glenn Yannic, Heikki Henttonen, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians & Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Study supported by the French Polar Institute-IPEV [Program 'Interactions 1036'] and analyses funded by the Fondation de Coopération Scientifique of the Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté [grant 'BQR'].

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Population dynamics, Population, Greenland, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Eimerians, biology.animal, lcsh:Zoology, Parasite hosting, Juvenile, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:QL1-991, education, Trophic level, Faecal prevalence, education.field_of_study, Cestodes, Vertebrate, Rodent-parasites interactions, 010601 ecology, Infectious Diseases, Taxon, Arctic, Delayed density dependence, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Many rodents, including most populations of arctic lemmings (genus Dicrostonyx and Lemmus), have cyclic population dynamics. Among the numerous hypotheses which have been proposed and tested to explain this typical characteristic of some terrestrial vertebrate communities, trophic interactions have often been presented as the most likely drivers of these periodic fluctuations. The possible role of parasites has, however, only seldom been assessed. In this study, we genetically measured the prevalence of two endoparasite taxa, eimerians and cestodes, in 372 faecal samples from collared lemmings, over a five year period and across three distant sites in Northeast Greenland. Prevalence of cestodes was low (2.7% over all sites and years) and this taxon was only found at one site (although in 4 out of 5 years) in adult hosts. By contrast, we found high prevalence for eimerians (77.7% over all sites and years), which occurred at all sites, in every year, for both age classes (at the Hochstetter Forland site where both adult and juvenile faeces were collected) and regardless of reproductive and social status inferred from the characteristics of the lemming nests where the samples had been collected. Prevalence of eimerians significantly varied among years (not among sites) and was higher for juvenile than for adult lemmings at the Hochstetter Forland site. However, higher prevalence of eimerians (Pt) was only associated with lower lemming density (Nt) at one of the three sites and we found no delayed density dependence between Nt and Pt+1 to support the parasite hypothesis. Our results show that there is no clear relation between lemming density and eimerian faecal prevalence in Northeast Greenland and hence no evidence that eimerians could be driving the cyclic population dynamics of collared lemmings in this region., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Prevalence of eimerians and cestodes was measured in collared lemming in Greenland. • Prevalence of cestodes was low (2.7%; one site only) compared to eimerians (78%). • Prevalence of eimerians was higher for juveniles and varied among years. • Prevalence of eimerians was negatively associated with lemming density at one site. • lack of delayed density dependence does not support the parasite hypothesis for lemming cycles.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Circumpolar status of Arctic ptarmigan: Population dynamics and trends

Author

Arkady P. Isaev, Chris T. Callahan, Maria Hörnell Willebrand, Jannik Hansen, Eva Fuglei, Johannes Lang, Richard A. Merizon, Åshild Ønvik Pedersen, Benoît Sittler, Olivier Gilg, Rolf A. Ims, Oleg Y. Mineev, Carol L. McIntyre, Ólafur K. Nielsen, Niels Martin Schmidt, Kathy Martin, Dave Mossop, John-André Henden, Erlend B. Nilsen, and Yuri N. Mineev

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Population dynamics, Population cycles, Geography, Planning and Development, Population, Greenland, Population Dynamics, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystems, Russia, Birds, Svalbard, Willow ptarmigan, Arctic, Environmental Chemistry, ptarmigan, Animals, Ecosystem, Lagopus, Galliformes, education, Sweden, Terrestrial Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing Arctic, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Arctic Regions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Medicine, Circumpolar star, circumpolar, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Transient dynamics, North America, Population cycle, Lagopus spp, Alaska
Abstract

Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) are Arctic birds with a circumpolar distribution but there is limited knowledge about their status and trends across their circumpolar distribution. Here, we compiled information from 90 ptarmigan study sites from 7 Arctic countries, where almost half of the sites are still monitored. Rock ptarmigan showed an overall negative trend on Iceland and Greenland, while Svalbard and Newfoundland had positive trends, and no significant trends in Alaska. For willow ptarmigan, there was a negative trend in mid-Sweden and eastern Russia, while northern Fennoscandia, North America and Newfoundland had no significant trends. Both species displayed some periods with population cycles (short 3–6 years and long 9–12 years), but cyclicity changed through time for both species. We propose that simple, cost-efficient systematic surveys that capture the main feature of ptarmigan population dynamics can form the basis for citizen science efforts in order to fill knowledge gaps for the many regions that lack systematic ptarmigan monitoring programs. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-019-01191-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author

Kees Camphuysen, Jannik Hansen, Tanya Pyk, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Sébastien Descamps, Craig A. Walling, William A. Montevecchi, Richard A. Phillips, Johannes Lang, Michael J. Dunn, Olof Olsson, Carolyn Mostello, Paulo Catry, A. G. Wood, Magdalene Langset, Amélie Lescroël, Yutaka Watanuki, David G. Ainley, Phil O'b. Lyver, Børge Moe, Raül Ramos, Walter S. Svagelj, Pete Warzybok, Peter H. Becker, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Peter G. Ryan, Ian C. T. Nisbet, Jaime Jahncke, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Michael P. Harris, Hugh Drummond, Benoît Sittler, Daniel Oro, T. K. Reiertsen, Francis Daunt, Peter J. Kappes, Grant Ballard, Peter R. Wilson, Robert T. Barrett, William R. Fraser, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, José Pedro Granadeiro, Christopher A. Surman, Mark Newell, Flavio Quintana, Cristina Rodríguez, Zofia M. Burr, Sue Lewis, Sarah Wanless, Nina Dehnhard, Meritxell Genovart, Niels Martin Schmidt, Ana Sanz-Aguilar, Colin Southwell, Katharine Keogan, Henri Weimerskirch, Russell W. Bradley, David Monticelli, Sandra Bouwhuis, Katie M. Dugger, Mark L. Mallory, Ian L. Jones, André Chiaradia, Paula Shannon, April Hedd, Alexander L. Bond, Maud Poisbleau, Kerry J. Barton, Vivian Pattison, George J. Divoky, Jérôme Fort, Lisa W. Nicholson, Philippa Agnew, José Manuel Igual, David Grémillet, Richard J. Cuthbert, Louise Emmerson, Jaime A. Ramos, Loïc Bollache, Jefferson T. Hinke, Tony Diamond, Per-Arvid Berglund, Olivier Gilg, Albert B. Phillimore, Claus Bech, Jacob González-Solís, Watanuki, Yutaka, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth Laboratories-University of Edinburgh, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ( CEH ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony, H.T. Harvey & Associates, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Point Blue Conservation Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Tromsø University Museum, Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Institute of Avian Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], The University Centre in Svalbard ( UNIS ), Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ) -Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ( MARE ), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida ( ISPA ), Phillip Island Nature Parks, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University [Melbourne], Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Norvegian Polar Research Institute ( NPRI ), Norwegian Polar Institute, University of New Brunswick ( UNB ), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Centre for Conservation Biology, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polar Oceans Research Group [USA], Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats ( IMEDEA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat i Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa ( ULISBOA ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town-Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Marine Fisheries Service, Population Ecology Group, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen ( JLU ), Biology, Acadia University, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research ( NINA ), Department of Psychology, Biology and Ocean Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Halfmoon Biosciences, I. C. T. Nisbet & Company, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Population Ecology Group ( IMEDEA ), Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Deakin Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University [Burwood], Instituto de Biologia de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Department of Zoology, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Arctic Research Centre, National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program, Chair Nature Protection and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras ( IIMyC ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ) -Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Landcare Research, University of Edinburgh-Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)-Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), University of Antwerp (UA), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Marine Fisheries Service, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Population Ecology Group (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos [Chubut] (IBIOMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras [Mar del Plata] (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Mar del Plata], Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Universitat de Barcelona, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pelecaniformes, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, SEABIRDS, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, OCEAN SCIENCE, Ecology and Environment, Predation, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, Ciencias Biológicas, biology.animal, Ocells marins, ocean sciences, Canvi climàtic, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Trophic level, Apex predator, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Primary producers, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Physics, Sea birds, Climatic changes, biology.organism_classification, Fenologia, Climatic change, Suliformes, Chemistry, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Phenology, 13. Climate action, Seabird, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Canvis climàtics
Abstract

Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity , and is often sensitive to climatic conditions . Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey . This is of particular concern for highertrophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction5 . Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1 ) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1 ) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources Fil: Keogan, Katharine. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Daunt, Francis. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Wanless, Sarah. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Phillips, Richard A.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Walling, Craig A.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Agnew, Philippa. Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; . Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Ainley, David G.. HT Harvey and Associates; Estados Unidos Fil: Anker-Nilssen, Tycho. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Ballard, Grant. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Barrett, Robert T.. Uit The Arctic University Of Norway; Noruega Fil: Barton, Kerry J.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Bech, Claus. Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet; Noruega Fil: Becker, Peter. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Berglund, Per-Arvid. University of Agricultural Sciences. Institute of Marine Research, Department of Aquatic Resources; Suecia Fil: Bollache, Loïc. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia Fil: Bond, Alexander L.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Bouwhuis, Sandra. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Bradley, Russell W.. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Burr, Zofia M.. The University Centre In Svalbard; Noruega Fil: Camphuysen, Kees. University of Utrecht; Países Bajos Fil: Catry, Paulo. Ispa - Instituto Universitário; Portugal Fil: Chiaradia, Andre. Monash University; Australia. Phillip Island Nature Park; Australia Fil: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Cuthbert, Richard. Royal Society For The Protection Of Birds; Reino Unido Fil: Dehnhard, Nina. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Descamps, Sébastien. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Diamond, Tony. University Of New Brunswick; Canadá Fil: Divoky, George. Friends of Cooper Island; Estados Unidos Fil: Drummond, Hugh. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Dugger, Katie M.. United States Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Dunn, Michael J.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Emmerson, Louise. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Erikstad, Kjell Einar. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Fort, Jérôme. Université de la Rochelle; Francia Fil: Fraser, William. Polar Oceans Research Group; Estados Unidos Fil: Genovart, Meritxell. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Gilg, Olivier. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia. Groupe de Recherches En Ecologie Arctique; Fil: González-Solís, Jacob. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Granadeiro, José Pedro. Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal Fil: Grémillet, David. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Hansen, Jannik. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Hanssen, Sveinn A.. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Harris, Mike. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Hedd, April. Environment Canada; Canadá Fil: Hinke, Jefferson. National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration; Estados Unidos Fil: Igual, José Manuel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Jahncke, Jaime. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Jones, Ian. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Kappes, Peter J.. Oregon Cooperative Fish And Wildlife Research Unit; Estados Unidos Fil: Lang, Johannes. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Langset, Magdalene. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lescroël, Amélie. Géosciences Montpellier; Francia Fil: Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lyver, Phil O'B.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Mallory, Mark. Acadia University; Canadá Fil: Moe, Børge. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Montevecchi, William A.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Monticelli, David. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Mostello, Carolyn. Massachusetts Division Of Fisheries And Wildlife; Estados Unidos Fil: Newell, Mark. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Nicholson, Lisa. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Nisbet, Ian. I. C. T. Nisbet & Company; Estados Unidos Fil: Olsson, Olof. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Oro, Daniel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Pattison, Vivian. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society; Canadá Fil: Poisbleau, Maud. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Pyk, Tanya. Deakin University; Australia Fil: Quintana, Flavio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ramos, Jaime A.. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Ramos, Raül. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Rodríguez, Cristina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Ryan, Peter. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Sanz-Aguilar, Ana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Schmidt, Niels M.. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Shannon, Paula. National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program; Estados Unidos Fil: Sittler, Benoit. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Southwell, Colin. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Surman, Christopher. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Svagelj, Walter Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Trivelpiece, Wayne. Bolinas; Estados Unidos Fil: Warzybok, Pete. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Watanuki, Yutaka. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Weimerskirch, Henri. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Wilson, Peter R.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Wood, Andrew G.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Phillimore, Albert B.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Lewis, Sue. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Gastrointestinal parasites of two populations of Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from north-east Greenland

Author

Christian M. O. Kapel, Niels Martin Schmidt, Pipaluk Nynne Skamris Andreassen, Olivier Gilg, Martin Ulrich Christensen, Mohammad Nafi Solaiman Al-Sabi, Benoît Sittler, Heidi L. Enemark, Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Plants and the Environment, IT University of Copenhagen, Institute of Applied Conservation, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Vulpes, Eucoleus boehmi, Zoology, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Toxascaris leoniana, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Oceanography, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Toxascaris leonina, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:GC1-1581, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Taenia crassiceps, lcsh:GE1-350, biology, Ancylostomatidae, Taenia, Ecology, faecal analysis, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Taenia serialis, Arctic, Lagopus, Arctic parasites, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, coprological examination
Abstract

Parasitological examination of 275 faecal samples from Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) collected at Zackenberg Valley and Karupelv Valley in north-east Greenland from 2006 to 2008 was conducted using sieving and microscopy. Overall, 125 (45.5%) samples contained parasite eggs of Taenia crassiceps, Taenia serialis, Toxascaris leonina, Eucoleus boehmi, Physalopteridae and Ancylostomatidae, and Strongyloides-like larvae. As long-term ecological studies are conducted at both sampling locations, the present findings constitute a baseline data set for further parasitological monitoring.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Harmonizing circumpolar monitoring of Arctic fox: benefits, opportunities, challenges and recommendations

Author

Gustaf Samelius, Alexander Kondratyev, Natalya A. Sokolova, Ester Rut Unnsteinsdóttir, Arild Landa, Alice A. Stickney, Niels Martin Schmidt, Brigitte Sabard, Tuomo Ollila, Rasmus Erlandsson, Rolf A. Ims, Heikki Henttonen, Olivier Gilg, Liliya Doronina, Jukka Niemimaa, James D. Roth, Aleksandr Sokolov, Dorothee Ehrich, Liya Pokrovskaya, Eva Fuglei, Siw Turid Killengreen, Benoît Sittler, Helmut Kruckenberg, Nina E. Eide, Anna Y. Rodnikova, Elena Kruchenkova, Anders Angerbjörn, Øystein Flagstad, Anne-Mathilde Thierry, Nikita Ovsyanikov, Johannes Lang, Karin Norén, Paula A. White, M. E. Goltsman, Eric Buchel, Ivan Pokrovsky, Dominique Berteaux, Irina E. Menyushina, Olga Kulikova, Ray T. Alisauskas, Julia Mikhnevich, Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Centre for Northern Studies, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Zoology [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Norwegian Polar Institute, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Institute for Waterbird and Wetlands Research, Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Working Group for Wildlife Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Parks and Wildlife, Metsähallitus, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Biological Sciences [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, The Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Center for Tropical Research (|os Angeles] (CTR), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), and University of California-University of California

Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, 0106 biological sciences, Vulpes, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Distribution (economics), Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, lcsh:Oceanography, biology.animal, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, Arctic fox, lcsh:GC1-1581, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, biodiversity indicator, lcsh:GE1-350, biology, Ecology, business.industry, Arctic ecosystems, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Circumpolar star, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Alopex lagopus, biodiversity assessment, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Lagopus, data management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, protocol harmonization
Abstract

Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2017.1319602 The biodiversity working group of the Arctic Council has developed pan-Arctic biodiversity monitoring plans to improve our ability to detect, understand and report on long-term change in Arctic biodiversity. The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) was identified as a target of future monitoring because of its circumpolar distribution, ecological importance and reliance on Arctic ecosystems. We provide the first exhaustive survey of contemporary Arctic fox monitoring programmes, describing 34 projects located in eight countries. Monitored populations covered equally the four climate zones of the species’ distribution, and there were large differences between populations in long-term trends, multi-annual fluctuations, diet composition, degree of competition with red fox and human interferences. Den density, number of active dens, number of breeding dens and litter size were assessed in almost all populations, while projects varied greatly with respect to monitoring of other variables indicative of population status, ecosystem state or ecosystem function. We review the benefits, opportunities and challenges to increased integration of monitoring projects. We argue that better harmonizing protocols of data collection and data management would allow new questions to be addressed while adding tremendous value to individual projects. However, despite many opportunities, challenges remain. We offer six recommendations that represent decisive progress toward a better integration of Arctic fox monitoring projects. Further, our work serves as a template that can be used to integrate monitoring efforts of other species, thereby providing a key step for future assessments of global biodiversity.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Flexibility in otherwise consistent non-breeding movements of a long-distance migratory seabird, the long-tailed skua

Author

Rob van Bemmelen, Loïc Bollache, Jannik Hansen, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Børge Moe, Ingrid Tulp, Johannes Lang, Olivier Gilg, Niels Martin Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485 Trondheim, Norway, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique ( GREA ), Chair for Nature Protection and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Dutch Montagu’s Harrier Foundation, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Both group

Subjects
ATLANTIC, 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Individual consistency · Repeatability · Stercorarius longicaudus · Seabirds · Tracking · Non-breeding movements · Flexibility, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], CONSERVATION, MODELS, TRANS-EQUATORIAL MIGRATION, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Stercorarius longicaudus, Onderzoeksformatie, OCEAN, ALBATROSSES, individual consistency, DISPERSAL, biology.animal, Repeatability, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Flexibility (personality), tracking, biology.organism_classification, TERNS STERNA-PARADISAEA, Seabirds, Geolocation, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Geography, Arctic, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, NAVIGATION, WIAS, non-breeding movements, Biological dispersal, Seabird, Flexibility, BEHAVIOR
Abstract

Quantifying within- and between-individual variation in animal migration strategies is a first step towards our understanding of the ability of migrants to adjust to changes in the en - vironment. We studied consistency (or, conversely, flexibility) in movement patterns at large (>1000 km) to meso-scales (100−1000 km) during the non-breeding season of the long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus, a long-distance migratory Arctic seabird, using light-based geolocation. We obtained 97 annual tracks of 38 individuals and quantified similarity between routes. Overall, tracks of the same individual were generally within about 200 to 300 km of their previous year’s route, and more similar than tracks of different individuals. Some flexibility was observed during migration, but individuals were faithful to their staging areas in the North Atlantic and in the Benguela Current off Namibia and South Africa. Over the course of the winter, an increasing number of individuals started to deviate—up to 5200 km—from the previous year’s route. Intriguingly, individuals could be highly consistent between 2 consecutive years and flexible between other years. Site-shifts in late winter seem to reflect responses to local conditions, but what promotes this larger flexibility remains unclear and requires further study. Our results show that individual long-tailed skuas are generally consistent in their itineraries, but can show considerable flexibility in some years. The flexibility in itineraries suggests that long-tailed skuas are able to adjust to environmental change, but the mechanisms leading to the observed within- and between-individual variation in movement patterns are still poorly understood. Individual consistency · Repeatability · Stercorarius longicaudus · Seabirds · Tracking · Non-breeding movements · Flexibility

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Author

Jonathan T. Coleman, Laura McKinnon, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Megan L. Boldenow, Olivier Gilg, Brett K. Sandercock, Ken Gosbell, Phil F. Battley, Willow B. English, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Andrew Johnson, Nicolas Lecomte, Jennie Rausch, Bruce Casler, Loïc Bollache, Erica Nol, Ron Porter, David B. Lank, Johannes Lang, Nelli Rönkä, Joseph R. Liebezeit, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Benoît Sittler, Joël Bêty, Vanessa Loverti, Emily L. Weiser, Chris J. Hassell, Jean-François Lamarre, Stephen Yezerinac, Jim Helmericks, Kristine M. Sowl, David H. Ward, Rebecca Bentzen, H. River Gates, Mary Anne Bishop, Jesse R. Conklin, Borgny Katrinardottir, David S. Mizrahi, Kari Koivula, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, Clive Minton, Jeroen Reneerkens, Eunbi Kwon, Johanna Perz, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, Maureen Christie, Audrey R. Taylor, Richard B. Lanctot, Piersma group, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Wildlife Conservation Society, Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Prince William Sound Science Center, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Victorian Wader Study Group, Queensland Wader Study Group, Chair in Global Flyway Ecology - Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), ABR, Inc. - Environmental Research and Services, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Australasian Wader Studies Group, Global Flyway Network, Helmericks Homestead, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Ecology Department, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Institute of Animal Ecology and Nature Education, Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Audubon Society of Portland, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Biology, Trent University, Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, York University [Toronto], New Jersey Audubon Society, Delaware Bay Shorebird Project, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Montana, Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Alaska [Anchorage], US Geological Survey [Anchorage], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Massey University-Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Université du Québec A Rimouski ( UQAR ), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques ( CEN ), Université Laval, University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences ( GELIFES ), Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Cornell University, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, University of Alaska Anchorage, and United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Population, Breeding success, Bird migration, Zoology, Return rates, shorebirds, Subspecies, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Nest, FLightR, geolocator, GeoLight, FLightR, migration, annual schedules, precision, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Migration, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geolocation tracking, Global location sensor (GLS), Hatching, Ecology, Research, WADERS CHARADRII, Waders, Geologger, Tracking methods, GeoLight, Research impacts, annual schedules, geolocation, Arctic, Animal ecology, geolocator, precision, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, bird migration, shorebird migration
Abstract

Background Geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. We tested for effects of geolocators (0.8–2.0 g total, representing 0.1–3.9 % of mean body mass) on 16 species of migratory shorebirds, including five species with 2–4 subspecies each for a total of 23 study taxa. Study species spanned a range of body sizes (26–1091 g) and eight genera, and were tagged at 23 breeding and eight nonbreeding sites. We compared breeding performance and return rates of birds with geolocators to control groups while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results We detected negative effects of tags for three small-bodied species. Geolocators reduced annual return rates for two of 23 taxa: by 63 % for semipalmated sandpipers and by 43 % for the arcticola subspecies of dunlin. High resighting effort for geolocator birds could have masked additional negative effects. Geolocators were more likely to negatively affect return rates if the total mass of geolocators and color markers was 2.5–5.8 % of body mass than if tags were 0.3–2.3 % of body mass. Carrying a geolocator reduced nest success by 42 % for semipalmated sandpipers and tripled the probability of partial clutch failure in semipalmated and western sandpipers. Geolocators mounted perpendicular to the leg on a flag had stronger negative effects on nest success than geolocators mounted parallel to the leg on a band. However, parallel-band geolocators were more likely to reduce return rates and cause injuries to the leg. No effects of geolocators were found on breeding movements or changes in body mass. Among-site variation in geolocator effect size was high, suggesting that local factors were important. Conclusions Negative effects of geolocators occurred only for three of the smallest species in our dataset, but were substantial when present. Future studies could mitigate impacts of tags by reducing protruding parts and minimizing use of additional markers. Investigators could maximize recovery of tags by strategically deploying geolocators on males, previously marked individuals, and successful breeders, though targeting subsets of a population could bias the resulting migratory movement data in some species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40462-016-0077-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Climate change and cyclic predator–prey population dynamics in the high Arctic

Author

Ilkka Hanski, Olivier Gilg, and Benoît Sittler

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Extinction, Ecology, biology, Collared lemming, Global change, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Population cycle
Abstract

The high Arctic has the world’s simplest terrestrial vertebrate predator–prey community, with the collared lemming being the single main prey of four predators, the snowy owl, the Arctic fox, the long-tailed skua, and the stoat. Using a 20-year-long time series of population densities for the five species and a dynamic model that has been previously parameterized for northeast Greenland, we analyzed the population and community level consequences of the ongoing and predicted climate change. Species’ responses to climate change are complex, because in addition to the direct effects of climate change, which vary depending on species’ life histories, species are also affected indirectly due to, e.g., predator–prey interactions. The lemming–predator community exemplifies these complications, yet a robust conclusion emerges from our modeling: in practically all likely scenarios of how climate change may influence the demography of the species, climate change increases the length of the lemming population cycle and decreases the maximum population densities. The latter change in particular is detrimental to the populations of the predators, which are adapted to make use of the years of the greatest prey abundance. Therefore, climate change will indirectly reduce the predators’ reproductive success and population densities, and may ultimately lead to local extinction of some of the predator species. Based on these results, we conclude that the recent anomalous observations about lack of cyclic lemming dynamics in eastern Greenland may well be the first signs of a severe impact of climate change on the lemming–predator communities in Greenland and elsewhere in the high Arctic.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Demographic responses of a site-faithful and territorial predator to its fluctuating prey: long-tailed skuas and arctic lemmings

Author

Rolf A. Ims, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Frédéric Barraquand, Olivier Gilg, Benoît Sittler, Toke T. Høye, John-André Henden, Niels Martin Schmidt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Bioscience, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Research funded by the Biodiversa ECOCYCLES program, and by the French Polar Institute (IPEV, 'Interactions' program 1036)., University of Tromsø ( UiT ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Greenland, Population Dynamics, Population, Territoriality, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Predation, Charadriiformes, floaters, territoriality, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Population growth, 14. Life underwater, environmental variance, demographic buffering, education, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Arvicolinae, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Predatory Behavior, Population cycle, Animal Science and Zoology, Vole, population cycles, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Summary1. Environmental variability, through interannual variation in food availability or climaticvariables, is usually detrimental to population growth. It can even select for constancy in keylife-history traits, though some exceptions are known. Changes in the level of environmentalvariability are therefore important to predict population growth or life-history evolution.Recently, several cyclic vole and lemming populations have shown large dynamical changesthat might affect the demography or life-histories of rodent predators.2. Skuas constitute an important case study among rodent predators, because of theirstrongly saturating breeding productivity (they lay only two eggs) and high degree of sitefidelity, in which they differ from nomadic predators raising large broods in good rodentyears. This suggests that they cannot capitalize on lemming peaks to the same extent asnomadic predators and might be more vulnerable to collapses of rodent cycles.3. We develop a model for the population dynamics of long-tailed skuas feeding on lemmingsto assess the demographic consequences of such variable and non-stationary prey dynamics,based on data collected in NE Greenland. The model shows that populations of long-tailedskua sustain well changes in lemming dynamics, including temporary collapses (e.g. 10 years).A high floater-to-breeder ratio emerges from rigid territorial behaviour and a long-life expec-tancy, which buffers the impact of adult abundance’s decrease on the population reproductiveoutput.4. The size of the floater compartment is affected by changes in both mean and coefficient ofvariation of lemming densities (but not cycle amplitude and periodicity per se). In Greenland,the average lemming density is below the threshold density required for successful breeding(including during normally cyclic periods). Due to Jensen’s inequality, skuas therefore benefitfrom lemming variability; a positive effect of environmental variation.5. Long-tailed skua populations are strongly adapted to fluctuating lemming populations, aninstance of demographic lability in the reproduction rate. They are also little affected by poorlemming periods, if there are enough floaters, or juveniles disperse to neighbouring popula-tions. The status of Greenland skua populations therefore strongly depends upon floaternumbers and juvenile movements, which are not known. This reveals a need to intensifycolour-ringing efforts on the long-tailed skua at a circumpolar scale.Key-words: demographic buffering, environmental variance, floaters, population cycles,territoriality

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Trans-equatorial migration routes, staging sites and wintering areas of a High-Arctic avian predator: the Long-tailed Skua (Stercorarius longicaudus)

Author

Jeroen Reneerkens, Jannik Hansen, Johannes Lang, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Olivier Gilg, Jérôme Moreau, Richard A. Phillips, Loïc Bollache, Børge Moe, Thomas Oudman, Elisabeth M. Biersma, Olivier Chastel, Benoît Sittler, Brigitte Sabard, Anette A. Fenstad, Niels Martin Schmidt, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Arctic Research Centre, Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Animal Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé ( CEBC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Arctic Centre, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ), Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Institute of Animal Ecology and Nature Education, Support to this study from the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, the French Polar Institut (IPEV, project '1036-Interactions'), the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA), the Fram Centre, Arctic Field Grant, and from the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Arctic and Antarctic studies, and Piersma group

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Greenland, lcsh:Medicine, habitat, Breeding, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Svalbard, Marine Conservation, Stercorarius longicaudus, Ornithology, Flyway, Oceans, movements, north-atlantic, lcsh:Science, Atlantic Ocean, atlantic-ocean, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Animal Behavior, biology, Arctic Regions, Marine Ecology, dynamics, tracking, Geography, geolocation, Biogeography, climate-change, Seasons, Seabird, reveals, pelagic seabird, Research Article, Marine Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Birds, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Southern Hemisphere, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Marine and aquatic sciences, Fishery, Earth sciences, Arctic, Predatory Behavior, Upwelling, Animal Migration, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oceanic basin, Zoology
Abstract

The Long-tailed Skua, a small (,300 g) Arctic-breeding predator and seabird, is a functionally very important component of the Arctic vertebrate communities in summer, but little is known about its migration and winter distribution. We used lightlevel geolocators to track the annual movements of eight adult birds breeding in north-east Greenland (n = 3) and Svalbard (n = 5). All birds wintered in the Southern Hemisphere (mean arrival-departure dates on wintering grounds: 24 October-21 March): five along the south-west coast of Africa (0–40uS, 0–15uE), in the productive Benguela upwelling, and three further south (30–40uS, 0–50uE), in an area extending into the south-west Indian Ocean. Different migratory routes and rates of travel were documented during post-breeding (345 km d21 in late August-early September) and spring migrations (235 km d21 in late April) when most birds used a more westerly flyway. Among the different staging areas, a large region off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland appears to be the most important. It was used in autumn by all but one of the tracked birds (from a few days to three weeks) and in spring by five out of eight birds (from one to more than six weeks). Two other staging sites, off the Iberian coast and near the Azores, were used by two birds in spring for five to six weeks. Over one year, individuals travelled between 43,900 and 54,200 km (36,600–45,700 when excluding staging periods) and went as far as 10,500–13,700 km (mean 12,800 km) from their breeding sites. This study has revealed important marine areas in both the south and north Atlantic Ocean. Sustainable management of these ocean basins will benefit Long-tailed Skuas as well as other trans-equatorial migrants from the Arctic. © 2013 Gilg et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Response of an arctic predator guild to collapsing lemming cycles

Author

Lars H. Hansen, Eva Fuglei, Jannik Hansen, Benoît Sittler, Niels Martin Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Toke T. Høye, Rolf A. Ims, Magnus Lund, Mads C. Forchhammer, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Bioscience, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø ( UiT ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Institut für Landespflege, and University of Freiburg [Freiburg]

Subjects
Food Chain, Carnivora, Greenland, Population Dynamics, Population, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Birds, Arctic, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, biology.animal, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Arctic fox, Keystone species, education, Predator, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, predator-prey interaction, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Arctic Regions, Arvicolinae, Ecology, Reproduction, Collared lemming, cyclic population dynamics, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, climate change, Guild, Population cycle, Seasons, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

6 pages; International audience; Alpine and arctic lemming populations appear to be highly sensitive to climate change, and when faced with warmer and shorter winters, their well-known high-amplitude population cycles may collapse. Being keystone species in tundra ecosystems, changed lemming dynamics may convey significant knock-on effects on trophically linked species. Here, we analyse long-term (1988-2010), community-wide monitoring data from two sites in high-arctic Greenland and document how a collapse in collared lemming cyclicity affects the population dynamics of the predator guild. Dramatic changes were observed in two highly specialized lemming predators: snowy owl and stoat. Following the lemming cycle collapse, snowy owl fledgling production declined by 98 per cent, and there was indication of a severe population decline of stoats at one site. The less specialized long-tailed skua and the generalist arctic fox were more loosely coupled to the lemming dynamics. Still, the lemming collapse had noticeable effects on their reproductive performance. Predator responses differed somewhat between sites in all species and could arise from site-specific differences in lemming dynamics, intra-guild interactions or subsidies from other resources. Nevertheless, population extinctions and community restructuring of this arctic endemic predator guild are likely if the lemming dynamics are maintained at the current non-cyclic, low-density state.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Post-breeding migration of four Long-tailed Skuas (Stercorarius longicaudus) from North and East Greenland to West Africa

Author

Olivier Gilg, Adrian Aebischer, Benoît Sittler, Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Museum of Natural History, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Division of Population Biology, Financial support from the Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique and from the Musée d'histoire naturelle de Fribourg., Musée d'histoire naturelle Fribourg, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Satellite tracking, Long-tailed Skua, Population, Greenland, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Skua, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Stercorarius longicaudus, Seasonal breeder, 14. Life underwater, education, Staging area, Rates of travel, geography, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Upwelling, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Tundra, Fishery, Archipelago, Post-breeding migration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

7 pages; International audience; The Long-tailed Skua (Stercorarius longicaudus) is a specialist predator of lemmings during the summer and hence an important component of the tundra ecosystems, but most of its life cycle takes place offshore and remains largely unknown outside of the breeding season. Using 9.5-g solar-powered satellite transmitters, we were able to document for the first time the post-breeding movements of the Long-tailed Skua, from its high-Arctic breeding-grounds in North and Eastern Greenland to the tropical waters of West Africa. The birds traveled the approximately 10,000 km of this migration in only 3-5 weeks, covering 800-900 km/day during active migration, which also occurred during nighttime. Leaving their breeding areas in August (except for one failed breeder), the Long-tailed Skuas first moved south along the coast of East Greenland towards a staging area off the Canadian Great Banks where they stayed for 1-3 weeks. From there, they crossed the Atlantic Ocean eastwards in just 1 week, entering African waters near the Madeira Archipelago in September. Although only four birds were monitored for 1.5-3 months, the data reveal that the migration routes between birds breeding in different locations and in different years were relatively similar.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland

Author

Benoît Sittler, Raphaël Sané, Arnaud Hurstel, Brigitte Sabard, Ilkka Hanski, Olivier Gilg, Pierre Delattre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], and Project funded by the French Polar Institute (project no 352), the Academy of Finland (project no 52045), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (D), the Town of Dijon (F), the Groupe de Recherches en Ecologie Arctique and the Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation sur les Milieux Polaires.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, Numerical response, Ecology, Collared lemming, Functional response, DEMOGRAPHIE, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Predation, DICROSTONYX GROENLANDICUS, 010601 ecology, Stercorarius longicaudus, Lagopus, Population cycle, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Gilg, O., Sittler, B., Sabard, B., Hurstel, A., Sane, R., Delattre, P. and Hanski, I. 2006. Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland. - Oikos 113: 193-216. The high-arctic tundra ecosystem has the world's simplest vertebrate predator-prey community, with only four predators preying upon one rodent species, the collared lemming {Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). We document the functional and numerical responses of all the four predators in NE Greenland. Using these data, we assess the impact of predation on the dynamics of the collared lemming with a 4 yr cycle and > 100-fold difference between maximum and minimum densities. All predator species feed mostly ( >90%) on lemmings when lemming density is > 1 ha~ \ but the shapes of the predators' responses vary greatly. The snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca) is present and breeds only when lemming densities at snowmelt are >2 ha~ \ giving rise to a step-like numerical response. The long- tailed skua {Stercorarius longicaudus) has a type III functional response and shifts from alternate food (mainly berries and insects) to lemmings with increasing lemming density. The skua surpasses all the other predators in summer by its total response. The type III functional response of the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) starts to increase at much lower lemming densities than the responses of the avian predators, but it has only a weak numerical response. Finally, the stoat (Mustela erminea) is the most specialized predator and the only one with a clearly delayed numerical response. According to their specific functional and numerical responses, each predator plays a key role at some point of the lemming cycle, but only the stoat has the potential to drive the lemming cycle. Stoat predation is greatly reduced in the winter preceding the lemming peak, and it reaches a maximum in the winter preceding the lowest lemming summer density. Stoat predation appears to maintain low lemming densities for at least two successive years. Our study provides empirical support for the specialist predator hypothesis about small mammal population cycles

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Cyclic dynamics in a simple vertebrate predator-prey community

Author

Ilkka Hanski, Olivier Gilg, and Benoît Sittler

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Numerical response, Carnivora, Greenland, Population Dynamics, Foxes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Population density, Models, Biological, Predation, Birds, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Predator, Ecosystem, Population Density, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Arvicolinae, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Collared lemming, biology.organism_classification, Strigiformes, Tundra, Density dependence, Predatory Behavior, Female, Seasons
Abstract

The collared lemming in the high-Arctic tundra in Greenland is preyed upon by four species of predators that show marked differences in the numbers of lemmings each consumes and in the dependence of their dynamics on lemming density. A predatorprey model based on the field-estimated predator responses robustly predicts 4-year periodicity in lemming dynamics, in agreement with long-term empirical data. There is no indication in the field that food or space limits lemming population growth, nor is there need in the model to consider those factors. The cyclic dynamics are driven by a 1-year delay in the numerical response of the stoat and stabilized by strongly density-dependent predation by the arctic fox, the snowy owl, and the long-tailed skua.

Published
2003

19. Low Abundance of King Eider Nests during Low Lemming Years in Northeast Greenland

Author

Thomas B. Berg, Olivier Gilg, and Benoît Sittler

Subjects
somateria spectabilis, biology, Ecology, Animal food, Collared lemming, Greenland, collared lemming, alopex lagopus, biology.organism_classification, Eider, Predation, Geography, Arctic, king eider, Somateria spectabilis, arctic fox, biology.animal, Population cycle, Arctic fox, population cycles, predation, dicrostonyx groenlandicus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Long-term surveys on Traill Island (Northeast Greenland) show that numbers of king eider (Somateria spectabilis) nests are correlated with high densities of collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). These observations match other zoological records from this region and agree with similar observations recorded elsewhere for arctic geese. Processes at work may be related to the fact that mammalian predators focus on lemmings when lemming numbers are high, but exert higher predation pressure on other prey at low lemming densities. Predators seem to increase their search effort during such low lemming years, thus increasing the likelihood that they will discover eider nests. This study highlights the importance of studying patterns at the community level in any attempt to interpret cyclic fluctuations in northern ecosystems.

Published
2000

20. Census of breeding seabirds on the northwest coast of Svalbard 1973 and 1978

Author

Christian Kempf and Benoît Sittler

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Quantitative survey, Oil exploration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology (disciplines), Census, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Arctic, biology.animal, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, Seabird, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The western coast of Svalbard is one of the world's most important seabird regions (Belopol'skij 1961; Løvenskiold 1964; Norderhaug et al. 1977), due to the favourable water temperatures, light regime and amounts of mineral salts (Norderhaug et al. 1977). Seabirds have been censused several times in this area (Kristoffersen 1962; Larsen 1965; Dhondt et al.1969; Voisin 1970; Norderhaug 1974; Sendstad 1978; Alendal et al. 1982). Except for Larsen (1965), there is no comprehensive and quantitative survey of any part of northwestern Svalbard. Further east, Jepsen & Mobæk (1983) surveyed the area between Gråhuken and Nordaustìandet. Recent concern about the potentially detrimental effects of planned oil exploration and increased human activities in the high Arctic has emphasized the need for more information on the ecology in these regions. This paper provides more comprehensive data on seabird populations in northwestern Svalbard, between southern Prins Karls Forland and Verlegenhuken. The results supplement the studies carried out in 1978 and 1979 by Jepsen & Mobæk (1983) between Verlegenhuken and Kong Karls Land.

Published
1988
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results