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1. West Nile virus infection in horses, Indian ocean

Author

Mahmad Reshad Jaumally, Camille Bernard, M. Roger, Marie-Marie Olive, Julie Ravaomanana, Catherine Cetre-Sossah, Stéphan Zientara, Sylvie Lecollinet, Jimmie Melanie, Eric Cardinale, Deodass Meenowa, Vincent Michel Rakotoharinome, Jean-Michel Heraud, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Ministère de l'Agriculture, l'Elevage, la Pêche, Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural, Ministère des Agro-Industries, Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Ressources Marines, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This study was conducted in connection with AnimalRisk/TROI, a research program on emerging animal diseases in the Indian Ocean, funded by FEDER POCT (European Union, Regional Council of Reunion and French government) under the DP One Health-OI., École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA)

Subjects
Antibody prevalence, Veterinary medicine, viruses, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, L73 - Maladies des animaux, 0403 veterinary science, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Immunology and Allergy, Indian Ocean, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Épidémiologie, Flavivirus, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, West Nile virus, geographic locations, Genre humain, 040301 veterinary sciences, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microbiology, Virus des animaux, Sérologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Neutralization Tests, biology.animal, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, Horses, Transmission des maladies, West Nile Virus Infection, General Veterinary, Animal, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Equidae, Morbidité, biology.organism_classification, nervous system diseases, Indian ocean, Enquête pathologique, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Horse Diseases, West Nile Fever, Cheval
Abstract

International audience; The circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in horses was investigated in the Southwest Indian ocean. In 2010, blood samples were collected from a total of 303 horses originating from Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and the Seychelles and tested for WNV-specific antibodies. An overall seroprevalence of 27.39% was detected in the Indian Ocean with the highest WNV antibody prevalence of 46.22% (95% CI: [37.4–55.2%]) in Madagascar. The age and origin of the horses were found to be associated with the WNV infection risk. This paper presents the first seroprevalence study investigating WN fever in horses in the Southwest Indian Ocean area and indicates a potential risk of infection for humans and animals. In order to gain a better understanding of WN transmission cycles, WNV surveillance needs to be implemented in each of the countries.

Published
2017
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2. Genetic variability of nitrogen use efficiency in rainfed upland rice

Author

Alain Ramanantsoanirina, Nourollah Ahmadi, Pierre Roumet, Tatiana Rakotoson, Philippe Letourmy, Isabelle Ratsimiala Ramonta, Julie Dusserre, Tuong-Vi Cao, Louis-Marie Raboin, Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Faculté des sciences, Université de Goma, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Cariplo Foundation, and Agropolis Foundation

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, madagascar, Disponibilité nutriments (sol), variabilité génétique, Upland rice, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Région d'altitude, upland rice, genetic variability, 2. Zero hunger, biology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Nutrition des plantes, Rendement des cultures, Fertilizer, Génotype, Limiting factor, Efficacité d'utilisation, Intéraction génotype environnement, Azote, low input, Soil Science, Oryza sativa, Context (language use), Teneur en azote, engineering.material, Oryza, Variation génétique, Riz pluvial, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Genetic variability, nitrogen utilization efficiency, Panicle, Méthode statistique, Sol, rice, nitrogène, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, oryza, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, nitrogen uptake efficiency, Agronomy and Crop Science, F04 - Fertilisation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

AGAP : équipe GE2pop; In sub-Saharan Africa and in Madagascar, upland rice is mostly grown for subsistence by resource-poor farmers in low-input production systems with low yields. In this context, soil nitrogen availability is a major limiting factor. To determine the appropriate breeding strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), the genetic variability and the level of G × N interaction of NUE need to be evaluated. NUE and its components are complex quantitative traits and the study of their relationship with other simpler traits should help understand the mechanisms involved in NUE and identify ways to improve it. A study was conducted at mid-altitude in Madagascar using 13 adapted tropical japonica rice varieties over three cropping seasons with two contrasted levels of applied N (high N with 90–120 kg N ha−1 as urea and low N without mineral fertilizer) in rainfed upland conditions. Year × N and Year × G interactions were significant due to contrasted rainfall distributions across the three cropping seasons. Agronomic efficiencies of N fertilization were low (11.5 kg grain kg−1 N in the best year) because of N loss through leaching or volatilization. Our results also suggest gaseous loss of N by plants between flowering and harvest, particularly under the high N treatment. The experiment revealed significant genetic variability for NUE, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUPE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUTE) in both high N and low N treatments but a low level of G × N interaction. The variation in NUPE accounted for more of the variation in NUE than the variation in NUTE. There was no correlation between NUPE and NUTE, either under high N or under low N. We found no negative relationship between grain yield and grain N concentration under low N. The relationship between NUE and agronomic and N-related traits differed from one year to the next, illustrating the plasticity of the contribution of the different agronomic traits to NUE as a function of the contrasted climatic conditions (particularly the rainfall distribution pattern). However, two traits, the number of panicles per m2 and the harvest index were consistently positively correlated with NUE. The difference between total N uptake at flowering and at harvest was positively correlated with NUE, particularly under the low N treatment.

Published
2017
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3. Attractancy of bacterivorous nematodes to root-adhering soils differs according to rice cultivars

Author

Alain Ramanantsoanirina, Mathilde Sester, Eric Blanchart, Laurent Cournac, Jean Trap, Mahafaka Patricia Ranoarisoa, Claude Plassard, Kirsten Vom Brocke, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire des Radio Isotopes, Université d'Antananarivo, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), SRR FOFIFA, Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UMR Eco&Sols, LMI IESOL, Centre IRD/ISRA de Bel Air, Labex Agro: ANR-10-LabX-001-01, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des Radio-Isotopes (LRI), Université d'Antananarivo, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), Laboratoire des RadioIsotopes (LRI), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, exsudat, sol ferrallitique, madagascar, Plant Science, Upland rice cultivar, Acrobeloides sp, Nematode attractancy, Ferrallitic soil, Madagascar, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Interactions biologiques, Cultivar, nématode, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, Vegetal Biology, riziculture, nématode bactériophage, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Physiologie végétale, Horticulture, medicine.symptom, Micro-organisme du sol, Nématode à vie libre, Exudate, Ferralsol, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Soil Science, Oryza sativa, Biology, transudates, Invertebrate Zoology, medicine, Riz pluvial, ferrallitic soil, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant breeding, Variété, Inoculation, fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Zoologie des invertébrés, Amélioration des plantes, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Nematode, Agronomy, Rhizosphère, rice growing, Striga asiatica, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

We tested the ability of root-adhering soils (RAS) from eight rice cultivars to attract a bacterivorous nematode (Acrobeloides sp.) living in a poor-nutrient soil in Madagascar. We showed that the ability of rice to attract bacterivorous nematodes in its rhizosphere is variable among cultivars. FOFIFA 172 was the cultivar with the highest attraction value, the lowest root biomass (RB) and the highest RAS:RB ratio and RAS respiration. In contrast, nematodes exhibited strong repellent response to W880 RAS. Also, nematode attractancy was not related to rice resistance against pests (blast rice disease and Striga asiatica) neither to cultivar ability to grow at specific altitude. Our results suggest a trade-off in carbon allocation between plant biomass and root exudation driving nematode attractancy and raise questions about the impact of plant breeding on cultivar ability to interact with soil mutualists such as bacterivorous nematodes. Further investigations are required into (i) variation in root exudate quantity and composition among the eight cultivars and (ii) the response of rice cultivars to bacterivorous nematode inoculation.

Published
2017
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4. Association mapping of resistance to rice blast in upland field conditions

Author

Nourollah Ahmadi, Julien Frouin, Elsa Ballini, Alain Ramanantsoanirina, Didier Tharreau, Brigitte Courtois, Louis-Marie Raboin, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Résistance génétique, Analyse qualitative, Plant Science, Japonica, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Génétique des populations, Marqueur génétique, Association mapping, pathologie végétale, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Microbiology and Parasitology, food and beverages, Magnaporthe grisea, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Magnaporthe, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, regional study, Qualitative resistance, Original Article, rice, blast disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, quantitative resistance, qualitative resistance, protection des cultures, sélection végétale, résistance aux maladies, Locus des caractères quantitatifs, Soil Science, Locus (genetics), Oryza sativa, Biology, Plant disease resistance, Chromosome, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative resistance, Analyse quantitative, Variation génétique, Riz pluvial, étude régionale, Variété, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Genetic diversity, Génome, business.industry, Haplotype, biology.organism_classification, Blast disease, Biotechnology, resistance to diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, oryza, Rice, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Background Rice blast is one of the most damaging disease of rice. The use of resistant cultivars is the only practical way to control the disease in developing countries where most farmers cannot afford fungicides. However resistance often breaks down. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) allow high resolution exploration of rice genetic diversity for quantitative and qualitative resistance alleles that can be combined in breeding programs to achieve durability. We undertook a GWAS of resistance to rice blast using a tropical japonica panel of 150 accessions genotyped with 10,937 markers and an indica panel of 190 accessions genotyped with 14,187 markers. Results The contrasted distribution of blast disease scores between the indica and tropical japonica groups observed in the field suggest a higher level of quantitative resistance in the japonica panel than in the indica panel. In the japonica panel, two different loci significantly associated with blast resistance were identified in two experimental sites. The first, detected by seven SNP markers located on chromosome 1, colocalized with a cluster of four NBS-LRR including the two cloned resistance genes Pi37 and Pish/Pi35. The second is located on chromosome 12 and is associated with partial resistance to blast. In the indica panel, we identified only one locus associated with blast resistance. The three markers significantly detected at this locus were located on chromosome 8 in the 240 kb region carrying Pi33, which encompasses a cluster of three nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRRs) and six LRR-kinases in the Nipponbare sequence. Within this region, there is an insertion in the IR64 sequence compared to the Nipponbare sequence which also contains resistance gene analogs. Pi33 may belong to this insertion. The analysis of haplotype diversity in the target region revealed two distinct haplotypes, both associated with Pi33 resistance. Conclusions It was possible to identify three chromosomal regions associated with resistance in the field through GWAS in this study. Future research should concentrate on specific indica markers targeting the identified insertion in the Pi33 zone. Specific experimental designs should also be implemented to dissect quantitative resistance among tropical japonica varieties. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-016-0131-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016
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5. A survey of mangiferin and hydroxycinnamic acid ester accumulation in coffee (Coffea) leaves: biological implications and uses

Author

Aaron P. Davis, Philippe La Fisca, Laurence Mondolot, Emmanuel Couturon, Arsene Rakotondravao, Christian Jay-Allemand, Jean-Jacques Rakotomalala, Annick Gargadennec, Claudine Campa, Luc P. R. Bidel, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Agence Universitaire Francophone (AUF), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Arabica coffee, Coumaric Acids, Canephora, Xanthones, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], C. arabica, Coffea, Plant Science, phenolic compounds, Biology, hydroxycinnamic acids, Photosynthesis, phylogeny, 01 natural sciences, mangiferin, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, chlorogenic acids, Botany, Hydroxybenzoates, Madagascar, Mangiferin, hybridization, 030304 developmental biology, Hybrid, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, C. canephora, robusta coffee, Genetic Variation, Esters, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Hydroxycinnamic acid, coffeeleaf tea, Plant Leaves, chemistry, Fruit, Africa, Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs), Composition (visual arts), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The phenolic composition of Coffea leaves has barely been studied, and therefore this study conducts the first detailed survey, focusing on mangiferin and hydroxycinnamic acid esters (HCEs). METHODS Using HPLC, including a new technique allowing quantification of feruloylquinic acid together with mangiferin, and histochemical methods, mangiferin content and tissue localization were compared in leaves and fruits of C. pseudozanguebariae, C. arabica and C. canephora. The HCE and mangiferin content of leaves was evaluated for 23 species native to Africa or Madagascar. Using various statistical methods, data were assessed in relation to distribution, ecology, phylogeny and use. KEY RESULTS Seven of the 23 species accumulated mangiferin in their leaves. Mangiferin leaf-accumulating species also contain mangiferin in the fruits, but only in the outer (sporophytic) parts. In both leaves and fruit, mangiferin accumulation decreases with ageing. A relationship between mangiferin accumulation and UV levels is posited, owing to localization with photosynthetic tissues, and systematic distribution in high altitude clades and species with high altitude representatives. Analyses of mangiferin and HCE content showed that there are significant differences between species, and that samples can be grouped into species, with few exceptions. These data also provide independent support for various Coffea lineages, as proposed by molecular phylogenetic analyses. Sampling of the hybrids C. arabica and C. heterocalyx cf. indicates that mangiferin and HCE accumulation may be under independent parental influence. CONCLUSIONS This survey of the phenolic composition in Coffea leaves shows that mangiferin and HCE accumulation corresponds to lineage recognition and species delimitation, respectively. Knowledge of the spectrum of phenolic accumulation within species and populations could be of considerable significance for adaptation to specific environments. The potential health benefits of coffee-leaf tea, and beverages and masticatory products made from the fleshy parts of Coffea fruits, are supported by our phenolic quantification.

Published
2012
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