Author: "Chang, Won" / Topic: biology - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

430 results on '"Chang, Won"'

1. Induction of cell migration by transient Wolbachia pipientis infection in Aedes albopictus cell line

Author: Young-Ran Ha, Se-Jin Jeong, Chang-Won Jang, and Hee-Il Lee
Subjects: Innate immune system, Host (biology), Cell growth, Cell migration, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, TLR2, Cell culture, Insect Science, parasitic diseases, bacteria, Wolbachia, Pathogen, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract: Wolbachia is a genus of maternally transmitted bacteria having an endosymbiotic relationship with arthropod and nematode species. These bacteria manipulate host development, sex-determination, and reproduction. In addition, they are known to potentially suppress vector-borne diseases by interfering with pathogen transmission. Although the occurrence of Wolbachia infection in insects has been known, the underlying mechanisms that mediate their interactions remain unclear. To examine the influence of Wolbachia adaptation on the host, we infected wAlbA and wAlbB strain from Aedes albopictus into the C6/36 cell line derived from Ae. albopictus. The transient Wolbachia infection was characterized by induction of cell migration without cell proliferation. The production of nitrite and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was induced by transient Wolbachia infection. Cells with transient Wolbachia infection exhibited elevated expression of Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88). Conversely, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, Cactus, Ankyrin, and Argonaute2 (AGO2) was inhibited upon Wolbachia infection. These results suggest that Wolbachia has an influence on the cell migration ability as well as host innate immune response in vitro. Considering these results, transient Wolbachia strain transfer in C6/36 cells might be an important approach for studying Wolbachia-host interactions and might help gain a deeper understanding of the early adaptation of Wolbachia in the original host insect.
Published: 2021

2. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng through comparative analysis of cardiac gene expression in db/db mice

Author: Young-Jin Jang, Adithan Aravinthan, Jong-Hoon Kim, Nam-Soo Kim, Mohammad Amjad Hossain, Chang-Won Kang, Bumseok Kim, and Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Microarray, Diabetic cardiac complication, Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), 03 medical and health sciences, Ginseng, Diabetes mellitus, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene profiling, Downregulation and upregulation, Internal medicine, Gene expression, Technical Note, medicine, Gene, Panax ginseng, Botany, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Complementary and alternative medicine, QK1-989, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biotechnology
Abstract: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an herbal oriental medicine known to alleviate cardiovascular dysfunction. To analysis the expression of diabetic cardiac complication-associated genes in db/db mice, we studied the cardiac gene expression following KRG treatment. In result, a total of 585 genes were found to be changed in db/db mice. Among the changed expression, 245 genes were found to 2-fold upregulated, and 340 genes were 2-fold downregulated. In addition, the changed gene expressions were ameliorated by KRG. In conclusion, KRG may be possible to normalize cardiac gene expressions in db/db mice.
Published: 2021

3. Avian Toll-like receptor 3 isoforms and evaluation of Toll-like receptor 3–mediated immune responses using knockout quail fibroblast cells

Author: Jinsoo Ahn, Chang-Won Lee, Mohamed Elaish, Joonbum Lee, Amir Ghorbani, John M. Ngunjiri, Michael C. Abundo, Kichoon Lee, and Krishnan Mahesh
Subjects: viruses, quail fibroblast cell, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, Quail, Virus, immune response, gene knockout, Birds, Immune system, Interferon, medicine, Animals, Protein Isoforms, CRISPR/Cas9, Cells, Cultured, Gene knockout, lcsh:SF1-1100, Toll-like receptor, Innate immune system, Immunity, virus diseases, MDA5, General Medicine, Fibroblasts, Immunology, Health and Disease, Molecular biology, Poly I-C, Toll-like receptor 3, TLR3, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, medicine.drug
Abstract: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) induces host innate immune response on recognition of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Although several studies of avian TLR3 have been reported, none of these studies used a gene knockout (KO) model to directly assess its role in inducing the immune response and effect on other dsRNA receptors. In this study, we determined the coding sequence of quail TLR3, identified isoforms, and generated TLR3 KO quail fibroblast (QT-35) cells using a CRISPR/Cas9 system optimized for avian species. The TLR3-mediated immune response was studied by stimulating the wild-type (WT) and KO QT-35 cells with synthetic dsRNA or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or infecting the cells with different RNA viruses such as influenza A virus, avian reovirus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. The direct poly(I:C) treatment significantly increased IFN-β and IL-8 gene expression along with the cytoplasmic dsRNA receptor, melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5), in WT cells, whereas no changes in all corresponding genes were observed in KO cells. We further confirmed the antiviral effects of poly(I:C)-induced TLR3-mediated immunity by demonstrating significant reduction of virus titer in poly(I:C)–treated WT cells, but not in TLR3 KO cells. On virus infection, varying levels of IFN-β, IL-8, TLR3, and MDA5 gene upregulation were observed depending on the viruses. No major differences in gene expression level were observed between WT and TLR3 KO cells, which suggests a relatively minor role of TLR3 in sensing and exerting immune response against the viruses tested in vitro. Our data show that quail TLR3 is an important endosomal dsRNA receptor responsible for regulation of type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine, and affect the expression of MDA5, another dsRNA receptor, most likely through cytokine-mediated communication.
Published: 2020

4. Polysaccharide isolated from persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells

Author: Chang-Won Cho, Hee-Do Hong, Young Kyoung Rhee, Won-Chul Lim, Nho-Eul Song, and Jae Woong Choi
Subjects: MAPK/ERK pathway, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Slug, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, Vimentin, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, 03 medical and health sciences, Polysaccharides, Structural Biology, Humans, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, A549 cell, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, General Medicine, Diospyros, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Recombinant Proteins, In vitro, Cell biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Plant Leaves, A549 Cells, biology.protein, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, Signal transduction, 0210 nano-technology, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
Abstract: In the present study, to verify the effect of polysaccharides derived from persimmon leaves (PLE) at epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), A549 cells were treated with TGF-β1 alone or co-treated with TGF-β1 and PLE (50 and 75 μg/mL). PLE-treated cells showed higher expression of E-cadherin and lower expression of N-cadherin and vimentin compared to TGF-β1-treated cells by inhibiting the levels of transcription factors, including Snail, Slug, and ZEB1, all associated with EMT. PLE also significantly decreased migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance through TGF-β1 mediated EMT suppression, whereby PLE inhibited the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 while cleaving PARP. These inhibitory effects of PLE against EMT, migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance were determined by activating the canonical SMAD2/3 and non-canonical ERK/p38 signaling pathways. Therefore, these results suggest that PLE could be used as a potential chemical therapeutic agent for early metastasis of lung cancer in vitro.
Published: 2020

5. Selective activation of the estrogen receptor-β by the polysaccharide from Cynanchum wilfordii alleviates menopausal syndrome in ovariectomized mice

Author: Tae-Gyu Lim, Jeong Hoon Lee, Mi Jang, Eun-Jung Lee, Taesoo Kim, Hee-Do Hong, Chang-Won Cho, and Hyunil Ha
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Ovariectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Estrogen receptor, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Polysaccharides, Structural Biology, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Estrogen Receptor beta, Humans, Molecular Biology, Protein kinase B, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Cynanchum, biology, Plant Extracts, business.industry, Menopausal Syndrome, Estrogens, Hormone replacement therapy (menopause), General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Endocrinology, Quality of Life, Osteocalcin, biology.protein, Ovariectomized rat, Alkaline phosphatase, Female, Menopause, 0210 nano-technology, business, Hormone
Abstract: The menopausal syndrome caused by rapid changes in hormone levels greatly influences the quality of life of women. Though hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used to treat the menopausal syndrome, it exhibits many side effects, including the risk of thrombosis, cardiovascular diseases, and increased incidence of breast cancer; thus, diversifying the interest for phytotherapy-based materials as alternatives to HRT. Here, we isolated a crude polysaccharide fraction (CWPF) from Cynanchum wilfordii root that alleviated the ovariectomy-induced uterine atrophy and bone loss without changes in plasma estradiol concentration in mice. Increased plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) in ovariectomized mice were also reduced to normal levels by CWPF administration. We found that the inhibitory effects of CWPF on menopausal symptoms were mediated by the estrogen receptor β (ER-β) specific activation, not ER-α. Moreover, CWPF treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting that CWPF alleviates post-menopausal symptoms by regulating ER-β related Akt signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that the polysaccharides corresponding to CWPF among the water-soluble extracts of CW could be used as a beneficial herbal alternative for the development of therapeutic agents to prevent menopausal syndrome in women.
Published: 2020

6. Prognostic relevance of biological subtype overrides that of TNM staging in breast cancer: discordance between stage and biology

Author: Jung, Hyun Ae, Park, Yeon Hee, Kim, Moonjin, Kim, Sungmin, Chang, Won Jin, Choi, Moon Ki, Hong, Jung Yong, Kim, Seok Won, Kil, Won Ho, Lee, Jeong Eon, Nam, Seok Jin, Ahn, Jin Seok, and Im, Young-Hyuck
Published: 2015
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7. Polysaccharides isolated from lotus leaves (LLEP) exert anti-osteoporotic effects by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis

Author: Youn-Hwan Hwang, Hee-Do Hong, Ami Lee, Young-Ran Song, Taesoo Kim, Seon-A Jang, Hyunil Ha, and Chang-Won Cho
Subjects: Osteoporosis, Lotus, Osteoclasts, Bone Marrow Cells, 02 engineering and technology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Osteogenesis, Polysaccharides, Structural Biology, Osteoclast, medicine, Animals, Lotus effect, Bone Resorption, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Transcription factor, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Activator (genetics), Chemistry, Macrophages, RANK Ligand, food and beverages, Cell Differentiation, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Plant Leaves, medicine.anatomical_structure, RANKL, biology.protein, Female, 0210 nano-technology, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Nelumbo nucifera, more commonly known as the Indian lotus, is an important plant that has been incorporated into traditional herbal remedies along the years. Even today, lotus leaves are considered reservoirs for bioactive compounds that can be used as nutritional supplements to treat various human diseases. However, despite the wide ranging biological activities of lotus polysaccharides, limited information is available regarding the anti-osteoporotic effects of these substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of pectinase-assisted extractable polysaccharides from lotus leaves (LLEP) on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found that LLEP markedly inhibited receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. It also revoked RANKL-induced activation of osteoclastogenic signals such as the expression of key transcription factors (i.e., c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1), resulting in a decrement in osteoclast-specific marker gene expressions. Microcomputed tomography and morphometric analysis revealed that a four-week oral administration of LLEP notably decreased trabecular bone loss. Taken together, our results suggest that LLEP can mitigate estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis, which makes it an excellent candidate for combating osteoporosis.
Published: 2020

8. Cystic dysplasia of the kidneys in extremely preterm infants following acute kidney injury

Author: Young Hwa Jung, Jeongmin Shin, Ji Young Kim, Seh Hyun Kim, Yo Han Ahn, and Chang Won Choi
Subjects: Male, Nephrology, medicine.medical_specialty, 030232 urology & nephrology, Renal function, Gestational Age, Infant, Premature, Diseases, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, urologic and male genital diseases, Kidney cysts, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Ductus Arteriosus, Patent, Ultrasonography, Kidney, biology, urogenital system, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Acute kidney injury, Infant, Acute Kidney Injury, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cystatin C, Dysplasia, Creatinine, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, biology.protein, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Kidney disease
Abstract: Various perinatal morbidities may adversely affect postnatal nephrogenesis in preterm infants. Kidney ultrasonographic findings following acute kidney injury (AKI) have not been well described in preterm infants. Herein, we describe three cases of extremely preterm infants who showed abnormal kidney ultrasonographic findings resembling dysplasia of the kidneys following AKI. Their median gestational age and birth weight were 25+6 (range 23+3–26+6) weeks and 620 (480–840) g, respectively. All infants suffered severe AKI during their third to seventh week of life. Their kidney function recovered with conventional management. Kidney ultrasonographies performed after AKI revealed increased kidney echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary differentiation, and multiple cortical cysts, which were similar to cystic dysplasia of the kidneys and were absent in previous kidney imaging. Three infants eventually developed at least one of the long-term kidney sequelae following AKI, including proteinuria, hypertension, and elevated levels of serum creatinine or cystatin C as determined during the last follow-up at the corrected age of 9–18 months. Based on these cases, we can infer that AKI occurring during the early postnatal period may result in dysplasia of the kidneys with cortical cysts in extremely preterm infants, which may lead to chronic kidney disease in their later life. It is useful to follow up not only laboratory parameters but also kidney ultrasonographic findings in extremely preterm infants who suffered AKI during their early postnatal periods.
Published: 2020

9. The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, <scp> Aedes albopictus </scp>

Author: Se-Jin Jeong, Hee-Il Lee, Shin‐Hyoung Cho, Chang-Won Jang, Young-Ran Ha, Hyunwoo Kim, and Kyu-Sik Chang
Subjects: Aedes albopictus, biology, medicine.drug_class, Tetracycline, Antibiotics, Zoology, Ovary, Reproductive physiology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, Insect Science, Tiger mosquito, medicine, Wolbachia, medicine.drug
Published: 2020

10. The effect of curative resection on fecal microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer: a prospective pilot study

Author: Byung Chang Kim, Min Jung Kim, Sung Sil Park, Kyung Su Han, Sung Chan Park, Chang Won Hong, Seung Jae Roh, Jae Hwan Oh, Dae Kyung Sohn, and Bun Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Gut microbiota, Gut flora, Gastroenterology, Colorectal neoplasms, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Prevotella, medicine, Clinical significance, Prospective cohort study, biology, business.industry, Cancer, Fusobacteria, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Fusobacterium, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Original Article, Surgery, business
Abstract: Purpose Although many studies have evaluated the association between intestinal microorganisms and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), only a few studies have investigated the changes in microorganisms following curative treatment for CRC. The current study analyzed changes in intestinal microbiota following curative surgery in CRC patients. Methods Stool samples were collected before and 6 months after surgery, from 11 patients with clinical stage III CRC, who underwent curative surgery between May 2017 and June 2017. Next, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and alpha diversity were evaluated using the Shannon index. The bacterial compositions of the stools were analyzed according to taxonomic rank at genus and phylum levels. Results OTUs and alpha diversity were significantly decreased following surgery (P < 0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively). The compositions of several bacterial taxa changed after surgery. At genus level, proportions of pathogens such as Campylobacter, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella, decreased after surgery (adjusted P < 0.05). At phylum level, the proportion of Fusobacteria decreased after surgery (adjusted P < 0.001). Conclusion Significant changes in intestinal microbial communities were noted following curative resection of CRC patients. Especially, decreases in pathogenic bacterial populations, such as Fusobacterium and Prevotella, which are known to be associated with CRC development, were detected even though OTUs and alpha diversity were decreased following curative resection. To determine and validate the clinical significance of these findings, large scale, prospective studies that include cancer prognoses are required.
Published: 2020

11. A gastric cancer cell derived extracellular compounds suppresses CD161+CD3- lymphocytes and aggravates tumor formation in a syngeneic mouse model

Author: Ki-Chul Hwang, Nam-Soo Kim, Chang-Won Kang, Judith Sharmila John Peter, Bumseok Kim, Jong-Hoon Kim, Aravinthan Adithan, and Amjad Hossain Mohammad
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, biology, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Granzyme B, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytokine, Immune system, Perforin, Tumor progression, Cancer cell, medicine, Extracellular, biology.protein, Tumor Expansion, Cancer research, Molecular Biology, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Evasion of the immune system is often associated with malignant tumors. The cancer cell microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression, but its mechanism is largely unknown. Here we show that an extracellular compound derived from gastric cancer (GC-EC) selectively suppresses CD161+CD3− natural killer (NK) cells. Splenocytes treated with GC-EC showed considerable proliferation and the CD161+CD3− NK cell population was time-dependently suppressed. Intracellular staining of IFN-γ was shown to be down-regulated in concert with granzyme B and perforin. A cytotoxicity assay of splenocytes treated with GC-EC against K-562 cells showed a significant reduction in cytolytic activity. Further, the immune-suppressive effect of GC-EC was more evident in a syngeneic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Animals treated with B16 F10 and GC-EC exhibited more aggravated tumor formation than animals treated with B16 F10 only. We demonstrated that inhibition of apoptosis while increasing PI3 K/AKT levels may provoke tumor formation by GC-EC. A cytokine array revealed the presence of several cytokines in GC-EC that negatively regulate immune cytolytic activity and could be potential candidates for immune-suppressive effects.
Published: 2020

12. Myeloid-Specific PTP1B Deficiency Attenuates Inflammation-Induced and Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis

Author: Chang-Won Hong, Youngkyun Lee, Hong-Hee Kim, Ji Hye Lee, Ka-Young Ryu, Nitin Kumar Pohkrel, Yong-Gun Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Myoung Ok Kim, Woo-Shin Kim, Hyejin Jung, Sung Hyun Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Min-Kyoung Song, and Young-Jin Youn
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ovariectomy, Osteoclasts, Inflammation, Bone resorption, Mice, Osteoclast, Osteogenesis, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Tyrosine, Bone Resorption, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1, biology, NFATC Transcription Factors, Chemistry, RANK Ligand, Cell Differentiation, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, RANKL, biology.protein, Phosphorylation, Female, PTPN1, medicine.symptom, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
Abstract: The differentiation and activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts are tightly regulated to maintain the homeostasis of healthy bones. In this study, the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) during osteoclastogenesis was studied in myeloid-specific Ptpn1-deficient (cKO) mice. The mRNA and protein expression of PTP1B increased during the formation of mature osteoclasts from mouse bone macrophages on stimulation with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL). The Ptpn1 cKO mice exhibited increased femoral trabecular bone volume with a decreased number and activity of osteoclasts compared with control mice. The in vitro culture of osteoclast precursors corroborated the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in cKO cells compared with control, with concomitantly decreased RANKL-dependent proliferation, lower osteoclast marker gene expression, reduced nuclear expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), diminished intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, and increased phosphorylation of Src on inhibitory tyrosine residue. In a ligature-induced periodontitis model, Ptpn1 cKO mice exhibited attenuated osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss following the induction of inflammation. The Ptpn1-deficient mice were similarly protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss compared with control mice. These results provide a novel regulatory role of PTP1B in osteoclastogenesis and suggest a potential as a therapeutic target for bone-lytic diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021

13. Comparative Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Osmolytes Analysis of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seedlings under an Aeroponics System with Different LED Light Sources

Author: Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad, Chang-Won Kang, Jung Dae Lim, Byeong Ryeol Ryu, Md. Jahirul Islam, Young Seok Lim, Md. Hafizur Rahman, and Md. Soyel Rana
Subjects: Chlorophyll b, Aeroponics, osmolytes, growth, Plant culture, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, Ascorbic acid, Photosynthesis, SB1-1110, Light intensity, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Osmolyte, Chlorophyll, Shoot, photosynthetic quantum yield, chlorophyll, hemp seedlings
Abstract: The performance of hemp seedlings was evaluated through morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, and osmolytes under 11 light treatments (10 LED light compositions + natural light) in an aeroponics system. The seedlings were brought under treatment at 25 days of age, where the light intensity was 300 µmol m−2s−1 and duration was 20 days. A higher leaf number and node number were observed in L10 (R4:B2:W2:FR1:UV1) and L11 (R2:B2:G2:W2:FR1:UV1), and a higher leaf length and leaf width were recorded in the L2 (white), L3 (R8:B2), and L5 (R7:B2:FR1) treatments. Furthermore, a higher shoot length was recorded in L3 (R8:B2), L6 (R6:B2:G1:FR1), and L9 (R6:B2:FR1:UV1) while roots developed more in the L1 (natural light), L5 (R7:B2:FR1), and L9 (R6:B2:FR1:UV1) treatments. On the other hand, the L3 (R8:B2) treatment manifested higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm). The hierarchical clustering and heatmap analysis revealed that higher leaf numbers and node numbers resulted in bushy plants with shorter shoots and longer roots. A negative correlation was also observed in photosynthetic traits (pigments and fluorescence) with osmolytes and root length. Importantly, the treatments L4 (R7:B2:G1), L6 (R6:B2:G1:FR1), L8 (R5:B2:G1:FR1:UV1), and L11 (R2:B2:G2:W2:FR1:UV1) manifested higher nodes with a higher osmolyte content, such as proline, ascorbic acid, total soluble carbohydrate, and sucrose, which may be a helpful indicator for higher branches and inflorescences, and ultimately higher cannabinoids accumulation in the plants. The approach and findings of this study could provide future research with the baseline information on optimizing the light composition to produce hemp plants with ideal phenotypes.
Published: 2021

14. Myostatin/Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASM) Ratio, Not Myostatin, Is Associated with Low Handgrip Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Women

Author: Jin Kuk Kim, Chul Hee Kim, Chang Won Won, Seung Duk Hwang, Hee-Sook Lim, Soo Jeong Choi, Gang Jee Ko, Moo Yong Park, Won Suk An, Duk Hee Kang, Min Sung Lee, Jun Chul Kim, and Byung Chul Yu
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Physical fitness, Myostatin, Muscle mass, elderly, Article, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 030502 gerontology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Aged, Hand Strength, biology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, skeletal muscle mass, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Skeletal muscle mass, musculoskeletal system, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Sarcopenia, myostatin, biology.protein, Biomarker (medicine), Medicine, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background/Aims: Elevated levels of serum myostatin have been proposed as a biomarker for sarcopenia. Recent studies have shown that elevated level of serum myostatin was associated with physical fitness and performance. This study aimed to examine the significance of myostatin in the association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort study involving 1053 people aged 70 years or over. Anthropometric, physical performance, and laboratory data were collected. Results: The mean age of the participants was 75.8 years, and 50.7% of them were female. Serum myostatin levels in men (3.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.2 ± 1.1 ng/mL, p &lt, 0.001) were higher compared with that in women. Serum myostatin level was associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index and eGFR by cystatin C. Serum myostatin/ASM ratio was associated with handgrip strength in women. Conclusion: Higher serum myostatin levels were related with higher muscle mass and better physical performances in the elderly. Serum myostatin/ASM ratio may be a predictor for physical performance rather than myostatin.
Published: 2021
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15. Influenza A virus infection in turkeys induces respiratory and enteric bacterial dysbiosis correlating with cytokine gene expression

Author: Chang-Won Lee, Kara J.M. Taylor, John M. Ngunjiri, Hana Ji, Amir Ghorbani, Krishnan Mahesh, and Michael C. Abundo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary Medicine, 030106 microbiology, Avian influenza virus, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Virus-induced dysbiosis, Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Proteobacteria, medicine, Influenza A virus, Genetics, Viral shedding, Molecular Biology, biology, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Respiratory microbiome, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Viral replication, Dysbiosis, Medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Respiratory tract
Abstract: Turkey respiratory and gut microbiota play important roles in promoting health and production performance. Loss of microbiota homeostasis due to pathogen infection can worsen the disease or predispose the bird to infection by other pathogens. While turkeys are highly susceptible to influenza viruses of different origins, the impact of influenza virus infection on turkey gut and respiratory microbiota has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the relationships between low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus replication, cytokine gene expression, and respiratory and gut microbiota disruption in specific-pathogen-free turkeys. Differential replication of two LPAI H5N2 viruses paralleled the levels of clinical signs and cytokine gene expression. During active virus shedding, there was significant increase of ileal and nasal bacterial contents, which inversely corresponded with bacterial species diversity. Spearman’s correlation tests between bacterial abundance and local viral titers revealed that LPAI virus-induced dysbiosis was strongest in the nasal cavity followed by trachea, and weakest in the gut. Significant correlations were also observed between cytokine gene expression levels and relative abundances of several bacteria in tracheas of infected turkeys. For example, interferon γ/λ and interleukin-6 gene expression levels were correlated positively with Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas abundances, and negatively with Lactobacillus abundance. Overall, our data suggest a potential relationship where bacterial community diversity and enrichment or depletion of several bacterial genera in the gut and respiratory tract are dependent on the level of LPAI virus replication. Further work is needed to establish whether respiratory and enteric dysbiosis in LPAI virus-infected turkeys is a result of host immunological responses or other causes such as changes in nutritional uptake.
Published: 2021

16. Insecticide susceptibility of <scp> Culex pipiens pallens </scp> (L.) and <scp> Aedes albopictus </scp> (Skuke) to five commonly used pesticides in the Republic of Korea

Author: Hyunah Kim, Young Cheol Yang, Chang-Won Jang, and Kyu-Sik Chang
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Veterinary medicine, Deltamethrin, Aedes albopictus, chemistry, Culex pipiens pallens, Insecticide resistance, Insect Science, Pesticide, Phenothrin, Biology, biology.organism_classification
Published: 2019

17. Micronized and Heat-Treated Lactobacillus plantarum LM1004 Stimulates Host Immune Responses Via the TLR-2/MAPK/NF-��B Signalling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo

Author: Sarang Cho, Yong Il Park, Ilseon Jung, Sohn Minn, Jisun Lee, Ji Won Choi, Tae Gyu Choi, and Chang Won Lee
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MAPK/ERK pathway, Innate immune system, biology, Chemistry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Cell biology, Nitric oxide synthase, Immune system, Mechanism of action, 010608 biotechnology, Splenocyte, medicine, biology.protein, Secretion, medicine.symptom, Lactobacillus plantarum, Biotechnology
Abstract: Although nanometric dead Lactobacillus plantarum has emerged as a potentially important modulator of immune responses, its underlying mechanism of action has not been fully understood. This study aimed to identify the detailed biochemical mechanism of immune modulation by micronized and heat-treated L. plantarum LM1004 (MHT-LM1004
Published: 2019

18. Biological effects of cyclosporin A on CD3−CD161+ and CD3+CD161+ lymphocytes

Author: Bumseok Kim, Aravinthan Adithan, Chang-Won Kang, Mohammad Amjad Hossain, Judith Sharmila John Peter, Nam-Soo Kim, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Ki-Chul Hwang
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Interleukin 2, education.field_of_study, biology, Chemistry, CD3, Clinical Biochemistry, Population, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Molecular biology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Granzyme B, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Granzyme, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cyclosporin a, biology.protein, medicine, education, Molecular Biology, K562 cells, medicine.drug
Abstract: Cyclosporin A (CSA) is a widely used drug to prevent the immune cell function. It is well known that CSA blocks transcription of cytokine genes in activated T cells. The connection between T cells and CSA has been well established. However, the effect of CSA on natural killer (NK) cells is not thoroughly understood. Therefore, in the present study, splenocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with CSA in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). CSA at higher concentrations induces apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation, while lower concentrations showed synergistically enhanced proliferation in splenocytes and PBMCs. Further, CSA favored the in vitro conversion of CD3+CD161+ cells. Splenocytes and PBMC were found to have synergistic proliferation with Con A, and PBMC exhibited significantly higher expression of NKp30, NKp44, and granzyme B along with enhanced cytotoxicity against K-562 cells in CSA-treated animals. Proliferation assay also showed that proliferation of CD161+ cells was higher in CSA-treated animals. Collectively, our results suggest that CSA differentially influences the population, function, and expression of the NK cell phenotype.
Published: 2019

19. Anti-inflammatory activity of rhein isolated from the flowers of Cassia fistula L. and possible underlying mechanisms

Author: Jong-Hoon Kim, Nam-Soo Kim, Chang-Won Kang, Paulrayer Antonisamy, and Paul Agastian
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, biology, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Fistula, VEGF receptors, Pharmacology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Article, Anti-inflammatory, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Cassia, medicine, biology.protein, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, Interleukin 6, Potential mechanism, lcsh:QH301-705.5
Abstract: Objective: Anti-inflammatory activity of rhein in animal models with potential mechanism of actions. Methods: Rhein was isolated from Cassia fistula L. flowers collected in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Its anti-inflammatory activity was then investigated in Wistar rats and mice using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, croton oil-induced ear oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability models. Results: Administration of rhein (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) significantly (p
Published: 2019

20. Sorghum Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae NK Enhances Inhibition of Vascular Inflammation in TNF-α-stimulated Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Author: Jong Sung Ra, Se Chan Kang, Hyo Kyu Lee, Hae Seong Song, Chang Won Kim, Hyelin Jeon, Hyun Jin Baek, and Jung-Eun Kwon
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Inflammation, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Blot, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Aspergillus oryzae, medicine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, VCAM-1, medicine.symptom, Cell adhesion, Procyanidin B1, Heme
Abstract: Abstract. Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is widely grown all over the world for food and feed. The effects of sorghum extracts on general inflammation have been previously studied, but its anti-vascular inflammatory effects are unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-vascular inflammation effects of sorghum extract (SBE) and fermented extract of sorghum ( f SBE) on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). After the cytotoxicity test of the sorghum extract, a series of experiments were conducted. The inhibition effects of SBE and f SBE on the inflammatory response and adhesion molecule expression were measured using treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a crucial promoter for the development of atherosclerotic lesions, on HASMCs. After TNF-α (10 ng/mL) treatment for 2 h, then SBE and f SBE (100 and 200 μg/mL) were applied for 12h. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (2.4-fold) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (6.7-fold) decreased, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (3.5-fold) increased compared to the TNF-α control when treated with 200 μg/mL f SBE ( P
Published: 2018

21. CD36 Signal Transduction in Metabolic Diseases: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Targeting

Author: Jun-Sung Moon, Kyu Chang Won, Suma Elumalai, and Udayakumar Karunakaran
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, CD36 Antigens, Amyloid, QH301-705.5, CD36, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Inflammation, Review, Biology, Therapeutic targeting, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, insulin-secreting cells, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Insulin, oxidative stress, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Biology (General), Scavenger receptor, reactive oxygen species, Cluster of differentiation, Fatty Acids, NF-kappa B, General Medicine, Lipoproteins, LDL, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, biology.protein, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins, medicine.symptom, Signal transduction, Insulin Resistance, Neuroscience, Signal Transduction
Abstract: The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a scavenger receptor present on various types of cells and has multiple biological functions that may be important in inflammation and in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Here, we consider recent insights into how the CD36 response becomes deregulated under metabolic conditions, as well as the therapeutic benefits of CD36 inhibition, which may provide clues for developing strategies aimed at the treatment or prevention of diabetes associated with metabolic diseases. To facilitate this process further, it is important to pinpoint regulatory mechanisms that are relevant under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, understanding the mechanisms involved in dictating specific CD36 downstream cellular outcomes will aid in the discovery of potent compounds that target specific CD36 downstream signaling cascades.
Published: 2021

22. Assessment of TLR3 and MDA5-Mediated Immune Responses Using Knockout Quail Fibroblast Cells

Author: John M. Ngunjiri, Amir Ghorbani, Michael C. Abundo, Krishnan Mahesh, Kathryn Q. Wilbanks, Chang-Won Lee, and Kichoon Lee
Subjects: Innate immune system, General Immunology and Microbiology, viruses, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, MDA5, Transfection, Biology, Fibroblasts, Quail, Virus, Immunity, Innate, Cell biology, Toll-Like Receptor 3, Immune system, Poly I-C, Food Animals, Interferon, TLR3, medicine, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Interleukin 8, medicine.drug
Abstract: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-recognizing receptors that mediate innate immune responses to virus infection. However, the roles played by these receptors in the pathogenesis of avian viruses are poorly understood. In this study, we generated TLR3 and MDA5 single knockout (SKO) and TLR3-MDA5 double knockout (DKO) quail fibroblast cells and examined dsRNA receptor-mediated innate immune responses in vitro. The knockout cells were then stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or influenza A virus. Endosomal stimulation of TLR3 by adding poly(I:C) in cell culture media or cytoplasmic stimulation of MDA5 by transfecting poly(I:C) resulted in significant increases of TLR3, MDA5, interferon (IFN) β, and interleukin 8 gene expression levels in wild type (WT) cells. Endosomal poly(I:C) treatment induced a higher level expression of most of the genes tested in MDA5 SKO cells compared with WT cells, but not in TLR3 SKO and DKO cells. Cytoplasmic transfection of poly(I:C) led to significant upregulation of all four genes in WT, TLR3 SKO, and MDA5 SKO cells at 8 hr posttransfection and negligible gene expression changes in TLR3-MDA5 DKO cells. Upon infection with a strain of influenza virus with compromised IFN antagonistic capability, WT cells produced the highest amount of biologically active type I IFN followed by TLR3 SKO and MDA5 SKO cells. DKO cells did not produce detectable amounts of type I IFN. However, the IFN did not induce an antiviral state fast enough to block virus replication, even in WT cells under the experimental conditions employed. In summary, our data demonstrate that TLR3 and MDA5 are the key functional dsRNA receptors in quail and imply their coordinated roles in the induction of innate immune responses upon virus infection.
Published: 2021

23. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1

Author: Klionsky, Daniel, Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie, Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis, Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon, Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed, Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia, Ahmad, S Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair, Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed, Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay, Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugènia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario, Álvarez, Élida, Alves, Sara, Alves Da Costa, Cristine, Alzaharna, Mazen, Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal, Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig, Andrabi, Shaida, Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen, Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche, Ansari, Mohammad, Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Antón, Zuriñe, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araújo, Wagner, Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arévalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen, Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela, Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Rubén, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas, Au, Alicia, Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Ávalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Célia Alexandra, Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan, Backues, Steven, Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric, Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bánréti, Ágnes, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio, Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barilà, Daniela, Barlow, Peter, Barmada, Sami, Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George, Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav, Basagoudanavar, Suresh, Bassham, Diane, Bast, Robert, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne, Baumgarner, Bradley, Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz, Beck, George, Beers, Michael, Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg, Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Belló Pérez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira, Beltran, Sebastián, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno, Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin, Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amélie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri, Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie, Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena, Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor, Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor, Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa, Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan, Boone, Brian, Bootman, Martin, Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat, Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jürgen, Bose, Santanu, botana, luis, Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal, Boulton, Michael, Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig, Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, Bozi, Luiz, Bozkurt, Tolga, Brackney, Doug, Brandts, Christian, Braun, Ralf, Braus, Gerhard, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, José, Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Brodsky, Jeffrey, Brody, Steven, Bronson, Paola, Bronstein, Jeff, Brown, Carolyn, Brown, Rhoderick, Brum, Patricia, Brumell, John, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert, Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J Ross, Buckingham, Erin, Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph, Burón, M Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Büttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairó, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose, Caldwell, Guy, Caldwell, Kim, Call, Jarrod, Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana, Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel, Camara, Niels OS, Camonis, Jacques, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward, Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane, Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, Candido de Almeida, Danilo, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Cantí, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Caramés, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie, Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra, Carew, Jennifer, Carle, Georges, Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia, Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo, Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel, Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio, Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria, Cebollada Rica, Paula, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria, Cerqueira, João, Cerutti, Janete, Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David, Chan, Edmond, Chan, Edward, Chan, H.Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen, Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail, Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frédéric, Cheetham, Michael, Chen, Chang-Shi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam, Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, Mu-Kuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, Xin-Ming, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard, Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash, Chiurchiù, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine, Choi, Mary, Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman, Chu, Charleen, Chua, Jason, Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona, Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael, Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana, Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael, Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert, Colell, Anna, Čolić, Miodrag, Coll, Nuria, Collins, Mark, Colombo, María, Colón-Ramos, Daniel, Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Márcia, Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark, Coombs, Kevin, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale, Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter, Crespo, Jose, Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea, Cybulsky, Andrey, Czaja, Mark, Czuczwar, Stanislaw, D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew, D'Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James, Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben, Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico, Darling, April, Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh, Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian, Davies, Jeffrey, Dávila, Valeria, Davis, Roger, Davis, Tanja, Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara, De Meyer, Guido, De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deehan, Mark, Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe, Delbridge, Lea, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas, Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin, Der, Channing, Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni, Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Dickinson, Jared, Diederich, Marc, Dieudé, Mélanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinić, Jelena, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena, Dionne, Marc, Distler, Jörg, Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick, Đokić, Jelena, Dokmeci Emre, Serap, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, Dorn Ii, Gerald, Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, du Toit, André, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sónia, Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine, Dupont, Nicolas, Durán, Raúl, Dwarakanath, Bilikere, Dyshlovoy, Sergey, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles, Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman, Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides, Elizalde, María, Elks, Philip, Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam, Emerling, Brooke, Emre, N., Eng, Christina, Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete, Enserink, Jorrit, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex, Fairlie, W Douglas, Falcó, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn, Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro, Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony, Feldman, Arthur, Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Fenz Araujo, Thais, Ferguson, Thomas, Fernández, Álvaro, Fernandez-Checa, Jose, Fernández-Veledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair, Ferrante, Anthony, Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari, Ferreira, Julio, Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward, Fisher, Paul, Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven, Flo, Trude, Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward, Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa, Friedman, Scott, Fröhlich, Leopold, Frühbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose, Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela, Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria, Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian, Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noé, Garcia, Verónica, García-del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, Garcia-Garcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, García-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, García-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek, Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert, Gassen, Nils, Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian, Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David, Ghasemipour Afshar, Elham, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary, Gibson, Spencer, Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen, Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, 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Anna, Hernández, Agustín, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervás, Javier, Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker, Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph, Hlavacek, William, Ho, Emmanuel, Ho, Idy, Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, Shu-Leong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter, Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Höhn, Annika, Holmberg, Carina, Hombrebueno, Jose, Yi-Ren Hong, Chang-Won Hong, Hooper, Lora, Hoppe, Thorsten, Horos, Rastislav, Hoshida, Yujin, Hsin, I-Lun, Hsu, Hsin-Yun, Hu, Bing, Hu, Dong, Hu, Li-Fang, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Ronggui, Hu, Wei, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi, Huan, Chongmin, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Chuanshu, Huang, Chuanxin, Huang, Chunling, Huang, Haishan, Huang, Kun, Huang, Michael, Huang, Rui, Huang, Shan, Huang, Tianzhi, Huang, Xing, Huang, Yuxiang Jack, Huber, Tobias, Hubert, Virginie, Hubner, Christian, Hughes, Stephanie, 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Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liang, Weicheng, Liang, Yongheng, Liang, YongTian, Liao, Guanghong, Liao, Lujian, Liao, Mingzhi, Liao, Yung-Feng, Librizzi, Mariangela, Lie, Pearl, Lilly, Mary, Lim, Hyunjung, Lima, Thania, Limana, Federica, Lin, Chao, Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar-Shong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jiandie, Lin, Kurt, Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Liang-Tzung, LIN, Pei-Hui, Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng, Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu, Lin, Xueying, Lin, Yao-Xin, Lin, Yee-Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula, Ling, Shuo-Chien, Lingor, Paul, Linnemann, Amelia, Liou, Yih-Cherng, Lipinski, Marta, Lipovšek, Saška, Lira, Vitor, Lisiak, Natalia, Liton, Paloma, Liu, Chao, Liu, Ching-Hsuan, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Cui Hua, Liu, Fang, Liu, Hao, Liu, Hsiao-Sheng, Liu, Hua-feng, Liu, Huifang, Liu, Jia, Liu, Jing, Liu, Julia, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Longhua, Liu, Meilian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Wei, Liu, Wende, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong, Liu, Xingguo, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xuedong, Liu, Yanfen, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang, Liu, Yule, 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Celeste, O’Donovan, Tracey, O’Leary, Seónadh, O’Rourke, Eyleen, O’Sullivan, Mary, O’Sullivan, Timothy, Omary, M. Bishr, Pereira, Gustavo J.S., Ratnayaka, J. Arjuna, Riazuddin, S. Amer, Rouschop, Kasper M.A., Sanderson, J. Thomas, Scaglione, K. Matthew, Schapira, Anthony H.V., Scovassi, A. Ivana, St. Clair, Daret, Sunahara, Karen K.S., Symons, J. David, Triola, Gemma, van Wijk, Sjoerd J.L., Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Whitton, J. Lindsay, Williams, Robin S.B., Wong, W. Wei-Lynn, Wu, William K.K., Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M.S., Yu, W. Haung, Zhang, Kalin Y.B., Dong, X. Charlie, Ain Shams University [ASU], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University [JGU], Medical University Graz, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers [CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)], Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry [IPB], The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire [IPMC], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] [LNC], Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire [C3M], Institut de Biologie Valrose [IBV], Petites Molécules de neuroprotection, neurorégénération et remyélinisation, Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Institut Cochin [IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)], Institut NeuroMyoGène [INMG], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire [PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)], Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress [MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)], Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement [IRCAN], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille [CRCM], Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI [Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC], Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling [OSS], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades [INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)], Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule [I2BC], Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte [M2iSH], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse [CRCT], Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 [CIIL], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [IGBMC], Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] [BIO-PEROXIL], Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation [CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)], Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers [U830], Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences [LOB], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires [UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC], Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine [DC2N], Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier [IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy [CIML], Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques [PhIND], Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée [LBFA], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) [Imagine - U1163], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale [IMRB], Franco-czech Laboratory for clinical research on obesity, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI (Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institute of genetics and molecular and cellular biology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] (BIO-PEROXIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epithelial biology and disease - Liliane Bettencourt Chair of Developmental Biology (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM131919]., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress (MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Department of Women's and Children's Health [Stockholm, Sweden], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École polytechnique (X), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, FHU OncoAge - Pathologies liées à l’âge [CHU Nice] (OncoAge), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [UNIV Côte d'Azur] (UPMC), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Life Sciences Institute [Ann Arbor, MI, USA], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS [Milan, Italy] (EIO), Ain Shams University (ASU), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling (OSS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Klionsky, D. J., Abdel-Aziz, A. K., Abdelfatah, S., Abdellatif, M., Abdoli, A., Abel, S., Abeliovich, H., Abildgaard, M. H., Abudu, Y. P., Acevedo-Arozena, A., Adamopoulos, I. E., Adeli, K., Adolph, T. E., Adornetto, A., Aflaki, E., Agam, G., Agarwal, A., Aggarwal, B. B., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Agrewala, J. N., Agrotis, A., Aguilar, P. V., Ahmad, S. T., Ahmed, Z. M., Ahumada-Castro, U., Aits, S., Aizawa, S., Akkoc, Y., Akoumianaki, T., Akpinar, H. A., Al-Abd, A. M., Al-Akra, L., Al-Gharaibeh, A., Alaoui-Jamali, M. A., Alberti, S., Alcocer-Gomez, E., Alessandri, C., Ali, M., Alim Al-Bari, M. A., Aliwaini, S., Alizadeh, J., Almacellas, E., Almasan, A., Alonso, A., Alonso, G. D., Altan-Bonnet, N., Altieri, D. C., Alvarez, E. M. C., Alves, S., Alves da Costa, C., Alzaharna, M. M., Amadio, M., Amantini, C., Amaral, C., Ambrosio, S., Amer, A. O., Ammanathan, V., An, Z., Andersen, S. U., Andrabi, S. A., Andrade-Silva, M., Andres, A. M., Angelini, S., Ann, D., Anozie, U. C., Ansari, M. 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T., Balduini, W., Ballabio, A., Ballester, M., Balazadeh, S., Balzan, R., Bandopadhyay, R., Banerjee, S., Banreti, A., Bao, Y., Baptista, M. S., Baracca, A., Barbati, C., Bargiela, A., Barila, D., Barlow, P. G., Barmada, S. J., Barreiro, E., Barreto, G. E., Bartek, J., Bartel, B., Bartolome, A., Barve, G. R., Basagoudanavar, S. H., Bassham, D. C., Bast, R. C., Basu, A., Batoko, H., Batten, I., Baulieu, E. E., Baumgarner, B. L., Bayry, J., Beale, R., Beau, I., Beaumatin, F., Bechara, L. R. G., Beck, G. R., Beers, M. F., Begun, J., Behrends, C., Behrens, G. M. N., Bei, R., Bejarano, E., Bel, S., Behl, C., Belaid, A., Belgareh-Touze, N., Bellarosa, C., Belleudi, F., Bello Perez, M., Bello-Morales, R., Beltran, J. S. D. O., Beltran, S., Benbrook, D. M., Bendorius, M., Benitez, B. A., Benito-Cuesta, I., Bensalem, J., Berchtold, M. W., Berezowska, S., Bergamaschi, D., Bergami, M., Bergmann, A., Berliocchi, L., Berlioz-Torrent, C., Bernard, A., Berthoux, L., Besirli, C. 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K., Shutt, T. E., Sica, V., Siddiqui, A., Sierra, A., Sierra-Torre, V., Signorelli, S., Sil, P., Silva, B. J. D. A., Silva, J. D., Silva-Pavez, E., Silvente-Poirot, S., Simmonds, R. E., Simon, A. K., Simon, H. -U., Simons, M., Singh, A., Singh, L. P., Singh, R., Singh, S. V., Singh, S. K., Singh, S. B., Singh, S., Singh, S. P., Sinha, D., Sinha, R. A., Sinha, S., Sirko, A., Sirohi, K., Sivridis, E. L., Skendros, P., Skirycz, A., Slaninova, I., Smaili, S. S., Smertenko, A., Smith, M. D., Soenen, S. J., Sohn, E. J., Sok, S. P. M., Solaini, G., Soldati, T., Soleimanpour, S. A., Soler, R. M., Solovchenko, A., Somarelli, J. A., Sonawane, A., Song, F., Song, H. K., Song, J. -X., Song, K., Song, Z., Soria, L. R., Sorice, M., Soukas, A. A., Soukup, S. -F., Sousa, D., Sousa, N., Spagnuolo, P. A., Spector, S. A., Srinivas Bharath, M. M., S, t. Clair D., Stagni, V., Staiano, L., Stalnecker, C. A., Stankov, M. V., Stathopulos, P. B., Stefan, K., Stefan, S. M., Stefanis, L., Steffan, J. S., Steinkasserer, A., Stenmark, H., Sterneckert, J., Stevens, C., Stoka, V., Storch, S., Stork, B., Strappazzon, F., Strohecker, A. M., Stupack, D. G., Su, H., Su, L. -Y., Su, L., Suarez-Fontes, A. M., Subauste, C. S., Subbian, S., Subirada, P. V., Sudhandiran, G., Sue, C. M., Sui, X., Summers, C., Sun, G., Sun, J., Sun, K., Sun, M. -X., Sun, Q., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Sunahara, K. K. S., Sundberg, E., Susztak, K., Sutovsky, P., Suzuki, H., Sweeney, G., Symons, J. D., Sze, S. C. W., Szewczyk, N. J., Tabecka-Lonczynska, A., Tabolacci, C., Tacke, F., Taegtmeyer, H., Tafani, M., Tagaya, M., Tai, H., Tait, S. W. G., Takahashi, Y., Takats, S., Talwar, P., Tam, C., Tam, S. Y., Tampellini, D., Tamura, A., Tan, C. T., Tan, E. -K., Tan, Y. -Q., Tanaka, M., Tang, D., Tang, J., Tang, T. -S., Tanida, I., Tao, Z., Taouis, M., Tatenhorst, L., Tavernarakis, N., Taylor, A., Taylor, G. A., Taylor, J. M., Tchetina, E., Tee, A. R., Tegeder, I., Teis, D., Teixeira, N., Teixeira-Clerc, F., Tekirdag, K. A., Tencomnao, T., Tenreiro, S., Tepikin, A. V., Testillano, P. S., Tettamanti, G., Tharaux, P. -L., Thedieck, K., Thekkinghat, A. A., Thellung, S., Thinwa, J. W., Thirumalaikumar, V. P., Thomas, S. M., Thomes, P. G., Thorburn, A., Thukral, L., Thum, T., Thumm, M., Tian, L., Tichy, A., Till, A., Timmerman, V., Titorenko, V. I., Todi, S. V., Todorova, K., Toivonen, J. M., Tomaipitinca, L., Tomar, D., Tomas-Zapico, C., Tomic, S., Tong, B. C. -K., Tong, C., Tong, X., Tooze, S. A., Torgersen, M. L., Torii, S., Torres-Lopez, L., Torriglia, A., Towers, C. G., Towns, R., Toyokuni, S., Trajkovic, V., Tramontano, D., Tran, Q. -G., Travassos, L. H., Trelford, C. B., Tremel, S., Trougakos, I. P., Tsao, B. P., Tschan, M. P., Tse, H. -F., Tse, T. F., Tsugawa, H., Tsvetkov, A. S., Tumbarello, D. A., Tumtas, Y., Tunon, M. J., Turcotte, S., Turk, B., Turk, V., Turner, B. J., Tuxworth, R. I., Tyler, J. K., Tyutereva, E. V., Uchiyama, Y., Ugun-Klusek, A., Uhlig, H. H., Ulamek-Koziol, M., Ulasov, I. V., Umekawa, M., Ungermann, C., Unno, R., Urbe, S., Uribe-Carretero, E., Ustun, S., Uversky, V. N., Vaccari, T., Vaccaro, M. I., Vahsen, B. F., Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H., Valdor, R., Valente, M. J., Valko, A., Vallee, R. B., Valverde, A. M., Van den Berghe, G., van der Veen, S., Van Kaer, L., van Loosdregt, J., van Wijk, S. J. L., Vandenberghe, W., Vanhorebeek, I., Vannier-Santos, M. A., Vannini, N., Vanrell, M. C., Vantaggiato, C., Varano, G., Varela-Nieto, I., Varga, M., Vasconcelos, M. H., Vats, S., Vavvas, D. G., Vega-Naredo, I., Vega-Rubin-de-Celis, S., Velasco, G., Velazquez, A. P., Vellai, T., Vellenga, E., Velotti, F., Verdier, M., Verginis, P., Vergne, I., Verkade, P., Verma, M., Verstreken, P., Vervliet, T., Vervoorts, J., Vessoni, A. T., Victor, V. M., Vidal, M., Vidoni, C., Vieira, O. V., Vierstra, R. D., Vigano, S., Vihinen, H., Vijayan, V., Vila, M., Vilar, M., Villalba, J. M., Villalobo, A., Villarejo-Zori, B., Villarroya, F., Villarroya, J., Vincent, O., Vindis, C., Viret, C., Viscomi, M. T., Visnjic, D., Vitale, I., Vocadlo, D. J., Voitsekhovskaja, O. V., Volonte, C., Volta, M., Vomero, M., Von Haefen, C., Vooijs, M. A., Voos, W., Vucicevic, L., Wade-Martins, R., Waguri, S., Waite, K. A., Wakatsuki, S., Walker, D. W., Walker, M. J., Walker, S. A., Walter, J., Wandosell, F. G., Wang, B., Wang, C. -Y., Wang, C., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, H. -G., Wang, J., Wang, K., Wang, L., Wang, M. H., Wang, M., Wang, N., Wang, P., Wang, Q. J., Wang, Q., Wang, Q. K., Wang, Q. A., Wang, W. -T., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. -Y., Wang, Z., Warnes, G., Warnsmann, V., Watada, H., Watanabe, E., Watchon, M., Wawrzynska, A., Weaver, T. E., Wegrzyn, G., Wehman, A. M., Wei, H., Wei, L., Wei, T., Wei, Y., Weiergraber, O. H., Weihl, C. C., Weindl, G., Weiskirchen, R., Wells, A., Wen, R. H., Wen, X., Werner, A., Weykopf, B., Wheatley, S. P., Whitton, J. L., Whitworth, A. J., Wiktorska, K., Wildenberg, M. E., Wileman, T., Wilkinson, S., Willbold, D., Williams, B., Williams, R. S. B., Williams, R. L., Williamson, P. R., Wilson, R. A., Winner, B., Winsor, N. J., Witkin, S. S., Wodrich, H., Woehlbier, U., Wollert, T., Wong, E., Wong, J. H., Wong, R. W., Wong, V. K. W., Wong, W. W. -L., Wu, A. -G., Wu, C., Wu, J., Wu, K. K., Wu, M., Wu, S. -Y., Wu, S., Wu, W. K. K., Wu, X., Wu, Y. -W., Wu, Y., Xavier, R. J., Xia, H., Xia, L., Xia, Z., Xiang, G., Xiang, J., Xiang, M., Xiang, W., Xiao, B., Xiao, G., Xiao, H., Xiao, H. -T., Xiao, J., Xiao, L., Xiao, S., Xiao, Y., Xie, B., Xie, C. -M., Xie, M., Xie, Y., Xie, Z., Xilouri, M., Xu, C., Xu, E., Xu, H., Xu, J., Xu, L., Xu, W. W., Xu, X., Xue, Y., Yakhine-Diop, S. M. S., Yamaguchi, M., Yamaguchi, O., Yamamoto, A., Yamashina, S., Yan, S., Yan, S. -J., Yan, Z., Yanagi, Y., Yang, C., Yang, D. -S., Yang, H., Yang, H. -T., Yang, J. -M., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, M., Yang, P. -M., Yang, Q., Yang, S., Yang, S. -F., Yang, W., Yang, W. Y., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yao, H., Yao, S., Yao, X., Yao, Y. -G., Yao, Y. -M., Yasui, T., Yazdankhah, M., Yen, P. M., Yi, C., Yin, X. -M., Yin, Y., Yin, Z., Ying, M., Ying, Z., Yip, C. K., Yiu, S. P. T., Yoo, Y. H., Yoshida, K., Yoshii, S. R., Yoshimori, T., Yousefi, B., Yu, B., Yu, H., Yu, J., Yu, L., Yu, M. -L., Yu, S. -W., Yu, V. C., Yu, W. H., Yu, Z., Yuan, J., Yuan, L. -Q., Yuan, S., Yuan, S. -S. F., Yuan, Y., Yuan, Z., Yue, J., Yue, Z., Yun, J., Yung, R. L., Zacks, D. N., Zaffagnini, G., Zambelli, V. O., Zanella, I., Zang, Q. S., Zanivan, S., Zappavigna, S., Zaragoza, P., Zarbalis, K. S., Zarebkohan, A., Zarrouk, A., Zeitlin, S. O., Zeng, J., Zeng, J. -D., Zerovnik, E., Zhan, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, D. D., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. -L., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. -P., Zhang, K. Y. B., Zhang, L. W., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, P., Zhang, S., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. -W., Zhang, X. D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. -D., Zhang, Y. -Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, H., Zhao, L., Zhao, S., Zhao, T., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Y., Zheng, G., Zheng, K., Zheng, L., Zheng, S., Zheng, X. -L., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Z. -G., Zhivotovsky, B., Zhong, Q., Zhou, A., Zhou, B., Zhou, C., Zhou, G., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Zhou, K., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. -J., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Z. -Y., Zhou, Z., Zhu, B., Zhu, C., Zhu, G. -Q., Zhu, H., Zhu, W. -G., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, H., Zhuang, X., Zientara-Rytter, K., Zimmermann, C. M., Ziviani, E., Zoladek, T., Zong, W. -X., Zorov, D. B., Zorzano, A., Zou, W., Zou, Z., Zuryn, S., Zwerschke, W., Brand-Saberi, B., Dong, X. C., Kenchappa, C. S., Lin, Y., Oshima, S., Rong, Y., Sluimer, J. C., Stallings, C. L., Tong, C. -K., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, Settore BIO/06, Autophagosome, Autolysosome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Autophagy-Related Proteins, Review, Computational biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Settore MED/04, 03 medical and health sciences, stress, Chaperone-mediated autophagy, ddc:570, Autophagy, LC3, Animals, Humans, cancer, Settore BIO/10, flux, lysosome, macroautophagy, neurodegeneration, phagophore, vacuole, Set (psychology), Molecular Biology, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, business.industry, Interpretation (philosophy), Autophagosomes, Cell Biology, Multicellular organism, 030104 developmental biology, Knowledge base, Biological Assay, Lysosomes, business, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 232759.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
Published: 2021

24. Viral Subpopulation Screening Guides in Designing a High Interferon-Inducing Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine by Targeting Rare Mutations in NS1 and PB2 Proteins

Author: Amir Ghorbani, Hana Ji, Chang-Won Lee, Kara J.M. Taylor, Michael C. Abundo, and John M. Ngunjiri
Subjects: Immunology, Population, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Antibodies, Viral, Vaccines, Attenuated, Microbiology, Virus, Cell Line, Viral Proteins, Eukaryotic translation, Interferon, Virology, Vaccines and Antiviral Agents, medicine, Live attenuated influenza vaccine, Animals, education, Polymerase, education.field_of_study, Attenuated vaccine, biology, Vaccination, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Phenotype, Immunity, Innate, Influenza A virus, Influenza Vaccines, Insect Science, Influenza in Birds, Mutation, biology.protein, Interferons, Chickens, medicine.drug
Abstract: Influenza A viruses continue to circulate among wild birds and poultry worldwide, posing constant pandemic threats to humans. Effective control of emerging influenza viruses requires new broadly protective vaccines. Live attenuated influenza vaccines with truncations in non-structural protein 1 (NS1) have shown broad protective efficacies in birds and mammals, which correlate with the ability to induce elevated interferon responses in the vaccinated hosts. Given the extreme diversity of influenza virus populations, we asked if we could improve an NS1-truncated live attenuated influenza vaccine developed for poultry (PC4) by selecting viral subpopulations with enhanced interferon-inducing capacities. Here, we deconstructed a de novo population of PC4 through plaque isolation, created a large library of clones, and assessed their interferon-inducing phenotypes. While most of the clones displayed the parental interferon-inducing phenotype in cell culture, few clones showed enhanced interferon-inducing phenotypes in cell culture and chickens. The enhanced interferon-inducing phenotypes were linked to either a deletion in NS1 (NS1Δ76-86) or a substitution in polymerase basic 2 protein (PB2-D309N). The NS1Δ76-86 deletion disrupted the putative eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI-binding domain and promoted the synthesis of biologically active interferons. The PB2-D309N substitution enhanced the early transcription of interferon mRNA, revealing a novel role for the 309D residue in suppression of interferon responses. We combined these mutations to engineer a novel vaccine candidate that induced additive amounts of interferons and stimulated protective immunity in chickens. Therefore, viral subpopulation screening approaches can guide the design of live vaccines with strong immunostimulatory properties.IMPORTANCE Effectiveness of NS1-truncated live attenuated influenza vaccines relies heavily on their ability to induce elevated interferon responses in vaccinated hosts. Influenza viruses contain diverse particle subpopulations with distinct phenotypes. We show that live influenza vaccines can contain underappreciated subpopulations with enhanced interferon-inducing phenotypes. The genomic traits of such virus subpopulations can be used to further improve the efficacy of the current live vaccines.
Published: 2020

25. Poultry Professionals' Perception of Participation in Voluntary Disease Mapping and Monitoring Programs in the United States: A Cluster Analysis

Author: Tariku Jibat Beyene, Chang-Won Lee, Mohamed El-Gazzar, Geoffrey Lossie, and Andreia G. Arruda
Subjects: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Geographic information system, 040301 veterinary sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, Disease cluster, Competitive advantage, 0403 veterinary science, Food Animals, Multiple correspondence analysis, medicine, Animals, Cluster Analysis, Marketing, Animal Husbandry, Location, Poultry Diseases, media_common, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, United States, Service (economics), Epidemiological Monitoring, Poultry disease, Animal Science and Zoology, Professional association, Perception, business
Abstract: The development and implementation of disease mapping and monitoring programs can be useful tools for rapid communication and control of endemic and epidemic infectious diseases affecting the food animal industry. Commercial livestock producers have traditionally been reluctant to share information related to animal health, challenging the large-scale implementation of such monitoring and mapping programs. The main objective of this study was to assess the perception of poultry professionals toward disease mapping and monitoring programs and to identify groups of poultry professionals with similar perceptions and attitudes toward these projects. We conducted a survey to identify the perceived risks and benefits to be able to properly address them and encourage industry participation in the future. An anonymous online survey was developed and distributed to poultry professionals through industry and professional associations. The participant's demographic information and perceptions of risk and benefits from participation on voluntary poultry disease mapping and monitoring programs were collected. Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components were performed to identify groups of professionals with similar characteristics. A total of 63 participants from 21 states filled out the survey. The cluster analysis yielded two distinct groups of respondents, each including approximately 50% of respondents. Cluster 1 subjects could be characterized as optimistic, perceiving major benefits of sharing farm-level poultry disease information. However, they also had major concerns, mostly related to potential accidental data release and providing competitive advantages to rival companies. Cluster 2 subjects were characterized as perceiving a lesser degree of benefits from sharing farm-level poultry disease information. This second cluster mostly included production and service technicians. The roles and perceptions of risk and benefits of the participants contributed significantly to cluster assignment, while the represented commodity and geographic location in the United States did not. Successful development of voluntary poultry disease mapping and monitoring programs in the future will require that different sectors of poultry professionals be approached in different manners in order to highlight the benefits of the programs and to achieve maximum participation.
Published: 2020

26. Evaluation of Sampling Methods for the Study of Avian Respiratory Microbiota

Author: Hyesun Jang, Mahesh Kc, Bonnie P. Weber, Amir Ghorbani, Michael C. Abundo, Timothy J. Johnson, Mohamed Elaish, John M. Ngunjiri, Chang-Won Lee, Kara J.M. Taylor, and Hana Ji
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, Gene copy, Respiratory System, Biology, Nasal wash, Specimen Handling, 0403 veterinary science, Food Animals, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, medicine, Animals, Microbiome, Respiratory system, Potential impact, Bacteria, General Immunology and Microbiology, Noninvasive sampling, Microbiota, 0402 animal and dairy science, Sampling (statistics), Sequence Analysis, DNA, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, RNA, Bacterial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Animal Science and Zoology, Chickens, Respiratory tract
Abstract: Although poultry microbiome discoveries are increasing due to the potential impact on poultry performance, studies examining the poultry respiratory microbiome are challenging because of the low microbial biomass and uniqueness of the avian respiratory tract, making it difficult to sample enough material for microbial analysis. Invasive sampling techniques requiring euthanasia are currently used to increase microbial mass for the analysis, thus making it impossible to sample individual birds longitudinally. In this study, we compared invasive (nasal wash, upper tracheal wash, lower tracheal wash, and lower respiratory lavage) and noninvasive (tracheal and choanal swabs) respiratory sampling techniques in two independent experiments by using 4-wk-old chickens. We first established the experimental baseline of respiratory microbiota by using invasive techniques to enable reasonable comparisons between sampling methods and between experiments. Although noninvasive sampling (live-bird swabs) resulted in lower 16S ribosomal RNA gene copy numbers compared with invasive sampling, live swabs were able to detect the dominant microbes captured by invasive techniques. Nevertheless, swabs from euthanatized birds were more reflective of the microbiota captured through invasive methods than live swab. Furthermore, from two separate experiments, we also demonstrated that respiratory microbiota sampling is highly reproducible, especially in the trachea and lower respiratory tract. Our study provides new insights and perspectives on decision making when sampling and studying poultry respiratory microbiota.
Published: 2020

27. Respiratory and Gut Microbiota in Commercial Turkey Flocks with Disparate Weight Gain Trajectories Display Differential Compositional Dynamics

Author: Chang-Won Lee, Kara J.M. Taylor, Michael C. Abundo, Bonnie P. Weber, Mohamed Elaish, Amir Ghorbani, Timothy J. Johnson, Hyesun Jang, Krishnan Mahesh, and John M. Ngunjiri
Subjects: Male, Turkeys, Corynebacterium, Zoology, Gut flora, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Weight Gain, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, digestive system, Microbial Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cecum, Ileum, medicine, Animals, Microbiome, Respiratory system, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, 030306 microbiology, Microbiota, biology.organism_classification, Brood, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Trachea, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ornithobacterium, Body-Weight Trajectory, Flock, Nasal Cavity, Food Science, Biotechnology, Respiratory tract
Abstract: Host-associated communities of bacteria (microbiota) substantially contribute to the overall poultry health and performance. Gut microbiota are known to play roles in resistance to pathogen infection and optimal weight gain in turkey flocks. However, knowledge of turkey respiratory microbiota and its link to gut microbiota is lacking. This study presents a 16S rRNA gene-based census of the turkey respiratory microbiota (nasal cavity and trachea) alongside gut microbiota (cecum and ileum) in two identical commercial Hybrid Converter turkey flocks raised in parallel under typical field commercial conditions. The flocks were housed in adjacent barns during the brood stage and in geographically separated farms during the grow-out stage. Several bacterial taxa that were acquired in the respiratory tract (RT) at the beginning of the brood stage persisted throughout the flock cycle, primarily Staphylococcus. Late-emerging predominant taxa in RT included Deinococcus and Corynebacterium. Tracheal and nasal microbiota of turkeys were identifiably distinct from one another and from gut microbiota. Nevertheless, gut and RT microbiota changed in parallel over time and appeared to share many taxa. During the brood stage, the two flocks generally acquired similar gut and RT microbiota, and their average body weights were comparable. Separating the flocks during the grow-out stage resulted in divergent microbial profiles and body weight gain trajectories. Lower weight gain corresponded with emergence of Deinococcus and Ornithobacterium in RT, and Fusobacterium and Parasutterella in gut. This study provides an overview of turkey microbiota under field conditions and suggests several hypotheses concerning the respiratory microbiome.IMPORTANCETurkey meat is an important source of animal protein, and the industry around its production contributes significantly to the agricultural economy. The nonpathogenic symbionts present in the gut of turkeys are known to impact bird health and flock performance. However, the respiratory microbiota in turkeys are entirely unexplored. This study has elucidated the microbiota of respiratory tracts of turkeys from two commercial flocks raised in parallel throughout a normal flock cycle. Further, the study suggests that bacteria originating in the gut or in poultry house environments may influence respiratory communities and consequently induce poor performance, either directly or indirectly. Future attempts to develop microbiome-based interventions for turkey health should delimit the contributions of respiratory microbiota and aim to limit disturbances to those communities.
Published: 2020

28. Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation

Author: Mi Jang, Young Jin Jang, Hee Do Hong, Sungbin Choi, Seongin Jo, Tae-Gyu Lim, Eun Ju Shin, Young-Kyung Rhee, Sanguine Byun, Chang Won Cho, and Won Chul Lim
Subjects: mitochondrial biogenesis, Pharmaceutical Science, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Analytical Chemistry, Myoblasts, Ginseng, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Adenosine Triphosphate, Drug Discovery, Myocyte, 0303 health sciences, Mice, Inbred ICR, Organelle Biogenesis, Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1, red ginseng, exercise endurance, High Mobility Group Proteins, food and beverages, Cell Differentiation, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Mitochondria, DNA-Binding Proteins, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chemistry (miscellaneous), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Molecular Medicine, C2C12, Muscle tissue, medicine.medical_specialty, myoblast differentiation, Panax, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, complex mixtures, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Internal medicine, Physical Conditioning, Animal, medicine, Animals, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Muscle, Skeletal, Swimming, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Extracts, Organic Chemistry, AMPK, Skeletal muscle, TFAM, Endocrinology, Mitochondrial biogenesis, Gene Expression Regulation, Physical Endurance
Abstract: Red ginseng has been reported to elicit various therapeutic effects relevant to cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of red ginseng on exercise endurance and skeletal muscle function remains unclear. Herein, we sought to investigate whether red ginseng could affect exercise endurance and examined its molecular mechanism. Mice were fed with red ginseng extract (RG) and undertook swimming exercises to determine the time to exhaustion. Animals fed with RG had significantly longer swimming endurance. RG treatment was also observed to enhance ATP production levels in myoblasts. RG increased mRNA expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators, NRF-1, TFAM, and PGC-1&alpha, which was accompanied by an elevation in mitochondrial DNA, suggesting an enhancement in mitochondrial energy-generating capacity. Importantly, RG treatment induced phosphorylation of p38 and AMPK and upregulated PGC1&alpha, expression in both myoblasts and in vivo muscle tissue. In addition, RG treatment also stimulated C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Our findings show that red ginseng improves exercise endurance, suggesting that it may have applications in supporting skeletal muscle function and exercise performance.
Published: 2020

29. Current Understanding on the Metabolism of Neutrophils

Author: Eun Young Kim, Jae-Han Jeon, Jae Man Lee, and Chang-Won Hong
Subjects: Innate immunity, Immunometabolism, Innate immune system, Neutrophils, Immunology, Cell, Degranulation, Chemotaxis, Review Article, Neutrophil extracellular traps, Metabolism, Biology, Cell biology, Metabolic pathway, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, medicine, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract: Neutrophils are innate immune cells that constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Due to this characteristic, they are exposed to diverse immunological environments wherein sources for nutrients are often limited. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism revealed that neutrophils utilize diverse metabolic pathways in response to immunological challenges. In particular, neutrophils adopt specific metabolic pathways for modulating their effector functions in contrast to other immune cells, which undergo metabolic reprogramming to ensure differentiation into distinct cell subtypes. Therefore, neutrophils utilize different metabolic pathways not only to fulfill their energy requirements, but also to support specialized effector functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation, ROS generation, chemotaxis, and degranulation. In this review, we discuss the basic metabolic pathways used by neutrophils and how these metabolic alterations play a critical role in their effector functions.
Published: 2020

30. Protective Effects of Ligularia fischeri and Aronia melanocarpa Extracts on Alcoholic Liver Disease (In Vitro and In Vivo Study)

Author: Jung-Shik Bae, Dae-Jung Kim, Chang-Won Pyun, Tae-Su Seo, and Tae-Woo Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Alcoholic liver disease, Article Subject, Aldehyde dehydrogenase, Pharmacology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Photinia, medicine, Animals, Humans, Ethanol metabolism, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Alcohol dehydrogenase, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Chemistry, Plant Extracts, Acetaldehyde, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1, Ligularia, General Medicine, Hep G2 Cells, CYP2E1, medicine.disease, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, Catalase, Cyclooxygenase 2, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Alkaline phosphatase, Cytokines, Medicine, Research Article
Abstract: Hepatic protective effects of Ligularia fischeri (LF) and Aronia melanocarpa (AM) against alcohol were investigated in vitro and in vivo test. LF, AM, and those composed mixing material (LF+AM) were treated in HepG2 cell. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were significantly increased in each singleness extract and mixed composite. The protective effect on alcoholic liver damage was investigated by animal models. Serum alcohol level and acetaldehyde level were significantly decreased by LF+AM treatment in acute experimental model. In the chronic mouse model study, we had found that the increased plasma liver damage index (alkaline phosphatase) by alcohol treatment was declined by oral administration of LF+AM extraction composite. As well as, it was identified that the protection effect was induced by increasing catalase activity and suppressing COX-2, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 mRNA expressions. CYP2E1 mRNA expression was also increased. These results suggest that oral ingestion of LF and AM mixed composite is able to protect liver against alcohol-induced injury by increasing alcohol metabolism activity and antioxidant system along with decreasing inflammatory responses.
Published: 2020

31. Establishment and Characterization of Paired Primary and Peritoneal Seeding Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: Identification of Genes That Mediate Metastatic Potential

Author: Chang Won Hong, Sang Geun Jang, Soon Chan Kim, Byong Chul Yoo, Ye Ah Kim, Young Kyoung Shin, Ja-Lok Ku, Jae-Gahb Park, and Seung-Yong Jeong
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Mutation, Gene knockdown, Microarray, Colorectal cancer, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Metastasis, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, Downregulation and upregulation, Cell culture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Cancer research, Exome sequencing
Abstract: Peritoneal metastasis is one of the major patterns of unresectability in colorectal cancer (CRC) and a cause of death in advanced CRC. Identification of distinct gene expressions between primary CRC and peritoneal seeding metastasis is to predict the metastatic potential of primary human CRC. Three pairs of primary CRC (SNU-2335A, SNU-2404A, and SNU-2414A) and corresponding peritoneal seeding (SNU-2335D, SNU-2404B, and SNU-2414B) cell lines were established to determine the different gene expressions and resulting aberrated signaling pathways in peritoneal metastasis tumor using whole exome sequencing and microarray. Whole exome sequencing detected that mutation in CYP2A7 was exclusively shared in peritoneal seeding cell lines. Microarray identified that there were five upregulated genes (CNN3, SORBS1, BST2, EPSTI1, and KLHL5) and two downregulated genes (TRY6 and STYL5) in the peritoneal metastatic cell lines. CNN3 expression was highly augmented in both mRNA and protein levels in peritoneal metastasis cells. Knockdown of Calponin 3 resulted in augmented level of E-cadherin in peritoneal metastasis cells, and migration and invasiveness decreased accordingly. We suggest that CNN3 takes part in cell projection and movement, and the detection and distribution of CNN3 may render prognostic information for predicting peritoneal seeding metastasis from primary colorectal cancer.
Published: 2018

32. Effect of Dietary Fermented Garlic Solution on Performance, Egg Quality and Blood Composition in Finishing Period of Laying Hens

Author: Hyeon Soo Chun, Kyeong Seon Ryu, Chang Won Kang, Ho Sung Choi, and Chun Ik Lim
Subjects: Animal science, Period (gene), Composition (visual arts), Fermentation, Biology, Laying
Published: 2018

33. Enzyme-assisted extraction, chemical characteristics, and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Author: Chun-Ji Han, Su-Kyung Sung, Tae-Gyu Lim, Chang-Won Cho, Young-Ran Song, Mi Jang, and Hee-Do Hong
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Arabinose, food.ingredient, Pectin, Rhamnose, Panax, 02 engineering and technology, Cellulase, Lymphocyte proliferation, Polysaccharide, Biochemistry, Fungal Proteins, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ginseng, food, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Polysaccharides, Structural Biology, Animals, Monosaccharide, Food science, Molecular Biology, Trichoderma, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, Macrophages, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, RAW 264.7 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, biology.protein, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In this study, enzyme-assisted extraction was used to isolate functional polysaccharides from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) and the physicochemical and biological properties of the extracted polysaccharides were investigated, comparing with those from traditional hot-water extraction (FGWP). In macrophages, their effects on cytokines production could be ordered as FGEP-CA ≥ FGEP-A > FGEP-C > FGWP, suggesting that FGEP-CA (combined cellulase- and α-amylase-extracted polysaccharide) is a potent immunostimulator. In addition, enzymatic digestion led to differences in the monosaccharide profile of the extract. FGWP mainly consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucose in molar percentages of 1.8:10.1:9.2:17.8:60.6, whereas FGEP-CA was 3.2:11.4:16.5:22.3:45.8, respectively, suggesting that enzyme-assisted extraction of ginseng polysaccharides produces a higher proportion of pectin polysaccharides. The HPLC profile of FGEP-CA also showed lower and more heterogeneous molecular weights than FGWP did. In cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, FGEP-CA administration ameliorated decreased spleen and thymus indices (200 mg/kg), lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, leukocyte counts, and the serum cytokines, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ (100 and 200 mg/kg). These results suggest that enzyme-assisted extraction using cellulase and α-amylase is an effective method for the preparation of functional polysaccharides from fresh Korean ginseng, and FGEP-CA could be utilized as a potential immune-stimulatory agent.
Published: 2018

34. Corrigendum to 'Antigenic analysis of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt (2006-2012)' [Vet. Microbiol. 167 3-4 (2013) 651-661]

Author: Yehia M. Saif, Abdelfattah H. Eladl, Alaa G. Abdel Razik, Chang-Won Lee, Hesham A. Sultan, Abdel Satar Arafa, Kamel I. Abou El-Azm, Mahmoud Ibrahim, and Sahar Abd El Rahman
Subjects: General Veterinary, Highly pathogenic, medicine, Antigenic analysis, General Medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Published: 2019

35. Corrigendum to 'Enhanced replication of swine influenza viruses in dexamethasone-treated juvenile and layer turkeys' [Vet. Microbiol. 162 2-4 (2013) 353-359]

Author: Abdelfattah H. Eladl, Chang-Won Lee, Ahmed Ali, Yehia M. Saif, and Mahmoud Ibrahim
Subjects: General Veterinary, Replication (statistics), medicine, Juvenile, General Medicine, Biology, Microbiology, Virology, Dexamethasone, medicine.drug
Published: 2019

36. A Study on the Symbolism and Formative Characteristics of Oriental Phoenix Patterns in the Joseon Dynasty

Author: Chang Won Lee and Lee Sung Won
Subjects: Formative assessment, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Art, Ancient history, Phoenix, biology.organism_classification, media_common
Published: 2018

37. Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death on Human Cervix Cancer HeLa cells by Extract from Loranthus yadoriki

Author: Yong Bae Seo, Eun-Joo Kim, Nan-Hee Kim, Chang-Won Kang, Soo-Wan Nam, and Gun-Do Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, biology, Chemistry, Poly ADP ribose polymerase, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Molecular biology, HeLa, 03 medical and health sciences, HaCaT, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Apoptosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer cell, biology.protein, FADD, Caspase, Biotechnology, Death domain
Abstract: Loranthus yadoriki, one of the Korean mistletoe species, has been already known for anti-viral effects, but the molecular basis that it caused apoptosis in cancer cells was not definitely revealed yet. The aim of this study was to estimate the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death of the extract from Loranthus yadoriki (named as ELY) in human cervix HeLa cells. We identified that ELY prevented the proliferation of HeLa cells between 50 and 300 μg/mL which did not affect non-cancerous HaCaT cells. In addition, ELY induced a morphological change and nucleus disruption as well as an accumulation of sub-G1 phase in HeLa cells. The mechanism study, by using western blot analysis, showed that the phosphorylation of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), Bim and Bak was up-regulated by ELY treatment. Furthermore, the expression of cytochrome c and Apaf-1 was increased by ELY treatment. In immunofluorescence staining, the increased intensity of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP was also observed under ELY treatment. Sequentially, the caspase cascade was activated by ELY from caspase-8 to caspase-3 and from caspase-9 to caspase-3, in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The results of this study demonstrate that ELY has anti-cancer effects on human cervix cancer HeLa cells via caspase cascade in apoptotic signaling pathways.
Published: 2018

38. Nelumbo nucifera Seed Extract Promotes Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Author: Hyung Joo Suh, Hyeon Son Choi, Sang Duck Jeon, Chang Won Ahn, and Kyungae Jo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, GABAA receptor, fungi, Pharmaceutical Science, General Medicine, Biology, Serotonergic, Sleep in non-human animals, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Insomnia, GABAergic, medicine.symptom, Receptor, Caffeine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 5-HT receptor
Abstract: The sleep-promoting effects of the water extract of Nelumbo nucifera seeds (NNE) were investigated in an invertebrate model. The effects of NNE on the subjective nighttime activity, sleep episodes, and sleep time were determined using Drosophila melanogaster and locomotor activity monitoring systems in basal and caffeine-induced arousal conditions. The movements of fruit flies were analyzed using the Noldus EthoVision-XT system, and the levels of neuromodulators were analyzed using HPLC. Expression of neuromodulator receptors was analyzed using real-time PCR. NNE was shown to contain neurotransmission-related components; γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (2.33±0.22 mg/g), tryptophan (2.00±0.06 mg/g), quinidine (0.55±0.33 mg/g), and neferine (0.16±0.01 mg/g). The total activity of flies during nighttime was decreased by 52% with 1.0% NNE treatment. In the individual and collective conditions, the subjective nighttime activities (45/38%) and sleep bouts (20/14%) of flies was significantly decreased with NNE treatment, while total sleep times (10/27%) were significantly increased. This sleep-promoting effect is more pronounced in caffeine-treated conditions; the nighttime activity of flies was reduced by 53%, but total sleep time was increased by 60%. Our video-tracking analysis showed a significant decrease of the moving distance and velocity of flies by NNE. This NNE-mediated sleep-promoting effect was associated with up-regulation of GABAA/GABAB and serotonin receptors. The NNE-mediated increase of GABA content was identified in flies. These results demonstrate that NNE effectively promotes sleep in flies by regulating the GABAergic/serotonergic neuromodulators, and could be an alternative agent for sleep promotion.
Published: 2018

39. MMP-1 suppressing activity of high-molecular weight fraction isolated from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley

Author: Ah-Ram Han, Young Kyoung Rhee, Mi Jang, Tae-Gyu Lim, Kyung-Tack Kim, Sung Keun Jung, Hee-Do Hong, Chang-Won Cho, Kwang Min Lee, and Sung Young Lee
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Antioxidant, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Human skin, Free radicals, Matrix metalloproteinase, Pharmacology, medicine.disease_cause, Superoxide dismutase, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Skin aging, medicine, TX341-641, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, integumentary system, Chemistry, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, UVB damage, HaCaT, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, biology.protein, Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, Oxidative stress, Food Science
Abstract: Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley is a traditional herbal medicine that has been widely used in Asia. In the present study, we investigated the MMP-1 suppressing activity of a high-molecular weight fraction isolated from the roots of C. wilfordii Hemsley (HMF). In human skin tissue, UVB irradiation significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, while HMF suppressed this effect. The inhibitory effect of HMF was confirmed in both primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and a human keratinocyte (HaCaT) model. An investigation of the underlying mechanisms responsible revealed that MKK4-JNK, MEK-ERK, and MKK3/6-p38 phosphorylation was downregulated by HMF treatment. HMF also induced a 30–40% increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity and recovered expression levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Taken together, these findings suggest that HMF elicits MMP-1 suppressing activity via inhibition of the signaling that drives UVB-induced oxidative stress in human skin.
Published: 2018

40. Changes in Drosophila melanogaster Sleep-Wake Behavior Due to Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seed and Hwang Jeong (Polygonatum sibiricum) Extracts

Author: Sang Duk Jeon, Hyung Joo Suh, Sung Hee Han, Kyungae Jo, and Chang-Won Ahn
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Valerian, Valeriana officinalis, Lotus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insomnia, medicine, Polygonatum sibiricum, sleep, Drosophila, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, Traditional medicine, fungi, food and beverages, Nelumbo nucifera, Ziziphus, Articles, biology.organism_classification, Gastrodia elata, Sleep in non-human animals, 030104 developmental biology, Drosophila melanogaster, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Food Science
Abstract: We evaluated the sleep enhancement activity of the medicinal herbs valerian (Valeriana officinalis), jujube (Ziziphus jujube), lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera), Gastrodia elata, Polygonatum sibiricum, and baekbokryung (Poria cocos), which can relieve insomnia in a Drosophila model. Locomotor activity was measured in the Drosophila model to evaluate the sleep activity of Korean medicinal herbs traditionally used as sleep aids. The group treated with lotus seed extract showed less nocturnal activity. Treatment with 10 or 20 mg/mL of P. sibiricum significantly reduced nocturnal activity compared to the control group (P
Published: 2017

41. Endoscopic assessment of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy as a prognostic marker in locally advanced rectal cancer

Author: Ji Yeon Baek, Dae Kyung Sohn, Hee Jin Chang, Min Ju Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Sung Chan Park, Kyung Su Han, Jae Hwan Oh, and Chang Won Hong
Subjects: Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Adenocarcinoma, Preoperative care, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Internal medicine, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Radical surgery, Survival rate, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Rectal Neoplasms, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Endoscopy, Chemoradiotherapy, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Survival Rate, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Purpose This study was designed to evaluate tumor regression endoscopic criteria for predicting the post-chemoradiotherapy (CRT) prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Material and methods A total of 425 patients with rectal cancer who received radical surgery after CRT were included in this study. All patients were divided into two groups according to post-CRT preoperative endoscopic findings: 1) good response (E-GR): scar, telangiectasia, or erythema; 2) minimal or no response (E-MR): nodules, ulcers, strictures, or remnant tumor. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the effect of preoperative clinicopathological variables on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results The independent prognostic factors for DFS were tumor location less than 5 cm from anal verge (hazard ratio [HR] 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27 to 2.88), pre-CRT carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) > 5 ng/mL (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.14), histologic high grade (HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.51 to 5.81), and E-GR (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.83). The independent prognostic factors for OS were age over 65 years, tumor location, pre-CRT CEA, histologic grade, and E-GR (HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.99). Conclusions Post-CRT endoscopic findings were predictors of prognosis in patients with rectal cancer. If endoscopic findings are simultaneously used with certain preoperative prognostic factors, rectal cancer patients will potentially have more treatment options.
Published: 2017

42. NADPH Oxidase (NOX) Targeting in Diabetes: A Special Emphasis on Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction

Author: Udayakumar Karunakaran, Kyu Chang Won, Suma Elumalai, and Jun-Sung Moon
Subjects: Antioxidant, QH301-705.5, medicine.medical_treatment, Endogeny, Review, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease_cause, Pathogenesis, insulin-secreting cells, Diabetes mellitus, Insulin Secretion, medicine, Animals, Humans, oxidative stress, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Biology (General), reactive oxygen species, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, biology, business.industry, NADPH Oxidases, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Lipids, chemistry, diabetes mellitus, Cancer research, biology.protein, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract: In type 2 diabetes, metabolic stress has a negative impact on pancreatic β-cell function and survival (T2D). Although the pathogenesis of metabolic stress is complex, an imbalance in redox homeostasis causes abnormal tissue damage and β-cell death due to low endogenous antioxidant expression levels in β-cells. Under diabetogenic conditions, the susceptibility of β-cells to oxidative damage by NADPH oxidase has been related to contributing to β-cell dysfunction. Here, we consider recent insights into how the redox response becomes deregulated under diabetic conditions by NADPH oxidase, as well as the therapeutic benefits of NOX inhibitors, which may provide clues for understanding the pathomechanisms and developing strategies aimed at the treatment or prevention of metabolic stress associated with β-cell failure.
Published: 2021

43. Detection of somatic variants and EGFR mutations in cell-free DNA from non-small cell lung cancer patients by ultra-deep sequencing using the ion ampliseq cancer hotspot panel and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction

Author: Won Jin Chang, Eun Joo Kang, Nak Jung Kwon, Boyeon Kim, Chang Won Park, Hae Mi Kim, Yeul Hong Kim, Yoon Ji Choi, Kyong Hwa Park, Sung Yong Lee, Jae Sook Sung, Hyon Yong Chong, Jong Won Lee, Saet Byeol Lee, and Jung Yoon Choi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, COLD-PCR, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Biology, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Targeted therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, T790M, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, medicine, Digital polymerase chain reaction, EGFR Activating Mutation, Lung cancer, Genotyping
Abstract: // Jae Sook Sung 1 , Hyon Yong Chong 2 , Nak-Jung Kwon 2 , Hae Mi Kim 2 , Jong Won Lee 1 , Boyeon Kim 1 , Saet Byeol Lee 1 , Chang Won Park 2 , Jung Yoon Choi 3 , Won Jin Chang 3 , Yoon Ji Choi 3 , Sung Yong Lee 4 , Eun Joo Kang 4 , Kyong Hwa Park 1, 3 and Yeul Hong Kim 1, 3 1 Cancer Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2 Macrogen, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3 Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Correspondence to: Yeul Hong Kim, email: yhk0215@korea.ac.kr Keywords: non-small-cell lung carcinoma; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; missense mutation; cell-free DNA; molecular targeted therapy Received: June 01, 2017 Accepted: October 17, 2017 Published: November 15, 2017 ABSTRACT Highly sensitive genotyping assays can detect mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cancer patients, reflecting the biology of each patient’s cancer. Because circulating tumor DNA comprises a small, variable fraction of DNA circulating in the blood, sensitive parallel multiplexing tests are required to determine mutation profiles. We prospectively examined the clinical utility of ultra-deep sequencing analysis of cfDNA from 126 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (ICP) and validated these findings with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). ICP results were compared with tumor tissue genotyping (TTG) results and clinical outcomes. A total of 853 variants were detected, with a median of four variants per patient. Overall concordance of ICP and TTG analyses was 90% for EGFR exon 19 deletion and 88% for the L858R mutation. Of 34 patients with a well-defined EGFR activating mutation defined based on the results of ICP and TTG, 31 (81.6%) showed long-term disease control with EGFR TKI treatment. Of 56 patients treated with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), the presence of the de novo T790M mutation was confirmed in 28 (50%). Presence of this de novo mutation did not have a negative effect on EGFR TKI treatment. Ultra-deep sequencing analysis of cfDNA using ICP combined with confirmatory ddPCR was effective at defining driver genetic changes in NSCLC patients. Comprehensive analysis of tumor DNA and cfDNA can increase the specificity of molecular diagnosis, which could translate into tailored treatment.
Published: 2017

44. Mixing ratio optimization for functional complex extracts of Rhodiola crenulata, Panax quinquefolius, and Astragalus membranaceus using mixture design and verification of immune functional efficacy in animal models

Author: Tae-Gyu Lim, Young-Ran Song, Mi Jang, Chang-Won Cho, Hee-Do Hong, and Jong-Chan Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Immune-enhancing activity, Functional foods, Medicine (miscellaneous), Panax quinquefolius, Rhodiola crenulata, Article, Nitric oxide, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Astragalus membranaceus, FBS, fetal bovine serum, Mixing ratio, Complex Extracts, TX341-641, Optimum mixing ratio, NO, nitric oxide, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, biology.organism_classification, OMRE, optimum mixing ratio extract, IL, interleukin, Astragalus, OD, optical density, 030104 developmental biology, Concanavalin A, Yield (chemistry), biology.protein, LPS, lipopolysaccharide, 030215 immunology, Food Science
Abstract: Highlights • We aimed to identify the optimum mixing ratio for various ingredients. • The extract yield and amounts of NO and IL-6 were set to maximum for modeling. • At the optimum values, and 35.3% yield, 14.7% NO, and 6.6% IL-6 were obtained. • The combined extract increased the spleen index and T- and B-cell proliferation. • These results provide a basis for the development of functional extracts and drinks., We aimed to identify the optimum mixing ratio for various ingredients to obtain complex extracts with high extract yields and immune-enhancing activity in animals. The extract yield and amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 were set to maximum for modeling predictions. The predicted optimum values for the mixing ratio were 49.5% for Rhodiola crenulata, 26.1% for Astragalus membranaceus, and 24.4% for Panax quinquefolius, and the predicted response values were 31.5% yield, 13.4% NO production, and 6.1% IL-6 production; actual values were 35.3% yield, 14.7% NO, and 6.6% IL-6. The optimum mixing ratio extract (OMRE) was used for the animal experiments. Treating mice with OMRE at 200 mg/kg produced significant increases in spleen indexes and T-cell/B-cell proliferation. OMRE treatment increased IL-10 and IL-6 production in concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced T- and B- lymphocytes, respectively. These results provide a basis for the development of functional extracts and drinks.
Published: 2017

45. The immune-enhancing activity of Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and immunosuppressed mice

Author: Jin Mo Ku, Hyo In Kim, Yong Cheol Shin, Seong-Gyu Ko, Se Hyang Hong, Hye Sook Seo, Soo Hyun Park, and Chang-Won Ahn
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cell Survival, medicine.medical_treatment, Blotting, Western, Cell Culture Techniques, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, Nitric Oxide, Bone and Bones, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Ginseng, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Immunologic Factors, Macrophage, Immunodeficiency, Immunosuppression Therapy, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Tissue Extracts, Deer, Macrophages, NF-kappa B, Cell Differentiation, Immunosuppression, NF-κB, medicine.disease, Medicine, Korean Traditional, RAW 264.7 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Models, Animal, Cancer cell, Immunology, Cytokines, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Signal transduction, Signal Transduction, Food Science
Abstract: Chemotherapeutics are often used to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, they can also harm healthy cells and cause side effects such as immunosuppression. Especially traditional oriental medicines long used in Asia, may be beneficial candidates for the alleviation of immune diseases. Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) is currently sold in the market as coffee and health drinks. However, NGE was not widely investigated and efficacy remain unclear and essentially nothing is known about their potential immune-regulatory properties. As a result, NGE induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophage cells. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells elevated cytokines levels and NO production. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells activated MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. NGE encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed short-term treated with NGE mice model. NGE or Red ginseng encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed long-term treated with NGE mice model. Our data clearly show that NGE contains immune-enhancing activity and can be used to treat immunodeficiency.
Published: 2017

46. Corn silk maysin ameliorates obesity in vitro and in vivo via suppression of lipogenesis, differentiation, and function of adipocytes

Author: Yong Il Park, Jisun Lee, Chang Won Lee, Jeong Yeon Seo, Sun-Lim Kim, and Ji Won Choi
Subjects: Blood Glucose, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adipose tissue, Diet, High-Fat, Weight Gain, Zea mays, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Cell Line, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucosides, In vivo, 3T3-L1 Cells, Internal medicine, Lipid droplet, Adipocyte, Adipocytes, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha, medicine, Animals, Obesity, Triglycerides, Caspase, Flavonoids, Pharmacology, Adipogenesis, biology, Lipogenesis, Body Weight, Cell Differentiation, Cholesterol, LDL, General Medicine, In vitro, Mice, Inbred C57BL, PPAR gamma, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, biology.protein, Anti-Obesity Agents, Intracellular
Abstract: Present study was aimed to investigate the potential anti-obesity effects of maysin, a major flavonoid of corn silk, in vitro and in vivo using 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and C57BL/6 mice. Maysin decreased the levels of intracellular lipid droplets and triglycerides (TG), and down-regulated the protein expression levels of C/EBP-β, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, and aP2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, suggesting that maysin inhibits lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. In addition, maysin was shown to induce the apoptotic cell death in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells via activation of caspase cascades and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may ultimately lead to reduction of adipose tissue mass. Furthermore, oral administration of maysin (25mg/kg body weight) decreased weight gain and epididymal fat weight in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. Administration of maysin also reduced serum levels of TG, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose. Taken collectively, these results suggest for the first time that the purified maysin exerts an anti-obesity effect in vitro and in vivo. These observations may support the applicability of maysin as a potent functional ingredient in health-beneficial foods or as a therapeutic agent to prevent or treat obesity.
Published: 2017

47. Chorioamnionitis: Is a major player in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Author: Chang Won Choi
Subjects: Amniotic fluid, Inflammation, Review Article, Chorioamnionitis, Pediatrics, behavioral disciplines and activities, Ureaplasma, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Placenta, mental disorders, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Fetus, biology, business.industry, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Chorioamnionitis is an inflammation in the fetal membranes or placenta. When chorioamnionitis develops, fetal lungs are exposed to inflammatory cytokines and mediators via amniotic fluid. Because inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity, fetal lung inflammation induced by chorioamnionitis has been considered to be one of the major pathogenetic factors for BPD. Although there have been a number of studies that demonstrated the relationship between chorioamnionitis and BPD, there are still controversies on this issue. The controversies on the relationship between chorioamnionitis and BPD arise from not-unified definitions of chorioamnionitis and BPD, different study populations, and the proportion of contribution between inflammation and infectious microorganisms. The publication bias also contributes to the controversies. Clinical trials targeting chorioamnionitis or microorganisms that cause chorioamnionitis will answer on the actual relationship between chorioamnionitis and BPD and provide a novel prophylactic strategy against BPD based on that relationship.
Published: 2017

48. Quality and characteristics of fermented ginseng seed oil based on bacterial strain and extraction method

Author: Chang-Won Cho, Myung-Hee Lee, Young-Kyoung Rhee, Hee-Do Hong, Sang-Yoon Choi, and Kyung-Tack Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Korean Red Ginseng, extraction method, phenolic compounds, fermented ginseng seed oil, 010402 general chemistry, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), 03 medical and health sciences, Ginseng, lcsh:Botany, Lactobacillus, Technical Note, Food science, phytosterol, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, biology, Chemistry, Phytosterol, Extraction (chemistry), Supercritical fluid extraction, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Supercritical fluid, lcsh:QK1-989, 0104 chemical sciences, Complementary and alternative medicine, Fermentation, Pediococcus, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background In this study, the fermentation of ginseng seeds was hypothesized to produce useful physiologically-active substances, similar to that observed for fermented ginseng root. Ginseng seed was fermented using Bacillus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus strains to extract ginseng seed oil, and the extraction yield, color, and quantity of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and phytosterol were then analyzed. Methods The ginseng seed was fermented inoculating 1% of each strain on sterilized ginseng seeds and incubating the seeds at 30°C for 24 h. Oil was extracted from the fermented ginseng seeds using compression extraction, solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Results and Conclusion The color of the fermented ginseng seed oil did not differ greatly according to the fermentation or extraction method. The highest phenolic compound content recovered with the use of supercritical fluid extraction combined with fermentation using the Bacillus subtilis Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) 1127 strain. The fatty acid composition did not differ greatly according to fermentation strain and extraction method. The phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method was highest at 983.58 mg/100 g. Therefore, our results suggested that the ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method can yield a higher content of bioactive ingredients, such as phenolics, and phytosterols, without impacting the color or fatty acid composition of the product.
Published: 2017

49. Dataset on the changes of neutrophils treated with retinoic acid

Author: Dong-Keun Song, Jae Man Lee, Shin-Yeong Kim, Jun-Kyu Kim, Minsang Shin, Chang-Won Hong, Young-Jin Yun, and Sanjeeb Shrestha
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Hypersegmented neutrophil, Adoptive cell transfer, Retinoic acid, Biology, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science (General), Cytotoxicity, Data Article, Multidisciplinary, Effector, Neutrophil, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Apoptosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, Cancer cell, Cancer research, lcsh:R858-859.7, Hypersegmentation, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Retinoic acid induces hypersegmentation and enhances cytotoxicity of neutrophils against cancer cells” (S. Shrestha, S.Y. Kim, Y.J. Young, J.K. Kim, J.M. Lee, M. Shin, D.K. Song, C.W. Hong, 2017) [1] . This article complements the potential of retinoic acid to induce changes in effector function of human neutrophils. Here the datasets describe the rate of apoptosis, changes in numbers of nuclear lobes, and the expressions of surface markers in human neutrophils in presence or absence of retinoic acid. The tumor growth in recipient mice with adoptive transfer of retinoic acid-treated neutrophils was evaluated. The included data is made publicly available to criticism and extended analysis.
Published: 2017

50. Mass-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Lactobacillus sakei and Its Growth Media at Different Growth Phases

Author: Sang Bong Lee, Chang-Won Cho, Gwang-Ju Jang, Bo-Min Kim, Jae-In Lee, Hyeon-Jeong Lee, Hee-Do Hong, Young Kyoung Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Eun-Ji Gu, Dong Wook Kim, and Seonghwa Song
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, biology, Metabolite, 030106 microbiology, Tryptophan, food and beverages, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Lactobacillus sakei, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metabolomics, chemistry, Fermentation, Malic acid, Food science, Energy source, Lactic acid fermentation, Biotechnology
Abstract: Changes in the metabolite profiles of Lactobacillus sakei and its growth media, based on different culture times (0, 6, 12, and 24 h), were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography-MS with partial least squares discriminant analysis, in order to understand the growth characteristics of this organism. Cell and media samples of L. sakei were significantly separated on PLS-DA score plots. Cell and media metabolites, including sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, were identified as major metabolites contributing to the difference among samples. The alteration of cell and media metabolites during cell growth was strongly associated with energy production. Glucose, fructose, carnitine, tryptophan, and malic acid in the growth media were used as primary energy sources during the initial growth stage, but after the exhaustion of these energy sources, L. sakei could utilize other sources such as trehalose, citric acid, and lysine in the cell. The change in the levels of these energy sources was inversely similar to the energy production, especially ATP. Based on these identified metabolites, the metabolomic pathway associated with energy production through lactic acid fermentation was proposed. Although further studies are required, these results suggest that MS-based metabolomic analysis might be a useful tool for understanding the growth characteristics of L. sakei, the most important bacterium associated with meat and vegetable fermentation, during growth.
Published: 2017

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