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Neocrex erythrops (Sclater, 1867), Paint-billed Crake, is a difficult bird to find and has few, scattered records spread over Brazil. The state of Espírito Santo has only one documented record of this species, which is based on a specimen collected in 1940. After 76 years since this first and only record, we present new records of N. erythrops from Espírito Santo. The new data increase the knowledge of this species in the state.

Studying the occurrence of Leishmania in bats would help toward clarifying the role of these animals in epidemiological cycles. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect Leishmania spp. in bats from the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo. In total, 105 bats from 11 species which had been collected from 17 municipalities of Espírito Santo were obtained from the IDAF Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory between December 2018 and June 2019. DNA was extracted from the bone marrow, skin, and spleen samples and analysed using conventional PCR, with primers specific for the kinetoplastic DNA minicircle of the parasitic species Leishmania (Viannnia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. To identify the Leishmania species, the positive PCR products were analysed using PCR-RFLP with the HaeIII enzyme and 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Positivity for L. (V.) braziliensis was observed in five (4.76%) bats: namely, one male Eumops glaucinus from Vitória (in a skin sample), one male Artibeus lituratus from Vila Velha and one female Eumops glaucinus from Vitória (both in bone marrow samples), and one male A. lituratus from Vitória and one male Molossus rufus from Guarapari (both in the spleen samples). To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of Leishmania in bats from Espírito Santo as well as of Leishmania DNA in the bone marrow of bats.

We present the first record of Phyllopezus pollicaris from the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, at the Atlantic Forest rock outcrops of the Pedra do Elefante – an inselberg area located at the municipality of Nova Venécia. We discuss the first state record for the genus, the geographic distribution range for this species, and the records outside the seasonally dry forest biomes, in which the species rarely occurs.

Although postharvest coffee fruit fermentation can improve coffee flavour and quality, the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) can also be a result of microbiological activity, albeit in the later drying step of coffee processing. To evaluate the possible occurrence of OTA contamination in postharvest fruit fermentation, fourteen coffees that entailed two different postharvest fruit fermentation times were evaluated. These coffees originated in the surroundings of the village of Pedra Menina in the qualified Denomination of Origin and coffee producer region of Caparao on the border between Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo states in Brazil. All coffees were classified according to the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) protocol and 12 achieved specialty level. OTA was determined in all 14 coffees using immunoaffinity for sample clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for quantification. One sample presented an OTA concentration of 0.75 µg kg-1 and two samples showed OTA concentrations of 0.87 µg kg-1. The other samples had concentrations of OTA below the limit of quantification obtained in this work (0.64 µg kg-1). Thus, all samples showed OTA concentrations far below the most stringent maximum residue limit (MRL) of 5 µg kg-1 established for roasted coffees by European legislation. These low levels were similar to most of the previous results for Brazilian coffees listed and tabled in this work. This comparison showed that OTA contamination due to this kind of postharvest process - fruit fermentation - should not be a concern for producers and consumers of these fermented coffees.

CRESCIMENTO VEGETATIVO, PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE DOS FRUTOS DO ABACAXIZEIRO ‘BRS IMPERIAL’ SOB LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO WESLLEY DO ROSÁRIO SANTANA1; LUÃ VÍTHOR CHÍXARO ALMEIDA FALCÃO ROSA1; JOABE MARTINS DE SOUZA1 E ROBSON BONOMO1 1Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mario Covas, Km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brasil. E-mail: weslley.rosario@hotmail.com; luan_chixaro@hotmail.com; joabenv@gmail.com; robson.bonomo@gmail.com 1 RESUMO Conhecer a demanda hídrica de uma cultura em uma região possibilita um melhor manejo da irrigação e desenvolvimento da cultura. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento vegetativo, qualidade físico-química dos frutos e a produtividade do abacaxizeiro ‘BRS Imperial’ sob lâminas de irrigação nas condições de tabuleiro costeiro, no estado do Espírito Santo (ES). O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, município de São Mateus, em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com sete lâminas de irrigação (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% e 150% da evapotranspiração de cultura-ETc), quatro repetições e seis plantas úteis por parcela. Foram avaliadas características vegetativas da planta e físico-químicas dos frutos e a produtividade. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância. Para as condições em estudo, a maior altura de planta e diâmetro do caule observado foi de 28,8 cm e 65,1 mm, respectivamente, ambos na lâmina aplicada referente a 69% da reposição da ETc. Para as características físico-químicas analisadas, as lâminas de irrigação aplicadas não influenciaram significativamente a cultura. A produtividade obtida foi de 40,41 t ha-1, com teor médio de sólidos solúveis totais de 16,46 ºBrix, valor superior ao mínimo exigido para a colheita e comercialização. Palavras-chave: Ananas comosus (L.) Merril, características físico-químicas, massa do fruto, manejo da irrigação. SANTANA, W. do R.; ROSA, L. V. C. A. F.; SOUZA, J. M. de; BONOMO, R. VEGETATIVE GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF PINEAPPLE CROP ‘BRS IMPERIAL' UNDER IRRIGATION DEPTHS 2 ABSTRACT Knowing the hydric demand of a crop in a region enables better irrigation management and crop development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth, physical-chemical quality of the fruits and the yield of the pineapple crop ‘BRS Imperial’ under irrigation depths in coastal conditions, in the state of Espírito Santo (ES). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, municipality of São Mateus, in a randomized block design, with seven irrigation depths (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc)), four replications and six useful plants per plot. The vegetative characteristics of the plant and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated, as well as the yield. The results were subjected to analysis of variance. For the conditions under study, the highest plant height and stem diameter observed were 28.8 cm and 65.1 mm, respectively, both in the applied irrigation depth referring to 69% of the replacement of the ETc. For the physical-chemical characteristics analyzed, the applied irrigation depths did not significantly influence the crop. The yield obtained was 40.41 t ha-1, with an average content of total soluble solids of 16.46 ºBrix, higher than the minimum required for harvest and commercialization. Keywords: Ananas comosus (L.) Merril, physicochemical characteristics fruit, fruit mass, irrigation management.

In the Atlantic Forest, only a few species of Anthurium have internally reddish or purplish stems. During a floristic survey of Araceae species in the Atlantic Forest from Espirito Santo State, southeastern Brazil, we found an intriguing Anthurium species with purplish stems. Here, we describe and illustrate the new species, Anthurium alegrense, and also provide comments on its ecology and conservation.

Myrcia De Candolle (1827: 401) (Myrciinae, Myrteae, Myrtaceae) is represented by 101 species in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo (Santos et al. 2020). In addition, a new endemic species is here proposed based on a unique combination of morphological features. Morphological terminology follows Radford et al. (1974) and Lucas et al. (2018). A conservation assessment is proposed according to the IUCN (2012). For this, geographic coordinates of collections were estimated from specimen labels when missing and geographical parameters were calculated using GeoCAT (Bachman et al. 2011).

O Brasil é referência no setor cafeeiro, com elevada contribuição do estado do Espírito Santo (ES), que se destaca como principal produtor de conilon (Coffea canephora) no país. Após o beneficiamento, o café é caracterizado de acordo com sua qualidade, que é influenciada por diversos fatores e interfere diretamente na possibilidade de agregação de valor ao produto. Grande parte dos fatores determinantes da qualidade está associada aos processos de colheita, processamento, secagem e armazenamento. Desse modo, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a relação entre os principais métodos de secagem utilizados para o café conilon cultivado em diferentes altitudes e sua qualidade final. Foram utilizadas amostras de grãos secos em terreiro comum (TC), terreiro de cimento suspenso coberto com estufa (TS) e secador rotativo pelo método direto (S). A análise sensorial foi realizada através de degustação por julgadores especializados e a qualidade química foi avaliada por meio das análises de umidade, pH, acidez total titulável e condutividade elétrica. As amostras apresentaram diferença significativa entre os diferentes métodos de secagem utilizados para todos os parâmetros avaliados. Não foi possível identificar um único método de secagem que promovesse amostras com parâmetros superiores de qualidade, indicando, portanto, que o uso de matéria prima de boa qualidade, aliado a manejo e processamento pós-colheita adequados, proporcionam produtos finais dentro dos padrões de qualidade, independentemente do método de secagem utilizado.

Three new species of Eusarcus Perty, 1833 are described from Brazilian caves, increasing the number of species of the genus to 40, eight of which have occurrences in caves. Eusarcus capixaba sp. nov. is described from Lapa do Sítio Paraíso Cave, municipality of Ecoporanga, state of Espírito Santo. Eusarcus marmoreus sp. nov. is described from Caverna Archimides Panssini Cave, municipality of Vargem Alta, state of Espírito Santo. Finally, Eusarcus xambioa sp. nov. is described from Caverna da Explosão Cave, municipality of Xambioá, state of Tocantins. Notes on the species’ habitats and a distribution map are also provided.

Peritassa formidolosa, the new species here described, differs from other species of Peritassa Miers by its unique combination of characters: anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits, inconspicuous connectives, and campanuliform flowers. This new taxon is included into Peritassa because of these characteristics: anther dehiscence mode and short-tubular disc free from the ovary wall.

The processing yield or performance, which includes drying and depulping of coffee fruits, can be calculated as the relationship between the volume of ripe coffee fruits and green coffee weight and is a relevant characteristic for the development of new cultivars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the processing performance of 42 genotypes and one population of Coffea canephora. The treatments consisted of 42 C. canephora genotypes propagated by cuttings and one seed-derived population arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The genotypes were harvested when 80% of the fruits were in the ripe stage (red berries). We evaluated the relationship of the volume to weight of ripe fruit (ripe fruit volume [RFV]/ripe fruit weight [RFW]), the percentage of seed per fruit (% of seeds), the yield (in liters of ripe coffee) required to produce a 60-kg bag of green coffee, and the relationship between RFW and dry green bean weight (RFW/dry seed weight [DSW]). The results were subjected to ANOVA, and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p < .05). The mean yield of the evaluated genotypes was 347.57 L bag-1 of green coffee (between 294.01 and 439.72 L bag-1). A lower seed per fruit percentage identifies genotypes with a lower yield and higher RFW/DSW ratio. The genotypes Z21, 700, AD1, LB1, Emcapa 143, and AP required less than 315 L of ripe coffee to produce one 60-kg bag of green coffee beans. Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-23T03:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 18526.pdf: 1129700 bytes, checksum: 1eb2b1b70b131e17bd78f0dfaf8c1ba5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A new species of moth fly, Maruina cunhanta Araújo & Santos, sp. nov., is described from the state of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil. A checklist of Maruina is also provided

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T03:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) With the aim of recognizing and identifying both fertile and sterile specimens of Ocotea from the Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, we analyzed the leaf venation pattern of 31 species, 13 of them being described and illustrated for the first time. A dichotomous identification key was built from a matrix of 12 venation characters and 36 states, which allowed to distinguish the taxa. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199 Alumnus of Curso de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Instituto de Biociências, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199 Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Páduas Dias 11, Independência, Caixa Postal 09 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199 Alumnus of Curso de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Instituto de Biociências, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199 CNPq: 136242/2015-4 CNPq: 309504/2018-0 CNPq: 309901/2018-9 CAPES: 88881.030430/2013-01

O caráter endêmico em algumas regiões do Brasil para doenças causadas por enteroparasitos ainda é bastante evidenciado e poucas ações têm sido apresentadas pelos órgãos governamentais para mudar esse quadro. Considerando que a população infantil é a mais acometida por doenças parasitológicas, o presente estudo analisou amostras de fezes de estudantes de uma escola pública do município de São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brasil e desenvolveu atividades educativas e de conscientização junto à população em estudo. A pesquisa foi de natureza descritiva, privilegiando uma abordagem interpretativa. Amostras de fezes dos participantes foram coletadas no período de abril a junho de 2019, após assinatura de um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido pelos pais ou responsáveis. O material foi encaminhando ao Laboratório de Parasitologia e Hematologia Clínica do Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo e analisado pelo método de sedimentação espontânea. De um total de 52 frascos coletores distribuídos na escola, entre os indivíduos que concordaram em participar da pesquisa, 22 amostras (42,31%) foram recolhidas. Destas, 8 (36,36 %) estavam positivas para cisto de protozoários e ovos de helmintos. O comensal Entamoeba coli (12,5%) e os parasitos Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (62,5%) e Trichuris trichiura (25%) foram os mais prevalentes. Os resultados permitem compreender a relevância necessidade da aplicação de medidas de educação sanitária e de investimentos no serviço público, a fim de minimizar os processos de transmissão parasitária, principalmente em regiões que apresentam precariedades sociais.

espanolPassiflora L. belongs to the family Passifloraceae sensu stricto, and comprises 700–750 species. There are approximately 161 known species of the family in Brazil, of which 153 belong to Passiflora, 89 are endemic, 83 occur in the region of the Atlantic Domain; 40 occur in Rio de Janeiro State (RJ). Using field samplings techniques and scientific collection analyses, we present here new geographic records for Passiflora deidamioides Harms, P. imbeana Sacco, P. junqueirae Imig & Cervi, and P. truncata Regel for RJ, principally in the Serra dos Orgaos National Park (PARNASO). Geographic distribution data was used to calculate the Extension of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) of the species. Passiflora junqueirae, previously considered endemic to Espirito Santo State, now has new records for RJ. Passiflora imbeana and P. truncata are extended into RJ, being recorded there for the first time in the municipality of Teresopolis. The four species are cited for the first time in PARNASO, occurring between 1,000 and 1,700 m.a.s.l. in Montane and Upper Montane Atlantic Rainforest. We provide taxonomic information, distribution maps, and the conservation status of the species. EnglishPassiflora L. pertenece a la familia Passifloraceae sensu stricto y comprende entre 700 y 750 especies. Hay aproximadamente 161 especies conocidas de la familia en Brasil, de las cuales 153 pertenecen a Passiflora, 89 son endemicas, 83 se encuentran en la region del Dominio Atlantico; 40 ocurren en el estado de Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Utilizando tecnicas de muestreo de campo y analisis de colecciones cientificas, presentamos aqui nuevos registros geograficos de Passiflora deidamioides Harms, P. imbeana Sacco, P. junqueirae Imig & Cervi y P. truncata Regel para RJ, principalmente en el Parque Nacional Serra dos Orgaos (PARNASO ). Se utilizaron datos de distribucion geografica para calcular la Extension de Ocurrencia (EOO) y el Area de Ocupacion (AOO) de la especie. Passiflora junqueirae, anteriormente considerada endemica del estado de Espirito Santo, ahora tiene nuevos registros para RJ. Passiflora imbeana y P. truncata se extienden a RJ, registrandose alli por primera vez en el municipio de Teresopolis. Las cuatro especies se citan por primera vez en PARNASO, ocurriendo entre 1,000 y 1,700 m.a.s.l. en el Bosque Atlantico Montano y Montano Superior. Brindamos informacion taxonomica, mapas de distribucion y el estado de conservacion de la especie.

O Objetivo central dessa pesquisa é analisar o cenário esportivo da modalidade Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas no Brasil. Metodologicamente, este estudo se divide em duas partes, inicialmente precisou buscar informações acerca da modalidade no site eletrônica da organização responsável pela administração do esporte, a Associação Nacional de Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas. No site foram encontrado os resultados de competições nacionais e internacionais, participação da seleção nacional em competições no exterior, jogadores e clubes filiados, além de estatuto e outros documentos oficiais importantes para a análise. Após a catalogação dessas informações, com o auxílio da literatura existente, partimos para uma análise sobre a modalidade no Brasil.Num segundo momento, o trabalhou se debruçou na análise do que a literatura vem desenvolvendo sobre o esporte, através da leitura de artigos, livros, dissertações e teses. A modalidade tem crescido no Brasil e hoje está presente em cinco estados e no Distrito Federal, com quatorze entidades filiadas à ABRC, geograficamente, as entidades estão presentes nas regiões Sul (Paraná), Sudeste (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo) e Centro-Oeste (Distrito Federal). O Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas no Brasil está em processo de desenvolvimento, para isso, precisa ser praticado em locais que ainda não conhecem o esporte, Um maior incentivo na compra de material e cadeiras esportivas e buscar mais atletas legíveis para a modalidade.

Gray-hooded Gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1818), is distributed across South America and considered a resident, with individuals in their non-breeding period able to disperse over long distances. We report the first records of this species from the state of Espírito Santo, the only state on the Brazilian coast without previous records. We suggest that the geographical distribution of this species is expanding along the Brazilian coast, in accordance with what has been previously suggested forGray-hooded Gull.

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a typical plant with a tropical climate, but also grown in subtropical regions. Using mathematical models well-adjusted allows with good precision to estimate characteristics of interest. The objective was to adjust an equation that estimates the fruit mass for each cultivar of papaya, Alianca and THB, using only one measure, length or width. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Linhares in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Seedlings were planted on the same day, spaced 3.6 × 1.5 m and in rows side by side. Initially, the equations were modeled, they were linearized and then the covariance analysis was performed in order to verify the possibility of an equation that would serve both cultivars. As the covariance was significant, it was necessary to develop equations for each cultivar. To obtain the growth equations, 350 fruits of cultivar Alianca and 550 of THB were used. The validation was performed with 50 fruits of each. The characteristics evaluated were the largest width (W in mm), the longest fruit length (L, in mm) and the observed mass (OM in g). The equations that best fit were those of the power model that use width (W) as an independent variable.

Acanthaceae is a wide spread family with usually capsular fruits, with two valves and explosive dehiscence containing two or more seeds. The morphological features of fruits and seeds are important in the identification at supra especific level, since they vary morphologically. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the morphology of the fruits and seeds of Ruellia furcata. This species is endemic to Brazil and restrict to restinga areas. The collection was carried out with the aid of a gauze type fabric. The fruits were measured in length of the sterile and fertile portion, total length, width, thickness, and retinacula height. The seeds were measured in length, width and thickness. For description, internal and external details were pointed. The fruits and seeds of R. furcata present morphological features that are commonly found in the genus however, its characteristics allow it to be positioned taxonomically and provide an understanding of its dispersion.

El trabajo presenta el conocimiento etnoecologico de los pescadores artesanales de Ubu y Parati, en el sur de Espirito Santo, con el fin de comprender sus estrategias para utilizar espacios marinos para mantener la subsistencia y los ingresos. Con un enfoque en la pesca de robalos y sierras, se realizaron entrevistas (n = 22) para obtener informacion sobre las areas de pesca, los comportamientos de las etnoespecies, las tecnicas de captura, ademas de las dinamicas climaticas y oceanograficas locales. Despues, esta informacion se correlaciono con los datos encontrados en la literatura cientifica. Se concluye, primero, que el conocimiento sobre el medio ambiente permite al pescador variar los esfuerzos de pesca, las tecnicas y el lugar, de acuerdo con las condiciones ambientales aportadas a cada estacionalidad. En segundo lugar, faltan estudios para subsidiar la gestion pesquera local, y finalmente, hay insatisfaccion con las normas de gestion pesquera, consideradas incompatibles con las formas tradicionales de trabajo.

Species of Pelecinidae are very uncommonly collected in Brazil, despite they are one of the largest and most remarkable species of Hymenoptera. Here in, we report new records of Pelecinus polyturator (Drury, 1773) for Acre, Maranhão (Amazon rainforest) and Espírito Santo (Atlantic rainforest).

The Itapemirim River is considered one of the most important water resources in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. However, environmental problems due to continuous anthropogenic contamination are threatening its potential use. This study assessed water quality by analyzing abiotic and toxicogenetic aspects of the water from four stations along the river. Samples were collected in both dry and rainy seasons. Most of the abiotic variables were below the threshold established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, and so were most of the metals. However, Al and Cu contents were above those allowed by legislation, ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 mg/L. Regarding toxicogenetic aspects, genotoxic effects were observed in meristematic cells of Allium cepa, in micronucleus test and comet assay of Oreochromis niloticus, and CHO-K1 cells. Mutagenic effects were significant at RI 02 (0.34), RI 03 (0.46), and RI 04 (0.12) stations on the first campaign in A. cepa F1 cells, compared to the negative control (0.0). The second campaign revealed the same results, but with the addition of samples from RI 01 (0.17) and RI 03 (0.18) showing mutagenicity in the micronucleus test with fish erythrocytes when compared to the negative control (0.3). Essentially, all the samples evaluated in both campaigns showed damage in A. cepa, O. niloticus, and CHO-K1 cells, thus demonstrating that the water quality of the Itapemirim River is compromised and requires action plans for its recovery.

The humpback whale (HW; Megaptera novaeangliae) population that seasonally resides along the Brazilian coast concentrates in the Abrolhos Bank (Bahia and Espírito Santo states) for breeding during austral winter and spring. Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV, Paramyxoviridae family) is currently one of the most significant biological threats to cetaceans worldwide with high infection and mortality rates. CeMV is pleiotropic yet it has special tropism for the respiratory, lymphoid and nervous system and is primarily transmitted by the aerogenous route. A new lineage of CeMV, the Guiana dolphin morbillivirus (GDMV), is known to affect cetaceans off Brazil. GDMV was first detected in a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) stranded in the Abrolhos Bank region, in 2010. In addition to pathologic examinations on stranded HW, pathogen survey of free-ranging HW may provide valuable insight into the epidemiology of diseases. We hypothesized that HW in the Brazilian breeding ground could be exposed to CeMV. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the presence of CeMV in exhaled breath condensates (EBC) of HW in the Abrolhos Bank. Overall, 73 samples of EBC from 48 groups of HW were collected during the breeding seasons of 2011 (n = 16) and 2012 (n = 57). One sample failed to have the reference gene amplified and was excluded from the study. CeMV was detected by a RT-qPCR method in 2 EBC samples, representing 2 whale groups. Phylogenetic analysis of partial morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene showed 100% homology to GDMV. Our results show that HW in Brazil are infected by CeMV with a relative prevalence of 4.3% (2/47) and demonstrate the suitability of using EBC and RT-qPCR as a non-invasive tool for CeMV survey in free-ranging whales. This pioneer study provides scientific basis for non-invasive CeMV monitoring of HW, suggests HW may play a role in the dynamics of CeMV and raises concern for potential conservation implications for this species.

During our studies on Eugenia of Espírito Santo state, Brazil, two new species came out of our attention being here described, illustrated and compared morphologically with their similar species. Eugenia mestrealvarensis can be easily recognised by its clusters of fascicules on trunk with pedicellate flowers, an unusual feature among the species of the genus, and E. penduliflora by its two-flowered raceme with later vegetative proliferation with pendular pedicels. Both species are evaluated as critically endangered following IUCN red list criteria, being E. mestrealvarensis restricted to the Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual de Mestre Álvaro, and E. penduliflora to the Reserva Natural Vale, in Espírito Santo state.

Hololepta (Leionota) reichii Marseul is a widespread but rarely encountered natural enemy of social bees, so we evaluated feeding habits and behavior of such a clown beetle regarding bees, beehive by-products, and other sources of food under a monitored environment. The experiments revealed that H. reichii preferentially predates larvae and pupae of social bees extracted from brood cells, but also feeds on dead adult stingless bees and on larvae and pupae inside cells. This note reports the first finding of clown beetles (Coleoptera, Histeridae) in a hive aggregation of stingless and honey bees in natural conditions and expands the known distribution of the species to the state of Espirito Santo, the second record in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Guapira siqueirae is described in the present paper as a new species from the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State (SE-Brazil). This species can be morphologically distinguished from the other Guapira species by the distal portion of the branches, the bases of the petioles and peduncle that are ferruginous-puberulous, the inflorescences with alternate or opposite branches, the lustrous adaxial surface of matures leaves, and the larger anthocarps. A distribution map and comparisons with morphologically related species are also provided.

Plant phenology is determined by phases that mark the appearance or disappearance of vegetative and reproductive organs, such as the appearance of plants, the appearance of buds, flowers and fruits. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the phenological behavior of Physalis peruviana L. grown in a greenhouse in the city of São Mateus - ES, verifying whether its production is feasible under the conditions presented. The experimental design used was completely randomized, totaling 34 plants, with treatments consisting of days after transplanting. The plant's conduction system was single-stemmed. The spacing used between the plants was triangular (0.55m x 0.55m x 1m). For the observation of phenophases, it was considered when 30% of the plants were in the following stages: Stage 1 - True Leaves; Phase 2 - Flower buds; Step 3 - Open flowers; Step 4 - Immature fruits; and Step 5 - Ripe fruits. At the end of the experiment, the following evaluations were performed: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, number of flower buds, number of flowers and number of fruits per plant. The averages were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The results showed that it is possible to produce Physalis peruviana L. under the conditions defined in a greenhouse in the region of São Mateus-ES, the crop showed good development in the vegetative, flowering and fruiting phases, starting the harvest 60 days after transplant.

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) is a rare condition that is caused by defective diaphragm and pericardium development. It occurs in dogs and cats and is most prevalent in Weimaraner and Persian breeds. This study presents the first report of a congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a geriatric cat in Espírito Santo in Brazil. A 12-year old male Persian cat was referred to the veterinary hospital. Clinical examination revealed hyporexia, cachexia, alopecia, dyspnea, and an adherent and irregularly shaped nodule in the left caudal breast. Cytopathological examination of the abdominal nodulation revealed a mammary carcinoma. Thoracic radiography revealed PPDH. The animal was euthanized. On necropsy, the abdominal cavity revealed a part of the liver inside the diaphragm, and the thoracic view revealed the heart and liver inside the pericardial sac. Histopathological analysis confirmed mammary carcinoma and revealed dermatophytic pseudomycetoma. This is the first report of PPDH, which was incidentally detected, in a geriatric Persian cat that had survived for several years without diagnosis in Espírito Santo, Brazil. From the observations made, we conclude that comprehensive clinical examination, involving imaging, is important in detecting congenital abnormalities such as PPDH.

In the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo, 11 species of Lytoneuron occur, of which one is new to science, L. poseidonii. Besides the 11 species, we also recognize two varieties, of which one is new, L. columbinum var. caparaoense. We also make three new combinations: L. columbinum, L. microphyllum, and L. ornithopus var. pygmaeum. Three species are widespread in South America, whereas the remaining taxa are endemic to the mountainous regions of southeastern Brazil. We present comprehensive descriptions and illustrations for all taxa, as well as an updated key and list of specimens.

We present the first record of Dipsas mikanii Schlegel, 1837 from the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. This species has a broad geographic distribution in eastern Brazil. We collected two specimens, one from Água Doce do Norte, a municipality approximately 90 km northeast from the nearest previously known locality in the state of Minas Gerais, and the second from Colatina, about 60 km east from the nearest record in Minas Gerais. We discuss and correct misidentified records of D. mikanii from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina.

Dinoponera lucida é uma formiga endêmica da Mata Atlântica e desde 2003 está na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi relatar a ocorrência desta formiga em uma área sob ação antrópica no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil, fora da sua área de distribuição geográfica conhecida Cinquenta exemplares dessa formiga foram coletadas em uma área próxima a cidade de Ponto dos Volantes e levadas para o laboratório de Controle Biológico de Insetos em Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, colocadas com álcool a 70% e enviadas ao Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Brasil, para identificação. Mapas foram elaborados para ilustrar a distância do ponto de coleta dos exemplares de D. lucida a sua distribuição geográfica e o levantamento da vegetação predominante do município de Ponto dos Volantes. Este é o primeiro relato de D. lucida no nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A maioria dos indivíduos de D. lucida estava morta ou quebrada, mas as possíveis causas como a destruição de seu habitat ou competição não foram determinadas. A presença desta formiga fora de sua área endêmica inicial indica a possível presença de populações isoladas de D. lucida. Palavras-chave: Adaptação. Formiga. Mata Atlântica. Fragmentação. Insetos. Abstract Dinoponera lucida is an endemic ant to the Atlantic Forest and since 2003 has been on the list of endangered species. The objective of this research was to report the occurrence of this ant in area under anthropic action in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside its known geographic distribution area. Fifty ants were collected and taken to the Biological Control Laboratory of Insects in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, placed in70% alcohol and sent to the Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Brazil to be identified. Maps were elaborated to illustrate the distance from the collection point of the D. lucida specimens to their geographic distribution and the survey of the predominant vegetation of the municipality of Ponto dos Volantes. This is the first report of D. lucida in the north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil.Most individuals of D. lucida were dead or broken, but possible causes such as the destruction of their habitat or competition were not determined. The presence of this ant outside its original endemic area indicates the possible presence of isolated populations of D. lucida. Keyword: Adaptation. Ant. Atlantic Forest. Fragmentation. Insects.

The advertisement call of Macrogenioglottus alipioi was firstly described 40 years ago from Santa Teresa municipality, Espirito Santo state, Brazil. With the advancement of digital recording and call analysis in bioacoustics, we redescribe the advertisement call of M. alipioi from a population close to its type locality, municipality of Urucuca, Bahia. Additionally, we describe the release call and provide morphometric data. The advertisement call of M. alipioi consists of a simple pulsatile structured call, which can be emitted alone or in a series of 4–9 calls. The mean call duration is 0.46 ± 0.04 s (0.35–0.55 s) and dominant frequency ranges from 344.5 to 430.7 Hz (366.2 ± 37.56 Hz). The release call of M. alipioi usually has a pulsatile spindle-shaped waveform with harmonics and sidebands in the spectrum. The mean call duration is 0.175 s ± 0.067 (0.032–0.314 s) and dominant frequency ranges from 387.60 to 559.90 Hz (420.99 Hz ± 30.63 Hz). Males (95.3 ± 5.5 mm) and females (99.6 ± 7.8 mm) do not differ in body length, although they present significant differences related to morphometric variables of the hind limbs. We provide new bioacoustical and morphometric data of M. alipioi from a population close to its type locality. This information can help future studies that aim to define the range of a species that is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest.

Manta rays are marine planktivorous elasmobranchs that are distributed worldwide and highly susceptible to overexploitation. Although they are legally protected in Brazil since March 2013, incidental and intentional captures still occur. The sharp population decline following the intensification of targeted fisheries and bycatch highlights the urgent need of manta ray protection. This study provides information on several threats to manta rays (Mobula birostris and M. cf. birostris) in Brazil, including the frequency and geographic extent of the occurrences and their fishing and entanglement with fishing gear. We analysed photo/video records, and the scientific literature reporting mobulids incidence and focused on events of entanglement in fishing gear, intentional and incidental caught of manta rays, obtained from 2000 to 2020. From a total of 270 records of manta rays’ occurrences, 70 displayed wounds from anthropogenic activities, including 29 lethal records. Most of the injured individuals were recorded in the State of Sao Paulo (31.4%; n = 22), followed by Pernambuco (20.0%; n = 14), Rio de Janeiro (10.0%; n = 7), Bahia (8.6%; n = 6), Rio Grande do Norte (7.1%; n = 5), and Espirito Santo (5.7%; n = 4). Despite outnumbered, all manta rays’ occurrences in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara, Sergipe, Para, Piaui and Santa Catarina showed individuals either captured by fishers, with body scars or dragging fishing artefacts. The majority (61.4%) of injured individuals were recorded after the national protected status was implemented to the family Mobulidae, and all injuries observed were consequences of anthropogenic action. Our results highlight the diverse sources of threat and injuries patterns for manta rays in the nationwide territory and underscore the urgent need for monitoring fishing impacts and promoting effective enforcement of the national regulation for the protection of manta rays in Brazil.

Residues of the chrysanthemum agroindustry from different cultivars of Dendranthema x grandiflorum are sold in the Vitoria (Espirito Santo State, Brazil) marketplaces. Because of the large of varieties of this hybrid species, this study aimed to confirm the chemical similarity of the residual material collected in one year at the commercial places in neighborhoods of the city (Vitoria) for using it as an homogenous raw material to prepare larvicidal products. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts were produced from 27 samples. Medium infrared (MIR) spectra were obtained in triplicate for the 54 extracts. MIR data were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA), which divided the samples into two groups (GA1 and GA2) for dichloromethane extracts and into four groups (GB1, GB2, GB3 and GB4) for methanol extracts. The methanol extracts, we could see clear separation among the groups based on their classes of substances. The dichloromethane ones, it was possible to identify separation between GA1 and GA2 by classes of triterpene esters and diacylglycerols based on their mass peak intensities. Mixtures obtained from dichloromethane extracts (FA) and methanol extracts (FB) were assayed on Aedes aegypti larvae at the concentration 15 ppm. FB mixtures no larval mortality was observed, but FA mixtures were 100% active, possibly by the presence of fatty acids, triterpenes, steroids and alkamides in the samples of this group. These results show that residues of different varieties of the hybrid Dendranthema x grandiflorum generate chemically similar extracts, particularly for the lipophilic ones (FA), which can be used as a homogeneous raw material to obtain biologically active products, notably larvicides products.

During a floristic survey of Araceae in the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State, southeastern Brazil, we found an intriguing, unknown species of Anthurium Schott with cordate leaves. Here, we describe and illustrate the new species, A. sagrilloanum Theófilo & T. F. Sagrillo, and also provide comments on its ecology and distribution.

We describe two new species of Heteropterys (Malpighiaceae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Heteropterys eucalyptifolia and H. follianum belong to the Aptychia informal group, due to their petioles with a pair of glands at the base, sessile pedicels, petals exposed in the enlarging bud, and strongly heteromorphic filaments. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, a distribution map and information on the conservation status of the species are provided.

The State of Espirito Santo (Brazil) has 9.4 % of its area cultivated in full sun, monocrop coffee. Coffee has a great importance for the State and a dependenceon just one product can make farmers vulnerable to price fluctuations. Integrating coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) intercropped withAmbarella (Spondias dulcis Parkinson) offers environmental benefits and an extra financial combination through the commercialization of Ambarellafruits. The goal of this study was to verify the effects of the distance and orientation (East-West versus North-South) between Ambarella on coffee cropyield. We assessed two different coffee crops spaced (3 x 1.5) m. Both were intercropped with Ambarella spaced (15 x 7.5) m. The average coffee productivityvaried from (2,177 to 7,346) kg plant-1. The lowest productivity was measured in the North-South orientation, during 2016, and the highest in theEast-West orientation during 2017. Our findings also indicate that regardless of planting distance, Ambarella did not significantly affected coffee productivitydemonstrating that it can be a promising fruit tree to intercrop with Conilon coffee.

As plantas cultivadas que produzem nectar e polen para abelhas, comecam a ser vistas como de importância na economia, com apoio ao desenvolvimento da apicultura e da meliponicultura. As abelhas sem ferrao sao consideradas de grande importância para os ecossistemas devido a sua eficiencia como polinizadoras. Encontradas em todos os ecossistemas brasileiros, estas abelhas sao eficientes na polinizacao das plantas nativas e de muitas exoticas. Objetivou-se identificar as principais especies botânicas de plantas cultivadas exploradas durante o forrageamento de meliponineos, durante as quatro estacoes climaticas do ano, e a capacidade da abelha jatai ( Tetragonisca angustula ), como polinizadora de plantas cultivadas. O estudo foi conduzido em propriedade de agricultura familiar em sistema orgânico, na Regiao Central Serrana do Estado do Espirito Santo, no municipio de Santa Maria de Jetiba. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em percorrer a area de plantio da fazenda para observar, fotografar e coletar plantas que estavam floridas e visitadas pelas abelhas. A especie selecionada para o desenvolvimento do experimento foi a abelha Jatai, por caracterizar-se pelo tamanho reduzido e por ser uma especie de ocorrencia natural na regiao. Foram dispostas na propriedade rural, cinco caixas tipo vertical padrao racional modelo INPA, instaladas no centro da area de cultivo, em galpao coberto, sobre uma prateleira de madeira, com avaliacoes durante as quatro estacoes climaticas do ano. Foram realizadas as coletas das flores das especies de plantas cultivadas da ocasiao, assim como amostras de botoes florais e flores em antese com visita de abelhas jatai para preparo de um mini herbario, de forma a atender o reconhecimento destas especies vegetais. Em todas as estacoes climaticas do ano, foi observado o forrageamento de abelhas Jatai ( Tetragonisca angustula ), nas especies vegetais cultivadas relatadas, com predominio da familia Asteraceae, sendo que a familia Apiaceae foi observada em todas as estacoes catalogadas. O forrageamento ocorreu em maiores quantidades, em especies vegetais que floraram na estacao climatica do outono, seguido da primavera e inverno.

A contaminacao biologica e um grave problema ambiental da atualidade, contribuindo para a extincao de especies nativas; compreender os mecanismos que favorecem o dominio das especies invasoras e importantissimo na busca de solucoes eficazes para combate-las. Neste sentido, investigacoes sobre suas propriedades alelopaticas sao fundamentais, mas geralmente negligenciadas. No Espirito Santo, as unidades de conservacao estaduais estao com sua biodiversidade ameacada pela presenca de especies invasoras. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou inferir sobre a acao alelopatica dos extratos etanolicos das folhas de Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam e Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. por meio de dois organismos-teste: Lactuca sativa L. e Allium cepa L, bem como avaliar os principais grupos fitoquimicos presentes nessas especies. Para isso, as sementes dos organismos-teste foram acondicionadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro e submetidas a germinacao em agua deionizada (controle) ou uma das quatro concentracoes de cada extrato avaliado (1, 5, 10 e 50 mg/mL). Foram mensurados os indices de germinacao (IG), de velocidade de germinacao (IVG), de alelopatia (IA) e de crescimento radicular (IVCR), alem do tempo medio de germinacao (TMG), velocidade media de germinacao (VMG) e crescimento radicular medio (CRM). O extrato de A. heterophyllus Lam apresentou flavonoides, triterpenos e taninos e afetou significativamente o IA, IG e IVG de L. sativa a partir da concentracao de 5 mg/mL e em todas as concentracoes para A. cepa , levando a inibicao total em 50 mg/mL. Nao houve alteracao no TMG e VMG de nenhum sistema-teste. Por sua vez, o desenvolvimento inicial das radiculas de A. cepa ,foi afetado em todas as concentracoes testadas, sendo que para L. sativa , houve reducao de CRM e IVCR em 10 mg/mL. Em relacao ao extrato de E. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., foi detectada a presenca de flavonoides, esteroides, saponinas e alcaloides; o tratamento das sementes de A. cepa com esse extrato reduziu os IG e IVG nas concentracoes de 10 e 50 mg/mL, mas o IA foi significativo apenas na maior concentracao; nao houve alteracao nos TMG e VMG, mas os CRM e IVCR foram modificados a partir de 5 mg/mL. Em L. sativa , a capacidade de germinacao reduziu a partir de 5 mg/mL e os IA, IVG e VMG foram afetados a partir de 10 mg/mL; ja o desenvolvimento radicular foi reduzido a partir de 10 mg/mL. Os extratos testados exerceram alelopatia sobre os organismos-teste, comprovando ser este um dos mecanismos utilizados por estas invasoras na conquista de novos ambientes.

The objective of this study was to obtain mathematical equations through the leaf dimensions to estimate the area leaf of Cordia myxa L. 392 leaves of plants were collected, located in the municipality of Sao Mateus, North of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, 300 of which were used to adjust the equations and 92 for validation. Of all the leaves, the largest length (L) and maximum width (W) were measured, product of multiplying the length with the width (LW) and the real leaf area (RLA). Models equation first degree linear, quadratic and power were fitted, where RLA was the dependent variable as a function of L, W and LW as an independent variable. All equations were validated according to appropriate criterion. Thus, the power model ELA = 0.84(LW)0.9749, based on the product of multiplication of length with width (LW) is the most suitable for estimating the leaf area of Cordia myxa L.

The occurrence of fossil mammals in the State of Espirito Santo is rare, with only two records, both reported to sediments localized within marble quarries in the district of Itaoca, in the Municipality of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim. The first record dates from 1978, when fossils of Eremotherium and gomphotheres were collected together with other vertebrate fossils and posteriorly described. The second dates from 1983, with the description of fossils of Eremotherium in an abstract. Part of this latter finding is housed at the Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES) and represents the only fossil mammals from the State that are currently available for study. It comprises15 specimens, including cranial and post-cranial material. From these, eight can be referred to Eremotherium, one to Toxodontinae, one to Notiomastodon, and the others to large-bodied mammals. Fossils of Eremotherium and of indeterminate mammals are compatible with the presence of one giant ground sloth individual. Taphonomic and paleoichnological analyses of this supposed individual show that after death carnivores scavenged the carcass and that the bones were exposed to weathering for a relatively short time until they were transported by a hydraulic flow to a crevice, thus explaining the unusual finding of fossils in this particular outcrop.

In robusta coffee, Coffea canephora, the black twig borer Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) causes considerable damage. Although this has been reported in many crops for years in Brazil, recently, the injury caused by X. compactus in coffee has been ignored. This present study aimed to report the current status of X. compactus in Brazil, and to investigate its attack frequency in different robusta coffee genotypes. In this study, we reported the occurrence of X. compactus in robusta coffee plants in the state of Rondônia for the first time. We also evaluated the occurrence of this pest in different robusta coffee genotypes in the state of Espírito Santo. In all plants, the plagiotropic branches were attacked; however, the genotypes G2, G6, G8, G20, G48, G50, G51 and G52 showed a high number of attacked plagiotropic branches, whereas the genotypes G24 and G41 showed a low attack frequency. Thus, these can be promising candidates for pest resistance studies. Moreover, it was reported that Almeidea rubra, Alseis floribunda, Plinia grandifolia and Casearia Sylvestris can serve as hosts of X. compactus. Thus, our findings suggest that X. compactus is a threat to coffee production, and that future studies are necessary to find appropriate tools for its management.

—A new species of Dalechampia from southeastern Brazil, belonging to Dalechampia sect. Dioscoreifoliae, is described and illustrated here. Dalechampia margarethiae is a twining vine occurring exclusively in Espírito Santo state. Its pseudanthia are similar to those of D. peckoltiana and D. pentaphylla, but D. margarethiae differs in a set of important characters, including having cylindrical, down-curved style tips, staminate flowers at anthesis having unreflexed sepals with stamens born on unelongated columns, whitish floral resin, and simple, entire, cordate leaves.

Of the 173 species of Peperomia in Brazil, 108 are endemic. Two new species of Peperomia are described from the state of Espírito Santo: P. aggregata and Peperomia spiritus-sancti, the latter one also occurring in Minas Gerais. Both species show characteristics of Peperomia subg. Leptorhynchum (Dahlst.) Trel. ex Samain. Illustrations and morphological comparisons are presented. Four new synonymies are proposed.

Gonatopus mariae Martins, Lara, Perioto & Olmi, 2015, described from the state of São Paulo, is recorded for the first time in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, representing the first record of the genus and species from the state. The specimen was collected with a Malaise Dossel trap and deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil). A diagnosis and illustration of this species are presented demonstrating morphological variation of the type material. A distribution map is also provided. Gonatopus mariae is a rare species and its distribution is probably restricted to the southeastern region of Brazil.

Myrciaria (Myrtaceae) species are distributed exclusively in the New World and the genus presents its highest diversity in Brazil, particularly in the Atlantic Forest domain. Myrciaria alta, from the montane region of southeastern Brazil, is herein described, illustrated, and compared to its closest related species, Myrciaria glomerata. Moreover, data on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation are provided.

Piebaldism is a genetic pigmentation disorder, which is caused by absence of melanocytes in parts of the skin and/or hair follicles, with eyes and claws normally pigmented. The occurrence of piebaldism in natural populations is rare and the effects on fitness are still unknown. This article reports the first case of pigmentation disorders in the Fringe-lipped BatTrachops cirrhosus(Spix, 1823) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) caught in Barra do Triunfo, city of João Neiva, northeastern state of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil.

The objective of this research was to select the equation that best estimates the leaf area of the coffee tree Coffea dewevrei, from the linear dimensions of the leaves. For this purpose, 140 leaves of adult plants were collected from the Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, in the city of Linhares, North of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The length (L), the width (W), the product of the multiplication between the length and width (LW) and the leaf area observed (OLA) were determined from all leaves. For the modeling, a 100 leaves sample was used, where OLA was used as a dependent variable in function of L, W and LW as independent variable, being obtained the following models: linear first degree, quadratic and power. For the validation, a sample of 40 leaves was used, where the values of L, W LW were substituted in the equations generated in the modeling, thus obtaining the estimated leaf area (ELA). A simple linear equation model was fitted for each modeling equation relating ELA in function of OLA. The hypotheses H0: β0 = 0 versus Ha: β0 ≠ 0 and H0: β1 = 1 versus Ha: β1 ≠ 1, were tested using Student's t test at 5% probability. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and Willmott's index d for all equations were also determined. The best model that estimates the area of Coffea dewevrei was chosen through the following criteria: β0 not different from zero, β1 not different from one, MAE and RMSE values closer to zero and index d closer to the unit. The area of the leaves can be determined by its greater width (W), through the quadratic model equation ELA=-10.255+1.020(W)+1.293(W)2.