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A female calf, housed in a dairy intensive-system farm, suddenly died 25 days after birth. Routine necropsy revealed multiple variably sized white to yellowish nodules in the lungs. Histopathological diagnosis showed severe granulomatous pneumonia with acid-fast bacilli; Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and culture isolation. Congenital tuberculosis was diagnosed based on these findings. The calf probably acquired the infection from her mother through aspiration of the amniotic fluid. The aim here is to describe the morphological lesions and complementary confirmation of congenital tuberculosis in a young female calf.

Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) is a neotropical genus which is well represented in Brazil. A recent taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Mandevilla subgenus Mandevilla included eight new species, one of them from the State of Pernambuco. Nevertheless, while preparing a survey of Apocynaceae from the Brazilian semi-arid region, a new species of the subgenus was recognised. Mandevilla catimbauensis Souza-Silva, Rapini & J.F.Morales is here described and illustrated. It is a twining plant with elliptic, glabrous leaves and hypocrateriform, purple flowers, known only from the Vale do Catimbau National Park, in the State of Pernambuco.

A new species of Macoubea from Cos- ta Rica and Panama is described and illustrated. Its relationships with the two South American spe- cies of the genus are discussed. Macoubea has been considered to comprise just two primarily South American species, M. guianen- sis and M. sprucei (Allorge, 1985), with some spe- cific varieties. Nevertheless, recent work on the Apocynaceae for "The Manual to the Plants of Cos- ta Rica" and the Flora Mesoamericana demonstrate the existence of a third species, endemic to Me- soamerica, which is described here.

Stemmadenia abbreviata and S. simulans are described from Costa Rica and Panama, and Tabernaemontana leeuwenbergiana is described from Colombia. Stemmadenia Bentham is a small genus of 10 species, confined primarily to Central America, although a few species occur in northern South America (Leeuwenberg, 1994). The genus is closely allied to Tabernaemontana L., but it is readily distinguished by its corolla tube with five staminal ridges below the anthers within. The presence of one corona, composed of five epistaminal ridges, within the corolla tube in some species of Stemmadenia and Tabernaemontana is an unusual character within the tribe Tabernaemontaneae. In Stemmadenia the corona is found in most species (e.g., S. alfari (Donnell Smith) Woodson, S. donnell-smithii (Rose) Woodson, S. litoralis (Kunth) L. Allorge), while in Tabernaemontana it is rarely present (e.g., T columbiensis (L. Allorge) Leeuwenberg). Study of material included among specimens received as gifts for identification revealed an undescribed species of Tabernaemontana from Colombia. In addition, while writing an account of the genus Stemmadenia for the Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica, two new species were discovered; they are described below. Stemmadenia abbreviata J. F. Morales, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Heredia: in forest along Rio Peje, about 1 km S of La Selva (new property) S boundary, 13 Apr. 1982 (fl), Hammel 11680 (holotype, INB; isotype, DUKE). Arbuscula vel frutex 2 m alta, ramis furcatis, teretibus. Folia 5-14.5 x 1.5-6 cm, elliptica, glabra, membranacea, apice acuminata. Calycis segmenta 11-18 X 6-8 mm, tubo corollae 21-23 mm, salverformi, lobis 6-7 x 4 mm, antheris 3-4 mm. Fructus ignotus. Shrub or small tree 2 m high; branchlets terete to subterete, forked, glabrous. Leaves petiolate; petiole glabrous, 3-9 mm long; blade 5-14.5 x 1.56 cm, membranaceous, elliptic, acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire, glabrous on both sides, with 8-10 pairs of upcurved secondary veins. Inflorescence pedunculate, 3-7-flowered, somewhat agglomerate, glabrous; peduncle 3-5 mm long, with several bracts; pedicels 5-9 mm; bracts scale-like, 2-3 mm; sepals white outside, green inside, foliaceous, erect, ovate to narrowly ovate, 11-18 X 68 mm, acute, subequal, glabrous, bearing 6-7 colleters inside, entire; corolla salverform, the tube white, lobes pale yellow, with 5 narrow staminal ridges 0.5 mm wide, corona composed of five epistaminal ridges ca. 0.5 mm wide above the insertion of the stamens; tube 21-23 mm long, almost cylindrical, ca. 3 mm wide above the base, twisted around the anthers; lobes obliquely obovate, 5-7 x 4 mm, obtuse, somewhat spreading to reflexed; stamens with apex 8-9 mm below mouth of corolla tube, inserted 7-8 mm from the base; anthers narrowly oblong, 3-4 x 1 mm, apex acuminate, sagittate at the base; ovary ovoid, 2-2.5 mm, glabrous, with a disk-like, ring-shaped thickening less than 1 mm high, adnate to base; style 5-6 mm; pistil head 1 mm. Fruits unknown. Known only from the type collection, at 100-300 m. It flowers from March to May. In Costa Rica, the type collection has been referred to Stemmadenia robinsonii Woodson, but S. abbreviata is easily recognized by its narrow salverform corolla, cylindrical and straight tube, with the lobes 5-7 mm long. The specific epithet refers to the short and inconspicuous corolla lobes. Stemmadenia simulans J. F. Morales & Q. Jim~nez, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Jos&: Cant6n de Puriscal, Zona Protectora La Cangreja, Faja Costefia del Valle de Parrita, Mastatal de Puriscal, Rio Negro, 290-320 m, 3 Mar. 1994 (fl), J. F Morales, D. A. Smith & G. Smith 2414 (holotype, INB; isotypes, B, BR, C, CAS, CR, F, G, GH, INB, K, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, UPS, US, USF, W, WAG, WIS, Z). Figure 1. NovoN 9: 236-239. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.104 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 06:49:30 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 2 1999 Morales Stemmadenia and Tabernaemontana 237

Three new species of Vallesia, V sinaloensis, V spectabilis, and V vaupesana, are described. In addition, a new combination, Vallesia aurantiaca (M. Martens & Galeotti) J. F. Morales, is proposed. New synonymies are also provided. In the process of preparing the Apocynaceae treatment for the Flora Mesoamericana, the following novelties were found. Vallesia aurantiaca (M. Martens & Galeotti) J. F. Morales, comb. nov. Basionym: Neriandra (?) aurantiaca M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 356. 1844. TYPE: Mexico. Veracruz: Santiago de Huatusco, Apr. 1841 (fl), Galeotti 1591 (holotype, BR; photograph INB ex BR). Vallesia mexicana Muiller Argoviensis, Linnaea 30: 393. 1859. Syn. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Veracruz: near Orizaba, Feb. 1854, Botteri 473 (holotype, G-DC; isotype, MO; photograph INB ex G-DC). Vallesia flexuosa Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 14. 1937. Syn. nov. TYPE. Costa Rica. Alajuela: Zarcero de Alfaro Ruiz, 21 Dec. 1924 (fl), Brenes 4156 (holotype, F; isotype, CR; photograph, INB ex F). In the last monograph of Vallesia, Meyer (1955) suggested the possibility that Neriandra (?) aurantiaca M. Martens & Galeotti is synonymous with V mexicana Muiller Argoviensis, as was pointed out by Standley (1924). Examination of the type material confirmed that V mexicana must be reduced to the synonymy of V aurantiaca. In her monograph of Vallesia, Meyer (1955) recognized eight species, including two new species and two varieties. However, her thesis was never published. Therefore, these two unpublished names are validly published here. Vallesia sinaloensis E. Meyer ex J. F. Morales, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Sinaloa: Quebrada de PlItano, Sierra Monterrey, Gentry 5907 (holotype, MO; isotypes, GH, NY, UC; photograph INB ex MO). Arbor parva, ramulis maturitate fuscis. Folia elliptica vel auguste-elliptica, 7-11.5 X 2.5-3.5(-4) cm, subtus tomentulosa, apice acuminata. Inflorescentiae subumbelliformes, subterminales. Corollae tubo 8-10 mm, lobis 5 X 1.5-2 mm. Drupa 12-17 mm. Shrub 3-7 m high; branchlets tomentulose. Leaves petiolate; petiole 7-11 mm long, glabrate; blade membranaceous, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 7-11.5 x 2.5-3.5(-4) cm; acuminate at the apex, acute basally; upper surface glabrate, lower surface tomentulose; tertiary veins anastosoming beneath; stipules acute. Inflorescence subterminal, manyflowered, subumbelliform, glabrate; peduncle 6-11 mm long; pedicels 2.5-3 mm; bracts scarious and inconspicuous. Flowers: sepals broadly ovate, 11.5 x 1 mm, acuminate, glabrous; corolla salverform, inflated near the orifice, yellowish, glabrous without; tube 8-10 mm long; lobes very narrowly elliptic, 5 x 1.5-2 mm, obtuse to somewhat acute; stamens sessile or subsessile, inserted near the orifice of the tube; anthers narrowly ovate, ca. 2 mm long, apiculate; ovary 1-1.5 mm; style head cylindric, ca. 1 mm, bifid. Fruits obovate, 12-17 mm long; seeds unknown. This species occurs in northwestern Mexico, in the state of Sinaloa, where it grows at elevations of 900-1000 m. Vallesia sinaloensis could be confused with V spectabilis but is easily distinguished by its tomentulose leaves beneath and smaller flowers. Vallesia spectabilis E. Meyer ex J. F. Morales, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. San Sebastian, Mexia 1915 (holotype, MO; isotypes, F, GH, NY, UC, US; photograph INB ex F). Arbor parva, ramulis maturitate glabris. Folia elliptica vel auguste-elliptica, 10-15 x 3-4.5 cm, glabra, apice acuminata. Inflorescentiae subumbelliformes, subterminales vel terminales. Corollae tubo 11-13 mm, lobis 4-5 X 2 mm. Drupa 13-17 mm. Shrub 4-7 m high; branchlets glabrous. Leaves petiolate; petiole 7-10 mm long, glabrous; blade firmly membranaceous, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 10-15 x 3-4.5 cm; acuminate at the apex, obtuse NovoN 8: 263-264. 1998. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.172 on Tue, 23 Aug 2016 06:04:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Tintinnabularia gratissima from Mexico is described and illustrated. In addition, a brief synopsis of the genus is given. El g~nero Tintinnabularia, descrito por Woodson (1936), se caracteriza por las hojas glandulares en el haz en la base del nervio central, los 16bulos foliiceos del c~iliz, la presencia de domacios en las axilas de los nervios secundarios y la corola con la parte superior cilfndrica a casi campanulada, transversalmente pentagonal. En el neotr6pico se encuentra relacionado con Allomarkgrafia, del que se puede separar fAcilmente por los 16bulos foli4ceos del cAliz y la presencia de domacios en las axilas de los nervios secundarios. Adems, Tintinnabularia se encuentra tinicamente en Guatemala y el sur de Mexico, en contraposici6n de Allomarkgrafia, distribuido desde el sur de Nicaragua hasta la amazonfa del Peril. Los especfmenes de Tintinnabularia son escazos y pobremente representados en herbarios. Colecciones recientes han demostrado la presencia de otra especie presente en el sur de Mexico, la cual se describe como nueva en el presente trabajo. En adici6n, se conocen y describen los frutos por primera vez para el g6nero. Una clave para las especies y una sinopsis de la sistemtica de ambas se expone a continuaci6n. CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE TINTINNABULARIA la. L6bulos de la corola inconspicuamente puberulentos por ambas caras, 1-1.1 cm; anteras 6-7 mm, filamentos 1-2 mm; 1iminas usualmente 48 cm de ancho .. gratissima lb. L6bulos de la corola densamente tomentulosos en el interior, glabros en el exterior, 4-7 mm; anteras 12-13 mm, filamentos 2.2-3.1 cm; l~ninas usualmente 1.5-3.5 cm de ancho ......... .. mortonii Tintinnabularia gratissima J. F. Morales, sp. nov. TIPO. Mexico. Veracruz: El Cerro de Villa Rica, cerca de Mundo Nuevo, 19048'N, 96046'W, 1600 m, 7 Mayo 1981 (fl), G. Castillo, G. Cortez & J. Becerra 1835 (hol6tipo, INB; is6tipo, F; foto, INB ex F). Figura 1. Liana volubilis foliis laminis ellipticis vel ovatis, 7.516 cm longis 3-8 cm latis membranaceis glabris supra costa basi conspicue glanduliferis subtus axillis costae et venarum secondariarum irregulariter foveolatis petiolis 1.3-2 cm longis inflorescentiis 4-5 flores gerentibus sepalis foliaceis 0.7-1 cm longis corollae lobis 1-1.1 cm longis inconspicue puberulis antheris 6-7 mm longis ovario 1-1.5 mm longo nectariis circiter 2 mm longis folliculis moniliformibus 37-39 cm longis glabris seminibus 0.91.2 cm longis coma circiter 2.5 cm longa. Liana, tallo terete o subterete, ramitas tiemas aplanadas ntes de cada nudo, glabras o glabradas, lenti elas escazas o ausentes. lAminas 7.5-16 X (3)4-8 cm, elfpticas, ovadas a angostamente-elfpticas, caudado-acuminadas o largamente acuminadas en el Apice, obtusas en la base, glabras, membran,ceas, 2-3 glhndulas en la base adaxial, enteras o irregularmente dentadas, nervio central visible en ambas caras, venaci6n secundaria apenas visible en la haz, conspicua en el env6s, broquid6droma, venaci6n terciaria conspicuamente reticulada, domacios pr entes o ausentes en las axilas de los nervios secundarios en el env6s, peciolo 1.3-2 cm, glandular en las axilas. Inflorescencias cymas umbeliformes, terminales y pendulosas, 4-5 flores, pedtnculo 7 cm, pedicelos 1.6-2.8 cm, glabros, bracteolas escariosas, inconspicuas; s6palos 0.7-1 cm, muy angostame te elfpticos, foliceos, glabros y no imbricados, 2 gl,4ndulas en la base interior; corola infundibuliforme, parte basal 4-5 x 2-3 mm, glabro, parte superior 1.9-2.1 x 0.9-1 cm, casi campanulada, glabra, 16bulos 1-1.1 cm x 6-7 mm, ovados, inconspicuamente puberulentos en ambas caras; estambres insertos en la base de la corola, filamentos 12 mm, pubescentes, anteras 6-7 mm, truncadas, ,pice pubescente, acuminado y filiforme, conniventes y aglutinadas a la cabeza del pistilo, gineceo 1-1.5 mm, glabro, pistilo 8-9 mm, nectarios ca. 2 mm, separados, obtusos y enteros. Folfculos 37-39 cm X 2-3 mm, algo monoliformes, lisos; semillas 0.9-1.2 cm, con surcos longitudinales, coma ca. 2.5 cm

A new species of Mollinedia from Costa Rica, M. macrophylla J. F. Morales & Q. Jim~nez, is described and illustrated. Mollinedia Rufz & Pav6n (subfamily Mollinedioideae) is a dioecious genus of ca. 90 species of shrubs and small trees restricted to moist and wet forest of the Neotropics. It was monographed by Perkins (1900), and the most recent taxonomic revision was the thesis of Piexoto (1987). While revising collections of Mollinedia Rufz & Pav6n in preparation for the Manual de las Plantas de Costa Rica, a different species with larger leaves not corresponding to any previously described taxon was found in the Braulio Carrillo National Park. We conclude it represents a new species, and we describe it here. Mollinedia macrophylla J. F. Morales & Q. Jim6nez, sp. nov. TYPE. Costa Rica. Lim6n: Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, bosque primario en el sendero Las Palmas, estaci6n Quebrada Gonzalez, 19057'10"N, 84008'50"W, 500 m, 18 mayo 1993 (fl), Morales et al. 1500 (holotype, INB; isotypes, CR, F, K, MO, NY). Figure 1. Species foliis grandissimis, 28-42 x 21-28.5 cm, a congeneribus diversa. Dioecious shrub 2-5 m tall, sometimes somewhat scandent, the branchlets puberulent, smooth or scarcely striate. Leaves 28-42 x 2128.5 cm, ovate to elliptic, membranaceous, glabrous above, very sparsely puberulent below, the margin serrulate, short acuminate to acute at the apex, obtuse to rounded basally, the venation impressed above, prominent, puberulent and conspicuous below; petioles 2-3 cm X 4-5 mm, rugose, puberulent. Staminate inflorescences 1-6 in the leaf axils, in 2-3-flowered cymes, 3-6 cm long, puberulent, cream hairs, peduncles 0.3-1.5 cm long, pedicels 2-7 mm long, bracts ca. 2 mm long, ovate, acute, scarious. Flowers 0.9-1.1 cm diam. at anthesis, campanulate, puberulent; tepals 4, the outer pair 4-5 mm long, 5-6 mm broad, obtuse, the inner pair slightly smaller, with an apical laciniate appendage; stamens ca. 150, 2-3 mm long, the anthers hippocrepiform, sessile or subsessile. Carpellate inflorescence 25-flowered, in the axil of the leaf, puberulent, peduncles 2-7 mm long, pedicels 0.8-2.3 cm long, bracts ca. 2 mm long, ovate, acute, scarious; flowers 7-8 mm diam., turbinate, tepals 23 mm long, caducous, the carpels ca. 1 mm long, 31-40, cylindrical, puberulent, style ca. 0.5 mm long, clavate. Fruiting receptacle 1.7-2.1 cm broad, discoid, reflexed, sparsely puberulent on both surfaces; fruiting carpels 1.4-1.7 x 0.9-1.1 cm, ellipsoid, 2-5 (7), carnose, glabrous, the seed slightly smaller, 1.3-1.5 cm long, mottled with purple, glabrous. Mollinedia macrophylla is known only from the tropical rainforest of the northeastern slopes of the Cordillera Volc~inica Central, in the Braulio Carrillo National Park, near Horquetas of Sarapiquf, at elevations of 300-650 m. Flowering from May to June. Mollinedia macrophylla differs from all the previously known species of Mollinedia in Mesoamerica by its very large leaves. It is somewhat related to Mollinedia butleriana Standley from Honduras, but M. macrophylla differs from that species by its larger leaves, sparser pubescence, and larger fruiting carpels. Most of the species in the genus have smaller leaves (Piexoto, 1987; Perkins, 1900). Paratype. COSTA RICA. Heredia: Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Sendero Las Palmas, 16 May 1993, Rivera s.n. (CR, F, INB, MO). Acknowledgments. We are grateful to Nelson Zamora (INB) and Barry Hammel (MO) for review of the manuscript, Jorge G6mez-Laurito (USJ) for assistance with the Latin diagnosis, and Silvia Troyo for the illustration. NovoN 6: 395-397. 1996. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.176 on Sat, 09 Apr 2016 06:38:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Prestonia folsomii is described from Colombia and Panama. A new combination, Pres- tonia longifolia (Sessi & Mocino) J. F. Morales, is proposed, and two new synonyms of Prestonia por- tobellensis are given.

Pitcairnia calcicola is described as a narrow endemic of the low limestone hills in the tropical dry forest of central Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. It belongs to Pitcairnia subg. Pitcair- nia, and appears to be most closely related to P. flagellaris L. B. Smith of Guatemala.