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Generic delimitation in Tillandsioideae has been widely discussed over the last past decades, being frequent changes in generic level. Despite the numerous changes at the generic and infrageneric levels in Tillandsioideae there is not yet a study bringing together the history of systematic of the tillandsioid genera. Given the conservation significance and scientific importance of species of the subfamily, it is time revise the generic status of Tillandsioideae. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to provide an updated phylogenetic and systematic history for the genera of Tillandsioideae. We review the fragmentary literature on the phylogeny, classification and taxonomy of Tillandsioideae, and provide an update of these data.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. Instituto de Ciências da Natureza Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Escola de Ciências da Vida, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16 Departamento de Botânica Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas Instituto de Florestas Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07 Centro de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de. Botânica Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430 Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC) Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Doutor Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente Prefeitura Municipal de Olaria, Meio Ambiente, Praça 1° de Março 13, Centro Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IF-Baiano), Campus Itaberaba, Av. Rio Branco, 1003, Centro Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140 Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) CCAAB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710 Instituto de Biociências Cidade Universitária Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Departamento Biociências (DBCI) Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus Universitário Prof. Alberto Carvalho,Av. Vereador Olímpio Grande, S/N - Bloco D, Centro Floresce Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Dr. Alexandre Gutierrez, 332 Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Ciências Naturais Departamento de Ciências Naturais UESB Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Estrada do Bem-Querer km 4, s.n., Bairro Universitário Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo Núcleo de Pesquisas Orquidário do Estado, Avenida Miguel Stefano Faculdade de Engenharia Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Caixa Postal 594, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária Departamento de Genética Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312 JB Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Joaquim Firmino, 1318 Departamento de Ciências Florestais Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA) PPG-Botânica, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111 Departamento de Ciências Florestais Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias 11 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 285 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 277 Instituto de Biociências Herbário CGMS Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Avenida Costa e Silva s/n Instituto de Ecología Regional (UNT-CONICET), Casilla de Correo, 34, Yerba Buena Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Rodovia Washington Luís Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Km 335 - SP 310, 13565-905/C.P 676 Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIFASF) NEMA, Brazil 407, Km 12, lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, s/n Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C. P. 6109 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão Laboratory of Palynostratigraphy and Paleobotany CICyTTP (CONICET-Entre Ríos-UADER), Dr. Matteri y España Diamante Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Ministério do Planejamento Desenvolvimentos e Gestão Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco K, Sala 352 Departamento de Biologia Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus de Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Cidade Universitária Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus, Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16 Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28013602 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, s/n, Boa Vista Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Ornitologia Departamento de Zoologia Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado (Embrapa Clima Temperado), Rodovia BR-392, Km 78, 9° Distrito, Postal Code 403 Instituto de Humanidades Artes e Ciências and Herbário Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau - CEPEC Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), Campus Jorge Amado, Km 29 Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, CP. 07 Departamento de Zootecnia e Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Independência, n° 3751 Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA/SR22 - Alagoas Setor de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais, Rua do Imperador, N° 105 Centro Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Botânica - Avenida Antônio Carlos, Pampulha Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, 13.418-900 Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Centro Universitario Regional del Este Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó y Bvar Departamento de Ciências e Matemática (DCM) Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente, 625, Canindé Centro de Ciências Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus do PICI, Bloco 906 Reservas Votorantim, Rua Amauri, 255, 12° andar Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 3, 64st Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Morro do Cruzeiro Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo Núcleo de Pesquisas Curadoria do Herbário, Avenida Miguel Stefano Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43433 Conselho Superior de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Avenida Paulista, 900, 1°. Andar – Herbário, UNIP - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade - Bela Vista, 01310100 Laboratorio de Planificación Territorial Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales Facultad de Recursos Naturales Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 02950 Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia – ECZ Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), AC/Cidade Universitária. Trindade. CEP 88.040-970 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (INPA), Rua Horizontina, 104, Centro Woods Hole Research Center, 149, Woods Hole Road Embrapa Cerrados/Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET-RJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 30, Bairro Belo Horizonte Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Campus de São Miguel do Oeste, Rua Oiapoc, 211, Bairro Agostini São Miguel do Oeste Facultad de Ciencias Iguá y Mataojo Universidad de la República Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Rod. ES-080, Km 93, São João de Petrópolis Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Caixa Postal 3037 Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, s/n, Sala 05, MIP - Córrego Grande Faculdades Integradas do Vale do Ribeira Laboratório de Biologia Rua Oscar Yoshiaki Magário União das Instituições de Serviços Ensino e Pesquisa Ltda (UNISEP), 185, Jardim das Palmeiras Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - Rua João Rosa Góes Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), 1761 Reserva Natural Vale, Rodovia Brazil 101 Norte, Interior Divisão de Florestas e Estações Experimentais Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, Seção de Bauru, Av. Rodrigues Alves, 38-25, Horto Florestal Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Avenida Transnordestina s.n. División Plantas Vasculares CONICET Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470 Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Ciências Biológicas Instituto Tecnológico Vale Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Avenida Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199 Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N

Aim The main goals were to assess the distributional concordance among taxa of the xeric clade of Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae) to establish biogeographical units (i.e. endemic areas), and to use the results to identify conservation priorities. Location Geographical data were analysed between parallels −1° and −47° S and meridians 35°6′ and 80°1′ W, which includes the Andean region, the Chacoan subregion and the South American Transition Zone, and three global hotspots (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Tropical Andes). Methods Two methods were employed, parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and endemicity analysis (EA), to search for the biogeographical congruence between endemic areas for 220 species. Two grid cell sizes (2° and 3°) and three criteria were employed to delimit the areas of endemism. Results The results of the PAE demonstrated eight candidate areas of endemism when applying a grid cell size of 2° and six areas of endemism with 3°. The EA optimization method, using a grid size of 2°, recovered six (consensus 75%) and four (consensus 5%) areas, and a size of 3° recovered eight (consensus 75%) and three (consensus 5%) areas. Based on consistent results of the three combined criteria and the congruence of areas of endemism, we delimited three biogeographical areas of endemism for the clade in the Chacoan subregion of South America. The following areas in Brazil were delimited: (1) south-eastern Minas Gerais, (2) north-eastern Minas Gerais, and (3) north-eastern Goias. Main conclusions Endemic species with congruent occurrence patterns were identified to propose primary biogeographical homologies and to highlight areas that should be prioritized for conservation of species in the xeric clade of Pitcairnioideae. Furthermore, we suggest that evolutionary and historical processes (adaptive radiation; glacial and interglacial period in the Quaternary), as well as ecological factors, could have induced the high diversification rates for this clade in South America.

Despite the importance of nitrogen for plant performance, few studies have addressed the nitrogen assimilation and amino acid metabolism of Neotropical trees. This study analyzed the nitrogen use strategies of tree species native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with different degrees of shade tolerance: Heliocarpus popayanensis (a shade-intolerant species), Cariniana estrellensis (a shade-tolerant canopy species) and Eugenia brasiliensis (a shade-tolerant understory species). We analyzed the growth and nitrogen uptake, assimilation and translocation of seedlings cultivated hydroponically with nitrate (NO3−) or ammonium (NH4+). 15N incorporation into amino acids was monitored after incubation with 15NO3− or 15NH4+. H. popayanensis showed a preference for NO3−, characterized by high NO3− uptake rates and intense NO3− assimilation occurring primarily in the leaves. E. brasiliensis assimilated NO3− primarily in the roots and showed a preference for NH4+ uptake. The canopy species C. estrellensis assimilated NO3− predominantly in the leaves and absorbed NO3− and NH4+ at similar rates. Both shade-tolerant species were highly tolerant to NH4+ and showed glutamine and compounds related to nitrogen remobilization as important nitrogen carriers in their xylem sap. In contrast, H. popayanensis seedlings had their growth reduced by NH4+ and showed asparagine as the major amino acid translocated in the xylem sap. Variations in root and leaf amino acid metabolism among the species were also observed. The canopy species has nitrogen use strategies intermediate to shade-intolerant and understory species. The different responses might be related to adaptations to the different light conditions of their habitats, since high light intensities could favor the use of NO3−.

The genera Deuterocohnia, Dyckia, and Encholirium are recognized as the xeric clade Pitcairnioideae. More than 220 xeric species of this group occur in South America in the Andean region, the Chacoan subregion, and the South American Transition Zone. The species recently and rapidly diversified, and such phylogenetic relationships are difficult. This clade is well-supported in phylogenetic analyses, but despite the monophyly of this group of xeric species, the analyses have demonstrated the paraphyly or polyphyly of genera in the xeric clade. However, most of these studies suffer with partial resolution, limited taxon sampling or incorrect homology statements. To investigate this group, we conducted the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the xeric clade to date using parsimony criteria with morphological and molecular datasets, including plastid and nuclear genomes concatenated for the first time, to establish a suitable classification. A total of 133 accessions were included that corresponded to 109 taxa. The dataset included 70 morphological characters and ∼6 kb of sequence data from the plastid and nuclear genomes. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using equal and implied weighting. The analysis resulted in a well-supported cladistic hypothesis and demonstrated the three genera as currently circumscribed are not supported as monophyletic. Based on the results we propose a new classification that reflects the evolutionary relationships, a new circumscription for Dyckia is proposed that includes the species belonging to Deuterocohnia and Encholirium. For this circumscription, 41 combinations were made for Dyckia.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-01 Seasonal variation of temperature could place physiological constraints on the distribution and performance of tropical forest plants, associated with light and water availability. A simple way to assess the relationship between temperature and plant physiology is through the characterization of leaf traits. The main aim of this study was to evaluate, through foliar parameters, the responses of plants to inherent seasonality. A 0.09 ha plot was installed near the flux tower and albedo sensors at Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest (MODF) - Santa Virginia Nucleus. At the peak of the dry and wet seasons, the electron transport rate (ETR) and photosynthetic pigments were measured. The results indicated that in MODF, cold and light availability are the main factors that could be influencing the physiology of species, demonstrated by high ETR in the wet season (197.4 mu mol e-m(-2)s(-1)) compared to the dry season (87.4 mu mol e-m(-2)s(-1)). Photosynthetic pigments varied between seasons, we observed higher chlorophyll b content (p

The taxonomic delimitation of Vriesea is challenging because several diagnostic traits of the genus are shared with other genera in Tillandsioideae. The genus has no unique morphological features that distinguish it from other taxa. Earlier phylogenetic studies suggested a polyphyletic status of this genus, but taxon sampling was limited, and tests of congruence for morphological characters have not yet been performed. Here we used a total evidence approach and a more comprehensive Brazilian taxon sampling to help circumscribe Vriesea s.s. (the lineage that contains the type species). We concatenated morphological and molecular datasets for the first time to reconstruct phylogenetic hypotheses. We used 99 morphological characters and ~4 kb of plastid data (psbA-trnH, trnK5′-rps16, matK, trnL-trnF) for 172 terminals, including nine genera of Tillandsioideae. We analysed datasets by parsimony analyses, with several weighting schemes considered for character-state changes (equal weights and an implied weighting scheme that we used as a sensitivity analysis). The concatenated data resulted in a well-resolved phylogenetic inference that provided strong evidence that the genus is not monophyletic as traditionally circumscribed. Given the congruence between morphological, molecular and geographical sources of data, we separated Vriesea into distinct lineages, and proposed a new circumscription that includes only species of Vriesea s.s. found in the Chacoan and Parana subregions.

The genus Vriesea Lindl. comprises about 290 species distributed into two sections: V. sect. Vriesea and V. sect. Xiphion. The genus is recognized as polyphyletic and is historically associated with Tillandsia L., differing from it mainly due to the presence of petal appendages. Here we focus our efforts on the Vriesea taxa in its main center of diversity in southeastern Brazil that are considered to constitute a monophyletic group based on molecular analyses as well as a total evidence approach. We present a morphological description of the species from the Brazilian lineage, and the taxonomic history of the genus. We based our results on extensive bibliographic research and morphological analyses of herbarium material and living specimens, as well as illustrations of the main taxonomic characteristics of the Brazilian lineage of the genus.

Vriesea is the second-largest genus of Bromeliaceae, with more than 280 species. Although the genus is traditionally circumscribed as a natural group, all phylogenetic analysis undertaken indicates its polyphyletic origin. Several groups of Vriesea species are difficult to define taxonomically based on morphological characters only, including the Vriesea corcovadensis group, composed of 11 species. We evaluated the monophyly and relationships among the species of the V. corcovadensis group through a maximum parsimony morphological analysis. The data set contains information about all 11 species placed in this group; in addition, species from six related genera of Tillandsioideae were included, for a total of 23 terminal taxa. Two separate analyses were carried out, the first containing 54 characters (42 from external morphology and 12 from leaf anatomy), and the second containing only characters from external morphology. The purpose of this distinction was to evaluate the phylogenetic signal of t...

The Vriesea corcovadensis (section Vriesea) group consists of 11 species occurring exclusively in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This group is defined by the presence of polystichous and distichous flowers, utriculiform rosettes, presence of stolons, and linear-triangular leaf blades with a maximum width of 1.5 cm. We present a taxonomic revision based on observation of herbarium material and living specimens. We provide the geographical distribution, etymology, phenology, and morphological illustrations of the species, in addition to new and detailed taxonomic descriptions and a key for their identification. We describe V. microrachis and V. rubens and a neotype for V. rectifolia is designated. The circumscription of V. triangularis remains doubtful until additional material is available for study.

Vriesea, with about 280 species distributed in two sections, Vriesea and Xiphion, is recognized as polyphyletic. We provide the cladistic analysis based on morphological data, with emphasis on species from eastern Brazil, its main center of diversity, which emerged as a monophyletic group in previous molecular and combined analysis. The data matrix contained information of 60 species of Vriesea, and two of Alcantarea, for a total of 62 terminal taxa and 66 characters. The analysis produced one tree with 652 steps. The classic infrage- neric division of the sections was not corroborated. Characters traditionally used to separate the two sections supported clades containing species from both sections. Morphologically related monophyletic groups were recognized. Some characters have been highlighted as potentially important in the circumscription of small groups of species and have not yet been much used in the systematics of Vriesea.