1,583 results on '"Lila"'
Search Results
2. Tumor lineage-specific immune response in brain metastatic disease
- Author
-
Shiva Najjary, Johan M. Kros, Willem de Koning, Disha Vadgama, Karishma Lila, Janina Wolf, Dana A. M. Mustafa, Pathology, and Pulmonary Medicine
- Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,610 Medicine & health ,Neurology (clinical) ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Metastases in the brain are the most severe and devastating complication of cancer. The incidence of brain metastasis is increasing. Therefore, the need of finding specific druggable targets for brain metastasis is demanding. The aim of this study was to compare the brain (immune) response to brain metastases of the most common tumor lineages, viz., lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Targeted gene expression profiles of 11 brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were compared to 11 brain metastasis of breast cancer (BCBM) using NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel. The most promising results were validated spatially using the novel GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) Technology. Additionally, Immune cell profiles and expression of drug targets were validated by multiplex immunohistochemistry. We found a more active immune response in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In the BM-LUAD, 138 genes were upregulated as compared to BCBM (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, in BCBM 28 genes were upregulated (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, genes related to CD45 + cells, T cells, and cytotoxic T cells showed to be expressed higher in BM-LUAD compared to BCBM (adj. p = 0.01, adj. p = 0.023, adj. p = 0.023, respectively). The spatial quantification of the immune cells using the GeoMx DSP technique revealed the significantly higher quantification of CD14 and CD163 in tumor regions of BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. Importantly, the immune checkpoint VISTA and IDO1 were identified as highly expressed in the BM-LUAD. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed the finding and showed that VISTA is expressed mainly in BM-LUAD tumor cells, CD3 + cells, and to fewer levels in some microglial cells in BM-LUAD. This is the first report on differences in the brain immune response between metastatic tumors of different lineages. We found a far more extensive infiltration of immune cells in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In addition, we found higher expression of VISTA and IDO1 in BM-LUAD. Taken together, targeted immune therapy should be considered to treat patients with BM-LUAD.
- Published
- 2023
3. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- Author
-
James S. Santangelo, Rob W. Ness, Beata Cohan, Connor R. Fitzpatrick, Simon G. Innes, Sophie Koch, Lindsay S. Miles, Samreen Munim, Pedro R. Peres-Neto, Cindy Prashad, Alex T. Tong, Windsor E. Aguirre, Philips O. Akinwole, Marina Alberti, Jackie Álvarez, Jill T. Anderson, Joseph J. Anderson, Yoshino Ando, Nigel R. Andrew, Fabio Angeoletto, Daniel N. Anstett, Julia Anstett, Felipe Aoki-Gonçalves, A. Z. Andis Arietta, Mary T. K. Arroyo, Emily J. Austen, Fernanda Baena-Díaz, Cory A. Barker, Howard A. Baylis, Julia M. Beliz, Alfonso Benitez-Mora, David Bickford, Gabriela Biedebach, Gwylim S. Blackburn, Mannfred M. A. Boehm, Stephen P. Bonser, Dries Bonte, Jesse R. Bragger, Cristina Branquinho, Kristien I. Brans, Jorge C. Bresciano, Peta D. Brom, Anna Bucharova, Briana Burt, James F. Cahill, Katelyn D. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Carlen, Diego Carmona, Maria Clara Castellanos, Giada Centenaro, Izan Chalen, Jaime A. Chaves, Mariana Chávez-Pesqueira, Xiao-Yong Chen, Angela M. Chilton, Kristina M. Chomiak, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Ibrahim K. Cisse, Aimée T. Classen, Mattheau S. Comerford, Camila Cordoba Fradinger, Hannah Corney, Andrew J. Crawford, Kerri M. Crawford, Maxime Dahirel, Santiago David, Robert De Haan, Nicholas J. Deacon, Clare Dean, Ek del-Val, Eleftherios K. Deligiannis, Derek Denney, Margarete A. Dettlaff, Michelle F. DiLeo, Yuan-Yuan Ding, Moisés E. Domínguez-López, Davide M. Dominoni, Savannah L. Draud, Karen Dyson, Jacintha Ellers, Carlos I. Espinosa, Liliana Essi, Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran, Jéssica C. F. Falcão, Hayden T. Fargo, Mark D. E. Fellowes, Raina M. Fitzpatrick, Leah E. Flaherty, Pádraic J. Flood, María F. Flores, Juan Fornoni, Amy G. Foster, Christopher J. Frost, Tracy L. Fuentes, Justin R. Fulkerson, Edeline Gagnon, Frauke Garbsch, Colin J. Garroway, Aleeza C. Gerstein, Mischa M. Giasson, E. Binney Girdler, Spyros Gkelis, William Godsoe, Anneke M. Golemiec, Mireille Golemiec, César González-Lagos, Amanda J. Gorton, Kiyoko M. Gotanda, Gustaf Granath, Stephan Greiner, Joanna S. Griffiths, Filipa Grilo, Pedro E. Gundel, Benjamin Hamilton, Joyce M. Hardin, Tianhua He, Stephen B. Heard, André F. Henriques, Melissa Hernández-Poveda, Molly C. Hetherington-Rauth, Sarah J. Hill, Dieter F. Hochuli, Kathryn A. Hodgins, Glen R. Hood, Gareth R. Hopkins, Katherine A. Hovanes, Ava R. Howard, Sierra C. Hubbard, Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña, Carlos Iñiguez-Armijos, Paola Jara-Arancio, Benjamin J. M. Jarrett, Manon Jeannot, Vania Jiménez-Lobato, Mae Johnson, Oscar Johnson, Philip P. Johnson, Reagan Johnson, Matthew P. Josephson, Meen Chel Jung, Michael G. Just, Aapo Kahilainen, Otto S. Kailing, Eunice Kariñho-Betancourt, Regina Karousou, Lauren A. Kirn, Anna Kirschbaum, Anna-Liisa Laine, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Christian Lampei, Carlos Lara, Erica L. Larson, Adrián Lázaro-Lobo, Jennifer H. Le, Deleon S. Leandro, Christopher Lee, Yunting Lei, Carolina A. León, Manuel E. Lequerica Tamara, Danica C. Levesque, Wan-Jin Liao, Megan Ljubotina, Hannah Locke, Martin T. Lockett, Tiffany C. Longo, Jeremy T. Lundholm, Thomas MacGillavry, Christopher R. Mackin, Alex R. Mahmoud, Isaac A. Manju, Janine Mariën, D. Nayeli Martínez, Marina Martínez-Bartolomé, Emily K. Meineke, Wendy Mendoza-Arroyo, Thomas J. S. Merritt, Lila Elizabeth L. Merritt, Giuditta Migiani, Emily S. Minor, Nora Mitchell, Mitra Mohammadi Bazargani, Angela T. Moles, Julia D. Monk, Christopher M. Moore, Paula A. Morales-Morales, Brook T. Moyers, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Jason Munshi-South, Shannon M. Murphy, Maureen M. Murúa, Melisa Neila, Ourania Nikolaidis, Iva Njunjić, Peter Nosko, Juan Núñez-Farfán, Takayuki Ohgushi, Kenneth M. Olsen, Øystein H. Opedal, Cristina Ornelas, Amy L. Parachnowitsch, Aaron S. Paratore, Angela M. Parody-Merino, Juraj Paule, Octávio S. Paulo, João Carlos Pena, Vera W. Pfeiffer, Pedro Pinho, Anthony Piot, Ilga M. Porth, Nicholas Poulos, Adriana Puentes, Jiao Qu, Estela Quintero-Vallejo, Steve M. Raciti, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers, Krista M. Raveala, Diana J. Rennison, Milton C. Ribeiro, Jonathan L. Richardson, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Benjamin J. Rivera, Adam B. Roddy, Erika Rodriguez-Muñoz, José Raúl Román, Laura S. Rossi, Jennifer K. Rowntree, Travis J. Ryan, Santiago Salinas, Nathan J. Sanders, Luis Y. Santiago-Rosario, Amy M. Savage, J.F. Scheepens, Menno Schilthuizen, Adam C. Schneider, Tiffany Scholier, Jared L. Scott, Summer A. Shaheed, Richard P. Shefferson, Caralee A. Shepard, Jacqui A. Shykoff, Georgianna Silveira, Alexis D. Smith, Lizet Solis-Gabriel, Antonella Soro, Katie V. Spellman, Kaitlin Stack Whitney, Indra Starke-Ottich, Jörg G. Stephan, Jessica D. Stephens, Justyna Szulc, Marta Szulkin, Ayco J. M. Tack, Ítalo Tamburrino, Tayler D. Tate, Emmanuel Tergemina, Panagiotis Theodorou, Ken A. Thompson, Caragh G. Threlfall, Robin M. Tinghitella, Lilibeth Toledo-Chelala, Xin Tong, Léa Uroy, Shunsuke Utsumi, Martijn L. Vandegehuchte, Acer VanWallendael, Paula M. Vidal, Susana M. Wadgymar, Ai-Ying Wang, Nian Wang, Montana L. Warbrick, Kenneth D. Whitney, Miriam Wiesmeier, J. Tristian Wiles, Jianqiang Wu, Zoe A. Xirocostas, Zhaogui Yan, Jiahe Yao, Jeremy B. Yoder, Owen Yoshida, Jingxiong Zhang, Zhigang Zhao, Carly D. Ziter, Matthew P. Zuellig, Rebecca A. Zufall, Juan E. Zurita, Sharon E. Zytynska, Marc T. J. Johnson, Ecological Science, Animal Ecology, Biology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ON, University of North Carolina, LA, QC, DePaul University, IN, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, University of Georgia, Uppsala University, Hokkaido University, NSW, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT, University of British Columbia, A. C., CT, Universidad de Chile, Mount Allison University, Instituto de Ecología A. C., University of Cambridge, FL, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Ghent University, West Long Branch, Lisboa, KU Leuven, Massey University, University of Cape Town, University of Münster, AB, University of Sussex, Stockholm University, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, East China Normal University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation, MI, TX, Facultad de Agronomía, NS, Université de Rennes, IA, MN, Manchester Metropolitan University, UNAM, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Helsinki, University of Glasgow, Hendrix College, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), University of Tehran, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, AZ, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Potsdam-Golm, University of Alaska Anchorage, Tropical Diversity, Université de Moncton, MB, University of New Brunswick, Lincoln University, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Brock University, ICB - University of Talca, Curtin University, Murdoch University, Western Oregon University, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Lund University, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero -CONACYT, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, U.S. Army ERDC-CERL, Tübingen, University of Zurich, Urban Wildlife Institute, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, CO, MS, Rutgers University-Camden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, NM, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), ME, Universidad de Antioquia, MA, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Mayor, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Kyoto University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), WI, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad CES, Hofstra University, Nord University, VA, University of Almería, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leiden University, Jyväskylä, KY, University of Tokyo, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Warsaw, Davidson College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Technical University of Munich, Lanzhou University, University of Bern, University of Liverpool, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, University of Toronto at Mississauga, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Louisiana, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Huazhong Agricultural University [Wuhan] (HZAU), California State University [Northridge] (CSUN), Saint Mary's University [Halifax], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Concordia University [Montreal], University of Houston, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), and The Global Urban Evolution project was primarily funded by an NSERC DiscoveryGrant, Canada Research Chair and NSERC Steacie Fellowship to M.T.J.J.. J.S.S. receivedfunding from an NSERC CGS and C.R.F. is funded by an NSERC PDF. P.R.P.-N., R.W.N. andJ.C.C. were supported by NSERC Discovery grants. M.A. was funded by NSF RCN DEB-1840663. F.A. received funding from CAPES. MTKA was funded by CONICYT PIA APOYOCCTE AFB170008. J.R.B, T.C.L., and S.A.S were supported by Monmouth University Sch. ofSci. SRP. E.G. was funded by D. Biologie, Université de Moncton. C.G.-L. received fundingfrom the Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), and ANID PIA/BASALFB0002. S.G. was funded by the Max Planck Society. P.J.-A. was funded by ANID PIA/BASALFB210006. I.N. and M.S. were supported by Leiden Municipality. K.M.O. was funded by USNSF awards IOS-1557770 and DEB-1601641. J.C.P. thanks FAPESP process 2018/00107-3, andM.C.R. thanks CNPq and FAPESP.
- Subjects
sopeutuminen ,Rural Population ,valkoapila ,Multidisciplinary ,Urbanization ,evoluutio ,kasvillisuus ,Genes, Plant ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Biological Evolution ,SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ,evoluutioekologia ,Hydrogen Cyanide ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Trifolium ,kaupungistuminen ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Cities ,ympäristönmuutokset ,Ecosystem ,Genome, Plant - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-18 Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale. Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga ON Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga ON Department of Biology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Department of Biology University of Louisiana LA Department of Biology Queen's University ON Department of Biology Concordia University QC Department of Biological Sciences DePaul University Department of Biology DePauw University IN Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ Department of Genetics University of Georgia Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Natural History Museum Zoology University of New England NSW Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT campus de Rondonópolis Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Graduate Program in Genome Sciences and Technology Genome Sciences Centre University of British Columbia Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of British Columbia Red de Biología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología A. C. School of the Environment Yale University CT Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad Universidad de Chile Department of Biology Mount Allison University Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología A. C. Department of Biology University of Ottawa ON Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Department of Biology University of Miami FL Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS) Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt Université Laval QC Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney NSW Department of Biology Ghent University Department of Biology Monmouth University West Long Branch Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Department of Biology KU Leuven School of Agriculture and Environment Wildlife and Ecology group Massey University, Palmerston North Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta AB Louis Calder Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University iBIOTROP Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical Universidad San Francisco de Quito Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán AC, Mérida, Yucatán, México School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney NSW Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan MI Department of Biosciences Rice University TX IFEVA Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Agronomía, CONICET Biology Department Saint Mary's University NS Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston TX Université de Rennes Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Department of Environmental Studies Dordt University Sioux Center IA Department of Biology Minneapolis Community and Technical College MN Department of Natural Sciences Ecology and Environment Research Centre Manchester Metropolitan University Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad UNAM Department of Botany School of Biology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Department of Biology Hendrix College Department of Ecological Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Department of Plant Sciences School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran NTNU University Museum Norwegian University of Science and Technology Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados Instituto de Ecología A. C. School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berkshire, UK Department of Biology Northern Arizona University AZ Department of Biological Sciences MacEwan University AB Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm BIO5 Institute University of Arizona AZ Alaska Center for Conservation Science University of Alaska Anchorage Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh Département de biologie Université de Moncton Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba MB Departments of Microbiology & Statistics University of Manitoba MB Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Department of Biology Kalamazoo College MI BioProtection Research Centre Lincoln University Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Department of Ecology Evolution Behaviour University of Minnesota MN Department of Biological Sciences Brock University Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA ICB - University of Talca School of Molecular and Life Science Curtin University College of Science Health Engineering and Education Murdoch University, Murdoch School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Biological Sciences Wayne State University MI Department of Biology Western Oregon University, OR School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona AZ Departamento de Ecología Humana, Cinvestav Mérida Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Department of Biology Lund University Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Escuela Superiro de Desarrollo Sustentable Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero -CONACYT Clarkson Secondary School Peel District School Board ON Homelands Sr. Public School Peel District School Board ON Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, St. James Catholic Global Learning Centre Department of Biosciences University of Calgary AB Ecological Processes Branch U.S. Army ERDC-CERL Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia UNAM Institute of Evolution and Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse Urban Wildlife Institute Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo Departamento de Ecología Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver CO Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University MS Department of Biology Center for Computational & Integrative Biology Rutgers University-Camden Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Laurentian University ON Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Department of Biology University of New Mexico NM Department of Biology University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire Agriculture Institute Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) Department of Biology Colby College ME Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Boston MA Agricultural Biology Colorado State University CO Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología Facultad de Biología Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios Centro GEMA- Genómica Universidad Mayor Evolutionary Ecology Group Naturalis Biodiversity Center Department of Biology and Chemistry Nipissing University ON, North Bay Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison WI Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnologia Universidad CES Department of Biology Hofstra University Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture Nord University, Bodø Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Biology University of Richmond VA Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Environment Florida International University FL Agronomy Department University of Almería Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Urban Ecology and Sustainability Butler University IN Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University LA Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Department of Biology University of Louisville KY Organization for Programs on Environmental Science University of Tokyo CNRS AgroParisTech Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA General Zoology Institute for Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Science, Technology and Society Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA SLU Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Biology Westfield State University MA Centre of New Technologies University of Warsaw Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Plant Biology Department Michigan State University MI Biology Department Davidson College College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/ Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information Huazhong Agricultural University School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Department of Evolution Ecology and Behaviour University of Liverpool Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP
- Published
- 2022
4. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of 2-amino-4- aryl-6-substituted pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives
- Author
-
Shadeed Gad, Mohamed Omran, Kareem M. Younes, El-Sayed Khafagy, Amr S. Abu Lila, Mahmoud S. Soliman, Marwa H. Abdallah, and Tamer M. Shehata
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Molecular model ,Aryl ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Active site ,Condensation reaction ,Combinatorial chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Pyridine ,biology.protein ,Pharmacology (medical) ,5-Fluorouracil, Anticancer activity, Cyclin dependent kinase 2, Molecular docking, One-pot multicomponent reaction, Pyridine scaffold ,Cytotoxicity - Abstract
Purpose: To synthesize novel pyridine derivatives and evaluate their efficiency as potent inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) enzyme for cancer therapy.Methods: Pyridine scaffold were synthesized using one-pot multicomponent condensation reaction of arylidine with different primary amines. The cytotoxic potential of the new compounds was assessed using various cell lines. Furthermore, molecular docking studies based on the crystal structure of CDK2 was carried out to determine the possible binding modes that influence the anticancer activities.Results: The results indicate that one-pot multicomponent reaction generated a series of functionalized pyridines with good yield. In vitro cytotoxicity study revealed superior cytotoxicity of the designed compounds against prostate and cervical cancer cell lines compared to 5-fluorouracil (standard anticancer compound) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.1 – 0.85 and 1.2 –74.1 μM, respectively. Finally, molecular modeling simulation of the newly synthesized compounds showed that they fit well and are stabilized into CDK2 active site via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.Conclusion: The results indicate that the newly synthesized pyridine can exert potent anticancer activity presumably via inhibition of CDK2. However, this will need to be confirmed in in vivo studies.
- Published
- 2021
5. Octreotide-LAR is a Useful Alternative for the Management of Diazoxide-Responsive Congenital Hyperinsulinism
- Author
-
Tushar Bandgar, Sneha Arya, Manjiri Pramod Karlekar, Vijaya Sarathi, Nalini S. Shah, Anurag R. Lila, Sarah E. Flanagan, and Virendra Patil
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,India ,Octreotide ,Disease ,Hypoglycemia ,Sulfonylurea Receptors ,Biochemistry ,ABCC8 ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Intellectual disability ,Diazoxide ,medicine ,Humans ,biology ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Congenital hyperinsulinism ,biology.protein ,Congenital Hyperinsulinism ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The data on the congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) in Asian Indian patients is limited. Diazoxide is often unavailable in India, which poses challenge in managing CHI. The study was aimed to present our experience with CHI with a special focus on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of octreotide long-acting release (OCT-LAR) among diazoxide-responsive CHI. The data of 14 index cases with CHI registered at our center were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis of CHI was based on elevated serum insulin (3.4–32.5 μIU/ml) and C-peptide (0.58–1.98 ng/ml) at the time of symptomatic hypoglycemia (BG≤41 mg/dl). Fourteen patients (13 males) presented at a median (range) age of 3 (1–270) days, seizures being the most common mode of presentation (78.6%). Ten patients were diazoxide-responsive, two were partially responsive, while two were unresponsive. Genetics was available for eight patients; ABCC8 (n=3, 1 novel) and HADH (n=2, both novel) were the most commonly mutated genes. OCT-LAR was offered to eight patients including four with diazoxide-responsive disease and was universally effective. We propose a cost-effective approach to use OCT-LAR in the management of CHI, which may also make it more cost-effective than diazoxide for diazoxide-responsive disease. Five of the 11 (45.5%) patients had evidence of neurological impairment; notably, two patients with HADH mutations had intellectual disability despite diazoxide-responsiveness. We report three novel mutations in CHI-associated genes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of and propose a cost-effective approach to use OCT-LAR in diazoxide-responsive CHI. Mutations in HADH may be associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes despite diazoxide-responsiveness.
- Published
- 2021
6. Extra criterial antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (preliminary data)
- Author
-
T. M. Reshetnyak, A. M. Lila, M. V. Cherkasova, and F. A. Cheldieva
- Subjects
biology ,business.industry ,antibodies to cardiolipin ,Immunology ,antiphospholipid antibodies ,antibodies to domain 1 of β2-glycoprotein 1 ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,surgical procedures, operative ,systemic lupus erythematosus ,Rheumatology ,Antiphospholipid syndrome ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,In patient ,Antibody ,business ,human activities ,antiphospholipid syndrome ,antibodies to β2-glycoprotein 1 - Abstract
The role of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), which are not included in the classification criteria, in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) andsystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not well understood.Objective: to determine the frequency of detection of IgG antibodies to domain 1 of β2-glycoprotein 1 (IgG-aβ2GP1-D1), IgA antibodiesto cardiolipin (aCL) and IgA antibodies to β2-glycoprotein 1 (IgA-a β2GP1) in patients with primary APS and APS in combination withSLE.Patients and methods. The study included 63 patients in whom IgG/IgM-aCL and IgG/IgM-aβ2GP1 were detected by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IgG/IgM/IgA-aCL, IgG/IgM/IgA-aβ2GP1 and IgG-aβ2GP1-D1 by chemiluminescence analysis (CLA).Results and discussion. The detection rate of IgG-aβ2GP1-D1 was 76%, IgA-aCL – 56%, IgA-aβ2GP1 – 48%. Isolated positivity for IgA-aCL,IgA-aβ2GP1, IgG-aβ2GP1-D1 was not observed. The presence of IgA-aCL, IgA-aβ2GP1, IgG-aβ2GP1-D1 was associated with high positivity forIgG/IgM-aCL and IgG/IgM-aβ2GP1. There was a statistically significant relationship between IgA-aCL/IgA-aβ2GP1 and the standard aPLprofile, as well as IgG-aβ2GP1-D1, IgG-aCL and IgG-aβ2GP1.Conclusion. A high detection rate of IgG-aβ2GP1-D1, IgA-aCL, IgA-aβ2GP1 was found in patients with APS. A statistically significant relationshipwas found between IgA-aCL/IgA-aβ2GP1 and the standard aPL profile, as well as IgG-aβ2GP1-D1 with IgG-aCL and IgG-aβ2GP1.
- Published
- 2021
7. Protective Role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probiotic in Reversing Cocaine-Induced Oxidative Stress, Glial Activation and Locomotion in Mice
- Author
-
Annadurai Thangaraj, Shilpa Buch, Lila Gordon, Ernest T. Chivero, Shannon Callen, Natasha Ferguson, Grace B. Evah-Nzoughe, Seema Singh, and Susmita Sil
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,biology ,Microglia ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Gut–brain axis ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Inflammation ,Gut flora ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Systemic inflammation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lactobacillus rhamnosus ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroinflammation ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Cocaine abuse is known to cause inflammation, oxidative injury and alterations in the gut microbiota. Although emerging studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota in modulating neurological complications and behavior, the mechanism(s) underlying these processes remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic on cocaine-induced oxidative stress, glial activation, and locomotion in mice. In this study, groups of male C56BL6 mice were administered gut-resident commensal bacteria L. rhamnosus probiotic (oral gavage) concurrently with cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 28 days and assessed for oxidative stress and cellular activation in both the gut and brain as well as alterations in locomotion behavior. Cocaine-induced gut dysregulation was associated with increased formation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts, increased expression of pERK-1/2, pNF-kB-p65 and antioxidant mediators (SOD1, GPx1). In cocaine administered mice, there was increased activation of both microglia and astrocytes in the striatum and cortex of the brain as shown by enhanced expression of CD11b and GFAP, respectively. Cocaine administration also resulted in increased locomotor activity in the open field test in these mice. Administration of L. rhamnosus attenuated cocaine-induced gut oxidative stress and inflammation as well as glial activation and locomotion. These results suggest the potential of microbial-based interventions to attenuate cocaine-mediated behavioral responses and neuroinflammation, in addition to systemic inflammation and oxidative damage.
- Published
- 2021
8. [Some scientific highlights: A selection by the students of the Master Biology-Health of Montpellier University]
- Author
-
Damien, Avinens, Guilhem, Cantaloube, Annemarie, Fortuin, Joëlle, Hornebeck, Paul, Jégou, Lila, Marchal, Laura, Pinceloup-Sosa, Justine, Revel, Louis, Sarrazin, Benjamin, Sauthon, and Jéremy, Vincent
- Subjects
Universities ,Humans ,Students ,Biology - Abstract
L’actualité scientifique vue par les étudiants du Master Biologie Santé de l’université de Montpellier.L’unité d’enseignement « Immunopathologie » qui propose les brèves présentées dans ce numéro est suivie par des étudiants de divers parcours du Master Biologie Santé de l’université de Montpellier. Ce Master rassemble des étudiants issus du domaine des sciences et technologies et de celui de la santé. On y étudie les bases physiopathologiques des maladies immunologiques, les cibles thérapeutiques et les mécanismes d’échappement des microorganismes et des tumeurs. Les articles présentés ici ont été choisis par les étudiants selon leur domaine de prédilection.
- Published
- 2022
9. Systematically higher Ki67 scores on core biopsy samples compared to corresponding resection specimen in breast cancer: a multi-operator and multi-institutional study
- Author
-
Balazs Acs, Samuel C.Y. Leung, Kelley M. Kidwell, Indu Arun, Renaldas Augulis, Sunil S. Badve, Yalai Bai, Anita L. Bane, John M.S. Bartlett, Jane Bayani, Gilbert Bigras, Annika Blank, Henk Buikema, Martin C. Chang, Robin L. Dietz, Andrew Dodson, Susan Fineberg, Cornelia M. Focke, Dongxia Gao, Allen M. Gown, Carolina Gutierrez, Johan Hartman, Zuzana Kos, Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm, Arvydas Laurinavicius, Richard M. Levenson, Rustin Mahboubi-Ardakani, Mauro G. Mastropasqua, Sharon Nofech-Mozes, C. Kent Osborne, Frédérique M. Penault-Llorca, Tammy Piper, Mary Anne Quintayo, Tilman T. Rau, Stefan Reinhard, Stephanie Robertson, Roberto Salgado, Tomoharu Sugie, Bert van der Vegt, Giuseppe Viale, Lila A. Zabaglo, Daniel F. Hayes, Mitch Dowsett, Torsten O. Nielsen, David L. Rimm, Lisa M. McShane, Torsten Nielsen, Samuel Leung, Signe Borgquist, Angela Chan, Carsten Denkert, Anna Ehinger, Matthew Ellis, Margaret Flowers, Chad Galderisi, Abhi Gholap, Douglas J. Hartman, Judith C. Hugh, Anagha Jadhav, Elizabeth N. Kornaga, Hans Kreipe, Richard Levenson, Mauro Mastropasqua, Takuya Moriya, Hongchao Pan, Liron Pantanowitz, Ernesta Paola Neri, Mei-Yin Polley, Jason Ruan, Takashi Sakatani, Lois Shepherd, Ian Smith, Joseph Sparano, Melanie Spears, Malini Srinivasan, Jane Starczynski, Austin Todd, Shakeel Virk, Yihong Wang, Hua Yang, Zhiwei Zhang, Inti Zlobec, Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne (Departement d'Oncologie), St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Laboratorio de Dianas Terapeuticas, Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), UNICANCER, University of Washington [Seattle], Universitätsklinikum Tübingen - University Hospital of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Direction de la recherche clinique [Gustave Roussy], Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center [Miami, FL, USA] (S3C), and Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE)
- Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Biopsy ,Image Processing ,DIGITAL-IMAGE-ANALYSIS ,MULTICENTER ,Medical and Health Sciences ,MESH: Biopsy ,Computer-Assisted ,REPRODUCIBILITY ,NEEDLE BIOPSIES ,Receptors ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Pathology ,MESH: Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,610 Medicine & health ,Cancer ,Tumor ,PROLIFERATION ,MESH: Receptor, trkA ,KI-67 LABELING INDEX ,MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Immunohistochemistry ,INTERNATIONAL KI67 ,Receptors, Estrogen ,TRK fusion ,RELIABILITY ,MESH: Receptors, Estrogen ,Female ,MESH: Biomarkers, Tumor ,NTRK gene fusions ,MESH: Ki-67 Antigen ,International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group of the Breast International Group and North American Breast Cancer Group ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Breast Neoplasms ,Settore MED/08 - Anatomia Patologica ,Non-interventional study ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Clinical Research ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Ki-67 Antigen ,Breast Cancer ,BIOMARKER ASSESSMENT ,Larotrectinib ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Immunohistochemistry ,Estrogen ,MESH: Pyrimidines ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,MESH: Female ,MESH: Pyrazoles ,MESH: Breast Neoplasms ,Biomarkers - Abstract
International audience; Abstract Ki67 has potential clinical importance in breast cancer but has yet to see broad acceptance due to inter-laboratory variability. Here we tested an open source and calibrated automated digital image analysis (DIA) platform to: (i) investigate the comparability of Ki67 measurement across corresponding core biopsy and resection specimen cases, and (ii) assess section to section differences in Ki67 scoring. Two sets of 60 previously stained slides containing 30 core-cut biopsy and 30 corresponding resection specimens from 30 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients were sent to 17 participating labs for automated assessment of average Ki67 expression. The blocks were centrally cut and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained for Ki67 (MIB-1 antibody). The QuPath platform was used to evaluate tumoral Ki67 expression. Calibration of the DIA method was performed as in published studies. A guideline for building an automated Ki67 scoring algorithm was sent to participating labs. Very high correlation and no systematic error ( p = 0.08) was found between consecutive Ki67 IHC sections. Ki67 scores were higher for core biopsy slides compared to paired whole sections from resections ( p ≤ 0.001; median difference: 5.31%). The systematic discrepancy between core biopsy and corresponding whole sections was likely due to pre-analytical factors (tissue handling, fixation). Therefore, Ki67 IHC should be tested on core biopsy samples to best reflect the biological status of the tumor.; v2.5, 25 March 2021.
- Published
- 2022
10. Study of antiphospholipid antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and chemiluminescent methods in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (preliminary data)
- Author
-
A. M. Lila, F. A. Cheldieva, T. M. Reshetnyak, and M. V. Cherkasova
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Lupus anticoagulant ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Autoantibody ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Serology ,law.invention ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Antiphospholipid syndrome ,law ,Immunoassay ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Antibody ,business ,Chemiluminescence - Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are a family of different autoantibodies that lead to recurrent vascular thrombosis of any localization and caliber, and/or obstetric pathology - fetal loss. Serological markers of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) include only three types of aPL - lupus anticoagulant (VA), antibodies to cardiolipin (aCL) classes IgG and IgM, antibodies to β2-glycoprotein1 (aβ2GP1) classes IgG and IgM. Medium and high levels of aCL and aß2HP1 (IgG and / or IgM) were selected as serological markers of APS in the 2006 classification criteria. However, the threshold of values used from low to moderately high levels has not been standardized. aPL standardization issues are still unresolved, resulting in heterogeneous results of the ongoing studies. The aim of the study was to assess the comparability IgG/IgM-aCL and IgG/IgM-ab2GP1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescent analysis in patients with APS with and without (systemic lupus erythematosus) SLE. The study included 70 patients (49 women and 21 men) with APS, of which 21 (30%) were with primary APS (pAPS) and 49 (70%) with APS in combination with SLE. All study participants underwent determination of IgG/IgM-aCL and IgG/IgM-aβ2GP1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent. A study was performed by the chemiluminescent analysis: IgG/IgM-aCL - in 70 patients; IgG/IgM-aβ2GP1 - in 69 patients. Results. According to preliminary data, the determination of IgG-aCL and IgG-aβ2GP1 by the chemiluminescent analysis is informative in assessing positivity according to the manufacturer, compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent (p < 0.05). However, when taking into account the levels of antibody positivity determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent, the level of positive values according to chemiluminescent analysis was much higher than the performance of the manufacturer.
- Published
- 2021
11. Genetic Variability of NS5B Region of Hepatitis C Virus in Togo
- Author
-
Folly Anyovi, Lila Poiteau, Alexandre Soulier, Reham Soliman, Simplice Karou, Gamal Shiha, Jacques Simpore, and Stéphane Chevaliez
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Hepatitis C virus ,medicine ,Genetic variability ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,NS5B ,Virology - Published
- 2021
12. Difficulties in management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome in combination with melanoma and infiltrative tuberculosis (clinical observations)
- Author
-
A. A. Shumilova, T. M. Reshetnyak, F. A. Cheldieva, and A. M. Lila
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Immunology ,Malignancy ,Rheumatology ,systemic lupus erythematosus ,Antiphospholipid syndrome ,immune system diseases ,clinical observations ,melanoma ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Cause of death ,Kidney ,biology ,business.industry ,Melanoma ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cohort ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,antiphospholipid syndrome ,pulmonary tuberculosis - Abstract
We present two clinical cases: the first patient had combination of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and melanoma, and the second – systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and APS, melanoma, infiltrative tuberculosis and Herpes zoster. Managing patients with SLE combined with APS is really challenging. Infections and malignant neoplasms, along with kidney damage and cardiovascular diseases, are a significant cause of death in this cohort of patients. The role of antibodies to phospholipids in the onset of malignancy is still under discussion. The combination of rheumatic diseases with oncological or infectious pathology complicates therapy, limiting the use of drugs, recommended by clinical guidelines.
- Published
- 2021
13. Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of the Seeds Oil of Two Cucurbita Species From Bejaia (Algeria): Comparative Study
- Author
-
N. Adjeroud, Fatiha Brahmi, L. Boucetta, Lila Boulekbache, Khodir Madani, L. Benali, W. Belkhiri, and S. Mindjou
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Antioxidant ,biology ,Chemistry ,030503 health policy & services ,medicine.medical_treatment ,biology.organism_classification ,Waste product ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cucurbita pepo ,Horticulture ,0302 clinical medicine ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Cucurbita moschata ,medicine ,Oil quality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cucurbita ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
Cucurbita species are delicious, nutritious, and delightful products. Cucurbita seeds remain in large quantities as a waste product that could be valorized since they are excellent sources of oil. The aim of this study was to compare the seed oil of two Cucurbita species (Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata) harvested in Bejaia (Algeria). The oil quality was evaluated by the determination of some physicochemical parameters, and the content of phenolic compounds. The antiradical capacity of the antioxidants present in the oils was also assessed using two methods. The oil yield was 42.85% and 40.47% from the seeds of Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata, respectively. The determined physicochemical parameters were close to those defined by the international standards. The phenolic contents of the methanolic extracts of both oils were 5.53 and 4.45 mg GAE/100 g for Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo, respectively. The best anti-DPPH power was attributed to the oil of Cucurbita moschata (44.7%), while the methanolic extract of the seed oil of Cucurbita pepo showed the highest percentage (41.02%) of the ABTS•+ radical inhibition. By this study we confirmed that the Cucurbita seeds oil are highly nutritious and offer some medicinal benefits.
- Published
- 2021
14. Profile of immunological markers in skin biopsies from patients with probable and confirmed systemic lupus erythematosus
- Author
-
Viktoria A. Lila and Vadim I. Mazurov
- Subjects
030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Immune deposits ,Intact skin ,Immunofluorescence ,Disease activity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,immune system diseases ,Biopsy ,Skin biopsy ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Lupus band test ,Antibody ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of immunoreactants deposited in intact skin biopsies from the patients with confirmed and probable systemic lupus erythematosus. The study involved 94 patients who, along with a standard clinical and laboratory examination, underwent a biopsy of clinically healthy skin in the deltoid muscle area (lupus band test). The nature and combination of immune deposits in the skin, the strength of immunofluorescence, and the location were evaluated. In the patients with significant systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 56), lupus band test was positive in 60.7 % of the cases and correlated with disease activity according to SLEDAI 2K (p = 0.001). At the same time, the skin biopsy often revealed the immunoreactant IgM (85.3 %), the degree of fluorescence of which had direct correlations with the increased level of antibodies to dsDNA (p 0.05). In the examined patients with probable systemic lupus erythematosus, positive lupus band test was detected in 47 % of cases, and IgM was detected in 72.2% of patients, which brought them closer to the group of patients with confirmed systemic lupus erythematosus. However, 33.3% of patients with probable systemic lupus erythematosus had isolated deposits of any one immunoreactant, while the association of immunoreactants (IgM+IgG) and (IgM+IgG+C3) characteristic of confirmed systemic lupus erythematosus occurred in only 27.7 and 5.5% of cases, respectively. It should be noted that the C1q immunoreactant was detected in the skin biopsies with both confirmed (38.2%) and probable systemic lupus erythematosus (39%). The data obtained suggest that lupus band test with the presence of a specific pattern of immunoreactants can be used as an additional diagnostic test for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Published
- 2021
15. Evolución de la producción del maíz en Veracruz, México
- Author
-
Zarahemla Ramírez-Hernández, José Osorio-Antonia, and Lila Margarita Bada-Carbajal
- Subjects
Agronomy ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Production (economics) ,050211 marketing ,050202 agricultural economics & policy ,Biology - Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la evolución productiva del maíz en el estado de Veracruz, México 2014-2019 mediante mapas productivos. Para el análisis se utilizó Sistema de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP) y los mapas geo referenciados; empleando el software QGIS. El tipo de investigación es descriptiva-explicativa y método deductivo. Los resultados indican una concentración geográfica de la producción de maíz en el sur del estado: San Andrés Tuxta, las Choapas y Minatitlán con la excepción del municipio de Papantla, ubicado en el norte. La producción revela una alta variabilidad y dependencia de factores hidro-meteorológicos, afectación productiva por sequias atípicas. Los hallazgos muestran un enfoque en la producción de maíz blanco al autoconsumo como una externalidad del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) y una fuerte orientación a la demanda interna pues México tiene la tasa per cápita más alta del mundo. Entre las limitaciones se encuentra la variación en el área a nivel satelital tomada con Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para los metadatos del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG).
- Published
- 2021
16. Anti-PEG IgM production and accelerated blood clearance phenomenon after the administration of PEGylated exosomes in mice
- Author
-
Yoshino Kawaguchi, Taro Shimizu, Amr S. Abu Lila, Sherif E. Emam, Yu Ishima, Haruka Takata, Nehal E. Elsadek, Hidenori Ando, and Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Subjects
Ovalbumin ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Pharmacology ,Exosomes ,Exosome ,Extracellular vesicles ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,In vivo ,PEG ratio ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microvesicles ,Immunoglobulin M ,Liposomes ,PEGylation ,biology.protein ,Blood clearance ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Recently, there is an increasing interest in exosomes or extracellular vesicles as potential candidates for delivering RNAs, proteins, genes, and anticancer agents. Engineering of exosome properties is rapidly evolving as a means of expanding exosome applications. PEGylation of exosomes is a technique used to improve their in vivo stability, circulation half-lives, and sometimes to allow the binding targeting ligands to the exosome exterior. According to FDA guidelines for the development of PEGylated proteins, immunological responses to PEGylated molecules and particles should be examined. In this study, we prepared PEGylated exosomes and investigated the production of anti-PEG IgM antibodies after single i.v. injections in mice. In addition, we monitored blood concentrations and tumor accumulation of a second dose of PEGylated exosomes administered after the initial dose. Single injections of PEGylated exosomes in mice induced anti-PEG IgM production in a T cell-dependent manner. The anti-PEG IgM production decreased when the injection dose of PEGylated exosomes was further increased. Anti-PEG IgM induced by injection of PEGylated exosomes decreased blood concentrations of a second dose of PEGylated exosomes and suppressed their tumor accumulation in a C26 murine colorectal cancer model. Initial injection doses of either PEGylated liposomes or PEGylated ovalbumin (PEG-OVA), both of them induced anti-PEG IgM production, also decreased the blood concentration of PEGylated exosomes. Interestingly, anti-PEG IgM induced by injection of PEGylated exosomes did not affect the blood concentration of PEG-OVA. These results imply the importance of monitoring anti-PEG IgM when repeat PEGylated exosome doses are required and/or when PEGylated exosomes are used together with other PEGylated therapeutics.
- Published
- 2021
17. Further Insights Into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): The Current Status of Seroprevalence Among Small Ruminants in Two Selected States of Peninsular Malaysia
- Author
-
Nur Azhar Amira, Nurul Najwa Burhannuddin, Kamarulrizal Mat Isa, K.R. Bhutto, Idris Umar Hambali, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Mohammad Naji Odhah, Mohd Jefri Norsidin, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila, Azlan Che' Amat, Hamza Abdirahman Hashi, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Abd Wahid Haron, Bura Thlama Paul, Yusuf Abba, and Arsalan Maqbool
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Serological evidence ,Seroprevalence ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,medicine ,Faktor Penyumbang ,Seroconversion ,Udder ,Bebiri ,Caprine arthritis encephalitis ,Semenanjung Malaysia ,Sheep ,Peninsular Malaysia ,Genus Lentivirus ,Goats ,CAEV ,General Medicine ,Kadar Kelaziman Serologi ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Herd ,Kambing ,Agricultural economy ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Contributing Factors - Abstract
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to standard procedures. Our results of the study revealed 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8-28.6) apparent and 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5-27.8) true seroprevalence with significant differences (Virus Kaprin Artritis Ensefalitis (CAEV) merupakan ahli kumpulan dalam genus virus lentivirus dimana akan menyebabkan penyakit kaprin artritis ensefalitis (CAE) di mana penyakit ini akan menyebabkan keradangan kronik pada paru-paru, sendi, kelenjar mamari dan sistem saraf pusat bagi haiwan ruminan kecil seperti bebiri dan kambing. CAE telah merebak ke seluruh dunia dan penyakit ini akan menyebabkan penularan wabak pada kadar morbiditi yang tinggi dan mengurangkan kuantiti penghasilan susu bagi kambing tenusu. Kajian terdahulu memberi penekanan kepada dapatan klinikal patologi dan data bukti serologi kewujudan penyakit CAE dalam kalangan gerompok kambing di Malaysia. Maka, kajian kini bertujuan memberikan pendedahan awal berkaitan kadar kelaziman serologi dan faktor yang menyumbang penyakit CAE dalam kalangan bebiri dan kambing bagi dua negeri di Semanjung Malaysia. Sampel darah dan data biologi telah dikumpulkan secara rawak dengan jumlah sampel 262 ekor (40 ekor bebiri dan 222 ekor kambing) daripada tujuh buah ladang peternak kecil. Serum yang telah dikumpul diuji dengan antibodi spesifik anti-CAEV dengan menggunakan prosedur piawai kit elisa daripada Qayee-Bio CAEV. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan kadar kelaziman serologi 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8–28.6) jelas dan 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5–27.8) kadar kelaziman benar dengan perbezaan ketara (
- Published
- 2021
18. Molecular Aspects concerning the Use of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain as a Target for Preventive Vaccines
- Author
-
Yury Valdés-Balbín, Fabrizio Chiodo, Lila Castellanos-Serra, Françoise Paquet, Belinda Sánchez Ramírez, Yanet Climent, Sonsire Fernández, Laura Rodriguez, Kalet León, Vicente Verez-Bencomo, Daniel G. Rivera, Guang-Wu Chen, Darielys Santana-Mederos, Raine Garrido, Dagmar García-Rivera, Tays Hernández, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Molecular cell biology and Immunology, and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Biology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Epitope ,Neutralization ,Virus ,law.invention ,Immune system ,Antigen ,law ,Neutralizing antibody ,QD1-999 ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Virology ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Recombinant DNA ,biology.protein ,Glycoprotein ,Outlook - Abstract
The development of recombinant COVID-19 vaccines has resulted from scientific progress made at an unprecedented speed during 2020. The recombinant spike glycoprotein monomer, its trimer, and its recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) induce a potent anti-RBD neutralizing antibody response in animals. In COVID-19 convalescent sera, there is a good correlation between the antibody response and potent neutralization. In this review, we summarize with a critical view the molecular aspects associated with the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 RBD with its receptor in human cells, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the epitopes involved in the neutralizing activity, and the impact of virus mutations thereof. Recent trends in RBD-based vaccines are analyzed, providing detailed insights into the role of antigen display and multivalence in the immune response of vaccines under development., SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies are crucial for neutralizing efficacy. Emerging mutations, the quality of the IgG response, and the benefit of multivalent display are analyzed here for RBD subunit vaccines.
- Published
- 2021
19. Field assessment of dog as sentinel animal for plague in endemic foci of Madagascar
- Author
-
Maherisoa Ratsitorahina, Lila Rahalison, Sandra Telfer, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, and Suzanne Chanteau
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bacterial Zoonoses ,Endemic Diseases ,Prevalence ,Zoology ,Plague (disease) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Disease Outbreaks ,Serology ,Dogs ,Epidemiology ,Madagascar ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Dog Diseases ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Seroconversion ,Plague ,biology ,05 social sciences ,Outbreak ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Canis ,Yersinia pestis ,Sentinel Species ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Sentinel Surveillance - Abstract
The epidemiology of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, involves vectors and reservoirs in its transmission cycle. The passive plague surveillance in Madagascar targets mainly rodent and fleas. However, carnivores are routinely surveyed as sentinels of local plague activity in some countries. The aim of this study is to assess the use of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) as sentinel animal for field surveillance of plague in a highly endemic area in Madagascar. Cross-sectional surveys of plague antibody prevalence in C. familiaris were conducted in endemic areas with contrasting histories of plague cases in humans, as well as a plague free area. Rodent capture was done in parallel to evaluate evidence for Y. pestis circulation in the primary reservoirs. In 2 sites, dogs were later re-sampled to examine evidence of seroconversion and antibody persistence. Biological samplings were performed between March 2008 and February 2009. Plague antibody detection was assessed using anti-F1 ELISA. Our study showed a significant difference in dog prevalence rates between plague-endemic and plague-free areas, with no seropositive dogs detected in the plague free area. No correlation was found between rodents and dog prevalence rates, with an absence of seropositive rodents in some area where plague circulation was indicated by seropositive dogs. This is consistent with high mortality rates in rodents following infection. Re-sampling dogs identified individuals seropositive on both occasions, indicating high rates of re-exposure and/or persistence of plague antibodies for at least 9 months. Seroconversion or seropositive juvenile dogs indicated recent local plague circulation. In Madagascar, dog surveillance for plague antibody could be useful to identify plague circulation in new areas or quiescent areas within endemic zones. Within active endemic areas, monitoring of dog populations for seroconversion (negative to positive) or seropositive juvenile dogs could be useful for identifying areas at greatest risk of human outbreaks.
- Published
- 2021
20. Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals an independent genetic basis for joint divergence in leaf function, life‐history, and floral traits between scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) populations
- Author
-
Christopher D. Muir, Thomas C. Nelson, Amy L. Angert, Angela M. Stathos, Lila Fishman, Kayli Anderson, and Daniel D. Vanderpool
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecological selection ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Mimulus ,Flowers ,Plant Science ,Quantitative trait locus ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Pleiotropy ,Genetics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Natural selection ,biology ,fungi ,Chromosome Mapping ,food and beverages ,Selfing ,biology.organism_classification ,Plant Leaves ,Phenotype ,Evolutionary biology ,Trait ,Adaptation ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Premise Across taxa, vegetative and floral traits that vary along a fast-slow life-history axis are often correlated with leaf functional traits arrayed along the leaf economics spectrum, suggesting a constrained set of adaptive trait combinations. Such broad-scale convergence may arise from genetic constraints imposed by pleiotropy (or tight linkage) within species, or from natural selection alone. Understanding the genetic basis of trait syndromes and their components is key to distinguishing these alternatives and predicting evolution in novel environments. Methods We used a line-cross approach and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to characterize the genetic basis of twenty leaf functional/physiological, life history, and floral traits in hybrids between annualized and perennial populations of scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis). Results We mapped both single and multi-trait QTLs for life history, leaf function and reproductive traits, but found no evidence of genetic co-ordination across categories. A major QTL for three leaf functional traits (thickness, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal resistance) suggests that a simple shift in leaf anatomy may be key to adaptation to seasonally dry habitats. Conclusions Our results suggest that the co-ordination of resource-acquisitive leaf physiological traits with a fast life-history and more selfing mating system results from environmental selection rather than functional or genetic constraint. Independent assortment of distinct trait modules, as well as a simple genetic basis to leaf physiological traits associated with drought escape, may facilitate adaptation to changing climates.
- Published
- 2021
21. Gut microbiota diversity after autologous fecal microbiota transfer in acute myeloid leukemia patients
- Author
-
Xavier Thomas, Lilia Boucinha, Christian Recher, Anne-Sophie Michallet, Sophie Ducastelle-Lepretre, Mauricette Michallet, Stéphanie Nguyen, Clément Rocher, Pierre Peterlin, Etienne Paubelle, Florent Malard, Suzanne Tavitian, Colombe Saillard, Marie-Virginie Larcher, Sarah Bertoli, Evelyne D'incan-Corda, Ollivier Legrand, Patrice Chevallier, Emilie Plantamura, Joël Doré, Anne Vekhoff, Simona Lapusan, Jerome Rey, Lila Gilis, Mohamad Mohty, Cyrielle Gasc, Françoise Isnard, Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service d'Hématologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), MaaT Pharma [Lyon], MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 788191,Homo.symbiosus, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Antibiotics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Gut flora ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,fluids and secretions ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Prospective Studies ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Myeloid leukemia ,Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ,Middle Aged ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,3. Good health ,Leukemia ,Treatment Outcome ,Leukemia, Myeloid ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Acute Disease ,Female ,Adult ,medicine.drug_class ,Science ,Population ,Transplantation, Autologous ,digestive system ,Article ,Phase II trials ,Acute myeloid leukaemia ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Induction chemotherapy ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Transplantation ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunology ,Dysbiosis ,business - Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) intensive chemotherapy combined with broad-spectrum antibiotics, leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis promoting pathological conditions and an increased incidence of complications. Here we report findings from a phase II single-arm, multicenter study evaluating autologous fecal microbiota transfer (AFMT) in 25 AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy and antibiotics (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02928523). The co-primary outcomes of the study are to evaluate the efficacy of AFMT in dysbiosis correction and multidrug-resistant bacteria eradication. The main secondary outcomes are to define a dysbiosis biosignature, to evaluate the effect of dysbiosis correction on patient clinical status, to assess the short and mid-term safety of AFMT in this immunocompromised population, and to evaluate the feasibility of the AFMT procedure and acceptability by the patient. Intensive induction chemotherapy induces a dramatic decrease of α-diversity indices, and a microbial dysbiosis with a significant shift of the microbial communities and domination of pro-inflammatory families. After AFMT treatment, α-diversity indices return to their initial mean levels and the similarity index shows the restoration of microbial communities. The trial meets pre-specified endpoints. AFMT appears to be safe and may be effective for gut microbiota restoration in AML patients receiving intensive chemotherapy and antibiotics, with an excellent gut microbiota reconstruction based on both richness and diversity indices at the species level., The combination of chemotherapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics induces gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) leading to additional complications. Here, the authors report the efficacy in GM restoration and safety of autologous faecal microbiota transfer in treated AML patients in a phase II clinical trial.
- Published
- 2021
22. Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
- Author
-
Volker Thiel, Ozge Karayel, Fynn M. Hansen, Teresa M. Lavacca, Igor Paron, Anqi Wang, Bernhard Kuster, Roman Wölfel, Antonio Piras, Thomas Enghleitner, Matthias Mann, John Ziebuhr, Valter Bergant, Luca Zinzula, Ulrike Protzer, Alexey Stukalov, Yiqi Huang, Darya A. Haas, Roland Rad, Vincent Grass, Maria Reinecke, Maria C. Tanzer, Virginie Girault, Pietro Scaturro, Jörg Jores, Lila Oubraham, Andreas Pichlmair, M. Sabri Hamad, Rosina Ehmann, and Christian Urban
- Subjects
Proteomics ,0301 basic medicine ,Proteome ,viruses ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Datasets as Topic ,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ,Interactome ,Viroporin Proteins ,Transcriptome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,Protein Interaction Maps ,Phosphorylation ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,3. Good health ,Crosstalk (biology) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Identification (biology) ,Computational biology ,Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ,Biology ,Antiviral Agents ,Virus ,Cell Line ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Humans ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,030304 developmental biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,fungi ,Ubiquitination ,Rational design ,COVID-19 ,Omics ,respiratory tract diseases ,body regions ,030104 developmental biology ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
SummaryThe global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 urgently requires an in-depth understanding of molecular functions of viral proteins and their interactions with the host proteome. Several individual omics studies have extended our knowledge of COVID-19 pathophysiology1–10. Integration of such datasets to obtain a holistic view of virus-host interactions and to define the pathogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 is limited by the heterogeneity of the experimental systems. We therefore conducted a concurrent multi-omics study of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Using state-of-the-art proteomics, we profiled the interactome of both viruses, as well as their influence on transcriptome, proteome, ubiquitinome and phosphoproteome in a lung-derived human cell line. Projecting these data onto the global network of cellular interactions revealed crosstalk between the perturbations taking place upon SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections at different layers and identified unique and common molecular mechanisms of these closely related coronaviruses. The TGF-β pathway, known for its involvement in tissue fibrosis, was specifically dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and autophagy by SARS-CoV-2 ORF3. The extensive dataset (available at https://covinet.innatelab.org) highlights many hotspots that can be targeted by existing drugs and it can guide rational design of virus- and host-directed therapies, which we exemplify by identifying kinase and MMPs inhibitors with potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2021
23. Perspectives of osteoarthritis prevention and therapy personification based on the analysis of comorbid background, genetic polymorphisms and microelement status
- Author
-
Alexander Lila, I. Yu. Torshin, I V Gogoleva, O A Limanova, I. S. Sardaryan, A. V. Naumov, T. E. Bogacheva, T. R. Grishina, and O. A. Gromova
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Osteoarthritis ,RM1-950 ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,genetic polymorphisms ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Chondroitin sulfate ,Myocardial infarction ,chondroprotective agents ,HB71-74 ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Pharmacology ,biology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,microelements ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Ulcerative colitis ,Obesity ,osteoarthritis ,comorbidity ,Economics as a science ,chemistry ,Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ,biology.protein ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,business - Abstract
Objective: analysis of the osteoarthritis (OA) comorbidity taking into account the microelement status and genetic polymorphisms of the examined patients, determination of the prospects for the OA prevention and therapy.Material and methods. A cross-sectional study of a multiethnic cohort (n=655, mean age 43±14 years, 95% CI 29–70) formed on the basis of the Institute of Microelements database, was carried out. For all participants, the content of the 62 elements of the Element Periodic Table profile in hair was identified and variants of 120 nucleotide polymorphisms associated with various pathologies were definedResults. The study found that 18 of the 27 ICD-10 diagnoses examined were comorbid with OA. Osteoarthritis was comorbid with pathologies with a pronounced component of inflammation (ulcerative colitis, atherosclerosis, unspecified encephalopathy, obesity, diabetes mellitus, essential (primary) hypertension, urine calculus, acute myocardial infarction, cholelithiasis, etc.). The core of OA comorbidity was established, which included following pathologies: chronic cerebral ischemia, diabetes mellitus, thrombophlebitis, atherosclerosis, cholelithiasis. Seven profiles of the most frequent combinations of these diagnoses were identified. The presence of 2 out of 5 of these pathologies was recorded in 92% of patients with OA (n=50) and only in 2% of control patients (n=600), which corresponded to an extreme increase in the risk of OA (OR 56.3, 95% CI 17.4–181.6, pConclusion. Based on the obtained results the prospects for the use of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate in patients with an increased risk of OA development are shown.
- Published
- 2021
24. Indole-3-Carbinol–Dependent Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Attenuates the Inflammatory Response in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- Author
-
Elizabeth Huang, Zerina Hodzic, Shay S. Bidani, P. K. Agrawal, Aiza Bustos, Qingqing Gong, Martin Goree, Jamie M. Rimer, Angela N. Lewis, Misty Good, Elise Hu, Lila S. Nolan, Wyatt E. Lanik, Jennifer K. Bando, Marie L. Laury, Victoria Liu, Sarah E. Gale, and Belgacem Mihi
- Subjects
Chemokine ,Indoles ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Interleukin-1beta ,Immunology ,Article ,Mice ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ,Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Scavenger receptor ,biology ,Macrophages ,Membrane Proteins ,General Medicine ,Dendritic cell ,Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Cytokine ,Animals, Newborn ,Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ,Necrotizing enterocolitis ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Increased inflammatory response ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) causes significant morbidity and mortality in premature infants; therefore, the identification of therapeutic and preventative strategies against NEC remains a high priority. The ligand-dependent transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well known to contribute to the regulation of intestinal microbial communities and amelioration of intestinal inflammation. However, the role of AhR signaling in NEC is unclear. Experimental NEC was induced in 4-d-old wild-type mice or mice lacking AhR expression in the intestinal epithelial cells or AhR expression in CD11c+ cells (AhRΔCD11c) by subjecting animals to twice daily hypoxic stress and gavage feeding with formula supplemented with LPS and enteric bacteria. During NEC, compared with wild-type mice treated with vehicle, littermates treated with an AhR proligand, indole-3-carbinol, had reduced expression of Il1b and Marco, a scavenger receptor that mediates dendritic cell activation and the recognition and clearance of bacterial pathogens by macrophages. Furthermore, indole-3-carbinol treatment led to the downregulation of genes involved in cytokine and chemokine, as revealed by pathway enrichment analysis. AhR expression in the intestinal epithelial cells and their cre-negative mouse littermates were similarly susceptible to experimental NEC, whereas AhRΔCD11c mice with NEC exhibited heightened inflammatory responses compared with their cre-negative mouse littermates. In seeking to determine the mechanisms involved in this increased inflammatory response, we identified the Tim-4− monocyte–dependent subset of macrophages as increased in AhRΔCD11c mice compared with their cre-negative littermates. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential for AhR ligands as a novel immunotherapeutic approach to the management of this devastating disease.
- Published
- 2021
25. Efferent projections of CGRP/ Calca ‐expressing parabrachial neurons in mice
- Author
-
Fillan Grady, Joel C. Geerling, Lila Peltekian, Dake Huang, and Justin J. Laing
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Efferent ,Gene Expression ,Mice, Transgenic ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Biology ,Efferent Pathways ,Article ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neurons, Efferent ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurons ,Parabrachial Nucleus ,General Neuroscience ,Central nucleus of the amygdala ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Anterograde tracing ,Stria terminalis ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Locus coeruleus ,Female ,Neuroscience ,Nucleus ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is composed of glutamatergic neurons at the midbrain-hindbrain junction. These neurons form many subpopulations, one of which expresses Calca, which encodes the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This Calca-expressing subpopulation has been implicated in a variety of homeostatic functions, but the overall distribution of Calca-expressing neurons in this region remains unclear. Also, while previous studies in rats and mice have identified output projections from CGRP-immunoreactive or Calca-expressing neurons, we lack a comprehensive understanding of their efferent projections. We began by identifying neurons with Calca mRNA and CGRP immunoreactivity in and around the PB, including populations in the locus coeruleus and motor trigeminal nucleus. Calca-expressing neurons in the PB prominently express the mu opioid receptor (Oprm1) and are distinct from neighboring neurons that express Foxp2 and Pdyn. Next, we used Cre-dependent anterograde tracing with synaptophysin-mCherry to map the efferent projections of these neurons. Calca-expressing PB neurons heavily target subregions of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, basal forebrain, thalamic intralaminar and ventral posterior parvicellular nuclei, and hindbrain, in different patterns depending on the injection site location within the PB region. Retrograde axonal tracing revealed that the previously unreported hindbrain projections arise from a rostral-ventral subset of CGRP/Calca neurons. Finally, we show that these efferent projections of Calca-expressing neurons are distinct from those of neighboring PB neurons that express Pdyn. This information provides a detailed neuroanatomical framework for interpreting experimental work involving CGRP/Calca-expressing neurons and opioid action in the PB region.
- Published
- 2021
26. Pre-locus coeruleus neurons in rat and mouse
- Author
-
Anuradha M Gore, Lila Peltekian, Silvia Gasparini, Jon M. Resch, and Joel C. Geerling
- Subjects
Adrenergic Neurons ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Population ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 ,Physiology (medical) ,Neural Pathways ,Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ,medicine ,Tegmentum ,Animals ,Pre-locus coeruleus ,Lateral parabrachial nucleus ,Protein Precursors ,Cholinergic neuron ,education ,Neurons ,education.field_of_study ,Appetite Regulation ,Brain ,Enkephalins ,Feeding Behavior ,Diet, Sodium-Restricted ,Animal Feed ,Cholinergic Neurons ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques ,Repressor Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Hypothalamus ,Locus coeruleus ,Female ,Locus Coeruleus ,Nucleus ,Neuroscience ,Biomarkers ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Previously, we identified a population of neurons in the hindbrain tegmentum, bordering the locus coeruleus (LC). We named this population the pre-locus coeruleus (pre-LC) because in rats its neurons lie immediately rostral to the LC. In mice, however, pre-LC and LC neurons intermingle, making them difficult to distinguish. Here, we use molecular markers and anterograde tracing to clarify the location and distribution of pre-LC neurons in mice, relative to rats. First, we colocalized the transcription factor FoxP2 with the activity marker Fos to identify pre-LC neurons in sodium-deprived rats and show their distribution relative to surrounding catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurons. Next, we used sodium depletion and chemogenetic activation of the aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) to identify the homologous population of pre-LC neurons in mice, along with a related population in the central lateral parabrachial nucleus. Using Cre-reporter mice for Pdyn, we confirmed that most of these sodium-depletion-activated neurons are dynorphinergic. Finally, after confirming that these neurons receive excitatory input from the NTS and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, plus convergent input from the inhibitory AgRP neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, we identify a major, direct input projection from the medial prefrontal cortex. This new information on the location, distribution, and input to pre-LC neurons provides a neuroanatomical foundation for cell-type-specific investigation of their properties and functions in mice. Pre-LC neurons likely integrate homeostatic information from the brainstem and hypothalamus with limbic, contextual information from the cerebral cortex to influence ingestive behavior.
- Published
- 2021
27. Oncogenic N-Ras Mitigates Oxidative Stress–Induced Apoptosis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Author
-
Wun Kuk, Meiling Zhao, Qing Li, Laura M. McKay, Victor Ng, Morgan Jones, Xi Jin, Gina Ney, Lila Alaka, Kevin B Yang, Lu Liu, Adam Ross, Leilani Sampang, and Hadie Evarts
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Cell Survival ,Apoptosis ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Radiation, Ionizing ,Autophagy ,STAT5 Transcription Factor ,medicine ,Animals ,Progenitor cell ,Cells, Cultured ,Protein Kinase C ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Mice, Knockout ,Cell growth ,Hematopoietic stem cell ,Hematopoietic Stem Cells ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Oxidative Stress ,Haematopoiesis ,Genes, ras ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Female ,Fluorouracil ,Stem cell - Abstract
Leukemic relapse is believed to be driven by transformed hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that harbor oncogenic mutations or have lost tumor suppressor function. Recent comprehensive sequencing studies have shown that mutations predicted to activate Ras signaling are highly prevalent in hematologic malignancies and, notably, in refractory and relapsed cases. To better understand what drives this clinical phenomenon, we expressed oncogenic NrasG12D within the hematopoietic system in mice and interrogated its effects on HSC survival. N-RasG12D conferred a survival benefit to HSCs and progenitors following metabolic and genotoxic stress. This effect was limited to HSCs and early progenitors and was independent of autophagy and cell proliferation. N-RasG12D–mediated HSC survival was not affected by inhibition of canonical Ras effectors such as MEK and PI3K. However, inhibition of the noncanonical Ras effector pathway protein kinase C (PKC) ameliorated the protective effects of N-RasG12D. Mechanistically, N-RasG12D lowered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which correlated with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. Inhibition of PKC restored the levels of ROS to that of control HSCs and abrogated the protective effects granted by N-RasG12D. Thus, N-RasG12D activation within HSCs promotes cell survival through the mitigation of ROS, and targeting this mechanism may represent a viable strategy to induce apoptosis during malignant transformation of HSCs. Significance: Targeting oncogenic N-Ras–mediated reduction of ROS in hematopoietic stem cells through inhibition of the noncanonical Ras effector PKC may serve as a novel strategy for treatment of leukemia and other Ras-mutated cancers.
- Published
- 2021
28. Optimization of the microwave assisted extraction and biological activities of polyphenols from lemon verbena leaves
- Author
-
Kenza Bedjaoui, Kahina Djaoud, Khodir Madani, Menana Guemghar, Nabila Djerrada, Zohra Touati, Nawel Adjeroud, and Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf
- Subjects
biology ,DPPH ,Broth microdilution ,Extraction (chemistry) ,biology.organism_classification ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ingredient ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Food science ,Response surface methodology ,Antibacterial activity ,Lemon verbena ,Food Science - Abstract
The present study aims to optimize the extraction of phenolics by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using the response surface methodology (RSM), from Lemon verbena leaves. The optimized extract was tested for its antioxidant activity using two methods (DPPH and reducing power) and its antibacterial efficiency by using disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution, against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) strains. Under the optimized conditions (40% (v/v): of ethanol concentration, 188 s of irradiation time, 600 W of microwave power and 1:40 g/mL of solid-to-liquid ratio) the total phenolic content (TPC) was 67.87±1.61 mg GAE/g DW. The IC50 of the extract was 139.65±1.44 µg/mL and 56.60±2.79 µg/mL for DPPH inhibition and reducing power, respectively. The best antibacterial activity was shown by the extract obtained by MAE with lower MBC (1.56 to 18.75 mg/mL) and MBC/MIC ratio. Lemon verbena extract can be used as an ingredient in cosmetics, food supplements and herbal medicinal products due to its interesting biological properties.
- Published
- 2021
29. Ginkgo biloba Extract (GbE) Restores Serotonin and Leptin Receptor Levels and Plays an Antioxidative Role in the Hippocampus of Ovariectomized Rats
- Author
-
Monica Marques Telles, Meira M. F. Machado, João Henrique G. Lago, Jéssica de Souza Figueiredo, Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro, Iracema Senna de Andrade, Lila Missae Oyama, Bruna Kelly Sousa Hirata, Renata Mancini Banin, Valter Tadeu Boldarine, and Fernanda Malanconi Thomaz
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Hippocampal formation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Serotonergic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Hippocampus (mythology) ,Leptin receptor ,biology ,Ginkgo biloba ,business.industry ,biology.organism_classification ,surgical procedures, operative ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,Ovariectomized rat ,Serotonin ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Since Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) was reported to improve the hypothalamic serotonergic system of ovariectomized (OVX) rats, the present study aimed to verify the GbE effects on hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammation, and levels of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and both the serotonin (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B) and leptin receptors of OVX rats. Two-month-old female Wistar rats had their ovaries surgically removed (OVX) or not (SHAM). After 60 days, OVX rats were gavaged daily with GbE 500 mg kg−1 (OVX+GbE), while SHAM and OVX groups received saline 0.9% (vehicle) for 14 days. Rats were then euthanized, and hippocampi were collected. Both 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B levels were significantly reduced in OVX rats compared to SHAM rats, while 5-HT1A was higher in OVX+GbE rats in comparison to OVX rats. Similarly, LepR levels were increased in OVX+GbE rats compared to OVX rats, reaching similar levels to SHAM rats. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in OVX rats in relation to SHAM rats, which was restored to SHAM levels by GbE treatment. Additionally, GbE significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in comparison to the SHAM group. No differences were observed either in catalase activity or in the levels of 5-HTT, PKCα, TLR-4, NF-κBp50, ERK, and CREB. In summary, our results show a potential effect of GbE on hippocampal pathways involved in feeding behavior, and thus, they suggest that GbE activity might improve menopausal-related hippocampal disorders, offering an alternative therapeutic tool particularly for women to whom hormone replacement therapy may be contraindicated.
- Published
- 2021
30. Efficacy of Pecan Husk and Shell Phenolic Extracts Against Phytophthora Blight in Chile Pepper
- Author
-
Mary Ann Lila, Phillip Lujan, Srijana Dura, Ivette Guzman, Robert L. Steiner, Mary H. Grace, and Soum Sanogo
- Subjects
biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Carya illinoinensis ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,Husk ,food.food ,Capsicum annuum ,Phytophthora capsici ,food ,Pepper ,Blight ,Phytophthora - Abstract
Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is detrimental to chile peppers (Capsicum sp.). In this study, phenolics extracted from pecan (Carya illinoinensis) husk and shell were foliarly applied to chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L., cultivar NM 6-4) to induce a resistance response against plant infection by P. capsici. Several pecan metabolite extractions were tested, and an acetic acid (2%) in aqueous methanol (80%) solution was the best extraction solvent, yielding total polyphenolic content of 290 mg/g dry weight from husk and 641 mg/g from shell. The phenolic extracts from husk and shell were applied as foliar sprays at different concentrations to chile plants inoculated with a virulent isolate of P. capsici. Chile plants treated with 1% phenolic husk or shell extracts or 0.1% salicylic acid remained alive throughout the study, whereas plants subjected to all other treatments (including a water control treatment) died. Analyses of the extracts through spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the phenolic content in the extracts was largely made up of proanthocyanidins also known as condensed tannins. Pecan byproducts may be used as additional options for management of Phytophthora blight.
- Published
- 2021
31. Shiga Toxin–Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Adults, France, 2009–2017
- Author
-
Stéphane Bonacorsi, Matthieu Jamme, Alexandre Hertig, Elie Azoulay, David Ribes, Lila Bouadma, François-Xavier Weill, Julien Hogan, Aurélie Cointe, Antoine Dossier, Alain Wynckel, Eric Daugas, Benoit Travert, Agnès Veyradier, Yahsou Delmas, Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian, Paul Coppo, Eric Rondeau, Gabriel Choukroun, Claire Presne, Miguel Hie, Emilie Cornec-Le Gall, Lionel Galicier, Steven Grangé, Sandrine Malot, Ygal Benhamou, Fadi Fakhouri, Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi, and Amélie Seguin
- Subjects
food-borne infections ,Epidemiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,bacteria ,Immunodeficiency ,Escherichia coli Infections ,biology ,Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli ,Hazard ratio ,Shiga toxin ,Eculizumab ,thrombotic microangiopathy ,STEC ,food safety ,Infectious Diseases ,Cohort ,Medicine ,France ,medicine.drug ,Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thrombotic microangiopathy ,030231 tropical medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Humans ,HUS ,Dialysis ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Research ,enteric infections ,E. coli ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Shiga Toxin–Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Adults, France, 2009–2017 ,Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome ,biology.protein ,hemolytic uremic syndrome ,business - Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study on hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in 96 adults enrolled in the cohort of the National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies network in France during 2009-2017. Most infections were caused by STEC strains not belonging to the O157 or O104 serogroups. Thirty (31.3%) patients had multiple risk factors for thrombotic microangiopathy. In total, 61 (63.5%) patients required dialysis, 50 (52.1%) had a serious neurologic complication, 34 (35.4%) required mechanical ventilation, and 19 (19.8%) died during hospitalization. We used multivariate analysis to determine that the greatest risk factors for death were underlying immunodeficiency (hazard ratio 3.54) and severe neurologic events (hazard ratio 3.40). According to multivariate analysis and propensity score-matching, eculizumab treatment was not associated with survival. We found that underlying conditions, especially immunodeficiency, are strongly associated with decreased survival in adults who have hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by STEC.
- Published
- 2021
32. Influence of simulated food and oral processing on carotenoid and chlorophyll in vitro bioaccessibility among six spinach genotypes
- Author
-
Mario G. Ferruzzi, Candace Nunn, Micaela Hayes, Marti Pottorff, Sydney Corbin, Massimo Iorrizo, Mary Ann Lila, and Colin D. Kay
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,biology ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Micronutrient ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Bioavailability ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Chlorophyll ,Genotype ,Spinach ,Food science ,Plant breeding ,Carotenoid ,Mastication ,Food Science - Abstract
Increasing the density of micronutrients and phytochemicals in vegetable foods through plant breeding and processing is of value for consumers. However, the extent to which interactions between genetics and processing (G × P) can be leveraged for green leafy vegetables to improve the delivery of such compounds is unknown. Using spinach as a model, a three-phase in vitro digestion method with and without simulated oral processing (mastication) and coupling to a Caco-2 human intestinal cell culture model was used to determine whether bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake of carotenoids and chlorophylls can be modified from six spinach genotypes, fresh or processed as blanched, sterilized, and juiced products. Carotenoid and chlorophyll bioaccessibility varied significantly with the genotype (p < 0.001) and processing treatment (p < 0.001), with processing having a more profound influence on the bioaccessibility, decreasing micellarization of phytochemicals from juiced (25.8-29.3%), to fresh (19.5-27.9%), to blanched (14.9-20.5%), and sterilized spinach (10.4-13.0%). Oral mastication had a significant influence on the carotenoid bioaccessible content of sterilized spinach (0.3-0.5 μmoles per g DW) as compared to fresh spinach (0.1-0.3 μmoles per g DW), most likely due to the additive effect of thermal processing and mastication on facilitating digestive breakdown of the spinach matrix. Caco-2 accumulation of carotenoid and chlorophyll was modestly but significantly (
- Published
- 2021
33. Phenolic compounds from an Algerian medicinal plant (Pallenis spinosa): simulated gastrointestinal digestion, characterization, and biological and enzymatic activities
- Author
-
Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf, Hanane Amrani-Allalou, Lynda Arkoub-Djermoune, Gian Carlo Tenore, Luana Izzo, Khodir Madani, Mohamed Lamine Freidja, Khokha Mouhoubi, Amrani-Allalou, H., Boulekbache-Makhlouf, L., Izzo, L., Arkoub-Djermoune, L., Freidja, M. L., Mouhoubi, K., Madani, K., and Tenore, G. C.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Asteraceae ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Plant Stem ,Plant Extract ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,medicine ,Food science ,Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitor ,IC50 ,Plants, Medicinal ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,ABTS ,Phenol ,biology ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ,Pallenis spinosa ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,Flower ,Composition (visual arts) ,Plant Leave ,Kaempferol ,Food Science - Abstract
Pallenis spinosa is a medicinal plant which is used in folk medicine as curative or preventive remedies for various diseases. Individual phenolic compounds from the methanolic extracts of its flowers, leaves and stem were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The stability and bioactivity (antioxidant activity, micellar cholesterol solubility, α-amylase, and angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitory effects) of these extracts in the gastrointestinal environment was determined before and after their protection in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) capsules. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of thirteen phenolic compounds with nine flavonoids and four phenolic acids. Except for kaempferol, the twelve other compounds have not been previously detected in the aerial part of the studied plant. Quantification of phenolics by HPLC and Folin Ciocalteu methods revealed that the highest TPC was detected in the flower extracts (104.31 ± 0.80 and 145.73 ± 0.48 mg EGA per g of extract, respectively). Leaf extracts displayed the best antioxidant capacity against the two tested radicals DPPH and ABTS (IC50 = 1.24 ± 0.03 and 0.94 ± 0.02 mg mL-1, respectively), FRAP assay (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.02 mg mL-1), α-amylase inhibitory (IC50 = 1.25 ± 0.00 mg mL-1) and angiotensin activity with an inhibitory percent of 30.10 ± 0.12%. The best activity shown by stem extracts was against micellar cholesterol solubility (67.57 ± 0.00%). A strong decrease in TPC and their bioactivity was observed after the gastrointestinal digestion (GID) in non encapsulated extracts. These results showed that P. spinosa is a good source of phenolic compounds and GID affects significantly their composition, content and bioactivity.
- Published
- 2021
34. Vaginal seeding after cesarean birth: Can we build a better infant microbiome?
- Author
-
Jeannie Kelly, Misty Good, and Lila S. Nolan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Cesarean Section ,Obstetrics ,Microbiota ,Infant ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Delivery mode ,Article ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,surgical procedures, operative ,Cesarean Birth ,Pregnancy ,Vagina ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Seeding ,Microbiome ,Cesarean delivery ,reproductive and urinary physiology - Abstract
With over one-third of pregnancies in the United States being delivered by cesarean and the growing knowledge of morbidities associated with repeat cesarean deliveries, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists convened a workshop to address the concept of preventing the first cesarean. The available information on maternal and fetal factors, labor management and induction, and non-medical factors leading to the first cesarean were reviewed as well as the implications of the first cesarean on future reproductive health. Key points were identified to assist with reduction in cesarean rates including that labor induction should be performed primarily for medical indication; if done for non-medical indications, the gestational age should be at least 39 weeks or more and the cervix should be favorable, especially in the nulliparous patient. Review of the current literature demonstrates the importance of adhering to appropriate definitions for failed induction and arrest of labor progress. The diagnosis of “failed induction” should only be made after an adequate attempt. Adequate time for normal latent and active phases of the first stage, and for the second stage, should be allowed, as long as the maternal and fetal conditions permit. The adequate time for each of these stages appears to be longer than traditionally estimated. Operative vaginal delivery is an acceptable birth method when indicated, and can safely prevent cesarean delivery. Given the progressively declining use, it is critical that training and experience in operative vaginal delivery is facilitated and encouraged. When discussing the first cesarean with a patient, counseling should include its effect on future reproductive health.
- Published
- 2021
35. Temporal and spatial variability in the feeding behavior of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the north-western Algerian coast
- Author
-
Dina Lila Soualili and Mohammed Elakkermi
- Subjects
Mediterranean sea ,biology ,Habitat ,Ecology ,Coralline algae ,Spatial variability ,Marine ecosystem ,Test (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Arbacia lixula ,Trophic level - Abstract
The black sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the most domi-nant echinoids in the sublittoral communities of the Mediterranean Sea, where it is considered an essential structuring species by its grazing activity. The present work is considered to be the first study to address the diet of the species A. lixula in Algeria. This study aims to perform on the one hand; a temporal monitoring of the food preferences of two populations of A. lixula living in two different sites in shallow water (port of Salamandre, Stidia) on the coast of Mostaganem (Algeria) during the years 2015 and 2016, and on the other hand; get an idea of the variations of the different trophic sources used and appreciated by this echinoid. The quantitative and qualitative aspect is achieved by monitoring the evolution of the repletion index as well as the identification of the items present in the digestive contents by the contact method of Jones (1968). The results of this monitoring showed that it is an opportunistic species which adapts its diet according to the quality and quantity of food available. Arbacia lixula prefers encrusted coralline algae with a large faunal fraction. In areas rich in nutrients, the spines of these sea urchins may elongate to half the diameter of the test. Based on the results, A. lixula can be associated with habitat, seasonal changes or other specific environmental parameters that merit further development in order to fully understand its functioning in marine ecosystems.
- Published
- 2020
36. Development of a genetic framework to improve the efficiency of bioactive delivery from blueberry
- Author
-
Haley Burtch, Nahla V. Bassil, Molla F. Mengist, Sydney Corbin, Hamed Bostan, Kim E. Hummer, Hawi Debelo, Mario G. Ferruzzi, Massimo Iorizzo, Colin D. Kay, Marti Pottorff, Mary Ann Lila, and Candace Nunn
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Germplasm ,Genotype ,Blueberry Plants ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biology ,In Vitro Techniques ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Plant breeding ,Gastrointestinal digestion ,Hydroxybenzoates ,Metabolomics ,Food science ,lcsh:Science ,Flavonoids ,Multidisciplinary ,010401 analytical chemistry ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,Heritability ,0104 chemical sciences ,Correlation analysis ,Digestion ,lcsh:Q ,Secondary metabolism ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In the present study, we applied a novel high-throughput in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to phenotype bioaccessibility of phenolics in a diverse germplasm collection representing cultivated highbush blueberries. Results revealed significant (P
- Published
- 2020
37. HEMATOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE STATUS PARAMETERS IN DOMESTIC DOGS NATURALLY INFESTED BY RHIPICEPHALUS SP
- Author
-
Abdelhanine Ayad, Omar Besseboua, Lila Hassissen, Melaaz Belhadj-Kebbi, and Rosa Kebbi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,dogs ,rhipicephalus sp ,040301 veterinary sciences ,hematological parameters ,medicine.disease_cause ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Blood serum ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Centrifugation ,0303 health sciences ,Hematology ,ABTS ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,integumentary system ,oxidative status ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Malondialdehyde ,Rhipicephalus ,chemistry ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Hemoglobin ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate hematological and oxidative stress parameters in domestic dogs infested naturally (n=10) by Rhipicephalus sp. to compare with non-infested dogs (n=10). All blood samples were collected from brachial vein into tubes EDTA for the hematological analysis such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (HGB) and platelets (PLT). Serum was rapidly separated after centrifugation and stored at -20 °C until it was used for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) inhibition measurements. HGB in non-infested dogs was significantly higher than in infested dogs (P0.05). The mean of MDA concentration was high in infested dogs (0.92±0.62 nmol/ml) compared to non-infested dogs (0.75±0.25 nmol/ml). On the other hand, the percentage of ABTS inhibition was similar in both groups (P=0.71). High tick number seems significantly affected WBCs (P0.05) between low and high infested dogs, neither in the amount of MDA nor in the ABTS inhibition. In conclusion, infested dogs induced RBCs alterations, which coincided with the oxidative damage, as evidenced by MDA serum levels. Also, there was a relationship between the tick number in infested dogs and the hematological parameters.
- Published
- 2020
38. Model organism databases are in jeopardy
- Author
-
E. Michelle Southard-Smith, E. J. A. Hubbard, Hiten D. Madhani, Ruth Lehmann, Hugo J. Bellen, and Lila Solnica-Krezel
- Subjects
Budgets ,Biomedical Research ,Databases, Factual ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Financing, Organized ,Computational Biology ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Inventions ,Models, Animal ,Animals ,Humans ,Investments ,Model organism ,Molecular Biology ,Developmental Biology - Published
- 2022
39. A nutraceutical extract from Inula viscosa leaves: UHPLC-HR-MS/MS based polyphenol profile, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
- Author
-
Khodir Madani, Lila Boulekbache, Giuseppina Crescente, Nabila Brahmi-Chendouh, Francesca Pacifico, Salah Akkal, Sabrina Hamri-Zeghichi, Severina Pacifico, Simona Piccolella, Brahmi-Chendouh, Nabila, Piccolella, Simona, Crescente, Giuseppina, Pacifico, Francesca, Boulekbache, Lila, Hamri-Zeghichi, Sabrina, Akkal, Salah, Madani, Khodir, and Pacifico, Severina
- Subjects
Polyphenol ,High pressure liquid ,Antioxidant ,Cell Survival ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutraceutical ,Picrates ,medicine ,Caffeic acid ,Humans ,Benzothiazoles ,Medicinal plants ,Cells, Cultured ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Cell Proliferation ,Pharmacology ,Chromatography ,0303 health sciences ,ABTS ,Inula ,Molecular Structure ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,Biphenyl Compounds ,010401 analytical chemistry ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Polyphenols ,biology.organism_classification ,Depside ,Mitochondria ,0104 chemical sciences ,Plant Leaves ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,chemistry ,Sulfonic Acids ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
Nowadays, advanced extraction techniques and highly sensitive metabolic profiling methods are effectively employed to get new information on plant chemical constituents. Among them wild medicinal plants or their parts, with large and ancient use in folk medicine, are investigated for their potential functional use and cultivation. In this context, Inula viscosa leaves engaged our attention. A simple experimental design, based on Soxhlet extraction and chromatographic fractionation, allowed us to obtain the investigated polyphenol fraction (IvE). UHPLC-HRMS analyses revealed shikimoyl depsides of caffeic acid and unusual dihydrobenzofuran lignans as main secondary metabolites. These compounds, together with cinchonain-type phenols, and hydroxycinnamoyl flavonol glycosides, are reported for the first time in inula. Overall, forty-three secondary metabolites were identified. The extract exerted a remarkable antiradical activity towards DPPH• and ABTS+•. Furthermore, it was able to inhibit cell viability and mitochondrial redox activity of neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma and colon carcinoma cells, whereas it did not affect cell density of HaCaT cells immortalized human keratinocytes. As detected by the oxidant-sensing probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, the inhibitory responses seemed to be related to IvE-induced increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The obtained results highlighted that inula leaves, nowadays even undervalued and unexplored, could be considered a renewable source of nutraceutical compounds. Keywords: Chromatography, High pressure liquid, Depsides, Inula, Polyphenols, Tandem mass spectrometry
- Published
- 2019
40. Phytochemical, Nutritional, Antioxidant Activity and Sensorial Characteristics of Amala (Phyllanthus emblica L.) Chutney
- Author
-
Anish Dangal, Yadav Kc, Samikshya Rayamajhi, and Lila Devi Shiwakoti
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Antioxidant ,Phytochemical ,Traditional medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Phyllanthus emblica ,medicine ,Biology - Abstract
This study was aimed to prepare amala (Phyllanthus emblica L.) chutney and to determine its phytochemicals and nutritional compositions, antioxidant activity and sensorial properties. The amala pulp and sugar were mixed separately at the proportion of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70 and labeled as samples A, B, C, D and E respectively. Sample A exhibited highest tannins, total polyphenols, flavonoids content and percent DPPH inhibition (198.9 mg GAE/g, 606 mg GAE/g, 153.47 mg QE/g and 61.67% respectively), and sample B exhibited highest ascorbic acid content (325.4 mg/100g) among the chutney samples. The crude proteins, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash and moisture content were higher (2.1%, 0.328%, 5.03%, 1.73% and 51.17% respectively) in sample A. The carbohydrate content and energy value were higher (66.16% and 267.9 Kcal/100 g respectively) in sample E. Total sugar, TSS and pH (75.93%, 60.3 °Bx and 4.56 respectively) was higher in sample E while acidity (1.21% as citric acid) was high in sample A. Most of the sensory attributes were significantly higher (P
- Published
- 2020
41. Proteomic analysis and optimized production of Alkalihalobacillus patagoniensis PAT 05T extracellular proteases
- Author
-
Nelda Lila Olivera, Cynthia Sequeiros, Martín Sebastián Iglesias, and Marina L. Nievas
- Subjects
Proteases ,Hydrolyzed protein ,Protease ,biology ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Carboxypeptidase ,Endopeptidase ,Biochemistry ,Bacillus alcalophilus ,biology.protein ,Extracellular ,medicine ,Industrial and production engineering ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Extracellular proteolytic extracts from the haloalkalitolerant strain Alkalihalobacillus patagoniensis PAT 05T have proved highly efficient to reduce wool felting, as part of an ecofriendly treatment suitable for organic wool. In the present study, we identified the extracellular proteases produced by PAT 05T and we optimized its growth conditions for protease production through statistical methods. A total of 191 proteins were identified in PAT 05T culture supernatants through mass spectrometry analysis. Three of the 6 detected extracellular proteases belonged to the serine-endopeptidase family S8 (EC 3.4.21); two of them showed 86.3 and 67.9% identity with an alkaline protease from Bacillus alcalophilus and another one showed 50.4% identity with Bacillopeptidase F. The other 3 proteases exhibited 55.3, 49.4 and 61.1% identity with D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacF, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacC and endopeptidase LytE, respectively. Using a Fractional Factorial Design followed by a Central Composite Design optimization, a twofold increase in protease production was reached. NaCl concentration was the most influential factor on protease production. The usefulness of PAT 05T extracellular proteolytic extracts to reduce wool felting was possible associated with the activity of the serine-endopeptidases closely related to highly alkaline keratinolytic proteases. The other identified proteases could cooperate, improving protein hydrolysis. This study provided valuable information for the exploitation of PAT 05T proteases which have potential for the valorization of organic wool as well as for other industrial applications.
- Published
- 2020
42. Pegfilgrastim (PEG-G-CSF) Induces Anti-polyethylene Glycol (PEG) IgM via a T Cell-Dependent Mechanism
- Author
-
Sherif E. Emam, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Amr S. Abu Lila, Hidenori Ando, Yu Ishima, Nehal E. Elsadek, and Taro Shimizu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,biology ,T cell ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Spleen ,General Medicine ,Polyethylene glycol ,Marginal zone ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Immunoglobulin M ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,PEGylation ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Antibody ,Pegfilgrastim ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics are beginning to be widely used in various clinical settings. Conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) to protein therapeutics improves their circulation half-lives in the body. However, we and other groups observed that the initial dose of some PEGylated protein-based therapeutics may induce anti-PEG antibodies (primarily immunoglobulin M (IgM)), resulting in the accelerated clearance of a second dose. The mechanism behind the induction of anti-PEG IgM by PEGylated protein-based therapeutics is still unclear. In this study, we found that Pegfilgrastim (PEG-G-CSF, the PEGylated form of the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) induced anti-PEG IgM in mice when administered via either intravenous or subcutaneous administration. However, the anti-PEG IgM induction is diminished both in athymic nude mice lacking T cells and in splenectomized mice. In addition, anti-PEG IgM production was significantly diminished in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice depleted of B-cells. These results indicate that anti-PEG IgM production by Pegfilgrastim occurs in spleen in a T cell-dependent manner, which differs from anti-PEG IgM induced by PEGylated liposomes. However, B cells, both marginal zone and follicular, are essential for anti-PEG IgM production in both PEGylated preparations.
- Published
- 2020
43. Strengthen of the Defense Behavior in Honey Bee Colonies (Apis mellifera L.) against Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson &Trueman) Using Volatile Oils Under Arid Regions Conditions
- Author
-
Amro Ahmed Taha, Amany Saad Abo-Lila, and Doaa A. Abou El-Atta
- Subjects
Toxicology ,Worker bee ,Neem oil ,biology ,Varroa destructor ,Mite ,Garlic Oil ,Varroa ,Honey bee ,biology.organism_classification ,Brood - Abstract
The efficacy of six essential oils compared with formic acid and Apistan stripes, against Varroa mite were evaluated. The infestation levels of these substances were evaluated in honeybee colonies during spring season, 2019 under arid regions environmental conditions. It is obvious that garlic oil was superior of all treatments in falling number of varroa mites after treatments with significant difference giving 46.66±3.92 during the experimental period. Formic acid, clove oil, and apistan strips were the most effective of fallen varroa mites after garlic oil with insignificant differences among them represented 26.33±0.33, 21.33±2.40, and 20.66±1.20 fallen mites/colony, respectively. On contrary, neem oil was the least in mean number of fallen varroa mites equalized with control colonies giving (0.33fallen mites/colony). For the reduction percentage on both brood and workers, the outstanding treatments were garlic oil, formic acid, and apistan strips represented 87.33, 87.33, and 82.56 %, respectively. On the other hand, the inferior reduction was observed for neem oil with mean reduction percentage 4.75 % for both brood and worker bees. This study indicates that using garlic oil, formic acid, and apistan strips mixture can be added to IPM programs for controlling Varroa mite.
- Published
- 2020
44. Conditional Silencing of H-2Db Class I Molecule Expression Modulates the Protective and Pathogenic Kinetics of Virus-Antigen–Specific CD8 T Cell Responses during Theiler's Virus Infection
- Author
-
Michael J. Hansen, Katayoun Ayasoufi, Cori E Fain, Aaron J. Johnson, Fang Jin, Larry R. Pease, Emma N. Goddery, Lila T Yokanovich, Roman H. Khadka, Kevin D. Pavelko, Courtney S. Malo, Robin C. Orozco, Zachariah P. Tritz, and Megan L. Settell
- Subjects
Immune system ,Virus antigen ,Immunology ,MHC class I ,biology.protein ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Priming (immunology) ,CD11c ,Biology ,Epitope ,Virus ,Cell biology - Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection of the CNS is cleared in C57BL/6 mice by a CD8 T cell response restricted by the MHC class I molecule H-2Db. The identity and function of the APC(s) involved in the priming of this T cell response is (are) poorly defined. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed an H-2Db LoxP-transgenic mouse system using otherwise MHC class I–deficient C57BL/6 mice, thereby conditionally ablating MHC class I–restricted Ag presentation in targeted APC subpopulations. We observed that CD11c+ APCs are critical for early priming of CD8 T cells against the immunodominant TMEV peptide VP2121-130. Loss of H-2Db on CD11c+ APCs mitigates the CD8 T cell response, preventing early viral clearance and immunopathology associated with CD8 T cell activity in the CNS. In contrast, animals with H-2Db–deficient LysM+ APCs retained early priming of Db:VP2121-130 epitope–specific CD8 T cells, although a modest reduction in immune cell entry into the CNS was observed. This work establishes a model enabling the critical dissection of H-2Db–restricted Ag presentation to CD8 T cells, revealing cell-specific and temporal features involved in the generation of CD8 T cell responses. Employing this novel system, we establish CD11c+ cells as pivotal to the establishment of acute antiviral CD8 T cell responses against the TMEV immunodominant epitope VP2121-130, with functional implications both for T cell–mediated viral control and immunopathology.
- Published
- 2020
45. Using genomic tools to inform management of the Atlantic northern fulmar
- Author
-
Lila Colston-Nepali, Mark L. Mallory, Ryan P. Franckowiak, Zhengxin Sun, Gregory J. Robertson, Vicki L. Friesen, and Jennifer F. Provencher
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Ecology ,Population ,Population genetics ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Bycatch ,Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.animal ,Genetic structure ,Genetics ,14. Life underwater ,Northern fulmar ,Seabird ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Highly migratory species pose unique conservation and management challenges, especially when significant mortality occurs away from breeding concentrations. Population genetics and genomics may help with the appropriate management of these species by (1) determining the population genetic structure of a species across its range, and (2) allowing the assignment of individuals to their breeding source. The northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis; Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) is a seabird species that breeds in colonies throughout the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans. This species ranges widely across ocean basins during the non-breeding season and is exposed to a variety of threats throughout the annual cycle. The impact of mortality during the nonbreeding season on individual breeding colonies is unknown but has important ramifications for conservation and management. In this study we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to provide 6614 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate population genetic structure of northern fulmars using 127 individuals from six breeding colonies spanning the Atlantic. Additionally, birds of unknown breeding origin were sampled from two locations: (1) offshore in the Labrador Sea, and (2) the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait region (NAFO subarea 0), as bycatch in gillnets set for Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). We found weak genetic differentiation among breeding colonies, which we suggest reflects historical associations as well as contemporary gene flow among populations. Most bycatch birds were likely from nearby breeding colonies in the eastern Canadian Arctic, but the exact breeding origins were difficult to determine due to the lack of differentiation between colonies.
- Published
- 2020
46. Review of clinical aspects, epidemiology and diagnosis of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis in small ruminants: current status and future perspectives in tropics focusing on Malaysia
- Author
-
Hamza Abdirahman Hashi, Bura Thlama Paul, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Azlan Che-Amat, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Mohd Jefri Norsidin, and Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,Epidemiology ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Sheep Diseases ,Reviews ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,law.invention ,0403 veterinary science ,Mycoplasma ,Food Animals ,Pregnancy ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,law ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Diagnosis ,Quarantine ,medicine ,Animals ,Seroprevalence ,Mycoplasma Infections ,Ovis ,Goat Diseases ,Sheep ,Haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis ,biology ,Goats ,Malaysia ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Small ruminants ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Flock - Abstract
Mycoplasma ovis (formerly Eperythrozoon ovis) is an epierythrocytic parasitic bacterium of small ruminants known as haemotropic mycoplasma, which is transmitted mechanically by biting flies and contaminated instruments. Acute mycoplasmosis causes severe haemolytic anaemia and mortality in young animals. At the same time, chronic disease may produce mild anaemia and varying degrees of morbidity depending on several factors, including age, reproductive status, the plane of nutrition, immunological status and the presence of concurrent infection. Haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis is currently recognised as an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is widely distributed in the sheep and goat producing areas of tropics and subtropics, where the disease is nearly endemic. Human infection has been reported in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and people exposed to animals and arthropods. The current diagnosis of haemoplasma relies on microscopic evaluation of Giemsa-stained blood smear and PCR. Although there are few published reports on the incidence of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis infection of small ruminants in Malaysia, information on its prevalence, risk factors, severity and economic impacts is grossly inadequate. Therefore, a large-scale survey of small ruminant flocks is necessary to elucidate the current seroprevalence status and molecular characteristics of haemotropic M. ovis infection in Malaysia using ELISA and PCR sequencing technologies. In the future, surveillance programs, including vector forecast, quarantine, monitoring by periodic surveys and public enlightenment, will limit the internal and transboundary spread of M. ovis, enhance control efforts and mitigate production losses in Malaysia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11250-020-02357-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2020
47. Role of a Rare Variant in APC Gene Promoter 1B Region in Classic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
- Author
-
Dong Xu, Lila Zhu, Lizhen Zhu, Mengyuan Yang, and Ying Yuan
- Subjects
Sanger sequencing ,Genetics ,biology ,Adenomatous polyposis coli ,Gastroenterology ,Promoter ,medicine.disease ,Germline ,Familial adenomatous polyposis ,symbols.namesake ,biology.protein ,symbols ,medicine ,Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification ,Gene ,Exome sequencing - Abstract
Background: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is most commonly caused by germline variants in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Although definite pathogenic variants could be detected in the majority of individuals with FAP, there are still numerous variant-negative FAP patients. Method: We utilized a 139-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to detect pathogenic variants in FAP patients and found a variant-negative pedigree. Through whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified a point variant in the noncoding region in the APC gene. Finally, we used Sanger sequencing to analyze its pedigree cosegregation and a dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay to assess its function. Results: With the exception of 2 variants of undetermined significance (VUS), WES showed no pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. After performing MLPA, the pedigree was still variant-negative. Interestingly, through WES, a point variant c.-190G>A located in the promoter 1B region of the APC gene was identified in 3 affected individuals. Moreover, a variant carrier was found during screening of the family with Sanger sequencing. Through the DLR assay, we further confirmed that the variant c.-190G>A caused significant suppression of downstream transcription of APC. Conclusions: The variant (c.-190G>A) in the APC promoter 1B region is able to cause FAP with a classic phenotype, but this kind of variant in the noncoding region could be missed by conventional genetic testing. Thus, utilizing sequencing technologies covering a larger area can help us to further explore the pathogenesis in variant-negative FAP cases.
- Published
- 2020
48. Pegfilgrastim (PEG-G-CSF) induces anti-PEG IgM in a dose dependent manner and causes the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon upon repeated administration in mice
- Author
-
Tatsuhiro Ishida, Amr S. Abu Lila, Hidenori Ando, Sherif E. Emam, Haruka Takata, Yu Ishima, Nehal E. Elsadek, and Taro Shimizu
- Subjects
Male ,Filgrastim ,Neutrophils ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Pharmacology ,Granulocyte ,Neutropenia ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ,PEG ratio ,Animals ,Medicine ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Chemotherapy ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Recombinant Proteins ,Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunoglobulin M ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Pegfilgrastim ,Half-Life ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Pegfilgrastim is a recombinant PEGylated human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) analog filgrastim (trade names Neulasta® or G-Lasta®) that stimulates the production of white blood cells (neutrophils). It is employed as an alternative to filgrastim (G-CSF) for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients due to its longer half-life. In clinical settings, PEG-G-CSF is administered to cancer patients via both the s.c. and i.v. routes. In a murine study, we showed that, regardless of administration route, initial doses of PEG-G-CSF above 0.06 mg/kg elicited anti-PEG immune response in a dose-dependent manner. I.v. administration elicited higher levels of anti-PEG IgM than the s.c. route. Initial doses of PEG-G-CSF (6 mg/kg) that were high enough to trigger production of anti-PEG IgM, did not trigger the accelerated clearance of a lower subsequent dose (0.06 mg/kg) that was similar to i.v. clinical doses of PEG-G-CSF, but when the subsequent dose of PEG-G-CSF was raised to (6 mg/kg), the initial dose triggered the accelerated clearance of the second dose via an anti-PEG IgM-mediated complement activation. Similar observations were noted when an increased PEG-OVA dose was given as the second dose, indicating that pre-existing and/or treatment-induced anti-PEG antibodies might compromise the therapeutic activity and/or reduce tolerance of other PEGylated formulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest the induction of the ABC phenomenon upon repeated injections of pegfilgrastim. In the clinic, cancer patients, receiving multiple cycles of chemotherapy, receive multiple cycles of pegfilgrastim to avoid infections and substantial morbidity. The ABC phenomenon to pegfilgrastim appears to be the cause of loss of clinical benefit of sequential treatments with pegfilgrastim in patients.
- Published
- 2020
49. Impact of the extraction method on physico-chemical proprieties, phytochemicals and biological activity of sesame seeds oil
- Author
-
Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf, Mostapha Bachir Bey, Sara Ouahrani, Fatiha Hamitri-Guerfi, Khodir Madani, and Aicha Benbouriche
- Subjects
Saponification value ,biology ,Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Hexane ,Iodine value ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sesamum ,Peroxide value ,Food science ,Antibacterial activity ,Food Science ,Roasting - Abstract
This study aimed at characterizing oil extracted from roasted and unroasted sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) following either Soxhlet using hexane as the solvent or cold pressing. We obtained an inverse relationship between oil yield and seed moisture content. Seed roasting as well as Soxhlet extraction improved oil yield. Specific absorptivity (at 232 and 270 nm) increased with heating treatment. Refractive values of the different oils were about 1.464. Peroxide value was 7.6 to 9.6 meq O2/kg, iodine value was 107-109g I2/100g, saponification value obtained was 188 to 190 mg KOH/g, oleic and linoleic acids were about 42 and 40%, respectively. Total phenolic contents were 8 (USO-CE) to 17 mg/100 ml (RSO-SE). Roasting process increased the antioxidant contents and activities (DPPH scavenging and reducing power). The antibacterial activity of sesame oil revealed the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. Sesame oil presents interesting physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties that can be improved by roasting the seeds before extraction.
- Published
- 2020
50. Impact of Pre-Existing or Induced Anti-PEG IgM on the Pharmacokinetics of Peginterferon Alfa-2a (Pegasys) in Mice
- Author
-
Taro Shimizu, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Sherif E. Emam, Haruka Takata, Yu Ishima, Eri Hondo, Amr S. Abu Lila, Nehal E. Elsadek, and Hidenori Ando
- Subjects
Male ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Pharmacology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Pharmacokinetics ,Drug Discovery ,PEG ratio ,Animals ,Medicine ,In patient ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,business.industry ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Interferon-alpha ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Recombinant Proteins ,Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ,Immunoglobulin M ,biology.protein ,PEGylation ,Molecular Medicine ,Antibody ,0210 nano-technology ,Dose Frequency ,business ,Peginterferon alfa-2a ,medicine.drug - Abstract
PEGylation had been used successfully to improve the circulation half-lives and some physicochemical properties of protein therapeutics. However, anti-polyethylene glycol (anti-PEG) antibodies, either pre-existing or treatment-induced, can negatively affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological efficacy of PEGylated proteins. We have examined anti-PEG immune responses in mice for peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys), a clinically approved PEGylated protein therapeutic, at both the recommended dose (equivalent to 3 μg/kg in mice) and at higher doses (150 μg/kg) for single or repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) administrations. The effect of treatment-induced anti-PEG IgM on serum concentrations of Pegasys, following repeated administrations, was evaluated. In addition, the effect of pre-existing anti-PEG IgM elicited by a different PEGylated protein, PEG-OVA, on the systemic clearance of Pegasys, was investigated. At a s.c. dose of 3 μg/kg, single injections of Pegasys barely elicited anti-PEG immune responses. Four repeated doses of 150 μg/kg Pegasys elicited anti-PEG IgM production, depending on dose frequency, and triggered the rapid clearance of subsequent doses. In addition, anti-PEG-IgM produced in response to prior administration of PEG-OVA caused a rapid blood clearance of Pegasys. Our results, therefore, underscore the importance of screening for both pre-existing and treatment-induced anti-PEG antibodies in patients prior to and during treatment with PEGylated protein drugs.
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.