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The oviposition behavior of mosquitoes varies between species. We documented the unusual mechanism of egg laying in the mosquito Sabethes albiprivus Theobald with the aid of high speed video recordings in the laboratory. A sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Camb.) nut oviposition trap, described herein, was used to simulate a tree hole with a small opening, which is the natural larval habitat of Sa. albiprivus. We showed that females approach the opening and perform a sequence of rapid, short up-and-down flights before egg laying. At this time, the egg is already visible externally, being held at the very tip of the abdomen. Females catapult one egg at a time by rapidly curling their abdomen downward, sending the egg through the opening while their legs are positioned in different configurations throughout the event. The estimated velocity of the catapulted eggs was almost 1 m/s.

Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Faperj) under the grant no. E-26/202.930/2016, European Union?s Horizon 2020 grant agreement ZIKACTION no. 734857 and Coordena??o de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de e Laborat?rios de Refer?ncia da Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz/Minist?rio de Sa?de. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Flaviv?rus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Ag?ncia de Defesa Agropecu?ria do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Minist?rio da Agricultura Pecu?ria e Abastecimento. Departamento de Servi?os T?cnicos. Secretaria de Defesa Agropecu?ria. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil. Funda??o BioBrasil. Ituber?, BA, Brazil. Minist?rio do Meio Ambiente. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva??o da Biodiversidade. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para Conserva??o das Aves Silvestres. Cabedelo, PB, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo?rios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Autonomous Veterinarian. Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de de Boa Viagem. Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Coordena??o-Geral de Vigil?ncia das Arboviroses. Departamento de Imuniza??o e Doen?as Transmiss?veis. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Coordena??o-Geral de Vigil?ncia das Arboviroses. Departamento de Imuniza??o e Doen?as Transmiss?veis. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central do Estado do Cear? . Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Ag?ncia de Defesa Agropecu?ria do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central do Estado do Cear? . Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de de Boa Viagem. Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de de Boa Viagem. Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de de Boa Viagem. Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de de Boa Viagem. Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo?rios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Coordena??o Geral de Laborat?rios de Sa?de P?blica. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Flaviv?rus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Flaviv?rus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Flaviv?rus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Coordena??o-Geral de Vigil?ncia das Arboviroses. Departamento de Imuniza??o e Doen?as Transmiss?veis. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil / Secretaria de Estado da Sa?de do Piau?. Coordena??o de Epidemiologia. Teresina, PI, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Flaviv?rus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Ag?ncia de Defesa Agropecu?ria do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de de Boa Viagem. Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central do Estado do Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Coordena??o-Geral de Vigil?ncia das Arboviroses. Departamento de Imuniza??o e Doen?as Transmiss?veis. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Coordena??o-Geral de Vigil?ncia das Arboviroses. Departamento de Imuniza??o e Doen?as Transmiss?veis. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Coordena??o-Geral de Vigil?ncia das Arboviroses. Departamento de Imuniza??o e Doen?as Transmiss?veis. Bras?lia, DF, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Funda??o Oswlado Cruz. Laborat?rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo?rios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Flaviv?rus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Laborat?rio de Flaviv?rus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil / Texas A&M University. College Station. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences. TX, USA. Abstract: In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Cear?, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV.

Sabethes (Sabethoides) glaucodaemon was described for the first time by Dyar & Shannon (1925) based on the adult female. Later, descriptions of the male genitalia and parts of the fourth-instar larva and pupa were published by other authors. No one has described the female genitalia or made a complete description of the larva and pupa. The aim of this study was to redescribe Sa. glaucodaemon in the adult stage, including the male and female genitalia, and the pupa and fourth-instar larva. All stages are illustrated. Distinctions from Sa. (Sbo.) tridentatus are discussed. Fil: Stein, Marina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional. Área de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Bangher, Debora Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional. Área de Entomología; Argentina Fil: Neves, Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos. Governo Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro. Secretaria Da Saude. Instituto Vital Brasil.; Brasil Fil: Alvarez, Carla Noel. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional. Área de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina

In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015&ndash, 2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region&rsquo, s receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous.

International audience; The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented.

Background Many indigenous villages in the Amazon basin still suffer from a high malaria burden. Despite this health situation, there are few studies on the bionomics of anopheline larvae in such areas. This publication aims to identify the main larval habitats of the most abundant anopheline species and to assess their associations with some environmental factors. Methods We conducted a 19-month longitudinal study from January 2013 to July 2014, sampling anopheline larvae in two indigenous Yanomami communities, comprised of four villages each. All natural larval habitats were surveyed every two months with a 350 ml manual dipper, following a standardized larval sampling methodology. In a third study area, we conducted two field expeditions in 2013 followed by four systematic collections during the long dry season of 2014–2015. Results We identified 177 larval habitats in the three study areas, from which 9122 larvae belonging to 13 species were collected. Although species abundance differed between villages, An. oswaldoi (s.l.) was overall the most abundant species. Anopheles darlingi, An. oswaldoi (s.l.), An. triannulatus (s.s.) and An. mattogrossensis were primarily found in larval habitats that were partially or mostly sun-exposed. In contrast, An. costai-like and An. guarao-like mosquitoes were found in more shaded aquatic habitats. Anopheles darlingi was significantly associated with proximity to human habitations and larval habitats associated with river flood pulses and clear water. Conclusions This study of anopheline larvae in the Brazilian Yanomami area detected high heterogeneities at micro-scale levels regarding species occurrence and densities. Sun exposure was a major modulator of anopheline occurrence, particularly for An. darlingi. Lakes associated with the rivers, and particularly oxbow lakes, were the main larval habitats for An. darlingi and other secondary malaria vectors. The results of this study will serve as a basis to plan larval source management activities in remote indigenous communities of the Amazon, particularly for those located within low-order river-floodplain systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2517-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.