1. CRISPR/Cas-Based Modifications for Therapeutic Applications: A Review
- Author
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Thirunavukarasou Anand, Sam Aksah, Muthu Kannan, Prabhakar Meera, Nagaraj Bharathkumar, Abraham Sunil, and Konda Mani Saravanan
- Subjects
Homology-directed repair ,Computer science ,Bioengineering ,Review ,Computational biology ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Bacteriophage ,Homology directed repair ,Genome editing ,CRISPR ,Guide RNA ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Gene Editing ,biology ,Cas9 ,RNA ,Therapeutic applications ,DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Nucleic acids ,CRISPR-associated proteins ,Non-homologous end joining ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,RNA, Guide, Kinetoplastida ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas genome editing system is an intrinsic property of a bacteria-based immune system. This employs a guide RNA to detect and cleave the PAM-associated target DNA or RNA in subsequent infections, by the invasion of a similar bacteriophage. The discovery of Cas systems has paved the way to overcome the limitations of existing genome editing tools. In this review, we focus on Cas proteins that are available for gene modifications among which Cas9, Cas12a, and Cas13 have been widely used in the areas of medicine, research, and diagnostics. Since CRISPR has been already proven for its potential research applications, the next milestone for CRISPR will be proving its efficacy and safety. In this connection, we systematically review recent advances in exploring multiple variants of Cas proteins and their modifications for therapeutic applications.
- Published
- 2021