1. Development and validation of a flow cytometric method to evaluate phagocytosis of pHrodo™ BioParticles® by granulocytes in multiple species
- Author
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Julia Lefor, Katherine E. Lich, Stefano F. Liparoto, Yi Qun Xiao, and Andreea Neaga
- Subjects
Male ,Cytochalasin D ,Phagocytosis ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Immunotoxicology ,Granulocyte ,Biology ,Mice ,Immune system ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Innate immune system ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Reproducibility of Results ,Flow Cytometry ,Acquired immune system ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Macrolides ,medicine.symptom ,Ex vivo ,Granulocytes - Abstract
Phagocytosis plays a pivotal and essential role in host immune defense, both as a focal constituent of the innate immune response and a bridging element linking innate and adaptive immunity. Phagocytosis has been demonstrated to be critical in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing and resolution of inflammation through clearance of foreign organisms, apoptotic cells and the production of anti-inflammatory mediators. During pre-clinical investigations, therapeutic drug candidates may alter host resistance to infectious agents by modulating the immune system. The assessment of phagocytic function can be a critical parameter of immunotoxicology for this adverse effect. Utilizing pH-sensitive pHrodo™ BioParticles®, a flow cytometric phagocytosis method was developed and validated in rodent and non-human primate (NHP) species under rigorous GLP compliant procedures. Using species-specific granulocyte markers as well as appropriate temperature and pharmacologic controls, we have developed an ex vivo assay to measure phagocytic function. The method has been optimized to utilize minimal sample volume of whole blood. The assay represents a rapid and reliable tool that can be implemented to evaluate the immunotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of therapeutic candidates.
- Published
- 2013