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The physicochemical and sensorial characterization of beef burgers with added sorghum flours as replacer for the isolated soy protein (ISP) usually used in the conventional formulations was performed. Three formulations were prepared: one conventional (CN) with 3% ISP and two with 3% tannin (BRS 305) and tannin-free (BR 501) whole sorghum flour (WSF) of BRS 305 and BR 501 genotypes. There was no difference among the formulations for most of the physicochemical characteristics. The moisture retention was higher in BRS 305 (P < .05). The added WSF influenced the color of the raw beef burger; and the proximate composition and the antioxidant characteristics of the raw and cooked formulations (P < .05). The purchase intention and flavor, texture and overallacceptabilityscoreswerehigherforthesorghumproductsthanCN(P < .05).Therefore,thereplacingof ISP by WSF in beef burger, especially by the BRS 305 genotype, might be a technologically, nutritionally and sensorially viable option. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-04T23:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Physicochemicalsensorial.pdf: 728318 bytes, checksum: baf3fba66f5b0665ca09e55e8feb5fc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-04 Publicado online em 13 dez. 2018.

Magnesium is one of the essential elements for the plant growth. However, when the supply of magnesium is required exclusively, few economically feasible options are available. Serpentinite represents an alternative source of magnesium, although little is known about its potential and effi ciency under tropical soil conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the use of serpentinite as a soil remineralizer, as well as magnesium fertilizer. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and four replications, as follows: three levels of serpentinite, mix of serpentinite and phonolite, and the controls with dolomitic limestone and without fertilization. Two plant species (Zea mays L. corn hybrid BRS ? 1055 and Phaseolus vulgaris L. common bean variety BRS ? Estilo) and two contrasting soils (clayey and sandy texture), were used in pots. Results showed that serpentinite?s free silica and toxic element contents fi tted the legal requirements. No statistically signifi cant difference was observed for the plant dry matter weight production in the serpentinite and dolomitic limestone control, as well as in the pure serpentinite and the mix with phonolite treatments. The serpentinite was able to supply and to fullfil magnesium requirements for growth and development of corn and bean plants. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-17T12:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluation-agricultural.pdf: 431590 bytes, checksum: 026c29b824d2911365ddbec1e8bf0ea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Forage sorghum presents tall plants, what makes mechanical seed harvesting a difficult task. Plant hormones can reduce plant height and facilitate the harvesting. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on plant height and seed yield in forage sorghum. This research was carried out at Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in two seasons (2017 and 2018), in a randomized complete block design, four replications and three varieties (BRS Ponta Negra, 1141574 and 0947216) under application of Trinexapac-ethyl in two stages of the plant growth (V8, V12, V8 + V12). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, seed yield and mass of 1000 seeds. The effect of the hormone was significant in both stages of growth, with a significant reduction in plant height. The hormone applied twice at growth stages V8 + V12 had a greater effect in reducing plant height. However, the hormone reduced seed yield in the three varieties, what implies the need for further studies comparing the advantage of plant height reduction and the loss in seed yield. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-27T13:00:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trinexapac-ethyl-reduces.pdf: 493049 bytes, checksum: 42bff85016ca6a8a2608bce5b50fbd45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This study investigated the interaction between two pest biological control agents, the parasitoidwasp Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and the entomopathogen Bacillusthuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillacea) (Bt). The aim of this study was to evaluate if the presence of Bt (for-mulated products Agree®, Dipel®and HD1 and HD11 strains) interferes in the oviposition preference ofT. pretiosum to eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using an olfactometry test, the eggs ofH. zea were bathed with the commercial formulations, with the Bt suspensions or distilled water, andoffered to the parasitoid wasps in order to evaluate parasitism. The results showed that H. zea eggs sprayedwith commercial formulations and Bt strains did not interfere in the choice made by the parasitoid. Theparasitoid wasp is not able to distinguish between eggs with or without B. thuringiensis treatment, inde-pendently of strains suspension or commercial formulations. Therefore, these two control agents may beused together without negative interaction. Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-26T01:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doesbacillus.pdf: 679698 bytes, checksum: 4542ef83d063596d7c5f606ebd7e8e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-24

In the current scenario of climate change, sorghum crop has high growth potential, requiring adaptation and selection studies for the various Brazilian production environments. Sorghum is among the most drought-tolerant cereals; however, extended summer can reduce the size and number of grains in the plant, reflecting into poorer yields. Sorghum breeding programs aim to develop hybrids more tolerant to water deficit, to ensure profitable yield even in the face of drought stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water restriction on grain sorghum hybrids in the pre- and post-flowering phases in the Brazilian semiarid. Twenty-five hybrids were evaluated under controlled irrigation conditions in Nova Porteirinha-MG and Teresina-PI. In the Nova Porteirinha, the hybrids were cultivated under conditions of non-drought stress and with drought stress in pre- and post-flowering stage. On the other hand, in Teresina, the experiment took place with non-drought stress and drought stress at post-flowering stage. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in factorial scheme, with three replications. Drought stress reduced grain yield by more than 40%, showing that even being resistant, sorghum is affected by drought. Hybrids 1168093, 1167092, 1236020 and 1423007 showed high yields in the various environments, outyielding the commercial controls, what allows the recommendation of these cultivars for the semiarid areas or late off-season in the Cerrado region. Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-02T11:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GrainSorghumGrownJAS2020.12.4.pdf: 690667 bytes, checksum: 2d7693f45b05bd7cdbc3614dbcda345f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Ora-pro-nóbis é uma hortaliça não convencional que apresenta elevados teores de proteínas, sendo pouco explorada no Brasil. Coberturas comestíveis podem ser aplicadas em alimentos para prolongar a vida de prateleira ou incorporar algum nutriente. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de uma cobertura comestível em folhas de ora-pro-nóbis minimamente processado, por análises microbiológicas, físico-químicas, compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante, verificando a segurança, estabilidade e um possível caráter funcional do produto. Em nenhuma amostra houve diferença significativa na interação da cobertura comestível com o tempo de estocagem refrigerada (8 dias, 7 oC). As amostras apresentaram-se seguras para consumo durante todo o período avaliado (ausência de Salmonella sp., < 3 NMP/g de Coliformes a 45 oC e máximo 2,4 UFC/g de Contagem Total de Bolores e Leveduras). Os resultados médios gerais ao longo de todo o período de armazenamento refrigerado avaliado para cada variável foram: pH = 4,62; ATT = 0,82 g de ac. cítrico/100 g de amostra; cor instrumental: L = 42,78; a* = -13,95; b* = 21,53; umidade = 87,08%; perda de massa = 5,30%; carotenoides = 913,27 µg de carotenoides/g de amostra seca; compostos fenólicos = 11,44 mg GAE/100 g de amostra seca e atividade antioxidante = 359,65 µmol TE/g amostra em base seca. Concluiu-se que o protocolo definido foi eficiente no processamento mínimo de orapro-nóbis, foi possível desenvolver uma cobertura comestível adicionada de extrato aquoso de sorgo e esta não alterou significativamente a vida de prateleira do produto, porém trouxe ganhos expressivos de compostos fenólicos. Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-23T12:25:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aplicacao-extrato.pdf: 372905 bytes, checksum: b885f41d9b6352d986ae5db7ea7a3f9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

RESUMO – O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as plantas daninhas presentes no final do ciclo da cultura do sorgo, apos controle quimico. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 23 tratamentos e 3 repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram aplicacoes de glyphosate + 2,4-D (1.500 + 1.000 g ha-1) isoladas aos 28, 21 e 7 dias antes da semeadura, e/ou associadas com atrazine + paraquat (1.000 + 300 g ha-1) no dia da semeadura, e/ou atrazine (1.000 g ha-1) isolada ou sequencial em pos-emergencia inicial e tardia; um tratamento adicional com atrazine + glyphosate (1.000 + 1.500 g ha-1) no dia da semeadura, e duas testemunhas (capinada e sem capina). O estudo fitossociologico foi realizado na pre-colheita do sorgo. As plantas daninhas foram identificadas e quantificadas pelo metodo do quadrado inventario (0,25 m²), e foram analisados os parâmetros frequencia, densidade e abundância, absolutas e relativas, e o indice de valor de importância (IVI). A dessecacao aos 28 dias antes da semeadura, associada a aplicacao no dia do plantio com herbicidas de contato e residual, somado de aplicacoes em pos-emergencia inicial e tardia, reduziu a frequencia, a densidade e a abundância das especies. Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 332, fitossociologia, controle. PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WEEDS IN GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE FUNCTION OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT – The objective of this work was to identify the weeds present at the end of the crop cycle of sorghum after chemical control. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 23 treatments and three replicates. The treatments were glyphosate + 2,4-D (1500 + 1000 g ha-1), isolated at 28, 21 and 7 days before sowing; and/or atrazine + paraquat (1000 + 300 g ha-1) on the day of sowing, and/or atrazine (1000 g ha-1) isolated or sequential in early and late post-emergence; an additional treatment with atrazine + glyphosate (1000 + 1500 g ha-1) on the day of sowing, and two controls (weeded and no weed). The phytosociological study was carried out in the pre-harvest of sorghum. Weeds were identified and quantified using the square inventory method (0.25 m²); and the parameters frequency, density and abundance (absolute and relative), and the importance value index (IVI) were Analyzed. The desiccation at 28 days before sowing, associated to the application on the day of planting with contact and residual herbicides, plus initial and late post-emergence applications reduced the frequency, density and abundance of the species. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 332, phytosociology, control.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Outra Agência A adubação nitrogenada modifica os padrões morfogênicos de crescimento das forrageiras. Logo, estudos sobre a resposta de plantas recém lançadas, como a capim BRS Quênia, à adubação podem contribuir sobremaneira com a recomendação estratégias de manejo e doses mais apropriadas do adubo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a alocação de biomassa aérea e radicular, resposta morfogênica e a eficiência agronômica da adubação em plantas de Panicum maximum cv. BRS Quênia, sem adubação e adubadas com 50, 100 e 200 mg.dm-3 de nitrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As proporções de folha foram maiores que as proporções de colmo, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada. Houve maiores incrementos na produção de parte aérea em detrimento a produção de raiz. O aumento da adubação implicou em menor intervalo entre o surgimento das folhas do capim BRS Quênia, bem como aumentou o número de perfilhos por planta. A medida que se incrementa a adubação nitrogenada há diminuição da eficiência de uso do adubo. A adubação nitrogenada influencia positivamente a produção de forragem em plantas de Panicum maximum BRS Quênia e, independentemente da dose de adubação nitrogenada, a parte aérea funciona como principal dreno de nitrogênio. Nitrogen fertilization modifies the morphogen patterns of forage growth. Therefore, studies on the response of newly introduced plants, such as BRS Quênia, to fertilization can contribute greatly with the recommendation of management strategies and more appropriate doses of fertilizer. The objective with this research was to evaluate aboveground and root dry mass production and the morphogenetic and structural characteristics, as well as the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in Panicum maximum cv. BRS Quênia, without fertilization and submitted to nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 200 mg/dm3). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse in a completely randomized design whit four replication. Production characteristics and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the plants were evaluated. The grass BRS Quênia responded to nitrogen fertilization for all characteristics evaluated. Leaf proportions were higher than stem proportions, regardless of nitrogen fertilization. There were larger increases in aboveground mass production than root production. The increase in fertilization implied in a shorter interval between the emergence of leaves of BRS Quênia grass, as well as increased number of tillers per plant. As nitrogen fertilization increases, there is a decrease in fertilizer efficiency. Nitrogen fertilization positively influences forage production in Panicum maximum BRS Quênia plants and, independently of nitrogen dosage, the aboveground mass acts as the main nitrogen drain.

The lower lignin content in plants species with energy potential results in easier cellulose breakdown, making glucose available for ethanol generation. However, higher lignin levels can increase resistance to insect attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of a bmr-6 biomass sorghum (a mutant genotype with a lower concentration of lignin) to important pests of energy sorghum, Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate the development of these pests on the biomass sorghum bmr hybrids BR007, BR008, and TX635 and their respective conventional near-isogenic genotypes (without the bmr gene). The lignin content was higher in non-bmr hybrids, but the evaluated insect variables varied between treatments, not being consistent in just one hybrid or because it is bmr or not. The lowest survival of S. frugiperda was observed in the BR008 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr. The S. frugiperda injury scores on plants in the greenhouse were high (>7) in all treatments. For D. saccharalis, there was no difference in larval survival in the laboratory, but in the greenhouse, the BR007 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr, provided greater survival. Due the need to diversify the energy matrix and the fact that greater susceptibility of the bmr hybrids to either pests was not found in this study, these results hold promise for cultivation of these biomass sorghum hybrids for the production of biofuels. Resumo O menor teor de lignina em espécies de plantas com potencial energético resulta na maior facilidade de quebra da celulose, disponibilizando glicose para geração de etanol. Porém, maiores teores de lignina representa um fator de resistência ao ataque de insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar como importantes pragas do sorgo energia, Diatraea saccharalis e Spodoptera frugiperda, se comportam quanto à alimentação e desempenho em sorgo bmr-6, um genótipo mutante com menor concentração de lignina. Foram realizados experimentos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, avaliando o desenvolvimento destas pragas nos híbridos de sorgo biomassa bmr 007, 008, TX635 e seus respectivos genótipos isogênicos convencionais (sem o gene bmr). O teor de lignina foi maior nos híbridos não bmr, mas nos parâmetros avaliados nos insetos, houve variação entre os tratamentos, não sendo consistente em apenas um híbrido e nem por ser ou não bmr. A menor sobrevivência de S. frugiperda foi verificada no híbrido BR008 tanto bmr quanto não bmr. As notas de injúria por S. frugiperda no sorgo em casa de vegetação foram altas (>7) em todos os tratamentos. Para D. saccharalis, não houve diferença significativa para a sobrevivência larval em laboratório, mas em casa de vegetação o híbrido BR007 tanto bmr quanto não bmr proporcionaram maior sobrevivência. Diante da necessidade de diversificar a matriz energética e o fato de que não foi comprovada neste estudo maior suscetibilidade dos híbridos bmr a ambas as pragas, estes resultados são promissores para o cultivo desses híbridos de sorgo biomassa para produção de biocombustíveis.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T00:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cryprotein.pdf: 967620 bytes, checksum: 2788feb1063a9ec6632c14df872b2d03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-10

The objective of this study was to estimate the adaptability and stability of grain sorghum hybrids grown under post-flowering water stress and non-stress conditions. The trials were carried out in Nova Porteirinha-MG during the season of 2014 and 2015, and in Teresina-PI in the 2014 season. Twenty-nine-grain sorghum hybrids were evaluated, in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Plots consisted of four lines with 3 m long. The grain yield data were submitted to the individual variance analysis, having considered the effects of the hybrids as fixed and the other effects as random. The joint analysis was carried out, and when the interaction genotypes x environments was significant, the grain yield data were submitted to the adaptability and stability analysis by the GGE biplot method. A substantial reduction in the grain yield in environments with water stress was found. The highest yielding hybrids under water stress conditions in Nova Porteirinha-MG were 50A50, AG1080, AG1090, DKB550, DKB590, Jade, and BM737, and the highest yielding hybrids under the water stress in Teresina-PI were 1G282, 1G244, and A9721R. Considering all environments, the highest yielding hybrids were 1G282, DKB540, A9721R, 1G100, and AG1090. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-23T00:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Performancegrain.pdf: 1041239 bytes, checksum: 8ccfa98437ab622e9f993a05fe203971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-21

The study of non-target organisms such as mites, can provide information about the possible effects of transgenic maize cultivars on the arthropod community. This study aimed to evaluate the abundance of phytophagous mites in the area of Bt maize and evaluate the instantaneous population growth rate, and food preference of phytophagous mites on Bt maize. We registered the species occurrence and the number of adult mite individuals on four maize cultivars, one non-Bt 30F35, and three containing the proteins Cry1Ab (30F35 Yg), Cry1F (30F35 Hx) and Vip3a (Impacto Viptera). Cry proteins disrupt the midgut epithelium of insect pests. The food preference and instantaneous population growth rate (ri) were evaluated using the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae as model. The species Catarhinus tricholaenae and Aceria zeala were recorded. The Bt maize cultivars did not significantly affect the average number of C. tricholaenae and A. zeala mites compared to conventional cultivar. The population growth rates of T. urticae were similar for the different maize cultivars. T. urticae showed no preference between the leaf of Bt or conventional cultivars. Bt maize did not affect the abundance of species in phytophagous mite. Key words: plant defense, Non-target organisms, Genetically modified organisms Bt protein, Diptilomiopidae, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae. RESUMO: O estudo de organismos não-alvo, tais como ácaros, pode fornecer informações sobre os possíveis efeitos de cultivares de milho transgênico na comunidade de artrópodos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a abundância de ácaros fitófagos na área de milho Bt e avaliar a taxa de crescimento populacional instantânea e preferência alimentar de ácaros fitófagos em milho Bt. Registramos a ocorrência de espécies e número de indivíduos adultos de ácaros em quatro cultivares de milho, um não-Bt 30F35, e três contendo a proteína Cry1Ab (30F35 Yg), Cry1F (30F35 Hx) e VIP3A (Impacto Viptera). A preferência alimentar e taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional foram avaliadas utilizando fêmeas adultas do ácaro-rajado Tetranychus urticae. As espécies Catarhinus tricholaenae e Aceria zeala foram registradas. As cultivares de milho Bt não afetaram significativamente o número médio de ácaros C. tricholaenae e A. zeala em relação ao cultivar convencional. As taxas de crescimento populacional de T. urticae foram similares para os diferentes cultivares. T. urticae não mostrou preferência entre a folha de milho Bt ou cultivares convencionais. Sugere-se, então, que o milho Bt não afeta a abundância de espécies, preferência alimentar e taxa de crescimento de ácaros fitófagos. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-24T00:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Phytophagousmites.pdf: 949697 bytes, checksum: f49937d582bd94401ee54d0aeafdbec2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22

RESUMO - Uma caracteristica importante do sorgo sacarino e o Periodo de Utilizacao Industrial (PUI), necessario para o planejamento da colheita e o processamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estabelecer o PUI de cinco cultivares comerciais de sorgo sacarino visando a producao de etanol na regiao Central de Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com tres repeticoes, num esquema em parcelas subdivididas. Caracteristicas avaliadas: florescimento, producao de massa verde (PMV), solidos soluveis totais (SST), acucares redutores totais (ART), teor de sacarose aparente (POL), acucares totais recuperaveis (ATR), produtividade de etanol por tonelada (PROTE) e PUI. Foram verificadas diferencas entre as duas safras agricolas, cultivares e epocas de colheita para todos os caracteres agronomicos e industriais do sorgo sacarino. A interacao safras x epocas de colheita foi significativa para todos os caracteres. Ja a interacao cultivares x epocas de colheita mostrou-se significativa (P≤0,01) para quase todos os caracteres, exceto PMV. Houve interacao safras x cultivares x epocas de colheita significativa para SST, ART, POL, ATR, e PROTE. No primeiro ano de semeadura, as variedades BRS 511, BRS 508 e BRS 509 apresentaram melhor desempenho agroindustrial visando a producao de etanol quando comparadas com os hibridos XBSW80147 e Sugargraze. As cultivares BRS 511, BRS 508 e BRS 509 apresentaram-se dentro dos limites minimos de qualidade e produtividade estabelecidos na safra 2011/2012. Ja na safra 2012/2013 apenas o BRS 508 apresentou-se dentro de todos os padroes estipulados em razao da ocorrencia de acamamento. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, destacaram-se as variedades BRS 508, BRS509 e BRS511, considerando os caracteres agroindustriais e PUI para a producao de etanol. O melhor periodo de colheita considerando as caracteristicas agroindustriais foi dos 100 aos 130 dias apos o semeio, apresentando pico aos 113. As cultivares avaliadas apresentaram periodos de utilizacao industrial diferentes, com as variedades apresentando PUI superior a 30 dias e os hibridos com PUI inferiores a 20 dias. Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, biocombustiveis, agroindustria. PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL USE OF SWEET SORGHUM VARIETIES AIMING ETHANOL PRODUCTION ABSTRACT - An important parameter of sweet sorghum is the Period of Industrial Utilization (PIU), necessary for industrial management to provide high quality feedstock 24 hours per day during the period of industrial processing. The objective of this study was to establish maturity curves and PIU for five commercial cultivars of sweet sorghum for ethanol production in the Central region of Minas Gerais. A randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot (seven-day harvest intervals) scheme was used during two seasons to determine the following parameters: days to flower, production of fresh biomass (PFB), total soluble solids in the juice (TSS), total sugars (TS), apparent sucrose content (ASC), total recoverable sugars (TRS), ethanol productivity per ton (EPT) and PIU. Differences were found between the two agricultural seasons, cultivars and harvest periods for all the agronomic and industrial traits of sweet sorghum. The yield x harvest period interaction was significant for all parameters evaluated. The interaction cultivar x harvest period was highly significant for all parameters except PFB. There was significant year x cultivars interaction for harvest period for SST, TS, ASC, TRS and EPT. The varieties BRS 511, BRS 508 and BRS 509 showed better agro-industrial performance for producing ethanol compared to sweet sorghum hybrids XBSW80147 and Sugargraze. The varieties BRS 511, BRS 508 and BRS 509 were within the PIU thresholds for quality and productivity in the 2011/2012 season. However, only BRS 508 was within the quality threshold for the 2012/2013 harvest, due to the occurrence of lodging. Based on these results, the varieties BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 can be considered for ethanol production. The best harvesting period considering the agro-industrial characteristics was between 100 and 130 days after planting, with peaking at 113 days. The cultivars showed different periods of industrial use, with the varieties presenting PIU values of more than 30 days and the hybrids with PUI values less than 20 days. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, biofuels, agribusiness.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund The campo rupestre ecosystem is considered an old, climatically buffered, infertile landscape. As a consequence, long-term isolation is thought to have played an important role in the diversification of its biota. Here, we tested for hybridization between two endemic leaf frogs from the campo rupestre. We used sequence markers and coalescent models to verify haplotype sharing between the species, to test the existence and direction of gene flow, and to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene flow. Additionally, ecological niche modelling (ENM) was used to assess for potential co-occurrence by overlapping the climatic niche of these species since the middle Pleistocene. We found haplotype sharing and/or lack of differentiation in four nuclear fragments, one of them associated with introgression. The coalescent models support introgressive hybridization unidirectionally from Pithecopus megacephalus to P. ayeaye, occurring ∼300 kya. ENM corroborates this scenario, revealing areas of potential environmental niche overlap for the species at about 787 kya. These results contradict the expectation of reduced hybridization, while ENM suggests climatic fluctuation rather than stability for the two species. The reduced hybridization hypothesis needs to be further investigated because our results suggest that it may have unrealistic premises at least for animals. Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Laboratorio de Ecologia e Conservação Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Departamento de Genética Evolução Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Laboratório de Fauna e Unidades de Conservação Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Aluminum (Al) toxicity on acid soils adversely affects maize yields, which can be overcome by combining soil amendments with genetic tolerance. In maize, ZmMATE1 confers Al tolerance via Al-activated citrate release, whereby citrate forms non-toxic complexes with Al3+ in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigated Al tolerance mechanisms in maize germplasm originated from Kenya based on quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Five QTLs and four epistatic interactions explained ~51% of the phenotypic variation for Al tolerance. The lack of Al tolerance QTL on chromosome 6 and the much lower expression of ZmMATE1 in both Kenyan lines than in Cateto Al237, which donates the superior allele of ZmMATE1, strongly indicate that this gene does not play a significant role in Al tolerance in neither parent. In turn, maize homologs to genes previously implicated in Al tolerance in other species, ZmNrat1, ZmMATE3, ZmWRKY and ZmART1, co-localized with Al tolerance QTL and were more highly expressed in the parent that donate favorable QTL alleles. However, these candidate genes will require further studies for functional validation on maize Al tolerance. The existence of Al tolerance mechanisms independent from ZmMATE1 suggests it is possible to develop highly Al tolerant cultivars by pyramiding complementary Al tolerance genes in maize.

This study aimed to develop and characterize the nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory properties of different cream cheese formulations added with raw or extruded BRS305 sorghum flours (SF) with brown pericarp and tannins. Five formulations were elaborated: (F0) cream cheese without SF (control); (RF1%) cream cheese with 1% of raw SF; (RF2%) cream cheese with 2% of raw SF; (EF1%) cream cheese with 1% of extruded SF; (EF2%) cream cheese with 2% extruded SF. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) concerning color among treatments, and the EF2% formulation was the darkest colored. Samples containing SF had higher protein and lower fat contents than the control. The antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and condensed tannins contents were higher in RF2% and EF2%. The EF2% and RF2% samples showed the highest values for firmness (p < 0.05). The sensory parameters aroma and spreadability were not different (p > 0.05) among the products. Regarding flavor, overall impression, and purchase intention, the samples added with raw flour presented the best results, demonstrating that the presence of SF, did not influence the acceptance of the cream cheese. Therefore, adding raw or extruded BRS305 SF in cream cheese might be a nutritionally, technologically, and viable sensorial option. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-09T19:00:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tannin-sorghum.pdf: 1480433 bytes, checksum: 0b16e8a6b49767a4221c3bd3c8e27a13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T16:59:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Pro-reitoria de Pesquisa e Pos-graduacao from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais In experiments with selection of perennial plants, the initial performance is expected to be maintained throughout the productive life. The probability of repeating the agronomic response can be evaluated by the repeatability coefficient. The objective was to estimate repeatability coefficients of agronomic characteristics in Panicum maximum Jacq. using different methods and identify the best combinations between harvests according to the genotypic stabilization. Seventeen genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The coefficients of repeatability were estimated by the methods: ANOVA, structural analysis based on the mean of the correlation coefficients (SACOR), analysis of principal components based on the covariance matrix (PCCOV) and correlation matrix (PCCOR). In the genotypic stabilization, coefficients estimated by ANOVA and PCCOR were used. For total DM, repeatability coefficients ranged from 0.3500 to 0.4300 by the ANOVA and PCCOR methods, respectively. High repeatability coefficients were found for the characteristic leaf DM, while low coefficients were observed for leaf and stem percentages and leaf:stem ratio. For the genotypic stabilization of total DM and leaf:stem ratio, the best coefficients were observed for the combination of harvests 5 to 8. There are variations in the estimate of repeatability by different methods and the highest coefficients were those of the principal components based on the correlation and covariance matrices. For the genotypic stabilization, the best coefficients of repeatability and determination were observed for the harvests performed in the second rainy period. Univ Estadual Paulista, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Ave Visconde do Rio Preto S-N, Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Ave Univ 1000, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Praca Primavera 40, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil Embrapa Gado Corte, Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Av Padua Dias 11,Cx Postal 9, Piracieaba, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 Km 583,5000 Alto Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) It remains unknown whether dairy cows with more reactive temperament produce more enteric methane (CH4) and are less bioenergetically efficient than the calmer ones. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate the relationship between cattle temperament assessed by traditionally used tests with energetic metabolism and enteric CH4 emissions by crossbred dairy cows; (b) to assess how cows’ restlessness in respiration chambers affects energetic metabolism and enteric CH4 emissions. Temperament indicators were evaluated for 28 primiparous F1 Holstein-Gyr cows tested singly in the handling corral (entrance time, crush score, flight speed, and flight distance) and during milking (steps, kicks, defecation, rumination, and kick the milking cluster off). Cows’ behaviors within respiration chambers were also recorded for each individual kept singly. Digestibility and calorimetry trials were performed to obtain energy partitioning and CH4 measures. Cows with more reactive temperament in milking (the ones that kicked the milking cluster off more frequently) spent 25.24% less net energy on lactation (P = 0.04) and emitted 36.77% more enteric CH4/kg of milk (P = 0.03). Furthermore, cows that showed a higher frequency of rumination at milking parlor allocated 57.93% more net energy for milk production (P < 0.01), spent 50.00% more metabolizable energy for milk production (P < 0.01) and 37.10% less CH4/kg of milk (P = 0.04). Regarding the handling temperament, most reactive cows according to flight speed, lost 29.16% less energy as urine (P = 0.05) and tended to have 14.30% more enteric CH4 production (P = 0.08), as well as cows with a lower entrance time (most reactive) that also lost 13.29% more energy as enteric CH4 (P = 0.04). Temperament and restless behavior of Holstein-Gyr cows were related to metabolic efficiency and enteric CH4 emissions. Cows’ reactivity and rumination in the milking parlor, in addition to flight speed and entrance time in the squeeze chute during handling in the corral, could be useful measures to predict animals more prone to metabolic inefficiency, which could negatively affect the sustainability of dairy systems. Nucleus of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Welfare (NEBEA) Department of Zoology Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Juiz de Fora Postgraduation Program in Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Federal University of Juiz de Fora Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa Dairy Cattle Department of Bioengineering Federal University of São João Del Rei Group of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Ecology Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq Researcher Group of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Ecology Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

One of the major problems in the present scenario is the effect of climate changes and their consequences to the agriculture, mainly due to decreasing water availability. Water restriction is a limiting factor on plants growth, and it can lead to morphophysiological modifications as well as alterations in the plant?s development. Sorghum is a grass widely utilized in agriculture due to its outstanding characteristic of drought resistance, which is higher than the other grasses, therefore being the fifth most sowed grain in the world. The inoculation of growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plants can promote growth and remodel its root system, decreasing the impacts of water restriction. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in mitigating the water restriction effects in the grain sorghum BRS 332 subjected to two different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Our experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under monitored conditions of temperature and moisture. Plants were treated with two distinct irrigation conditions, two A. brasilense inoculants, one treatment without inoculation, and two levels of nitrogen fertilization (high and low nitrogen fertilization). It was evaluated the differences in their ecophysiological and crop production characteristics. The results showed that plants subjected to drought and associated to rhizobacteria invested in shoot parts, which provided this hybrid higher efficiency between water absorption and loss, and consequently higher stomata efficiency during drought when compared to the control treatment. There was also an increment in the production of the grains, particularly flagrant under lower doses of nitrogen, minimizing the effects caused by drought and decreasing the need to utilize fertilizers. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-05T13:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azospirillum-brasilense.pdf: 712792 bytes, checksum: 071fadee110eac01d6f35cd0b66bd295 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The main objective of this study was to characterize the toxicity and genetic divergence of 18 Bacillus thuringiensis strains in the biological control of Spodoptera eridania . Bacterial suspensions were added to the S. eridania diet. Half of the selected B. thuringiensis strains caused high mortality seven days after infection. The genetic divergence of B. thuringiensis strains was assessed based on Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (REP) sequences, and five phylogenetic groups were formed. Despite their genetic diversity B. thuringiensis strains did not show any correlation between the collection sites and toxicity to larvae. Some B. thuringiensis strains are highly toxic to S. eridania, thus highlighting the potential of their endotoxins as biopesticides. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-24T18:15:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Molecularcharacterization.pdf: 1710147 bytes, checksum: 97496a069d958bd447d0de28d1e7209b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Our objective was to compare herbage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster managed under pre-grazing canopy light interception (LI) targets of 90%, 95% and 100% in silvopastoral system (SPS) and 95% in open pasture (OP; U. decumbens under full sunlight) to establish a pre-grazing target for SPS of ~43% shade. The evaluations were made during two rainy seasons and one dry season. The total herbage accumulation in SPS was lower than in OP at all LI targets and seasons. However, the difference in total herbage accumulation between SPS and OP was reduced when SPS was harvested at 95% LI, with reductions of 20% and 28% in both rainy seasons (12,191 × 15,324 kg DM/ha and 11,158 × 15,424 kg DM/ha respectively). Moreover, under 95% LI in SPS, crude protein concentration was 18% and 19% greater than that in OP in both rainy seasons (155 × 131 g/kg DM and 144 × 121 g/kg DM respectively), thus representing the optimal pre-grazing LI target for U. decumbens in SPS. In addition, a canopy height of 20 cm was necessary for 95% LI in OP and a height of 40 cm in SPS. Therefore, U. decumbens should be grazed at 40 cm canopy height, in SPS with ~43% shade to keep 95% LI as the target. However, this target will only be effective if the shade level is maintained, which will reduce height variation over time. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-26T02:02:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grazing-management.pdf: 1544913 bytes, checksum: 30a40f16f786643001a461fc8bfc4a59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 The Fiocruz Mata Atlantica Campus (CFMA) represents one of the main urban growth fronts in Rio de Janeiro city. The present study evaluates the environment associated with the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in dogs and of toxoplasmosis in cats and production poultry belonging to the residents of the CFMA. Blood samples obtained by the census were used to assess frequency of positivity through serological assays. The proportion of seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and CVL were respectively 37.2%, 6.2% and 1.2%. The association with the environment had different results depending on the infection. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis was significantly lower (P=0.03) in dogs from anthropized areas (3%), but this was the only region with cases of leishmaniasis. For toxoplasmosis, there was a higher seroprevalence (50%) in rural scenarios. In cats, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 32.1% and in poultry, it was 18.1%. The seroprevalence in these animals were similar in the studied environments. The results demonstrate the occurrence of Leishmania sp., Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. in dogs, cats, hens and ducks living in anthropic environments of the Atlantic Forest, in Rio de Janeiro city, being possible to correlate this occurrence between these domestic animal species and the living environment. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Campus Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (CFMA) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Carlos Chagas Laboratório de Biologia Celular Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública

Little is known about the effects of genetically modified corn plants on the foraging of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Therefore, this study examines whether singular herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant plants and their stacked events interfere with food reference and oviposition of S. frugiperda. Two non-Bt corn hybrids and three Bt-hybrids, some of them with glyphosate tolerance (GT), were evaluated. Food preference of larvae and biological parameters were assessed. Oviposition preference bioassays involved choice and no choice condition in plants uninfested and previously infested by larvae in a greenhouse and in the field. The results indicate that there is no relationship between preference of larvae and adult moths. Adult females selected preferentially transgenic hybrids, while larvae selected non-Bt hybrid. Fall armyworm larvae avoid Bttoxin-expressing leaf tissues, survived only on the non-Bt leaf tissues, and showed minor differences in other life-history traits reared on GT and non-transgenic corn leaf tissues. Female moths showed preference for transgenic plants to lay eggs, but with variable output between previously infested and uninfested plants with larvae. The fact that moths preferred Ag 3700RR2 and non-Bt hybrids for oviposition supports the refuge?s strategy aiming at producing susceptible individuals. The use of this hybrid must be integrated with a program of control. The results showed also the importance of correct hybrid selection as part of insect resistance management to Bt-plants. The implications of these findings for understanding the impacts of plant-mediated cues on pest behavior in transgenic crop systems are discussed. Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-15T00:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doessingular.pdf: 689061 bytes, checksum: d9d9bab21407bcb83c37172244a3ec00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The use of sorghum in human nutrition has been expanded due to its nutritional composition and its functional potential. Extrusion has been used to improve the quality of sorghum. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of extrusion in the nutritional composition, phenolic compounds content of two sorghum, and characterize the profile of chemical constituents by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). Extrusion increased the carbohydrate and fiber contents and reduced moisture, lipids and ashes, and enabling a higher degree of liberation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The fingerprint obtained in both ionization modes had been influenced by extrusion, allowing for a greater compounds? identification on the extruded samples. The analysis of sorghum samples? main components made distinguishing of the main constituents possible, as well as highlighted the extrusion effect and the influence of the genotypes. This study demonstrated that extrusion enabling a higher liberation of phenolic compounds, which were identified by the PS-MS technique. Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-15T00:59:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Studythermoplastic.pdf: 4002795 bytes, checksum: 4b6c3051222517e8eab28a1189b874a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Outra Agência The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the antioxidant characteristics and sensory acceptance of Greek yogurt with added whole sorghum flours (WSF) from genotypes BRS305 (tannin) and BR501 (tannin-free). Five formulations were elaborated: 1) Control (without WSF); 2) 2% BR501; 3) 4% BR501; 4) 2% BRS305 and 5) 4% BRS305 and evaluated for antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanins, total phenols, condensed tannins, sensory acceptance and purchase intention. The 4% BRS305 formulation presented higher antioxidant properties, but lower sensory acceptance. No significant difference was observed for: color, flavor and overall acceptability between the control and 2% BR501; nor for texture and overall acceptability between the control and 4% BR501. Principal component analysis explained that all variables associated with antioxidant properties were positively correlated with the first major component (PC1: 82.7%). The 2% and 4% BR501 formulations were more highly correlated with PC1 (92.7%), as well as the control in relation to sensorial characteristics. The addition of WSF BRS305 improved the antioxidant properties of yogurts and the addition of WSF BR501 did not interfere with the sensory acceptance of the formulations. The similarity of the sensory acceptance of the yogurt containing WSF from the BR 501 genotype to the control, opens perspectives for the insertion of sorghum in human food, using dairy products as suitable matrices, adding potential functionality to this type of product. El trabajo tuvo como propósito desarrollar y evaluar las características antioxidantes y la aceptación sensorial de yogurt griego con adición de harinas integrales de sorgo (HIS) de los genotipos BRS305 (con taninos) y BR501 (sin taninos). Cinco formulaciones fueron elaboradas: 1) Control (sin HIS); 2) 2% BR501; 3) 4% BR501; 4) 2% BRS305 y 5) 4% BRS305. Las formulaciones fueron evaluadas en función de su actividad antioxidante, antocianinas totales, fenólicos totales, taninos condensados, aceptación sensorial e intención de compra. La formulación 4% BRS305 presentó más propiedades antioxidantes, pero menor aceptación sensorial que las otras formulaciones. No se observó diferencia significativa entre el control y el 2% BR501 para el color, sabor e impresión global, ni tampoco para textura e impresión global en relación al 4% BR501. El análisis de componente principal ha explicado que todas las variables asociadas a las propiedades antioxidantes han sido positivamente correlacionadas con el primer componente principal (PC1: 82,7%). Las formulaciones 2% y 4% BR501 se han correlacionado más con el PC1 (92,7%), así como el control con las características sensoriales. La adición de HIS BRS305 ha mejorado las propiedades antioxidantes de los yogurts y la adición de HIS BR501 no ha interferido en la aceptación sensorial de las formulaciones. La similitud de la aceptación sensorial del yogurt que contiene el HIS del genotipo BR501 con el control, abre perspectivas para la inserción del sorgo en la alimentación humana, utilizando productos lácteos como matrices adecuadas, agregando funcionalidad potencial a este tipo de producto.

This study evaluated the effects of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cultivars of sweet and biomass sorghum for the selection of resistant cultivars. The present work consisted of two trials, with natural pest infestation. In the first one, 10 sweet sorghum cultivars were analyzed for the following variables: plant height, number of healthy and damaged internodes, gallery position and size, stem infestation level and soluble solids content (°Brix). In the second trial, it was analyzed 16 genotypes of high biomass sorghum, with the same variables above mentioned, in addition to the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents. Among sweet sorghum genotypes evaluated, the genotype CMSXS647 stood out due to the traits: plant height, infestation level, gallery size and soluble solids content. Among the sorghum genotypes evaluated, CMSXS7030, CMSXS7012 and CMSXS7028 presented ideal characteristics for infestation level, plant height and number of lignocellulosic compounds. Such information, in addition to supporting the bioenergy sorghum breeding program, will assist in integrated pest management for sorghum cultivation. Foram estudados os efeitos causados pela broca-do-colmo Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), em cultivares de sorgo sacarino e biomassa visando seleção de cultivares resistentes à praga. O presente trabalho foi constituído de dois ensaios, com infestação natural da praga. No primeiro, 10 cultivares de sorgo sacarino foram analisadas quanto às seguintes variáveis: altura das plantas, quantidade de internódios sadios e com injúrias, posição e tamanho da galeria, intensidade de infestação de colmos e teor de sólidos solúveis (°Brix). No segundo ensaio, foram analisados 16 genótipos de sorgo biomassa, com as mesmas variáveis supracitadas, além dos teores de lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. Entre os genótipos de sorgo sacarino avaliados, o genótipo CMSXS647 foi o que se destacou em função das características: altura de plantas, intensidade de infestação, tamanho de galerias e teor de sólidos solúveis. Entre os genótipos de sorgo biomassa avaliados: CMSXS7030, CMSXS7012 e CMSXS7028 apresentaram características ideais para intensidade de infestação, altura de plantas e quantidade de compostos lignocelulósico. Tais informações, além de prover o programa de melhoramento de sorgo energia podem ajudar o programa de MIP para a cultura do sorgo, uma vez que o produtor conhece a suscetibilidade dos materiais escolhidos.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Currently no effective treatment is available to combat infections caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in livestock. Survival of this Gram-positive bacterium in rapidly-growing pathogens in hostile environments is strongly dependent on the existence of a robust DNA repair system to prevent DNA mutations and contribute to bacterial colonization and virulence. The adenine/guanine-specific DNA glycosylase (MutY) is evolutionarily conserved and has been well characterized due to its central role in the prevention of mutagenesis and DNA repair. The aim of this study was the characterization of the target protein interaction with free adenine, suramin, and heparin, as well as the binding competition characterization between the molecules. The dissociation constant for free adenine interaction with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis MutY (Cp-MutY) was determined, 86 ± 2.5 μM. NMR competition experiments demonstrated, that the polyanions heparin and suramin compete with adenine for the protein active site. The determined dissociation constant for the heparin/Cp-MutY interaction was 5.9 ± 1.0 μM and for suramin was 16 ± 1.5 μM. Docking of both polyanions with Cp-MutY revealed a possible mode of interaction and indicates that these molecules can interfere with the protein interaction with damaged DNA or prevent the binding of the adenine base in the enzyme active site. Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation Department of Physics Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Física e Biofísica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -UNESP Laboratory of Molecular Biology Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (CCO), Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av, Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, CP 486, CEP 31 Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation Department of Physics Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Física e Biofísica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -UNESP FAPESP: 2009/53989-4 FAPESP: 2015/13765-0 FAPESP: 2015/18868-2 FAPESP: 2016/08104-8 FAPESP: 2016/12904-0 CNPq: 307338/2014-2 CNPq: 401270/2014-9 CNPq: 435913/2016-6

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T07:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-09 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas WWF International Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Large terrestrial carnivores have undergone some of the largest population declines and range reductions of any species, which is of concern as they can have large effects on ecosystem dynamics and function.1–4 The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the apex predator throughout the majority of the Neotropics; however, its distribution has been reduced by >50% and it survives in increasingly isolated populations.5 Consequently, the range-wide management of the jaguar depends upon maintaining core populations connected through multi-national, transboundary cooperation, which requires understanding the movement ecology and space use of jaguars throughout their range.6–8 Using GPS telemetry data for 111 jaguars from 13 ecoregions within the four biomes that constitute the majority of jaguar habitat, we examined the landscape-level environmental and anthropogenic factors related to jaguar home range size and movement parameters. Home range size decreased with increasing net productivity and forest cover and increased with increasing road density. Speed decreased with increasing forest cover with no sexual differences, while males had more directional movements, but tortuosity in movements was not related to any landscape factors. We demonstrated a synergistic relationship between landscape-scale environmental and anthropogenic factors and jaguars’ spatial needs, which has applications to the conservation strategy for the species throughout the Neotropics. Using large-scale collaboration, we overcame limitations from small sample sizes typical in large carnivore research to provide a mechanism to evaluate habitat quality for jaguars and an inferential modeling framework adaptable to the conservation of other large terrestrial carnivores. Asociación Guyra Paraguay and CONACYT Parque Ecológico Asunción Verde Insituto Saite Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC Instituto Pró-Carnívoros Department of Animal Nutrition and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321 Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones and CONICET Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya Bioconciencia A.C. School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Faro Moro Eco Research Estancia Faro Moro Departamento de Boquerón Instituto Onça Pintada Estacao Ecológica Taiamã Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Associação Onçafari Rua Ferreira de Araújo, 221, Cj.14, Sala 4, Pinheiros Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor Instituto SOS Pantanal, R. Gutemberg, 328 Centro Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and CONACyT Ciudad Universitaria Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts, Amherst Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Instituto Literario 100 Col. Centro C.P. Instituto de Biologia Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos LEMA Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Primero Conservation, Box 1588 Namá Conservation Rescate Animal Zooave Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza, Apdo Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Instituto Onças do Rio Negro Fazenda Barranco Alto Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa Instituto de Defesa e Preservação dos Felídeos Brasileiros SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry Wildlife Biology Program W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina Wildlife Protection Solutions, 2501 Welton Street San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road Universidade Federal de São João del Rei Departamento de Ciências Naturais Laboratório de Ecologia Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada Universidade de São Paulo ESALQ/CENA Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Centro de Zoología Aplicada Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal IDEA Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical ANLIS Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás do Brasil Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC FAPESP: 2014/24921-0 FAPESP: 2018/13037–3 FAPESP: 2018/24891-5

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 We evaluated the role of Quaternary climatic fluctuations on the demographic history and population structure of amphibian species endemic to the ‘campo rupestre’ in the Neotropics, evaluating their distributional shifts, demographic changes, and lineage formation from the end of Pleistocene to present. We chose two anurans endemic to the high-elevation ‘campo rupestre’ in the Espinhaço Range (ER) in northeastern and southeastern Brazil (Bokermannohyla alvarengai and Bokermannohyla oxente), as models to test the role of Quaternary climatic fluctuations over their distribution range in this region. We collected tissue samples throughout their distribution range and used statistical phylogeography to examine processes of divergence and population demography. We generated spatial–temporal reconstructions using Bayesian inference in a coalescent framework in combination with hind-cast projections of species distribution models (SDMs). We also used the results and literature information to test alternative diversification scenarios via approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Our results show that Quaternary climatic fluctuations influenced the geographic ranges of both species showing population expansion during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and range contraction during interglacial periods, as inferred from selected ABC models and from past projections of SDMs. We recovered Pleistocene diversification for both species occuring in distinctly unique periods for each taxon. An older and range-restricted lineage was recovered in a geographically isolated geological massif, deserving conservation and further taxonomic study. The diversification and distribution of these amphibian species endemic to the Neotropical ‘campo rupestre’ were influenced by Quaternary climatic fluctuations. The expansion of cold adapted species restricted to higher elevations during glacial periods and their concomitant retraction during interglacial periods may have been crucial for producing patterns of species richness and endemism along elevation gradients in tropical and subtropical domains. Such processes may influence the evolution of the biota distributed in heterogeneous landscapes with varied topography. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Department of Herpetology American Museum of Natural History Herpetology Section Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Instituto Federal Goiano – IF Goiano Departamento de Biologia Departamento de Ciências Naturais Campus Dom Bosco Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei Laboratório Sagarana Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Rutgers University - Newark Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Campus Rio Claro Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Campus Rio Claro

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:03:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Crossodactylodes is a poorly known genus of small-sized bromeligenous frogs, endemic to Brazil. They have a patchy distribution across the mountains of the Atlantic Forest and the campo rupestre ecosystem. To better resolve their evolutionary relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses using a multigene DNA matrix and representative sampling within the genus. We then evaluated the evolution of phenotypical and natural history traits with the inferred phylogeny. We recovered Crossodactylodes as monophyletic, diagnosed by seven putative synapomorphies in morphological and natural history characters. Evidence supports some morphological synapomorphies as adaptations to the bromeligenous habit. We found high genetic distances among closely distributed lineages within C. bokermanni and C. izecksohni. Some of these lineages might represent undescribed cryptic species. We provide detailed accounts for each species including data on their geographic range, conservation, and natural history. All species of Crossodactylodes occur in highly threatened environments, are restricted to very small geographic ranges, and probably have limited dispersal capacity due to their small body size and dependence on bromeliads. These factors emphasize the need for habitat protection to safeguard species viability. Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Caixa Postal 199 Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei Projeto Bromeligenous Instituto Marcos Daniel Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Do Estado de Mato Grosso Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Sagarana Lab Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Florestal Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Caixa Postal 199 Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Caixa Postal 199 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Caixa Postal 199

International audience; Phenological asynchrony between fruit crops and pests consists of a discrepancy between the period of fruit susceptibility and that of high pest abundance in the orchards. Therefore, it may be used for reducing pesticide applications. We assayed the potential phenological asynchrony between peach cultivars with different growing cycles and the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae). To this end, we assessed fruit infestation by A. fraterculus at harvest for one growing season (2012-2013) in early, average and late maturing peach cultivars. Moreover, the fruit infestation was checked for non-cultivated native and non-cultivated wild exotic plant hosts around the peach orchards of the experimental area during 2013 and 2014. In addition, we monitored A. fraterculus abundance weekly during three consecutive growing seasons, S1 (2011-2012), S2 (2012-2013) and S3 (2013-2014), to assess phenological asynchrony between peach cultivars and A. fraterculus. In particular, we checked the influence of meteorological variables on A. fraterculus abundance, and tested if A. fraterculus abundance at the time when fruits are susceptible differed among cultivars. Eventually we discuss the possibility of sustainable management of peach in southern Brazil. This study constitutes a first assessment of the periods of crop vulnerability and pest presence in peach orchards in South of Brazil and provides necessary information for taking advantage of the phenological asynchrony phenomenon for this pest-crop association.

A broad panel of tens of thousands of microsatellite loci is unveiled for an endangered piracema (i.e. migratory) South American fish, Brycon orbignyanus. Once one of the main fisheries resources in the Platine Basin, it is now almost extinct in nature and focus of intense aquaculture activity. A total of 178.2 million paired-end reads (90 bases long) were obtained through the use of sequencing-by-synthesis (from a primary genomic library of 500 bp DNA fragments) and is made available through NCBI’s Sequence Read Archive, SRA accession SRX3350440. Short reads were assembled de novo and screening for perfect microsatellite motifs revealed more than 81 thousands unique microsatellite loci, for which primer pairs were proposed. A total of 29 polymorphic microsatellite markers were already previously validated for this panel. A partial genomic assembly is hereby presented and these genomic resources are publicly made available. These data will foster the rapid development of hundreds of new DNA markers for genetic diversity studies, conservation initiatives and management practices for this important and depleted species. The availability of such preliminary genomic data will also be of use in the areas of bioinformatics, ecology, genetics and evolution.

RESUMO - O controle de plantas daninhas de forma agroecologica se faz necessario uma vez que os herbicidas sao hoje uma das maiores causas de contaminacao do homem e do ambiente. Este estudo objetivou identificacao e quantificacao de sorgoleone a partir de tres genotipos de sorgo e a avaliacao da acao desses extratos na germinacao de sementes de milho, corda-de-viola e alface. A obtencao dos extratos utilizados foi a partir de 200 raizes/genotipo. A quantificacao dos extratos foi realizada por LC-MS/MS. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinacao e o indice de velocidade de germinacao de sementes de milho, corda-de-viola e alface. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados, com tres repeticoes por 7 dias no escuro. Nao ha relacao direta entre a producao de massa de extrato e a quantidade de sorgoleone produzido. A producao total de extratos a partir de raizes de plântulas de sorgo e a concentracao de sorgololeone no tecido celular sao variaveis entre genotipos de sorgo. Extratos com sorgoleone nao afetaram a germinacao e o indice de velocidade de germinacao de sementes de milho. Apenas o indice de velocidade de germinacao de sementes de alface foi alterado pelos extratos de sorgo. A germinacao e o indice de velocidade de germinacao da especie corda-de-viola sao afetados por extratos com sorgoleone. Palavras-chave: efeito alelopatico, exsudato radicular, sorgoleone. SORGHUM EXTRACTS ACTION IN CORN SEED GERMINATION, LETTUCE AND MORNING GLORY ( Ipomoea sp.) ABSTRACT - An agroecological weed control is desired once nowadays herbicides are the major causes of contamination of the environment. This work describes the identification and quantification of sorgoleone (SGL) from three sorghum genotypes. The activity of these extracts on the germination of maize, morning glory ( Ipomoea sp.) and lettuce seeds was availed. The extracts were obtained from 200 roots/genotype. The quantification was done by LC-MS/MS procedure. The germination percentage (%G) and germination rate index (IVG) contents of maize, morning glory and lettuce seeds were evaluated, and the treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with three replicates for 7 days in the dark. There is no direct relationship between the mass production of extract and the amount of SGL produced. The total yield of extracts from sorghum seedlings roots, and the concentration of SGL in the cell tissue are variable among sorghum genotypes. Extracts with sorgoleone did not affect the germination and IVG of corn seeds. Only the IVG of lettuce seeds was altered by sorghum extracts. The germination and IVG of the morning glory species are affected by extracts with SGL. Keywords: allelopathic effect, root exudates, sorgoleone.

Introducing cultivars of high productive potential with adequate agronomic management has contributed to the increase of maize yield in Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the extraction and exportation of micronutrients by modern maize hybrids grown in no-tillage system in the Cerrado region (Brazilian Savannah) with two fertilization levels. We established two crop environments with differentiated levels of soil fertilization, use of products for seed treatment and leaf fertilization, in which four transgenic hybrids were grown. For each environment, we used an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replicates. There were eleven plant samplings during the crop cycle to quantify dry mass production and Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn extraction. Micronutrient uptake is increased when a hybrid with higher potential for biomass production grows in an environment with greater supply of nutrients. Uptake persists throughout the maize cycle, including during the final stages of the reproductive phase, showing late demand for the crop. On average, after tasseling, about 39, 50, 42, and 49% of the total Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn absorption still occurs, respectively. Total uptake of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn are, respectively, around 8, 199, 58 and 40 g to produce a tonne of grain, from which 23, 5, 8, and 42% are exported by the harvest. Micronutrient uptake and exportation rates for the studied transgenic hybrids are lower than the ones previously reported in Brazil and in works abroad. Keywords Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-12T23:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uptakeexportation.pdf: 658811 bytes, checksum: 33b9a7e9300c8f4d5310d6f4fd158ea7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-11

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nutritional plans and breed composition on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of dairy heifers in tropical conditions. Thirty-six heifers - 12 Holstein, 12 Gyr, and 12 Gyrolando F1 (½ Holstein × ½ Gyr) - were housed in a tie-stall system and randomly distributed, adopting a completely randomized design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement (nutritional plans and breed composition). The diets were formulated to enable weight gains of 200, 400, and 800 g per day, corresponding to the nutritional plans 11, 14, and 19 g kg-1 body weight (BW), respectively. The intake of dry matter, fibrous fractions (g kg-1 BW-0.75), and metabolizable energy (kcal-1 BW-0.75) in the 11-g kg-1 plan were greater for Gyr heifers than for Gyrolando and Holstein heifers. Ether extract digestibility was 13.85% higher for Gyr heifers compared with Gyrolando F1 in the 19-g kg-1 plan. The increase in the nutritional plans shows a quadratic response to nutrient intake and a linear response to average daily gain, but does not affect the digestibility coefficients. Gyr and Gyrolando F1 heifers present similar nutritional efficiency to that of Holstein heifers. RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do plano alimentar e do grupo racial sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o balanço de nitrogênio e o desempenho de novilhas leiteiras em condições tropicais. Trinta e seis novilhas - 12 Holandês, 12 Gir e 12 Girolando F1 (½ Holandês × ½ Gir) - foram alojadas em sistema ?tie-stall? e distribuídas aleatoriamente, tendo-se adotado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x3 (planos alimentares e grupos raciais). As dietas foram formuladas para possibilitar ganhos de peso de 200, 400 e 800 g por dia, correspondentes aos planos alimentares de 11, 14 e 19 g kg-1 de peso corporal (PC), respectivamente. As novilhas Gir dentro do plano de 11 g kg-1 consumiram mais matéria seca, fração fibrosa (g kg-1 de PC-0,75) e energia metabolizável (kcal de PC-0,75) do que as novilhas Girolando e Holandês. A digestibilidade do extrato etéreo foi 13,85% superior para as novilhas Gir, em comparação às Girolando F1 no plano de 19 g kg-1. O aumento do plano nutricional tem efeito quadrático no consumo de nutrientes e linear no ganho de peso médio diário, mas não influencia o coeficiente de digestibilidade. Novilhas Gir leiteiras e Girolando F1 apresentam eficiência nutricional semelhante à das novilhas Holandês. Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-22T23:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArtigoPABSamariniNutritional.pdf: 359355 bytes, checksum: 52db9c0c19265c445d439ff0d7535ee1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-20 Título em português: Planos alimentares no consumo, na digestibilidade e no desempenho de novilhas leiteiras de distintos grupos raciais.

RESUMO A fasciolose é uma doença parasitária causada por trematódeo do gênero Fasciola sp., que pode ocasionar fibrose hepática. Objetivou-se caracterizar o imunofenótipo das células que participam da fibrogênese de fígados bovinos frente à infecção por F. hepatica. Foram utilizados fragmentos dos lobos direito e esquerdo de 74 fígados bovinos com fasciolose. Os fragmentos foram submetidos a processamento histológico, coloração com tricrômico de Masson e imuno-histoquímica. Utilizaram-se análise estatística descritiva e teste de correlação de Spearmann com 5% de probabilidade. Na classificação do grau de fibrose, observou-se prevalência do grau 1, com associação positiva e significativa entre o grau de fibrose e o lobo hepático esquerdo (ρ=0,41; P0,05). Concluiu-se que as células CEH e os MFs participam da fibrogênese de fígados bovinos com fasciolose crônica. ABSTRACT Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease caused by a fluke of the genus Fasciola sp., which can lead to end liver fibrosis. This study aimed to characterize the immunophenotype of cells that participate in the fibrogenesis of livers of cattle that face infection by F. hepatica. Fragments of the right and left lobes of 74 cattle livers with fascioliasis were used. The fragments were subjected to histological analysis, Masson's trichrome special stain, and immunohistochemistry. A descriptive statistical analysis was used, with a 5% probability in Spearman correlation test. The classification of degree of fibrosis revealed prevalence of grade 1, with a positive and significant association between the degree of fibrosis and the left hepatic lobe (ρ = 0.41; p 0.05). HSCs and MFs were concluded to play a role in the fibrogenesis of cattle livers with chronic fascioliasis.

Given the importance of selecting lines to obtain hybrids, we aimed to verify the relationship between morphological traits that can be used as the criteria for the selection of sorghum lines with high grain yield and earliness. A total of 18 traits were evaluated in 160 sorghum elite lines, in an incomplete block design with two replicates. A correlation network was used to graphically express the estimates of phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the traits. Two path analyses were processed, the first considering grain yield and the second considering flowering as the principle dependent variable. In general, most of the variation in the grain yield and flowering of sorghum lines was explained by the traits evaluated. Selecting sorghum lines with greater width of the third leaf blade from flag leaf, panicle weight, and panicle harvest index might lead to increased grain yield, and selecting sorghum genotypes with higher plant height might lead to reduced earliness and increased grain yield. Thus, the results suggest the establishment of selection indices aiming at simultaneously increasing the grain yield and earliness in sorghum genotypes. Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T23:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Contributionmorphoagronomic.pdf: 680040 bytes, checksum: 9e4eeb4e14d3f87e73c4cc5c273bf547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-17

In the present study, we demonstrated the in vitro activity of endophytic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Fifty-five endophytic PSB that were isolated from sap, leaves, and roots of maize were tested for their ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate and produce organic acid. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA-encoding gene showed that the isolates were from the genus Bacillus and different species of Enterobacteriaceae. The phosphate solubilization index on solid medium and phosphate solubilization in liquid medium varied significantly among the isolates. There was a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) for both, the values of phosphate-solubilizing activity and pH of the growth medium, among the isolates. Pearson correlation was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) between P-solubilization and pH (R = -0.38), and between the gluconic acid production and the lowering of the pH of the liquid medium at 6 (R = 0.28) and 9 days (R = 0.39). Gluconic acid production was prevalent in all the PSB studied, and Bacillus species were most efficient in solubilizing phosphate. This is the first report on the characterization of bacterial endophytes from maize and their use as potential biofertilizers. In addition, this may provide an alternative strategy for improving the phosphorus acquisition efficiency of crop plants in tropical soils.

International audience; In South America, visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease with severe evolution characteristics in humans, and dogs are its main reservoir. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical status of dogs from a Brazilian endemic area naturally, at Barra Mansa municipality, infected with Leishmania infantum, in conjunction with their histopathological profile and, in order to determine possible markers of susceptibility or resistance to the disease, parasitic DNA load, cytokine and iNOS mRNA expression profiles were investigated in lymph nodes. High levels of IFN-ɣ and IL-6 mRNA were detected. Both IFN-ɣ and IL-6 mRNA were associated with disorganization of the corticomedullary region. IFN-ɣ and TNF-α mRNA were associated with the absence of follicular hyperplasia. The regulatory pathway was remarkable with IL-10 mRNA detection and its significant association with the severity of the disease. Plasmacytosis and sinus histiocytosis were associated with high loads of parasitic DNA, but there was no significant association between the parasite DNA load and animal clinical alterations. Since high parasitic loads were found in animals with or without symptoms, clinical examination cannot be considered as a criterion for disease susceptibility assessment.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1679-62252011000100012.pdf: 3088912 bytes, checksum: d630120be866c5bd00ae378f725df41e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1679-62252011000100012.pdf: 3088912 bytes, checksum: d630120be866c5bd00ae378f725df41e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:48:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252011000100012.pdf: 3088912 bytes, checksum: d630120be866c5bd00ae378f725df41e (MD5) S1679-62252011000100012.pdf.txt: 62639 bytes, checksum: 90c3f7ba55de15b86d839e0fd12ae7b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:57:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252011000100012.pdf: 3088912 bytes, checksum: d630120be866c5bd00ae378f725df41e (MD5) S1679-62252011000100012.pdf.txt: 62639 bytes, checksum: 90c3f7ba55de15b86d839e0fd12ae7b0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252011000100012.pdf: 3088912 bytes, checksum: d630120be866c5bd00ae378f725df41e (MD5) S1679-62252011000100012.pdf.txt: 62639 bytes, checksum: 90c3f7ba55de15b86d839e0fd12ae7b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente (FNMA) Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Governo Federal do Brasil Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Os lagos do Vale do médio rio Doce (MG) têm sofrido impactos devido à introdução de espécies invasoras de peixes, principalmente de espécies piscívoras como a piranha Pygocentrus nattereri e o tucunaré Cichla kelberi. Peixes foram coletados em seis amostragens bimestrais durante um ano. O presente trabalho demonstrou que a composição das assembleias de peixes nativos está significativamente relacionada à presença e ao tipo de espécies não nativas. A distribuição de espécies entre os lagos pode ser explicada por diferenças no tamanho corporal: espécies nativas de menor porte tendem a estar menos concentradas em lagos com invasores piscívoros, o que está de acordo com a hipótese de que tais espécies têm maior susceptibilidade à predação pelos invasores. Outra provável causa para essa correlação é a proximidade dos lagos ao sistema de drenagem, o que pode explicar tanto a incidência de não nativos quanto a variação na composição de espécies nativas. Além disso, a variabilidade temporal na composição foi significativamente maior em lagos com não nativos. Esse último fator pode estar ligado a pulsos de inundação sazonais, que trazem imigrantes dos riachos adjacentes. A abordagem de metacomunidades pode trazer ideias para futuros estudos neste sistema espacialmente estruturado, devendo melhorar nosso conhecimento sobre os processos que determinam sua composição de espécies e ajudando a direcionar planos de manejo para sua conservação. The lakes in the middle rio Doce Valley (MG) are suffering impacts due to the introduction of invasive fish species, mainly piscivorous species like red piranha Pygocentrus nattereri and peacock bass Cichla kelberi. Fishes were collected in bimonthly samples conducted at ten lakes along a year. The present study showed that the composition of native fish assemblages is significantly related to the presence and type of non-native species. Fish species distribution among lakes can be explained by differences in species body size: smaller native species are less concentrated in lakes with invasive piscivores, which is in accordance with the hypothesis that they have greater susceptibility to predation by invaders. Another probable cause for this correlation is the proximity of lakes to the drainage system, which could explain both the non-native incidence and the turnover of native species composition. Furthermore, temporal variability in species composition was significantly higher in invaded lakes. This last factor may be linked to seasonal flood pulses, which carry immigrant fishes from streams in the vicinity. The metacommunity framework can bring insights for future studies in such spatially structured systems, and the approach should improve our understanding of processes underlying species composition as well as help direct conservation-focused management plans. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Rio Claro Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) UFSJ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Rio Claro Departamento de Ecologia

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf: 54329 bytes, checksum: a0c88a0d96d7e2999ae95499eecd903d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf: 54329 bytes, checksum: a0c88a0d96d7e2999ae95499eecd903d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf: 54329 bytes, checksum: a0c88a0d96d7e2999ae95499eecd903d (MD5) S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf.txt: 21855 bytes, checksum: 993dd34e676581b7ce2454a4e40af1e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf: 54329 bytes, checksum: a0c88a0d96d7e2999ae95499eecd903d (MD5) S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf.txt: 21855 bytes, checksum: 993dd34e676581b7ce2454a4e40af1e8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf: 54329 bytes, checksum: a0c88a0d96d7e2999ae95499eecd903d (MD5) S0034-737X2010000600012.pdf.txt: 21855 bytes, checksum: 993dd34e676581b7ce2454a4e40af1e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 A divergência genética é um dos mais importantes parâmetros avaliados por melhoristas de plantas na fase inicial de um programa de melhoramento genético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar 15 acessos de mamoneira por meio de caracteres morfoagronômicos. O experimento foi conduzido em Lavras, MG, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, e 25 plantas por parcela. Os caracteres avaliados foram: altura da planta, altura do caule, número de internódios, diâmetro do caule e número de racemos. Verificou-se a ocorrência de diferenças significativas pelo teste de F (P < 0,01), para o efeito de acessos para todas as variáveis estudadas. Foram estimadas as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos pelo método euclidiano. de acordo com o agrupamento, utilizando o método de Tocher e o método Hierárquico do Vizinho Mais Próximo, baseado na distância euclidiana houve a formação de quatro grupos distintos. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, recomendam-se os cruzamentos entre acessos dos grupos I e IV, II e IV, e III e IV. Genetic divergence is one of the most important breeding parameters evaluated in the initial phase of a genetic improvement program. The objective of this work was to characterize 15 accessions of castor bean using morphoagronomic traits. The trial was carried out in Lavras, MG, Brazil, from February to August 2008. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replicates and 25 plants per plot. The traits evaluated were: plant height (cm), stem height (cm), number of nodes, diameter of stem and number of clusters. Significant differences (F test: P < 0.01) were found for accession effects on all studied traits. Genetic distances among accessions were estimated using the Euclidean method. Four distinct groups were formed using the methods of Tocher and the hierarchical nearest neighbor clustering, based on the Euclidean distance. The results of this work indicate crossings between accessions from groups I and IV, II and IV and III and IV. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Tecnologia Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Departamento de Agricultura Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Departamento de Agronomia/Fitotecnia Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei Câmpus Alto Paraopeba Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Tecnologia

Avaliou-se a qualidade da silagem do sorgo BRS-610 produzida em sete estádios de maturação dos grãos, pela técnica in vitro semiautomática de produção de gases. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições por tratamento, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-knott. Os parâmetros potencial máximo de produção de gases, tempo de colonização, taxa de produção de gases e degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca para as taxas de passagem de 2, 5 e 8%/h foram obtidos pelo modelo de France et al. O potencial máximo de produção de gases não diferiu entre as silagens e indicou média de 170,5mL/g de matéria seca. Entre leitoso/pastoso e pastoso houve menor tempo de colonização. As maiores taxas de fermentação foram observadas nas silagens produzida entre os estádios pastoso/farináceo a seco. As degradabilidades efetivas foram semelhantes entres as silagens, com média de 46,2%. O sorgo BRS-610 produziu silagem de qualidade satisfatória, com destaque para a silagem produzida com a planta no estádio pastoso/farináceo, por associar melhor taxa de fermentação e menor tempo de colonização. The quality of the silages of sorghum BRS-610 produced at seven stages of grain maturation was evaluated by the semi-automatic gas production technique. It was used a complete randomized design, with four repetitions per treatment, and the means were compared by the Scott-knott test (P

Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland often associated to bacterial infection, is the first cause of antibiotic use in dairy cattle. Because of the risk of antibioresistance emergence, alternative non-antibiotic strategies are needed to prevent or to cure bovine mastitis and reduce the antibiotic use in veterinary medicine. In this work, we investigated Lactococcus lactis V7, a strain isolated from the mammary gland, as a probiotic option against bovine mastitis. Using bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC) culture, and two representative strains for Escherichia coli and for Staphylococcus aureus, two major mastitis pathogens, we investigated L. lactis V7 ability to inhibit cell invasion (i.e. adhesion and internalization) of these pathogens into bMEC. L. lactis V7 ability to modulate the production of CXCL8, a key chemokine IL-8 responsible for neutrophil influx, in bMEC upon challenge with E. coli was investigated by an ELISA dosage of CXCL8 in bMEC culture supernatants. We showed that L. lactis V7 inhibited the internalisation of both E. coli and S. aureus strains into bMEC, whereas it inhibited the adhesion of only one out of the two S. aureus strains and of none of the E. coli strains tested. Investigation of the bMEC immune response showed that L. lactis V7 alone induced a slight increase in CXCL8 production in bMEC and that it increased the inflammatory response in bMEC challenged with the E. coli strains. Altogether these features of L. lactis V7 make it a potential promising candidate for a probiotic prevention strategy against bovine mastitis.

Habitat fragmentation can promote patches of small and isolated populations, gene flow disruption between those populations, and reduction of local and total genetic variation. As a consequence, these small populations may go extinct in the long-term. The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), originally distributed from Texas to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, has been impacted by habitat fragmentation throughout much of its range. To test whether habitat fragmentation has already induced genetic differentiation in an area where this process has been documented for a larger felid (jaguars), we analyzed molecular variation in ocelots inhabiting two Atlantic Forest fragments, Morro do Diabo (MD) and Iguaçu Region (IR). Analyses using nine microsatellites revealed mean observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.68 and 0.70, respectively. The MD sampled population showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck under two mutational models (TPM = 0.03711 and SMM = 0.04883). Estimates of genetic structure (FST = 0.027, best fit of k = 1 with STRUCTURE) revealed no meaningful differentiation between these populations. Thus, our results indicate that the ocelot populations sampled in these fragments are still not significantly different genetically, a pattern that strongly contrasts with that previously observed in jaguars for the same comparisons. This observation is likely due to a combination of two factors: (i) larger effective population size of ocelots (relative to jaguars) in each fragment, implying a slower effect of drift-induced differentiation, and (ii) potentially some remaining permeability of the anthropogenic matrix for ocelots, as opposed to the observed lack of permeability for jaguars. The persistence of ocelot gene flow between these areas must be prioritized in long-term conservation planning on behalf of these felids.

This work evaluated the spectrum of action of Baculovirus spodoptera (SfMNVP) - 6NR on the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, corn earworm Helicoverpa zea and the sugar cane borer Diatraea saccharalis, species of economic importance in maize. For the bioassays, corn leaves immersed in a baculovirus suspension were used for baculovirus inoculation in fall armyworm and earworm and pieces of sugar cane for the corn borer. The foods were immersed in viral solutions of different baculovirus concentrations determined in a Neubauer chamber. The control only distilled water was used instead of the baculovirus suspension. The larvae fed for 48 hours and were then transferred to an artificial diet, without the baculovirus. After evaluating mortality, the development of the offspring (F1) was accompanied, evaluating the parameters: mortality, pupation and the number of egg masses in the first generation. The baculovirus was specific to fall armyworm and innocuous to earworm and the corn borer in the first generation. In the second generation, baculovirus was innocuous for all three species. The percentage of pupation showed an inverse relation with mortality for the three species in two generations. The number of egg masses in F1 was lower in S. frugiperda, did not change for D. saccharalis and higher in H. zea.Keywords: Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis, entomopathogenie virus.ESPECTRO DE AÇÃO DE Baculovirus spodoptera A LEPIDÓPTEROS PRAGARESUMO - Neste trabalho foi avaliado o espectro de ação do Baculovirus spodoptera (SfMNVP) - 6NR à lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda, à lagarta-da-espiga Helicoverpa zea e à broca-da-milho Diatraea saccharalis, espécies de importância econômica na cultura do milho. Para a realização dos bioensaios foram utilizadas folhas de milho imersas em suspensão com o baculovírus em concentrações determinadas em câmara de Neubauer, para lagarta-do-cartucho e para lagarta-da-espiga. Para broca-do-milho o substrato utilizado foi colmo de cana-de-açúcar. Na testemunha foi utilizada somente água destilada ao invés da suspensão com o baculovírus. As lagartas se alimentaram por 48 horas, após este período, foram transferidas para dieta artificial sem o bacilovírus. Após a avaliação da mortalidade,odesenvolvimento da prole (F1) foi acompanhado sendo avaliados os parâmetros: mortalidade, pupação e o número de massas de ovos na primeira geração. O baculovírus foi especifico para lagarta-do-cartucho e inócuo tanto para lagarta-da-espiga quanto para broca-do-milho na primeira geração. Na segunda geração, o baculovírus foi inócuo para as três espécies. A porcentagem de pupação apresentou relação inversa com a mortalidade para as três espécies nas duas gerações. O número de massas de ovos na F1 foi menor em S. frugiperda, não alterado para D. saccharalis e maior em H. zea.Palavras-chave: Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis, vírus entomopatogênico.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:08:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0104-77602014000300018.pdf: 202127 bytes, checksum: 12db96e88b30df9a6cf087376ff30278 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objetivou-se, com essa pesquisa, realizar a classificação quanto a tolerância à dessecação e a capacidade de armazenamento de sementes de cinco espécies florestais de matas ciliares da bacia do Alto Rio Grande, no Estado de Minas Gerias. Sementes de Casearia sylvestris Swart (Salicaceae), Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae), Guarea kunthiana A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), Protium heptaphyllum March. (Burseraceae) foram coletadas e transportadas ao Laboratório de Sementes Florestais, aonde foram beneficiadas e submetidas a dois tipos de secagem, rápida e lenta. Em seguida, foram armazenadas em freezer ou em câmara fria e avaliadas quanto à viabilidade. Após a classificação fisiológica, verificou-se que sementes de C. sylvestris e E. incanus são ortodoxas. Em contra-partida, sementes de G. kunthiana e P. heptaphyllum foram classificadas como recalcitrantes e Q. grandiflora como intermediárias, pois não toleram a secagem a baixos conteúdos de água. Seeds of five forest species were classified according to their physiological storage behavior. Seeds of Casearia sylvestris Swart (Salicaceae), Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae), Guarea kunthiana A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), Protium heptaphyllum March. (Burseraceae) were collected and taken to the laboratory, where they were processed and submitted to both rapid and slow drying, storage and assayed for viability. After physiological classification regarding storage behavior, it was observed that seeds of C. sylvestris and E. incanus presented orthodox behavior. Seeds of G. kunthiana and P. heptaphyllum were classified as recalcitrant and Q. grandiflora as an intermediate, which did not tolerate low moisture content. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Universidade Federal de Lavras Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Universidade Federal de Viçosa Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402012000400005.pdf: 1477834 bytes, checksum: 8fee97b0b1c5ad5d4b1461dedc0bae32 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402012000400005.pdf: 1477834 bytes, checksum: 8fee97b0b1c5ad5d4b1461dedc0bae32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402012000400005.pdf: 1477834 bytes, checksum: 8fee97b0b1c5ad5d4b1461dedc0bae32 (MD5) S1519-99402012000400005.pdf.txt: 28643 bytes, checksum: cac660dfd9f4cfe266f87dcb4343c50e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:08:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402012000400005.pdf: 1477834 bytes, checksum: 8fee97b0b1c5ad5d4b1461dedc0bae32 (MD5) S1519-99402012000400005.pdf.txt: 28643 bytes, checksum: cac660dfd9f4cfe266f87dcb4343c50e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402012000400005.pdf: 1477834 bytes, checksum: 8fee97b0b1c5ad5d4b1461dedc0bae32 (MD5) S1519-99402012000400005.pdf.txt: 28643 bytes, checksum: cac660dfd9f4cfe266f87dcb4343c50e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Objetivou-se avaliar parâmetros morfológicos e de produção em Palma forrageira cv. Miúda, sob doses de adubo nitrogenado. Além disso, apontar características morfológicas que possam ser utilizadas como variáveis preditoras da massa fresca dos cladódios. O experimento foi conduzido num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (ausência de adubação nitrogenada, 100; 200 e 300kg/ha de nitrogênio) e quatro repetições. Não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,10) para as características morfogênicas e comprimento dos cladódios. A adubação nitrogenada exerceu efeito linear negativo para as características largura, espessura, volume e peso médio de cladódios e efeito linear positivo para número de cladódios. Houve correlação linear positiva entre a massa fresca e as características morfológicas dos cladódios. O uso da adubação nitrogenada não interfere nas características morfogênicas e na produção de biomassa da palma forrageira. O volume dos cladódios pode ser usado como variável preditora para a massa fresca dos cladódios. The objective was to evaluate morphological characteristics and forage production in cactus pear cv. Miúda subjected to nitrogen levels and pointing morphological characteristics that can be used as predictors of fresh weight of cladodes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (no fertilization, 100; 200 and 300kg/ha of nitrogen) and four replications. No significant differences (P>0.10) for the morphogenesis and length of cladodes. Nitrogen fertilization exerted a linear effect for features width, thickness, volume and weight of cladodes and positive linear effect for number of cladodes. There was a positive linear correlation between fresh weight and morphological characteristics of cladodes. The use of nitrogen does not interfere with morphogenesis and biomass production of cactus pear. The volume of cladodes can be used as a predictive variable for the fresh weight of cladodes. Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Centro de Ciências Agrárias Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zootecnia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional divergence between ten genotypes of forage peanut, based on chemical composition as well as fermentation and in vitro degradation kinetic characteristics. Treatments consisted of ten genotypes of Arachis pintoi, namely eight accessions (31135, 30333, 15121, 31828, 15598, 31534, 13251 and 31496) and two cultivars (cv. Belmonte and cv. Amarillo). The genotypes were harvested in each plot at a height of 3 cm from the ground, in 42-day intervals, during the time of heaviest rainfall. For the multivariate analysis the following variables, the following were used: crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, potential degradation in 48 hours, degradation rate of insoluble potentially degradable fraction and degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrate. The application of the hierarchical clustering analysis, using the Euclidian distances matrix of standardized averages allowed for the identification of five homogeneous groups. Among them, the accessions 31828, 31534, 15121 and cv. Belmonte stood out nutritionally among the remaining genotypes evaluated, depicting as promising for the utilization in ruminant feeding.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:47:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84856275612.pdf: 2473745 bytes, checksum: f7aec4a616f797e22382d04ad9fbdbf7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 This experiment was carried out to evaluate canopy height of guinea grass with 95% of photosynthetic active radiation interception and quantify the nitrogen fertilization influence and plants' density on the morphogenesis and structural characteristics of Tanzania grass. Four doses of N (0, 80, 160 e 320 kg.ha -1), were arranged with three plant densities (9, 25 and 49 plants.m -2), according to 4 × 3 completely randomized design, with three repetitions. Total dry matter (DM) accumulation throughout the experimental period was influenced by nitrogen fertilization and plants' density. In the rainy period, the higher nitrogen fertilization decreased the harvesting intervals, and consequently, increased the number of harvests. The rate of leaf appearance and the phyllochron were influenced only under nitrogen fertilization in the transition period of rainy and dry weather. Tanzania grass canopy height under 95% of light interception was positively influenced because of the plant densities in rainy period and transition period between rainy/drought and drought. Tanzania grass height under 95% of light interception presented variations along the evaluations and the values were higher (near 70 cm) in the rainy period, followed by transition period rain/drought and drought. © 2011 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. Unesp, Jaboticabal Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Universidade Federal de Viçosa Doutoranda do Departamento de Zootecnia da UFV Zootecnista autônomo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Minei Campus Uberaba, Uberaba, MG Unesp, Jaboticabal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:01:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162011000300008.pdf: 196586 bytes, checksum: 1112f513e69182473bcb56536fee96ed (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162011000300008.pdf: 196586 bytes, checksum: 1112f513e69182473bcb56536fee96ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-90162011000300008.pdf: 196586 bytes, checksum: 1112f513e69182473bcb56536fee96ed (MD5) S0103-90162011000300008.pdf.txt: 32894 bytes, checksum: 65d6df8493ee58e810c1bb1179506b68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:15:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-90162011000300008.pdf: 196586 bytes, checksum: 1112f513e69182473bcb56536fee96ed (MD5) S0103-90162011000300008.pdf.txt: 32894 bytes, checksum: 65d6df8493ee58e810c1bb1179506b68 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:15:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-90162011000300008.pdf: 196586 bytes, checksum: 1112f513e69182473bcb56536fee96ed (MD5) S0103-90162011000300008.pdf.txt: 32894 bytes, checksum: 65d6df8493ee58e810c1bb1179506b68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 O peso do peito possui grande importância econômica na indústria de frangos, podendo estar associado a outras variáveis passíveis de seleção. Estimaram-se correlações fenotípicas entre características de desempenho (peso vivo aos 7, 28 dias e ao abate e profundidade de músculo peitoral por ultra-sonografia), carcaça (peso eviscerado e de pernas) e composição corporal (peso do coração, do fígado e da gordura abdominal), em uma linhagem de frangos, e quantificou-se a influência direta e indireta destas variáveis sobre o peso do peito. Para tanto, utilizou-se a análise de trilha, desdobrando-se a matriz de correlações parciais em coeficientes que forneceram a influência direta de uma variável sobre a outra, independentemente das demais. A manutenção das variáveis peso vivo ao abate e peso eviscerado na matriz de correlações pode ser prejudicial à análise estatística que envolve os sistemas de equações normais, como a análise de trilha, devido à multicolinearidade observada. O peso vivo ao abate e a profundidade do músculo peitoral por ultra-sonografia apresentaram efeitos diretos importantes sobre o peso de peito e foram identificadas como as principais responsáveis pela magnitude dos coeficientes de correlação obtidos. Assim, uma pré-seleção individual para estas características pode favorecer um aumento no peso de peito nesta linhagem, se mantidas as condições ambientais de criação dos frangos, uma vez que o peso vivo ao abate e a profundidade de músculo peitoral por ultra-sonografia afetam fenotipicamente e diretamente o peso de peito. Breast weight has great economic importance in poultry industry, and may be associated with other variables. This work aimed to estimate phenotypic correlations between performance (live body weight at 7 and 28 days, and at slaughter, and depth of the breast muscle measured by ultrasonography), carcass (eviscerated body weight and leg weight) and body composition (heart, liver and abdominal fat weight) traits in a broiler line, and quantify the direct and indirect influence of these traits on breast weight. Path analysis was used by expanding the matrix of partial correlation in coefficients which give the direct influence of one trait on another, regardless the effect of the other traits. The simultaneous maintenance of live body weight at slaughter and eviscerated body weight in the matrix of correlations might be harmful for statistical analysis involving systems of normal equations, like path analysis, due to the observed multicollinearity. The live body weight at slaughter and the depth of the breast muscle as measured by ultrasonography directly affected breast weight and were identified as the most responsible factors for the magnitude of the correlation coefficients obtained between the studied traits and breast weight. Individual pre-selection for these traits could favor an increased breast weight in the future reproducer candidates of this line if the broilers' environmental conditions and housing are maintained, since the live body weight at slaughter and the depth of breast muscle measured by ultrasonography were directly related to breast weight. UNIPAMPA UFSJ DEPEB UNESP Programa de Pós Graduação em Zootecnia USP FZEA Aviagen do Brasil Ltda. UNESP Programa de Pós Graduação em Zootecnia