58,249 results on '"and, Ling"'
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2. Constructing Aesthetic Experience through Biology Learning from Dewey's Perspective
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Ling, Yizhou, Ye, Xia, and Wang, Jingying
- Abstract
John Dewey's aesthetics subverts and transcends traditional aesthetics. He applied his empiricism philosophy into the field of aesthetics and re-established the significance of aesthetic experience. Aesthetic experience comes from daily experience; hence it is not fundamentally different from students' biological learning experience. Based on students' life experience, aesthetic education advances to the climax in biology teaching in a compact and continuous way. In this process, the students' emotions combine practice and intellect into an indivisible whole, forming "an" experience. The way of learning by doing and the support of necessary techniques make the students' inner impulsion interact with the outer resistance, so that "an" experience is strengthened and concentrated into aesthetic experience. However, there still exists a research blank in aesthetic education in biology from Dewey's perspective. As the early exploration, this case study aims to answer 'Is it possible for students in secondary schools to construct aesthetic experience through biology learning?' Thus, we designed a bio-macro-photography activity as the learning environment, and analysed the characteristics of life-nature, coherence, unity, and interactivity stemmed from the two participants' experience in phenomenological sense, the result of which indicates that students' biological learning experience is aesthetic experience at the same time.
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- 2023
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3. 2D:4D Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brunei Darussalam
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Lee, Shirley H. F., Aziz, Syahiirah Abd, Hamid, Mawarni, Lim, Ya Chee, Koh, David, and Chaw, Li Ling
- Abstract
Background: Despite the global increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), relevant research studies are lacking in Brunei Darussalam. Various studies have shown a significant association between a lowered 2D:4D ratio (ratio of second digit/index finger to the fourth digit/ring finger) and ASD, making it one of the potential phenotypic biomarkers for early detection of autism, which is important for early intervention and management. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the association between 2D:4D ratio and ASD in Brunei Darussalam, as a potential tool to complement early ASD diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a case-control study comprising 28 ASD and 62 typically developing (TD) children in the case and control group, respectively (age range: 3-11 years old; median age: 6 years old). Median 2D:4D ratios were measured, compared and analysed between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to explore potential associations between the median 2D:4D ratio and ASD in respective gender, for both left and right hands, independently. Results: Our study shows that the median 2D:4D ratio of left hand in ASD males is significantly lower than those in TD males, after adjusting for ethnicity and age [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.57 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31-0.96); p = 0.044]. For females, there is no association of ASD with the median left hand 2D:4D ratio [OR = 3.09 (95% CI: 0.98-19.86); p = 0.144] or the median right hand 2D:4D ratio [OR = 1.23 (95% CI: 0.42-3.88); p = 0.702]. Our study also shows a significant positive correlation and/or a reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left hands and right hands in ASD males (Pearson's correlation (r) = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.076-0.75, p = 0.023). Conclusions: There is significant association between a lowered median 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (in males only) and ASD diagnosis. Once validated in a larger sample size, a lowered median 2D:4D ratio on the left hand may be a potential tool to complement ASD diagnosis for males in our study population. There is no association between the median 2D:4D ratio (left or right hands) and ASD in females, which could be due to the small female sample size and/or the possibility of different aetiology for ASD in females. Reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left and right hands observed in ASD males only (not in ASD females) also suggests the importance of considering gender-specific biomarkers for ASD diagnosis.
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- 2021
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4. Effects of Scaffolds and Scientific Reasoning Ability on Web-Based Scientific Inquiry
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Wu, Hui-Ling, Weng, Hsiao-Lan, and She, Hsiao-Ching
- Abstract
This study examined how background knowledge, scientific reasoning ability, and various scaffolding forms influenced students' science knowledge and scientific inquiry achievements. The students participated in an online scientific inquiry program involving such activities as generating scientific questions and drawing evidence-based conclusions, while being scaffolded either directly or indirectly. Results indicated that student knowledge and scientific reasoning can predict scientific inquiry ability development. Only scientific reasoning has a significant effect on student comprehension. Level of scientific reasoning and types of scaffolding significantly influenced students' scientific inquiry abilities. In particular, prior reasoning skills significantly affected how they identified variables and made conclusions in both post- and retention tests. Students who used the online program benefitted from direct scaffolding, which helped them make hypotheses and draw conclusions better than indirect scaffolding. Direct scaffolding was especially useful for students with high prior reasoning skills. Students with high prior reason skills who used direct scaffolding were better able to make hypotheses and draw conclusions.
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- 2016
5. Effects of Scaffolds and Scientific Reasoning Ability on Web-Based Scientific Inquiry
- Author
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Wu, Hui-Ling, Weng, Hsiao-Lan, and She, Hsiao-Ching
- Abstract
This study examined how background knowledge, scientific reasoning ability, and various scaffolding forms influenced students' science knowledge and scientific inquiry achievements. The students participated in an online scientific inquiry program involving such activities as generating scientific questions and drawing evidence-based conclusions, while being scaffolded either directly or indirectly. Results indicated that student knowledge and scientific reasoning can predict scientific inquiry ability development. Only scientific reasoning has a significant effect on student comprehension. Level of scientific reasoning and types of scaffolding significantly influenced students' scientific inquiry abilities. In particular, prior reasoning skills significantly affected how they identified variables and made conclusions in both post- and retention tests. Students who used the online program benefitted from direct scaffolding, which helped them make hypotheses and draw conclusions better than indirect scaffolding. Direct scaffolding was especially useful for students with high prior reasoning skills. Students with high prior reason skills who used direct scaffolding were better able to make hypotheses and draw conclusions.
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- 2016
6. Regular Biology Students Learn Like AP Students with SUN
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Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE), Batiza, Ann, Luo, Wen, Zhang, Bo, Gruhl, Mary, Nelson, David, Hoelzer, Mark, Ning, Ling, Roberts, Marisa, Knopp, Jonathan, Harrington, Tom, LaFlamme, Donna, Haasch, Mary Anne, Vogt, Gina, Goodsell, David, and Marcey, David
- Abstract
The SUN approach to biological energy transfer education is fundamentally different from past practices that trace chemical and energy inputs and outputs. The SUN approach uses a hydrogen fuel cell to convince learners that electrons can move from one substance to another based on differential attraction. With a hydrogen fuel cell, learners can see a propeller turning when only hydrogen and oxygen gases are present. The movement of electrons from the hydrogen fuel to the oxygen acceptor is supported with an animation of the invisible electron transfer and resultant products made. Living things run on microscopic fuel cells called mitochondria where the electron donor is food and the ultimate acceptor is oxygen. The SUN Project scaffolds understanding of this process with physical and digital manipulatives. Students configure nested trays with movable components so as to enact the salient processes that transfer matter and energy in the mitochondrion. Energy is harvested not in the turning of propellers, but in the eventual rotation of a nanomachine that produces a chemical essential for life called ATP. SUN scaffolds include a mechanically manipulated replica with supporting animations. Food making in chloroplasts depends upon light to initiate electron movement. The materials show that many of the intervening processes mimic those in the mitochondrion. The purpose of this cluster, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine the long-term efficacy of the SUN Project intervention on student understanding regarding why and how CR and PS occur. Students participated in regular biology classes within schools randomly assigned to either the treatment (T) or control (C) condition. At the same time the achievement of a small group of AP biology students who did not use the SUN materials provided another meaningful context for interpreting outcomes. The research questions (RQ) of this project asked during the first year were: (1) Does the SUN Project significantly impact long-term student learning; (2) Does the SUN Project significantly impact student confidence in their understanding; (3) What variables moderate student outcomes; (4) How much do SUN vs. Control students value their instructional materials; and (5) How do the outcomes of treatment students compare to that of a small group of AP biology students who are not using the SUN materials? Tables and figures are appended.
- Published
- 2016
7. Students as Pharmaceutical Engineers: A Biology-Centric STEM Task
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Qun, Dominic Koh Jing and Ling, Tan Aik
- Abstract
According to the World Economic Forum (2016), "more than one third (36%) of all jobs across all industries" (p.21) need problem-solving as a key skill. Trilling and Fadel (2009) noted the shift from industrial to knowledge-based economies, requiring students not only to possess content knowledge but also have skills that enable them to make sense of information and synthesise useful products. Students in this century would certainly be facing more complex and multifaceted problems as well. 21st century problems can include those of a biological nature, such as persistent and complex health disorders such as diabetes mellitus. Combating diabetes requires an understanding of biology (particularly homeostasis and hormones), a knowledge of biotechnology tools that can measure blood glucose concentration, engineering potential solutions that address or alleviate the problems associated with diabetes and using mathematics to compute personalised dosages of the patient's medication. As such, students need to be able to integrate knowledge from different disciplines to synthesise solutions to these complex, novel, and often persistent problems. Yet there have been few STEM activities focusing on problems of a biological nature. In light of this the authors designed a STEM task that is centred on a problem related to biology and hence requires the application of biological referent-centred knowledge to devise a solution to a complex problem related to pill coating. The integrated STEM biological problem was aimed to (1) expose students to inter-disciplinary problem-solving; and (2) shift the learning of biological content towards solving problems rather than in neat categories or topics as one would find in a textbook.
- Published
- 2019
8. Representation of NOS Aspects across Chapters in Singapore Grade 9 and 10 Biology Textbooks: Insights for Improving NOS Representation
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Chua, Jia Xun, Tan, Aik-Ling, and Ramnarain, Umesh
- Abstract
Background: Nature of Science (NOS) is defined to be the epistemology of science, and comprised of distinctive defining aspects. The representation of these NOS aspects in school science textbooks is likely to affect how students understand NOS. Representation of NOS aspects can differ between topics even within the same textbook and these topical differences may shed light on the different improvements required for a progressive and more balanced representation of NOS aspects. Purpose: This study aims to (1) analyse the representations of NOS aspects in Singapore biology textbooks; (2) identify and discuss topical differences in the representation of NOS aspects; and (3) suggest some ways to improve NOS representation in textbooks. Method: Three Singapore secondary school biology textbooks were analysed for their representations of 11 key NOS aspects using a document analysis approach. Textual material was coded into discrete categories in a topic-by-topic manner independently by two coders. Results: Informed statements regarding NOS aspects were predominantly implicit in nature. High scores for eight NOS aspects were obtained in one textbook incorporating experimental work in many chapters to support and illustrate scientific concepts. High scores for the creative NOS and the nature for scientific theories were scored in another textbook that was found to utilise History of Science to provide a context for presenting scientific information. Topics with consistently low NOS representations were predominantly presented in a descriptive, factual manner, while topics with consistently high scores generally approached the topics by discussing the historical development of knowledge. Conclusions: Using experimental work to present scientific knowledge and discussions of the historical development of scientific knowledge are both effective approaches to represent many NOS aspects well in a textbook. These two approaches can be used in combination in a textbook in order to further improve NOS representation and overcome the individual limitations of each approach.
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- 2019
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9. Checking Equity: Why Differential Item Functioning Analysis Should Be a Routine Part of Developing Conceptual Assessments
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Martinková, Patricia, Drabinová, Adéla, Liaw, Yuan-Ling, Sanders, Elizabeth A., McFarland, Jenny L., and Price, Rebecca M.
- Abstract
We provide a tutorial on differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, an analytic method useful for identifying potentially biased items in assessments. After explaining a number of methodological approaches, we test for gender bias in two scenarios that demonstrate why DIF analysis is crucial for developing assessments, particularly because simply comparing two groups' total scores can lead to incorrect conclusions about test fairness. First, a significant difference between groups on total scores can exist even when items are not biased, as we illustrate with data collected during the validation of the Homeostasis Concept Inventory. Second, item bias can exist even when the two groups have exactly the same distribution of total scores, as we illustrate with a simulated data set. We also present a brief overview of how DIF analysis has been used in the biology education literature to illustrate the way DIF items need to be reevaluated by content experts to determine whether they should be revised or removed from the assessment. Finally, we conclude by arguing that DIF analysis should be used routinely to evaluate items in developing conceptual assessments. These steps will ensure more equitable--and therefore more valid--scores from conceptual assessments.
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- 2017
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10. Learning Science in High School: What Is Actually Going On?
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Tan, Aik Ling and Hong, Huaqing
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This paper examines learning of science in 15 grade nine classrooms by analyzing the type of talk that teachers engaged in. Using transcripts from audio recordings that are part of the Singapore Corpus of Research in Education database, annotations were carried out on the phrases of teacher talk using Mortimer and Scott's framework for meaning making in science classrooms. Interpreted from a sociocultural view of science learning and based on text coverage per 1,000 words spoken by teachers and students, we analyzed the content of instruction and found that (1) teachers in all three sub-disciplines of science used the least number of words to make statements of generalizations, with chemistry teachers privileging description more than physics and biology teachers, while physics teachers use more words for explanation when compared with biology and chemistry teachers and (2) teachers from all three sub-disciplines depended more on empirical justification than theoretical justifications. These findings suggest that most scientific stories in Singaporean grade nine classrooms are dependent on specific contexts and that the nature and organization of knowledge in each sub-discipline defines the features that teachers use in the classrooms to talk knowledge into being. We discuss our findings on whether science curriculum should be framed as "separate subjects" or if they should be developed as "integrated science" and draw implications to science teacher education and the conduct of high stakes public placement examinations.
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- 2014
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11. The Application of Community Service Learning in Science Education
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Ng, Betsy Ling-Ling
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Learning of science has been traditionally conducted in classrooms or in the form of lectures. Science education is usually context-specific learning as students are taught a particular module of content in class. In problem-based learning, they are provided with examples of problems in which they learn how to solve these types of problems. However, when students encounter a similar problem in a different context, they are unable to apply their prior knowledge to this new situation. The key components of authentic science learning are the external world and the individuals. Although the classroom aims to retain such authenticity by providing real-life problems to solve, it will never be the same as students' personal experiences in the real world--the community service learning (CSL). CSL integrates science learning into the real-world situations within a community context. It is one of the active learning strategies that aims to foster better understanding of course content and broader appreciation of the discipline. This CSL study focuses on the community service project and the individual critical reflection. CSL provides a real-life working environment that lead to excellent learning outcomes for the students as well as strengthens their individual social responsibility. This paper provides an example of the application of CSL within a tertiary institutional context. The CSL project involved student volunteers to set up a bioreactor for biogas supply within a local community of Chiang Rai, Thailand. In particular, it demonstrates students' reflection and their personal experiences in learning science beyond the classroom. Based on quantitative and qualitative data from 22 participants, it demonstrates the meaningful impact of CSL on student learning outcomes. Results show CSL creates an active yet meaningful learning of science and socially responsible citizens. Finally, this paper will also discuss the implications of learning science in an informal yet authentic context. (Contains 3 tables and 6 figures.)
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- 2012
12. Explaining and Selecting Treatments for Autism: Parental Explanatory Models in Taiwan
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Shyu, Yea-Ing Lotus, Tsai, Jia-Ling, and Tsai, Wen-Che
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Parental explanatory models about autism influence the type of therapy a child receives, the child's well-being, and the parents' own psychological adaptation. This qualitative study explored explanatory models used by parents of children with autism. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 parents of children with autism from a medical center in Taiwan. Despite high educational background, most of these parents attributed their child's autism to both biomedical and supernatural etiologies without apparent conflicts. These parents chose a wide variety of treatment strategies, including biomedical and alternative treatments, which often created time/energy pressures and financial burden, and were influenced by parents' cause attribution. Parents' illness explanations influence their treatment selections and need to be understood and accepted by health care providers. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2010
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13. From a Sense of Stereotypically Foreign to Belonging in a Science Community: Ways of Experiential Descriptions about High School Students' Science Internship
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Hsu, Pei-Ling and Roth, Wolff-Michael
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Science educators often suggest that students should learn science in ways and settings that bear family resemblance with "the real thing." Internship in science laboratories constitutes one such way in which students may learn science and learn about science. However, very little is known about "how" participants experience a science internship in an "authentic" science setting (i.e., a science laboratory). Our study was designed to understand the nature of participants' experiences of "authentic science." Participants included 11 high school students, one high school teacher, five laboratory technicians, and two scientists. High school students practiced science alongside technicians (young scientists) in real ongoing projects of a biology laboratory. Data sources include 19 semi-structured and video-recorded interviews held after the 2-month science internship. Drawing on phenomenographic method, we identified five categories of experiential descriptions: (a) authenticity of university science, (b) channeling and connecting different communities, (c) advanced knowledge required in and lengthy procedures mobilized by university science, (d) self-exploration and reflection, and (e) comprehensive science learning. Each category's meaning for participants and implications for science education are illustrated and discussed. This study demonstrates positive evidence of the science internship on helping students learn different dimensions of science and reflect their relationship with science. Suggestions on facilitating the partnership between secondary and postsecondary education are provided.
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- 2010
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14. To Be or Not to Be? Discursive Resources for (Dis-)Identifying with Science-Related Careers
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Hsu, Pei-Ling, Roth, Wolff-Michael, Marshall, Anne, and Guenette, Francis
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One of the main objectives of many science educators is to enroll students into science majors and careers. Researchers have investigated students' views of science in terms of factors and influences that guide students to choose science as a career. However, few investigations exist that have studied the forms of language culture makes available for articulating possible careers generally or the ways of grounding (justifying) these possibilities particularly. The purpose of this study is to investigate ways of using language for supporting justifications of career choices in an interview situation. Thirteen high school biology students were interviewed about their career choices. Drawing on discursive psychology as theory and method, we identify four "interpretative repertoires" that are deployed during the interviews: the (a) formative, (b) performative, (c) consequent, and (d) potential repertoires. These interpretative repertoires do not merely characterize the discourse about different science-related professions but in fact co-articulate different science-related identities. (Contains 2 tables.)
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- 2009
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15. What High School Students Learn during Internships in Biology Laboratories
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Roth, Wolff-Michael, van Eijck, Michiel, and Hsu, Pei-Ling
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This article reports on the results of the authors' research and development work that was designed to study the impact of internships in scientific laboratories on high school students. The authors sketch how the internships affected cognitive outcomes, experiences and attitudes, and the career aspirations of the high school students. The internship experiences were highly successful in that the high school students came to learn scientific knowledge and skills they did not know before. They also developed understandings of what science generally and environmental science more particularly is about. However, the internship did not make a difference in terms of making this science an attractive career for 10 out of 11 students involved. One explanation may be the fact that students already found themselves in advanced high school science courses and already had well-established ideas about what they wanted to do. The experience with the students also shows that internships, to be effective recruiting mechanisms, should permit students to become involved actively in the research rather than being mere onlookers. Consequently, science should welcome the participation of people with different ways of knowing and worldviews; scientific biology needs to adapt and adjust itself as such to be more inclusive and to recruit a more diverse mixed population of students. (Contains 1 figure.)
- Published
- 2009
16. An Analysis of Teacher Discourse that Introduces Real Science Activities to High School Students
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Hsu, Pei-Ling and Roth, Wolff-Michael
- Abstract
Most academic science educators encourage teachers to provide their students with access to more authentic science activities. What can and do teachers say to increase students' interests in participating in opportunities to do real science? What are the discursive "resources" they draw on to introduce authentic science to students? The purpose of this ethnographic and discourse-analytic study is to investigate the ways in which the activities of scientists are discursively presented to high school students in a biology/career preparation course. Data sources were collected by means of observation, field notes, interviews, and videotaped lessons in an eleventh-grade biology/career preparation course. Drawing on discourse analysis, we investigate the discursive resources--or, more specifically and technically, the "interpretative repertoires"--teachers used to explain and promote opportunities to engage students in real science activities. Our analysis identifies and characterizes six types of interpretative repertoires: specialized, a-stereotypical, relevant, empirical, emotive, and rare-opportunity. To better understand the "big picture" of how these discursive resources are drawn on in the classroom, we also report on the frequencies of the repertoires in the discourse and the ways in which repertoires changed in the course of teacher-student interactions. The findings of this case study offer teachers and researchers a better understanding of how specific forms of discourse--i.e., the repertoires--can serve as resources to enhance teacher-introduction of authentic science to students and provide students a bridge between school and authentic science.
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- 2009
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17. Translations of Scientific Practice to 'Students' Images of Science'
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van Eijck, Michiel, Hsu, Pei-Ling, and Roth, Wolff-Michael
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In the science education research literature, it often appears to be assumed that students "possess" more or less stable "images of science" that directly correspond to their experiences with scientific practice in science curricula. From cultural-historical and sociocultural perspectives, this assumption is problematic because scientific practices are collective human activities and are therefore neither identical with students' experiences nor with the accounts of these experiences that students make available to researchers. "Students' images of science" are therefore translated from (rather than directly correspond to) scientific practices. Drawing on data collected during and after preuniversity biology students' internships in a scientific laboratory, we exemplify the role of these translations in the production of "students' images of science." A coarse-grained analysis based on existing research showed our data to be comparable with earlier studies on "students' images of science." A fine-grained analysis shows how "students' images of science" were coproduced along a trajectory of translations that was determined by the use of particular actions and tools, and a particular division of labor in scientific practice. We propose to reconceptualize "students' images of science" as particular coproductions at a given point in time. The methodological and educational implications of this proposal are discussed. (Contains 2 tables, 3 figures and 1 footnote.)
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- 2009
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18. Catalyzing Student-Teacher Interactions and Teacher Learning in Science Practical Formative Assessment with Digital Video Technology
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Tan, Aik Ling and Towndrow, Phillip A.
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This paper reports how a teacher-researcher partnership examined a biology teacher's existing pedagogical practices and attempted, through a task design innovation, to create the circumstances under which more interactive and emergent assessment for learning practices could flourish in her classroom. This work involved the use of digital video playback technology as the trigger or catalyst for reflection on concrete experiences by the teacher and her students to occur. Results suggest that the digital video innovation brought about changes in student-teacher interactions in science practical work and assisted the teacher in reflecting on her professional learning. The educative effects produced by the catalyst were dependent on the teacher noticing changes in her students and moving in tandem with them along a parallel path of experiential and practitioner-based learning. Overall, the value of the study undertaken is located in sharing an authentic, lived science assessment experience with the intention of assisting colleagues notice aspects of their own pedagogic practices that may be hidden at present. (Contains 1 table.)
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- 2009
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19. Tensions in the Biology Laboratory: What Are They?
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Tan, Aik-Ling
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The purpose of this paper is to identify tensions in teacher-student interaction in a high school biology laboratory. Using micro-analytic analysis of classroom talk, the interaction between the students and a teacher working in the biology laboratory session on "Reproduction in Plants" is studied. The two tensions highlighted here are tension with textbooks as authority and tension with the teacher as authority. Tension with textbooks as authority originates from an over-reliance on generalizations expressed in textbooks resulting in the inability of learners to appreciate alternatives and exceptions. Tension with the teacher as authority stems from the task design and varying levels of control that a teacher has over the learner and the learning process. The genesis of the two forms of tensions in the laboratory is different and they are tackled differently by the participants to yield different outcomes. While science educators have conducted intensive research over the past two decades on the effects of school science laboratory work on students' learning of science, more can be done in the specific area of teacher-student interaction. This paper offers some insights into the interaction between a teacher and her students in a laboratory as they learn biology. An increased understanding of the impact of the tensions in a science laboratory might help to bring about realization of the true spirit and intent of school science laboratory experiences.
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- 2008
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20. Hands-On Biology: A Museum-School-University Partnership for Enhancing Students' Interest and Learning in Science.
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Paris, Scott G., Yambor, Kirsten M., and Packard, Becky Wai-Ling
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Assessed the effects of a six-week extracurricular hands-on science program using portfolio artifacts, inquiry-guided exploration, and socially assisted learning on interest and learning about biology in third, fourth, and fifth graders. Found significant increases in science interest and improvement in problem-solving skills. Girls had more positive attitudes about science and higher problem-solving skills than boys. (Author)
- Published
- 1998
21. Genomic variation and evolution of Helicobacter pylori in Cape Verde
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Tam, Yi Ling
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genomic variation ,evolution ,Helicobacter pylori ,Cape Verde ,thesis ,biology - Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are humans' stomach-dwelling bacteria that pose high mutation and recombination rates. These features allow them to achieve great genetic diversity and adapt to a wide range of within-host environments with different selective pressures, including presence of antibiotics. This study focused on the H. pylori population in Cape Verde, an archipelago that was first inhabited in the 15th century by Portuguese colonists and African slaves, followed by their extensive admixture. The high prevalence of H. pylori infection and crowded living environment facilitate cross infection and genetic exchange between divergent strains, which promote rapid evolution of the bacteria. This thesis aimed to study between-host and within-host genomic variation and evolution of H. pylori from asymptomatic individuals in Cape Verde. The genetic architecture and evolution of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in Cape Verde were also investigated. Population genetic analyses based on whole genome data discovered that the main axis of genetic variation of H. pylori in Cape Verde was not due to admixture as in their hosts, but presence of four populations groups, two of which were highly differentiated from African and European ancestral strains and were likely to represent recent clonal expansions. Evidence of within-host genetic exchange through recombination was found between strains within-host, regardless of the presence of multiple strains, the presence of mixed ancestry and the ancestry/ancestry combinations. Resistance mechanisms of four antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole and Tetracycline) of H. pylori in Cape Verde were only partially explained by known resistance-associated mutations. Significantly associated variants identified using GWASs included both established and novel variants. The understanding of this H. pylori population from asymptomatic hosts will serve as a major step towards establishment of Cape Verde as a model population for studying co-evolutionary trajectories of human hosts and bacteria.
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- 2021
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22. Medicinal flora of the baiku yao people — An ethnobotanical documentation in South China.
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Li, Tingting, Luo, Binsheng, Tong, Yuanming, Wei, Guiyuan, Chai, Ling, and Hu, Renchuan
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CHINESE medicine ,DOCUMENTATION ,HEALTH literacy ,HEALTH attitudes ,RESEARCH funding ,BIOLOGY ,JUDGMENT sampling ,POPULATION geography ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MEDICINAL plants ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
Background: This study explores the medicinal plant knowledge of the Baiku Yao, a unique ethnic group in China. Despite existing research on their ethnobotanical practices, a comprehensive understanding of their medicinal flora remains lacking. This study aims to document and analyze the species distribution, utilization, and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by Baiku Yao. Methods: Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in various Baiku Yao villages across different seasons from 2019 to 2023. Informants were interviewed, and plant specimens were collected and identified. Statistical analyses, including the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), were employed to understand plant importance in Baiku Yao culture. Results: In an ethnobotanical survey conducted in the Baiku Yao region, 434 medicinal plant species were documented, highlighting significant ethnobotanical diversity and a deep cultural integration of traditional medicinal practices. The study revealed pronounced geographical variations in plant knowledge among villages, with a notable reliance on wild plants, as 85.48% were sourced from the wild, reflecting unique local ethnobotanical knowledge. Predominantly herbs and shrubs were used due to their accessibility and abundance in the local environment. High Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) values for certain species underscored their importance for local health needs and additional economic value. The utilization of various plant parts, particularly whole plants, roots, and leaves, indicates a holistic approach to medicinal applications, adapted to combat prevalent health issues such as skin and infectious diseases. The study also uncovered the Baiku Yao's cultural practices for countering "Gu" afflictions—a range of pathogenic conditions—with 18 diverse antidote plants used for skin, digestive, and musculoskeletal disorders. The study underscores the imperative of preserving this rich medicinal heritage through innovative models that engage youth and leverage new media, ensuring the inheritance and evolution of Baiku Yao's traditional knowledge. Conclusions: Baiku Yao's medicinal plant use reflects a deep, culturally ingrained knowledge, closely tied to local ecology. The study highlights the importance of preserving this unique ethnobotanical heritage and suggests interdisciplinary approaches for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Energy metabolism, ghrelin levels and personality could not predict the vulnerability of Qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis) to angling
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Ling-Qing Zeng and Li-Xue Chen
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Ecology ,Boldness ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fishing ,Vulnerability ,Zoology ,Biology ,Spinibarbus sinensis ,Juvenile ,Personality ,Ghrelin ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Hormone ,media_common - Abstract
Fish are often faced with selection pressure from human activities (e.g., fish angling). Therefore, morphological, physiological, personality, and life history characteristics have evolved directly in fish populations under this human-made selection. Here, we investigate the phenotypic basis of vulnerability to angling in juvenile Qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). The standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and personality (i.e., exploration, activity and boldness) of juvenile S. sinensis were determined. An angling experiment was then conducted and the hormones (i.e., ghrelin) of the individuals were examined in a laboratory at 24.9 ± 0.1 °C. Our results showed that only frequency with which the fish touched the novel object in exploration was higher in the LVA (low vulnerability to angling) phenotype than the HVA (high vulnerability to angling) phenotype, but energy metabolism (SMR; MMR; AS, aerobic scope; FAS, factorial aerobic scope), hormone (ghrelin levels) and personality (exploration, activity and boldness) did not differ between the HVA and the LVA phenotype. Principal components analysis showed that exploration was associated with boldness while activity was not associated with boldness. The AS, exploration and boldness score were inhibitory factors for the HVA outcomes, but ghrelin, activity score and exploration score did not contribute to outcomes of the HVA. These results suggest that energy metabolism, hormone levels and personality are not predictors of vulnerability to angling in Qingbo under the laboratory condition, but individuals with higher tendency to explore the novel environment are more likely to be bolder.
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- 2023
24. Voices: Challenges and opportunities in RNA biology.
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Chen, Ling-Ling, Ingolia, Nicholas T., Insco, Megan L., Li, Jin Billy, Oberdoerffer, Shalini, and Weeks, Kevin M.
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- *
RNA , *CHEMICAL biology , *CYTOLOGY , *BIOLOGY , *SYNTHETIC biology - Abstract
In the first of many thematic issues marking the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology , we highlight the contribution of chemical biology to RNA biology in a special issue on RNA modulation. We asked several leaders in the field to share their opinions on the current challenges and opportunities in RNA biology. [Display omitted] In the first of many thematic issues marking the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology , we highlight the contribution of chemical biology to RNA biology in a Special Issue on RNA Modulation. We asked several leaders in the field to share their opinion on the current challenges and opportunities in RNA biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Interleukins in Platelet Biology: Unraveling the Complex Regulatory Network.
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Huang, Miao, Wang, Long, Zhang, Qianhui, Zhou, Ling, Liao, Rui, Wu, Anguo, Wang, Xinle, Luo, Jiesi, Huang, Feihong, Zou, Wenjun, and Wu, Jianming
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INTERLEUKINS ,BLOOD platelets ,INTERLEUKIN receptors ,BIOLOGY ,CLINICAL medicine ,MEGAKARYOCYTES ,INTERLEUKIN-33 - Abstract
Interleukins, a diverse family of cytokines produced by various cells, play crucial roles in immune responses, immunoregulation, and a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In the context of megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function, interleukins have emerged as key regulators, exerting significant influence on the development, maturation, and activity of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets. While the therapeutic potential of interleukins in platelet-related diseases has been recognized for decades, their clinical application has been hindered by limitations in basic research and challenges in drug development. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of interleukins and their interactions with MKs and platelets, coupled with breakthroughs in cytokine engineering, have revitalized the field of interleukin-based therapeutics. These breakthroughs have paved the way for the development of more effective and specific interleukin-based therapies for the treatment of platelet disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of interleukins on megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function. It highlights the potential clinical applications of interleukins in regulating megakaryopoiesis and platelet function and discusses the latest bioengineering technologies that could improve the pharmacokinetic properties of interleukins. By synthesizing the current knowledge in this field, this review aims to provide valuable insights for future research into the clinical application of interleukins in platelet-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Impact of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren on biodiversity in South China: A review
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Lei WANG, Yi-juan XU, Ling ZENG, and Yong-yue LU
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fire ant ,biology ,behavior ,ecosystem function ,non-native ,invasion ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is a problematic invasive species in China since at least 2003. Over the past 15 years, a numerous studies were published on the impacts of this species on flora, fauna, and ecosystem function in natural and agricultural systems. We reviewed the literature on S. invicta invasion biology and impacts on biodiversity in South China. Both monogyne and polygyne colonies of S. invicta were introduced to China and polygyne colony is the dominant type. The range expansion rate of S. invicta may reach 26.5–48.1 km yr−1 in China. S. invicta forage activities occur year-round, peaking in the summer and fall in South China and show a preference for insects and plant seeds. We describe the ecological impacts of S. invicta on various habitats in South China, including arthropod community structure disruption and decreases in diversity and abundance of native ant species. S. invicta can replace the role of native ants in mutualisms between ants and honeydew-producing Hemiptera, which results in loss of important food resources for native ants and natural enemies of hemipterans. Further research is required to assess the complex ecosystem-level impacts of S. invicta in introduced areas.
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- 2019
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27. Invasion, expansion, and control of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in China
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Huan LIU, Dong-ju ZHANG, Yi-juan XU, Lei WANG, Dai-feng CHENG, Yi-xiang QI, Ling ZENG, and Yongyue LU
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Oriental fruit fly ,invasion ,biology ,ecology ,management ,China ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is among the most destructive fruit/vegetable-eating agricultural pests in the word, particularly in Asian countries such as China. Because of its widespread distribution, invasive ability, pest status, and economic losses to fruit and vegetable crops, this insect species is viewed as an organism warranting severe quarantine restrictions by many countries in the world. To understand the characteristics and potential for expansion of this pest, this article assembled current knowledge on the occurrence and comprehensive control of the Oriental fruit fly in China concerning the following key aspects: invasion and expansion process, biological and ecological characteristics, dynamic monitoring, chemical ecology, function of symbionts, mechanism of insecticide resistance, control index, and comprehensive control and countermeasures. Some suggestions for the further control and study of this pest are also proposed.
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- 2019
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28. Ceratopteris chunii and Ceratopteris chingii (Pteridaceae), two new diploid species from China, based on morphological, cytological, and molecular data
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Xun-Lin Yu, Yue-Hong Yan, Yong-Bo Liu, Faguo Wang, Qiao-Ling Liu, Rui Zhang, Xi-Ling Dai, and Jun-Hao Yu
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Species complex ,Phenotypic plasticity ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Chromosome ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Pteridaceae ,Ceratopteris ,Botany ,Ploidy ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Understanding how natural hybridization and polyploidizations originate in plants requires identifying potential diploid ancestors. However, cryptic plant species are widespread, particularly in Ceratopteris (Pteridaceae). Identifying Ceratopteris cryptic species with different polyploidy levels is a challenge because Ceratopteris spp exhibit high degrees of phenotypic plasticity. Here, two new cryptic species of Ceratopteris, Ceratopteris chunii and C. chingii, are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that each of the new species form a well-supported clade. Ceratopteris chunii and C. chingii are similar to C. gaudichaudii var. vulgaris and C. pteridoides, respectively, but distinct from their relatives in the stipe, basal pinna of the sterile leaf or subelliptic shape of the fertile leaf, as well as the spore surface. In addition, chromosome studies indicate that Ceratopteris chunii and C. chingii are both diploid. These findings will help us further understand the origin of Ceratopteris polyploids in Asia.
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- 2022
29. CaO and Graphene Oxide Enhances Drought Stress from Callus Tissues of Medicago Sativa L. Cultivars
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YAZICILAR, Büşra, BEZİRGANOGLU, İsmail, CHANG, Yen Ling, and NADAR, Muthukumar
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Alfalfa ,nanoparticules ,mannitol ,in vitro culture ,Biology ,Biyoloji - Abstract
Drought stress can be described as multidimensional stress factors affecting plants’ growth, development, and productivity. In order to reduce the adverse impact of drought stress, a plethora of attempts have been employed. Among those attempts, nano-engineered particles have gained a remarkable attention. Of the relevant particles, calcium oxide (CaO) and graphene oxide (GO) have been well-documented to positively regulate and mediate the plant growth system through shifting physiological biochemical and molecular aspects of the plant. The solo impacts of the nanoparticles are well-known but their interactions were not assayed for Medicago sativa L. cultivars. For that reason, the present study investigates the impact of CaO NPs and GO on the response and regulation of the defensive mechanism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus in drought stress-suffered cultivars. The activation of CaO-GO can be induced with mannitol in the callus of alfalfa cultivars. Dry and fresh weight values were determined in callus samples. There were significant differences between cultivars and concentration. In terms of MDA, H2O2, proline content, it was observed that the Ca2+ NPs application was important, and it showed a strong link with the resistance degree of cultivars. Erzurum cultivar was observed for better proline content with 1.5 ppm GO. MDA activities demonstrated an increasing trend concerning concentrations of mannitol and nanoparticles. The MDA highest activity was observed with 1/2 ppm CaO+0.5/1.5 ppm GO (0.1849 mg/g FW) in the Erzurum. However, the Erzurum cultivar responded with better H2O2 content with 100 mM mannitol +0.5 ppm (0.1017 mg/g FW). This result has presented, under in vitro conditions, that the supplementation of CaO and GO can importantly reduce the negative impacts of drought stress on alfalfa callus; additionally, it has been seen that the dosages of nanoparticle and mannitol are also important.
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- 2022
30. Association of capsular polysaccharide locus 2 with prognosis of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia
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Shan-Chwen Chang, Yee-Chun Chen, Chia-Jui Yang, Wang-Huei Sheng, Yu-Chung Chuang, and Jia-Ling Yang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Imipenem ,Epidemiology ,Immunology ,Tigecycline ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,Virology ,White blood cell ,Internal medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,capsule locus 2 ,biology ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,General Medicine ,Sulbactam ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Confidence interval ,capsular polysaccharide ,QR1-502 ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,virulence ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,outcome ,Parasitology ,business ,acinetobacter baumannii ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii causes healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is shown an important virulence factor of A. baumannii both in vitro and in vivo. Capsule locus 2 (KL2) for CPS is the most common KL type and is associated with carbapenem resistance. It is unclear whether KL2 is related to the clinical outcome of invasive A. baumannii infection. Here we had followed patients with A. baumannii bacteraemia prospectively between 2009 and 2014. One-third of the unduplicated blood isolates were randomly selected each year for microbiological and clinical studies. The KL2 gene cluster was identified using polymerase chain reaction. A total of 148 patients were enrolled randomly. Eighteen isolates (12.2%) carried KL2, and 130 isolates (87.8%) didn't. Compared with non-KL2 isolates, KL2 isolates had significantly higher resistance to imipenem, sulbactam, and tigecycline. Compared with the non-KL group, in the KL2 group, the hospital stay before development of bacteraemia was longer (P
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- 2022
31. Rg1 Promotes the Proliferation and Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via FXR1/Lnc-GAS5-AS1 Pathway
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Steven Mo, Ling-Hui Yang, Zhong-Hong Lai, Zheng-Qiu Wu, Yong-Xian Rong, Yin-Li Xu, Xin-Heng Liu, Hong-Mian Li, Donglin Huang, and Fang-Tian Xu
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Adipogenesis ,Competing endogenous RNA ,microRNA ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,General Medicine ,Stem cell ,KEGG ,Biology ,GAS5 ,Regenerative medicine ,Adipocytokine Signaling Pathway ,Cell biology - Abstract
Background: Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) play an important role in regenerative medicine. Objective: Exploring the mechanism of Rg1 in the promotion of the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs is important in regenerative medicine research. Methods: To observe ginsenoside Rg1 in promoting the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs, Rg1 medium at different concentrations was established and tested using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, oil red O staining, alizarin red, and alcian blue. Compared to the control, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened via DEG analysis, which was carried out in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. To explore the relationship among mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Results: In this study, Rg1 was observed to promote the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. Additionally, enriched BPs and KEGG pathways may be involved in the promotion process, where FXR1 and Lnc-GAS5-AS1 were found to be regulatory factors. The regulatory network suggested that Rg1 could regulate the adipocytokine signaling pathway and IL−17 signaling pathway via FXR1 and Lnc-GAS5-AS1, which served as the mechanism encompassing the promotion of Rg1 on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. Conclusion: A comprehensive transcriptional regulatory network related to the promotion ability of Rg1 was constructed, revealing mechanisms regarding Rg1’s promotion of the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. The present study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the function of hASCs.
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- 2022
32. Overexpression of Epithelial Splicing Regulatory Protein 1 in Metastatic Lesions of Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Correlates with Poor Patient Prognosis
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Ling Wang, Run-zhou Li, Xin Zhou, Qixuan Guo, Xing-shuang Wang, and Xinxin Lu
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Cancer Research ,Carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Metastasis ,Ovarian carcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,RNA, Messenger ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,Pharmacology ,Alternative splicing ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Serous fluid ,Epithelial Splicing Regulatory Protein 1 ,Oncology ,RNA splicing ,Cancer research ,Female ,Ovarian cancer ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Background: Epithelial splicing regulatory proteins (ESRPs) can regulate alternative splicing of RNA and play roles in tumorigenesis and development of various malignancies. In this study, bioinfor...
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- 2022
33. Promoting productive argumentation through students' questions
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May Poh Eng Phua and Aik-Ling Tan
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Argumentation ,Secondary school science ,Biology ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Abstract Questions are important in facilitating the thinking process that leads to learning. There are many research studies examining the use of students’ questions as scaffolds to facilitate argument construction but more needs to be done to understand how these questions are used in generating productive arguments. As such, in this research, we investigate (1) the types of students’ questions generated within a group and how these questions are used in generating productive arguments and (2) strategies used by groups of students who are deemed more successful in generating convincing arguments. Adopting a social constructivist perspective, we examined students’ talk about science within their groups and between groups. We worked with a group of 24 secondary three Biology students to complete a total of seven days of crime scene investigation tasks that required them to make evidence-based decisions to determine the cause of death and solve the crime. The data collected and analyzed included transcripts from students’ oral discourse and written artefacts. We found that asking hypothetical questions promotes the construction of quality arguments. Groups that were more successful in generating quality arguments adopted strategies such as using visible schema constructed from their own questions, testing the strengths of their claims and choosing claims that have the highest number of propositions.
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- 2018
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34. Sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter spinster homolog 2 is essential for iron-regulated metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
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Aiguo Jin, Zheng-Jun Zhou, Min Li, Hui Shen, Yuxiao Tang, Chen Ling, Dongyao Wang, Man Yao, Changquan Ling, Shao-Lai Zhou, Chen Zhong, Xiao-feng Zhai, and Jia Fan
- Subjects
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Iron ,Anion Transport Proteins ,Transferrin receptor ,Biology ,Metastasis ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Movement ,Sphingosine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Sphingosine-1-phosphate ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,neoplasms ,Molecular Biology ,Pharmacology ,Gene knockdown ,Liver Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Lymphatic system ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Lysophospholipids - Abstract
Iron dyshomeostasis is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, the role of iron in HCC metastasis is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of iron’s enhancement activity on HCC metastasis. In addition to the HCC cell lines and clinical samples in vitro, iron deficient (ID) mouse models were generated using iron-free diet and transferrin receptor protein knock out, followed by administration of HCC tumors through either orthotopic or ectopic route. Clinical metastatic HCC samples showed significant ID status, accompanied by overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter spinster homologue 2 (SPNS2). Mechanistically, ID increased SPNS2 expression, leading to HCC metastasis in both cell cultures and mouse models. ID not only altered the anti-tumor immunity, which was indicated by phenotypes of lymphatic subsets in the liver and lung of tumor-bearing mice, but also promoted HCC metastasis in a cancer cell autonomous manner through the SPNS2. Since germline knockout of globe SPNS2 showed significantly reduced HCC metastasis, we further developed hepatic-targeting recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors to knockdown SPNS2 expression and to inhibit iron-regulated HCC metastasis. Our observation indicates the role of iron in HCC pulmonary metastasis and suggests SPNS2 as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of HCC pulmonary metastasis.
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- 2022
35. Anti-infection mechanism of a novel dental implant made of titanium-copper (TiCu) alloy and its mechanism associated with oral microbiology
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Huan Liu, Yue Li, Yulong Tang, Ke Yang, Shuyuan Zhang, Xinluan Wang, Zijian Wang, Hui Liu, Ling Ren, and Ling Qin
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Biocompatibility ,QH301-705.5 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Article ,Microbiology ,Biomaterials ,medicine ,Titanium-copper alloy implants ,Anti infectives ,Biosafety ,Biology (General) ,Dental implant ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,biology ,Anti-infection ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,020601 biomedical engineering ,chemistry ,Oral microbiology ,TA401-492 ,Implant ,Anaerobic bacteria ,0210 nano-technology ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology ,Titanium - Abstract
This work was focused on study of anti-infection ability and its underlying mechanism of a novel dental implant made of titanium-copper (TiCu) alloy. In general, most studies on antibacterial implants have used a single pathogen to test their anti-infection ability using infectious animal models. However, dental implant-associated infections are polymicrobial diseases. We innovatively combine the classic ligature model in dogs with sucrose-rich diets to induce oral infections via the canine native oral bacteria. The anti-infection ability, biocompatibility and underlying mechanism of TiCu implant were systematically investigated in comparison with pure Ti implant via general inspection, hematology, imageology (micro-CT), microbiology (16S rDNA and metagenome), histology, and Cu ion detections. Compared with Ti implant, TiCu implant demonstrated remarkable anti-infection potentials with excellent biocompatibility. Additionally, the underlying anti-infection mechanism of TiCu implant was considered to involve maintaining the oral microbiota homeostasis. It was found that the carbohydrates in the plaques formed on the surface of TiCu implant were metabolized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycles, which prevented the formation of an acidic microenvironment and inhibited the accumulation of acidogens and pathogens, thereby maintaining the microflora balance between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Anti-infective ability of TiCu implant was proved in the peri-implant infection condition induced by natural oral bacteria. • TiCu implant maintained the oral microbiota homeostasis and effectively inhibited the peri-implant infections. • TiCu implant owned good biosafety and anti-infective actions with the potential for clinical applications.
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- 2022
36. Anatomical Comparisons of Neural Systems in Sighted Epigean and Troglobitic Crayfish Species
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Cooper, Robin L., Li, Hao, Long, Ling Yun, Cole, John L., and Hopper, Hilary L.
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- 2001
37. Application of antibody-conjugated small intestine submucosa to capture urine-derived stem cells for bladder repair in a rabbit model
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Yu-Ting Song, Jesse Li-Ling, Jun-Gen Hu, Peng-Cheng Liu, Mao-Xuan Tian, Li Zhou, Qing-Yi Zhang, Xiu-Ru Zhang, Long-Mei Zhao, Yan-Qing Li, Xiu-Zhen Zhang, and Huiqi Xie
- Subjects
Scaffold ,Bladder repair ,biology ,Biocompatibility ,Chemistry ,Regeneration (biology) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Small intestine ,Cell biology ,Biomaterials ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Submucosa ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Stem cell ,Antibody ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The need for bladder reconstruction and side effects of cystoplasty have spawned the demand for the development of alternative material substitutes. Biomaterials such as submucosa of small intestine (SIS) have been widely used as patches for bladder repair, but the outcomes are not fully satisfactory. To capture stem cells in situ has been considered as a promising strategy to speed up the process of re-cellularization and functionalization. In this study, we have developed an anti-CD29 antibody-conjugated SIS scaffold (AC-SIS) which is capable of specifically capturing urine-derived stem cells (USCs) in situ for tissue repair and regeneration. The scaffold has exhibited effective capture capacity and sound biocompatibility. In vivo experiment proved that the AC-SIS scaffold could promote rapid endothelium healing and smooth muscle regeneration. The endogenous stem cell capturing scaffolds has thereby provided a new revenue for developing effective and safer bladder patches.
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- 2022
38. PGT‐A: The biology and hidden failures of randomized control trials
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Li Wang, Xiaohong Wang, Min Li, Yun Liu, Xianghong Ou, Lei Chen, Xiaoguang Shao, Song Quan, Jinliang Duan, Wei He, Huan Shen, Ling Sun, Yuexin Yu, David S. Cram, Donald Leigh, and Yuanqing Yao
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Blastocyst ,Pregnancy ,Single Embryo Transfer ,Humans ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Female ,Fertilization in Vitro ,Genetic Testing ,Aneuploidy ,Biology ,Preimplantation Diagnosis ,Genetics (clinical) ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Preimplantation Genetic Testing - Aneuploidy (PGT-A) for embryo selection has undergone significant advancements in the last 2 decades and yet many studies still fail to demonstrate any clinical benefits over traditional embryo morphology selection (Mo-S). To understand this conundrum, we performed a multi-center clinical study of PGT-A patients, where Mo-S and euploid selection (Eu-S) outcomes were directly compared.All suitable blastocysts were biopsied and analyzed for chromosome copy number. Outcomes (positive beta hCG, implantation, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth rates) for Eu-S were compared to Mo-S using single embryo transfers.Compared to Eu-S embryos, Mo-S embryos resulted in significant reduction of outcomes for positive beta hCG (p = 0.0005), implantation (p = 0.0008), ongoing pregnancy (p = 0.0046), livebirth (p = 0.0112), babies per transfer (p = 0.0112), and babies per embryo transferred (p = 0.0112). Morphology selection resulted in patients of all age groups having non-euploid embryos chosen for transfer. Post-hoc evaluation of individual clinic performances showed variable transfer outcomes that could potentially confound the true benefits of PGT-A.Embryo chromosome status is central to improved embryo transfer outcomes and sole reliance on current morphology-based selection practices, without Eu-S, will always compromise outcomes. Often overlooked but a major effector of successful PGT-A outcomes are individual clinic performances.
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- 2022
39. The transcription factor Sox30 is involved in Nile tilapia spermatogenesis
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Ling Wei, Yaohao Tang, Xianhai Zeng, Li Deng, Song Zhang, Yueqin Li, Deshou Wang, and Lingsong Wang
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Male ,biology ,Spermiogenesis ,Promoter ,Cichlids ,biology.organism_classification ,Spermatids ,Cell biology ,Transcriptome ,Nile tilapia ,Testis ,Sperm Motility ,Genetics ,Transcriptional regulation ,Animals ,Spermatogenesis ,Molecular Biology ,Transcription factor ,Chromatin immunoprecipitation ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and develop into mature spermatozoa. The transcriptional regulatory network involved in fish spermatogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate in Nile tilapia that the Sox transcription factor family member Sox30 is specifically expressed in the testes and mainly localizes to spermatocytes and spermatids. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated sox30 mutation results in abnormal spermiogenesis, reduction of sperm motility, and male subfertility. Comparative transcriptome analysis shows that sox30 mutation alters the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), ChIP-PCR, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that Sox30 positively regulates the transcription of ift140 and ptprb, two genes involved in spermiogenesis, by directly binding to their promoters. Our data, taken together, indicate that Sox30 plays an essential role in Nile tilapia spermatogenesis by directly regulating the transcription of the spermiogenesis-related genes ift140 and ptprb.
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- 2022
40. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Burkart, Katrin, Causey, Kate, Cohen, Aaron J., Wozniak, Sarah S., Salvi, Devashri Digvijay, Abbafati, Cristiana, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adsuar, Jose C., Ahmadi, Keivan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alipour, Vahid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Ansari, Fereshteh, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Aripov, Timur, Babaee, Ebrahim, Banach, Maciej, Barnett, Anthony, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Béjot, Yannick, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Bernstein, Robert S., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A., Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cantu-Brito, Carlos, Carvalho, Felix, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Bal Govind, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Duncan, Bruce B., El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A., Freitas, Marisa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gill, Paramjit, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajat Das, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J., Hasanpoor, Edris, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Heibati, Behzad, Hole, Michael K., Hossain, Naznin, Househ, Mowafa, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaydi, Neda, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kugbey, Nuworza, Lauriola, Paolo, Lee, Paul H., Leili, Mostafa, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Yong, Lorkowski, Stefan, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Navid, Martini, Santi, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Moraga, Paula, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Naik, Gurudatta, Nangia, Vinay, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Raoofi, Samira, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Rezapour, Aziz, Ribeiro, Daniela, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Violante, Francesco S., Waheed, Yasir, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Yamada, Tomohide, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zhang, Yunquan, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Brauer, Michael, HASH(0x5651c97b2c90), GBD 2019 Diabetes and Air Pollution Collaborators, QE Econometrics, RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)
- Subjects
Contaminación del Aire ,Health (social science) ,Type II Diabetes ,Type 2 diabetes deaths ,air pollution ,and YLLs attributable to all PM2·5 air pollution ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,and change from 1990 to 2019 ,DALYs ,burden of disease ,Global Burden of Disease ,Carga Global de Enfermedades ,MELLITUS ,INFLAMMATION ,and household PM2·5 pollution from solid fuels in seven GBD super-regions and globally in 2019 ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Biology ,ASSOCIATIONS ,RISK ,INSULIN-RESISTANCE ,GBD 2019 Diabetes and Air Pollution Collaborators ,Health Policy ,Material Particulado ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Bayes Theorem ,LONG-TERM EXPOSURE ,Humanos ,YLDs ,Chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida ,ambient PM2·5 pollution ,Particulate Matter ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Human medicine ,FINE PARTICULATE MATTER ,RA - Abstract
Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution.Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals.Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2·5.Interpretation: Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2·5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- Published
- 2022
41. Angiopoietin4 (ANGPT4) expression and potential mechanisms in carcinogenesis: current achievements and perspectives.
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Zhou, Wen-chao, Zhang, Qun-feng, Chen, Jun-ling, Gan, Jin-peng, Li, Yu-kun, and Zou, Juan
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CARCINOGENESIS ,PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases ,PI3K/AKT pathway ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,BIOLOGY ,HUMAN carcinogenesis - Abstract
Angiopoietin4(ANGPT4) which plays a significant role in endothelial cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and expansion in tumors and other pathological states is a significant regulator of tumor angiogenesis. ANGPT4 expression is enhanced in many cancer cells. For example, the overexpression of ANGPT4 promotes the formation, development and progress of lung adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma and ovarian cancer. Related studies show that ANGPT4 encourages the proliferation, survival and invasion of tumor cells, while promoting the expansion of the tumor vascular system and affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. ANGPT4 can also promote carcinogenesis by affecting the ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT and other signal pathways downstream of tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2(TIE2) and TIE2. Therefore, ANGPT4 may be a potential and significant biomarker for predicting malignant tumor progression and adverse outcomes. In addition, inhibition of ANGPT4 may be a meaningful cancer treatment. This paper reviews the latest research results of ANGPT4 in preclinical research, and emphasizes its role in carcinogenesis. Additional research on the carcinogenic function of ANGPT4 could provide new insights into cancer biology and novel methods for cancer diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Interactions between benthic macroinvertebrates and saltmarsh plants : consequences for saltmarsh restoration and the policy of managed realignment on the coast of SE England
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Paramor, Odette Ay Ling
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578 ,Biology - Abstract
Over the last half century, the saltmarshes of south east England have undergone an extensive decline, especially the pioneer zone vegetation. These losses have generally been blamed on coastal squeeze resulting from sea level rising against sea walls. There is little evidence to support this hypothesis however, and an alternative hypothesis, based on infaunal invertebrates preventing the establishment of saltmarsh plants was tested. In the managed realignment site at Tollesbury, and the other sites examined, the mudflat fauna was dominated by Nereis (= Hediste) diversicolor and Hydrobia ulvae. In laboratory experiments N. diversicolor and H. ulvae reduced the production of seedlings from seeds of Salicornia europaea agg.. Conversely the presence of S. europaea agg. significantly reduced the normal burrowing activity of N. diversicolor. Invertebrate exclusion experiments established at five sites in south east England facilitated colonisation by saltmarsh plants at some sites (Orplands, the Blythe Estuary, Wallasea Island and Maldon), by excluding large (>3cm) N. diversicolor. However, at the Tollesbury realignment site, the high rate of sediment deposition and the relatively long distance to a source of seeds prevented plant colonisation. This study supports the hypothesis that establishment of saltmarsh vegetation is prevented by infaunal invertebrates,particularly N.diversicolor, which exclude plants through bioturbation, herbivory and granivory. These interactions may help explain the loss of saltmarshes and will reduce the success of future managed realignment schemes which depend upon the colonisation of new intertidal areas by saltmarsh vegetation. Further management of realignment sites will be necessary to encourage saltmarsh development.
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- 2001
43. Zebrafish hox Clusters and Vertebrate Genome Evolution
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Amores, Angel, Force, Allan, Yan, Yi-Lin, Joly, Lucille, Amemiya, Chris, Fritz, Andreas, Ho, Robert K., Langeland, James, Prince, Victoria, Wang, Yan-Ling, Westerfield, Monte, Ekker, Marc, and Postlethwait, John H.
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- 1998
44. Mitochondrial stress adaptation promotes resistance to aromatase inhibitor in human breast cancer cells via ROS/calcium up-regulated amphiregulin–estrogen receptor loop signaling
- Author
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Yen Dun Tzeng, Sheng Fan Wang, Hsin Chen Lee, Yuh Lih Chang, Shiuan Chen, Chun Ling Wu, Ling Ming Tseng, and Yuanzhong Wang
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Cancer Research ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,medicine.drug_class ,Estrogen receptor ,Breast Neoplasms ,Mitochondrion ,Amphiregulin ,Growth factor receptor ,medicine ,Humans ,Aromatase ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Aromatase inhibitor ,biology ,Aromatase Inhibitors ,Mitochondria ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Oncology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Letrozole ,MCF-7 Cells ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Calcium ,Female ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Many breast cancer patients harbor high estrogen receptor (ER) expression in tumors that can be treated with endocrine therapy, which includes aromatase inhibitors (AI); unfortunately, resistance often occurs. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been thought to contribute to progression and to be related to hormone receptor expression in breast tumors. Mitochondrial alterations in AI-resistant breast cancer have not yet been defined. In this study, we characterized mitochondrial alterations and their roles in AI resistance. MCF-7aro AI-resistant breast cancer cells were shown to have significant changes in mitochondria. Low expressions of mitochondrial genes and proteins could be poor prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. Long-term mitochondrial inhibitor treatments-mediated mitochondrial stress adaptation could induce letrozole resistance. ERα-amphiregulin (AREG) loop signaling was activated and contributed to mitochondrial stress adaptation-mediated letrozole resistance. The up-regulation of AREG-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) crosstalk activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK pathways and was responsible for ERα activation. Moreover, mitochondrial stress adaptation-increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were shown to induce AREG expression and secretion. In conclusion, our results support the claim that mitochondrial stress adaptation contributes to AI resistance via ROS/calcium-mediated AREG-ERα loop signaling and provide possible treatment targets for overcoming AI resistance.
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- 2021
45. Two new ionones from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa
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Xiaoke Zheng, Xi-Ling Fan, Yan-Gang Cao, Yan-Ling Liu, Ying-Jie Ren, Weisheng Feng, Chen He, Xu Chen, Yu-han Zhang, and Mengnan Zeng
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Tubule ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Rat kidney ,Plant Science ,Rehmannia glutinosa ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Two new ionones, frehmaglutin F (1) and frehmaglutin G (2), along with eight known compounds (3–10) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. All the structures were established by interpretation of the MS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by comparing their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The protective effects of all compounds against LPS-induced normal rat kidney tubule epithelioid (NRK-52e) cells were evaluated by MTT and RTCA assay. The results indicated that compounds 4 and 6–8 exhibited moderate protective activities with the EC50 values of 10.2–40.7 μM.
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- 2021
46. Deinococcus aestuarii sp. nov. and Deinococcus aquaedulcis sp. nov., two novel resistant bacteria isolated from pearl river estuary
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Li Duan, Bao-Zhu Fang, Pandeng Wang, Xiao-Qing Luo, Lei Dong, Ze-Tao Liu, Wen-Jun Li, Ling-Zi Yin, Shan-Hui Li, and Jia-Ling Li
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Diamino acid ,Microbiology ,Cell wall ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rivers ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Deinococcus ,Molecular Biology ,Phospholipids ,Phylogeny ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Estuary ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Polar lipids ,biology.organism_classification ,16S ribosomal RNA ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Resistant bacteria ,chemistry ,Estuaries - Abstract
Two novel species of the genus Deinococcus, designated SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T, were isolated from freshwater samples of the Pearl River estuary in Guangdong, China. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strains SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T showed the highest sequence similarities to Deinococcus aetherius JCM 11751 T (93.6%) and Deinococcus multiflagellatus NBRC 112888 T (97.3%), respectively. Cells of both strains were Gram-staining positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, oxidase-negative and non-motile. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as their diagnostic diamino acid. MK-8 was the predominant respiratory quinone for both strains. The polar lipid profile of SYSU M49105T contained two unidentified phosphoglycolipids, nine unidentified glycolipids, and five unidentified polar lipids. SYSU M42101T had one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, nine unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and four unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids of strains SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/ or C16:1 ω6c) and C16:0. The G + C contents of the novel isolates based on genomic DNAs were 69.6% and 67.4%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strains SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T should be considered to represent two novel species in the genus Deinococcus, for which the names Deinococcus aestuarii sp. nov. and Deinococcus aquaedulcis sp. nov. were proposed with the type strains SYSU M49105T (= KCTC 43258 T = CGMCC 1.18609 T) and SYSU M42101T (= KCTC 43257 T = CGMCC 1.18614 T), respectively.
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- 2021
47. Rhesus Blood Typing within a Few Seconds by Packing-Enhanced Nanoscattering on Individual Erythrocytes
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Sebastian J. Davis, I-Shin Chen, Aleksandra Radenovic, Chao-Hsuan Hung, Man-Ling Chang, and Po-Ling Chang
- Subjects
Erythrocytes ,Population ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Economic shortage ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Blood typing ,Analytical Chemistry ,Blood group antigens ,Andrology ,ABO blood group system ,medicine ,Humans ,Typing ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Red blood cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ,biology.protein ,Gold ,Antibody ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A method for the ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group typing from individual erythrocytes is proposed in this study. Blood-group-specific antibodies immobilized to gold nanoparticles (BG-AuNP) were utilized for the identification of blood groups from individual erythrocytes by objective-type dark-field microscopy (OTDFM). The scattering of free BG-AuNP and their Brownian motion as well as BG-AuNP attached on erythrocytes is easily observed by OTDFM. The strong scattering intensity caused by BG-AuNP packing-enhanced nanoscattering (PENS) on erythrocytes is first demonstrated. PENS combined with OTDFM allows us to identify blood groups within 5 s for all blood group antigens including A, B, D, C, c, E, and e. This was immediately identified by mixing with BG-AuNP without any washing step or waiting for hemoagglutination. Therefore, PENS combined with OTDFM demonstrates feasibility and advantages for use in emergency transfusions where the blood group of patients is unknown. Moreover, matching RhD+ in the case of emergency transfusions may also be beneficial in reducing the shortage of RhD- red blood cell concentrate in the case of a population with a high frequency in RhD-.
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- 2021
48. Mutation spectrum of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Central South China
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Lu Shen, Ling Huang, Ruxu Zhang, Jie Ni, Jianguang Tang, Junling Wang, Hong Jiang, Beisha Tang, Mengli Wang, Xiaorong Hou, Yanchun Yuan, Xuan Hou, Ling Weng, Zhen Liu, Pan Liu, Wanzhen Li, Yiting Hu, Juan Du, and Qi Niu
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,Aging ,South china ,SOD1 ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,Superoxide Dismutase-1 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Asian People ,medicine ,CACNA1H ,Humans ,Age of Onset ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Gene ,Genetic Association Studies ,Ataxin-2 ,Genes, Dominant ,Genetics ,Mutation ,biology ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,Mean age ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,NIMA-Related Kinase 1 ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,RNA-Binding Protein FUS ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
To analyze the mutational spectrum of known ALS causative genes in China ALS patients. We comprehensively analyzed 51 ALS causative genes by combining different sequencing technologies in 753 unrelated ALS patients from Central South China. The mean age at onset (AAO) was 53.7±11.4 years. The AAO was earlier in the autosomal dominant (AD) ALS patients than in the sporadic ALS (sALS) patients. Bulbar onset was more frequent in females than in males. SOD1 was the most frequently mutated gene in the AD-ALS and the sALS patients, followed by the ATXN2 and FUS genes in the AD-ALS patients and the NEK1 and CACNA1H genes in the sALS patients. Patients with RDVs in the SOD1 or FUS genes had an earlier AAO than the mean AAO of all the patients, while the patients with RDVs in the NEK1 gene showed later onset. SOD1 gene was the most commonly mutated gene in ALS patients in China, followed by ATXN2 and NEK1. The phenotype might be determined synergistically by sex and genetic variants.
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- 2021
49. Biogeographical distributions of nitrogen‐cycling functional genes in a subtropical estuary
- Author
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Lin Jiang, Bao-Zhu Fang, Xiao-Qing Luo, Manzoor Ahmad, Ling-Zi Yin, Pandeng Wang, Shan-Hui Li, Li Duan, Wen-Jun Li, Jia-Ling Li, and Yuchun Yang
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Estuary ,Functional genes ,Subtropics ,Biology ,Nitrogen cycle ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
50. Dietary phosphorus requirement of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) alevins cultured in freshwater
- Author
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Xiang-yi Qiu, Bing-bing Chen, Ling-yao Li, Ling-ling Shan, Xu Cong-mei, Qin Zhang, Yu Hai-rui, Tian Qi, and Jin-qian Liu
- Subjects
Animal science ,biology ,Oncorhynchus ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Dietary Phosphorus - Published
- 2021
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