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Cline, M.S., Liao, R.G., Parsons, M.T., Paten, B., Alquaddoomi, F., Antoniou, A., Baxter, S., Brody, L., Cook-Deegan, R., Coffin, A., Couch, F.J., Craft, B., Currie, R., Dlott, C.C., Dolman, L., Dunnen, J.T. den, Dyke, S.O.M., Domchek, S.M., Easton, D., Fischmann, Z., Foulkes, W.D., Garber, J., Goldgar, D., Goldman, M.J., Goodhand, P., Harrison, S., Haussler, D., Kato, K., Knoppers, B., Markello, C., Nussbaum, R., Offit, K., Plon, S.E., Rashbass, J., Rehm, H.L., Robson, M., Rubinstein, W.S., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Tavtigian, S., Thorogood, A., Zhang, C., Zimmermann, M., Burn, J., Chanock, S., Ratsch, G., Spurdle, A.B., Andreoletti, G., Baker, D., Brenner, S., Brush, M., Caputo, S., Castera, L., Cunningham, F., Hoya, M. de la, Diekhans, M., Dolinsky, J., Dwight, S., Eccles, D., Feng, B., Fiume, M., Flicek, P., Gaudet, P., Garcia, E.G., Haendel, M., Haeussler, M., Hahnen, E., Houdayer, C., Hunt, S., James, P., Lebo, M., Lee, J., Lerner-Ellis, J., Lin, M., Lincoln, S., Malheiro, A., Mesenkamp, A., Monteiro, A., Natzijl-Visser, E., Ngeow, J., North, K., Parkinson, H., Paschall, J., Patrinos, G., Phimister, B., Radice, P., Rainville, I., Rasmussen, M., Riley, G., Rouleau, E., Schmutzler, R., Shefchek, K., Sofia, H., Southey, M., Stuart, J., Thomas, J., Toland, A., Truty, R., Turn-Bull, C., Vaur, D., Vreeswijk, M.P.G., Walker, L., Walsh, M., Wappenschmidt, B., Weitzel, J., Wright, M., Zalunin, V., Zaranek, A., Zerbino, D., Zhou, A., Zhou, J., Zook, J., BRCA Challenge Authors, Eng, Charis, Liao, Rachel G [0000-0002-7830-1976], Parsons, Michael T [0000-0003-3242-8477], Alquaddoomi, Faisal [0000-0003-4297-8747], Baxter, Samantha [0000-0003-4616-9234], Coffin, Amy [0000-0003-2723-8222], Currie, Robert [0000-0003-1828-1827], Dlott, Chloe C [0000-0002-7268-7230], Dolman, Lena [0000-0002-3938-588X], Fischmann, Zachary [0000-0002-7687-0972], Foulkes, William D [0000-0001-7427-4651], Goldman, Mary J [0000-0002-9808-6388], Goodhand, Peter [0000-0002-2624-2820], Harrison, Steven [0000-0002-9614-9111], Haussler, David [0000-0003-1533-4575], Markello, Charles [0000-0002-3653-7155], Plon, Sharon E [0000-0002-9626-0936], Rehm, Heidi L [0000-0002-6025-0015], Rubinstein, Wendy S [0000-0002-8790-9959], Tavtigian, Sean [0000-0002-7543-8221], Thorogood, Adrian [0000-0001-5078-8164], Chanock, Stephen [0000-0002-2324-3393], Rätsch, Gunnar [0000-0001-5486-8532], Spurdle, Amanda B [0000-0003-1337-7897], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Volta U, Bardella MT, Calabrò A, Troncone R, Corazza GR, Study Group for Non Celiac Gluten S.e.n.s.i.t.i.v.i.t.y. Authors’ contributions UV: Study design, clinical evaluation, enrollment of patients, data analysis, writing of the manuscript, final s.u.p.e.r.v.i.s.i.o.n. MTB: Study design, final supervision of the m.a.n.u.s.c.r.i.p.t. AC, RT: Study design, final supervision of the m.a.n.u.s.c.r.i.p.t. GRC: Study design, final supervision of the m.a.n.u.s.c.r.i.p.t. All authors read, approved the final m.a.n.u.s.c.r.i.p.t. The Study Group for Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, included Carmela Bagnato, Claudio Belcari, Antonella Bellantoni, Giacomo Caio, Francesca Calella, Maria Cappello, Carolina Ciacci, Cinzia D’Agate, Italo De Vitis, Antonio Di Sabatino, Gianmarco Fava, Maria Rita Frau, Alessandro Fugazza, Stefano Andrea Grassi, Giuseppina Larcinese, Giovanni Latella, Adriano Lauri, Angelo Lauria, Nicoletta Lenoci, Norma Beatriz Lopez Rios, Donatella Macchia, Mauro Minelli, Beba Molinari, Olivia Morelli, Maria Gloria Mumolo, Giovanni Niccoli, Caterina Pacenza, Francesco Pallone, Fabrizio Parente, Raffaella Pulitanò, Rossella Pumpo, Antonio Rispo, Flavio Romolo Rispoli, Francesco Tedone, Flavio Valiante, Giovanni Viviani, Paolo Usai S.a.t.t.a. All these authors performed clinical evaluation, as well as final supervision of the manuscript, RIEGLER, Gabriele, DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE E CHIRURGICHE, Da definire, Volta U, Bardella MT, Calabrò A, Troncone R, Corazza GR, Study Group for Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, Volta, U, Bardella, Mt, Calabrò, A, Troncone, R, Corazza, Gr, Authors’ contributions UV: Study design, Study Group for Non Celiac Gluten S. e. n. s. i. t. i. v. i. t. y., Clinical, Evaluation, enrollment of, Patient, Data, Analysi, writing of the, Manuscript, MTB: Study design, final s. u. p. e. r. v. i. s. i. o. n., final supervision of the m. a. n. u. s. c. r. i. p. t., Ac, RT: Study, Design, GRC: Study design, final supervision of the m. a. n. u. s. c. r. i. p. t., All authors read, final supervision of the m. a. n. u. s. c. r. i. p. t., The Study Group for Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, approved the final m. a. n. u. s. c. r. i. p. t., included Carmela, Bagnato, Claudio, Belcari, Antonella, Bellantoni, Giacomo, Caio, Francesca, Calella, Maria, Cappello, Carolina, Ciacci, Cinzia, D’Agate, Italo De, Viti, Antonio Di, Sabatino, Gianmarco, Fava, Maria Rita, Frau, Alessandro, Fugazza, Stefano Andrea, Grassi, Giuseppina, Larcinese, Giovanni, Latella, Adriano, Lauri, Angelo, Lauria, Nicoletta, Lenoci, Norma Beatriz Lopez, Rio, Donatella, Macchia, Mauro, Minelli, Beba, Molinari, Olivia, Morelli, Maria Gloria, Mumolo, Giovanni, Niccoli, Caterina, Pacenza, Francesco, Pallone, Fabrizio, Parente, Raffaella, Pulitanò, Rossella, Pumpo, Riegler, Gabriele, Antonio, Rispo, Flavio Romolo, Rispoli, Francesco, Tedone, Flavio, Valiante, Giovanni, Viviani, All these authors performed clinical evaluation, Paolo Usai S. a. t. t. a., as well as final supervision of the, Manuscript, and The Study Group for Non-Celiac Gluten, Sensitivity

Deelen, P., Menelaou, A., van Leeuwen, E., Kanterakis, A., van Dijk, F., Medina-Gomez, C., Francioli, L., Hottenga, J., Karssen, L., Estrada, K., Kreiner-Møller, E., Rivadeneira, F., van Setten, J., Gutierrez-Achury, J., Westra, H., Franke, L., van Enckevort, D., Dijkstra, M., Byelas, H., van Duijn, C., including authors, Stoneking, M., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9044-6679, Li, M., others, de Bakker, P., Wijmenga, C., Swertz, M., Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Genome of the Netherlands Consortium, Epidemiology, Dermatology, Internal Medicine, Biological Psychology, and EMGO+ - Mental Health

Bartolini, A, Cardaci, S, Lamba, S, Oddo, D, Marchiò, C, Cassoni, P, Amoreo, Ca, Corti, G, Testori, A, Bussolino, F, Pasqualini, R, Arap, W, Corà, D, Di Nicolantonio, F, Marchiò, S., and co-last authors and corresponding authors

Authors Li Gao, Ye Tian, Meng-Ci Chen, Li Wei, Tian-Ge Gao, Hong-Ju Yin, Jin-Lin Zhang, Tanweer Kumar, Lin-Bo Liu, and Suo-Min Wang

Wan Li, Chen Cheng dong Wang Shi jie, Li De Sheng, Zheng Zhi he, Wang Cheng dong, Yan Qi gui, Guo Wan zhu, Wang Xiao yu, and Guo Authors contributed equally Ling

Rosato, Paola, Anastasiadou, Eleni, Garg, Neha, Lenze, D., Boccellato, Francesco, Vincenti, S., Severa, M., Coccia, E. M., Bigi, Rachele, Cirone, Mara, Ferretti, Elisabetta, Campese, Antonio Francesco, Hummel, M, Frati, Luigi, Presutti, Carlo, Faggioni, Alberto, Trivedi, Pankaj, First two authors equally contributed, Department of Experimental Medicine [Roma], Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases [Rome], and Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome]

Authors Michael R. Hamblin and Giulio Jori

Francois Bobin, Jerome R. Lechien, Mihaela Horoi, Alexandra Rodriguez, Camille Finck, Marie Paule Thill, Sven Saussez, Vinciane Muls, Didier Dequanter, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), SFORL (SFORL), SFORL, ELSAN-Polyclinique de Poitiers, International Business Machines Corporation, IBM BE076201837630, Patients with LPR symptoms and signs were enrolled from three European hospitals (University Hospital Center Saint-Pierre, Cesar De Paepe Hospital, Brussels, Belgium, Elsan Private Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France) from January 2018 to June 2019. The LPR diagnostic was based on the occurrence of one or more acid or nonacid hypopharyngeal reflux episodes at the HEMII-pH.8 Elderly patients (?60 years old) and those with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms benefited from GI endoscopy for excluding esophagitis. Patients with the following conditions were excluded: smoker, alcohol dependence, pregnancy, neurological or psychiatric illness, upper respiratory tract infection within the last month, current use of antireflux treatment, previous history of neck surgery or trauma, benign vocal fold lesions, malignancy, history of ear, nose, and throat radiotherapy, and active seasonal allergies or asthma. The local ethics committee approved the study protocol (CHU Saint-Pierre, Universit? Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), No. BE076201837630). Patients were invited to participate, and informed consent was obtained. Patients with LPR symptoms and signs were enrolled from three European hospitals (University Hospital Center Saint-Pierre, Cesar De Paepe Hospital, Brussels, Belgium, Elsan Private Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France) from January 2018 to June 2019. The LPR diagnostic was based on the occurrence of one or more acid or nonacid hypopharyngeal reflux episodes at the HEMII-pH.8 Elderly patients (?60 years old) and those with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms benefited from GI endoscopy for excluding esophagitis. Patients with the following conditions were excluded: smoker, alcohol dependence, pregnancy, neurological or psychiatric illness, upper respiratory tract infection within the last month, current use of antireflux treatment, previous history of neck surgery or trauma, benign vocal fold lesions, malignancy, history of ear, nose, and throat radiotherapy, and active seasonal allergies or asthma. The characteristics of the HEMII-pH device, placement, and analyses have been described in previous publications.9,10 In summary, eight impedance segments and two pH electrodes composed the HEMII-pH (Versaflex Z, Digitrapper pH-Z Testing System, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). The impedance segments were placed along the esophagus zones (Z1 to Z6, centered at 19, 17, 11, 9, 7, and 5 cm above the lower esophagus sphincter (LES)). Two additional impedance segments were placed 1 and 2 cm above the upper esophagus sphincter (UES) in the hypopharynx. The pH electrodes were placed 2 cm above LES and 1?2 cm below the UES, respectively. A proximal/hypopharyngeal reflux event consisted of an episode reaching two impedance sensors in the hypopharynx. An acid reflux episode consisted of an episode with pH ? 4.0. A nonacid reflux episode consisted of an episode with pH > 4.0. The device was placed in the morning (8:00 a.m.), and was removed the next morning (8:00 a.m.). The patients collected three saliva samples, respectively, in the morning (fasting), and 1 to 2 hours after lunch and dinner, during 24-hour HEMII-pH testing. Patients carefully detailed foods and beverages consumed during the meals before the saliva sample collection. The saliva sample was collected into a 30-mL universal sample collection tube containing citric acid for preserving the action of any pepsin present. The saliva samples were stored in a refrigerator after the collection. The measurement of saliva pepsin level was performed through the Peptest device (RD Biomed, Hull, United Kingdom) by a trained lab technician. The steps of pepsin measurement were performed in a standardized procedure, which has been previously described.9 The saliva pepsin concentration was measured using the Cube Reader (RD Biomed, Hull, United Kingdom), which detects pepsin down to 16 ng/mL. If the results did not reach 16 ng/mL, the test was considered negative. The therapeutic algorithm was based on recent recommendations of the LPR Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies.1 Based on the HEMII-pH characteristics of LPR (daytime, nighttime, acid, nonacid, or mixed LPR), patients received a personalized therapeutic scheme associating diet, behavioral changes, and use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (pantoprazole) ? alginate (Gaviscon Advance, Reckitt Benckiser, Slough, United Kingdom) ? magaldrate (Riopan, Takeda, Zaventem, Belgium) for 3 months. Medication intake was evaluated posttreatment through a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (?I did not take the medication?) to 10 (?I never forgot the medication?). Patients who did not take medication were excluded. Symptoms and findings were assessed from pre- to posttreatment with the Reflux Symptom Score (RSS)10 and Reflux Sign Assessment (RSA).11 The RSS is a 22-item, validated patient-reported outcome questionnaire assessing frequency, severity, and the impact of LPR symptoms on quality of life (Fig. 1).10 The RSA is a validated finding score rating both laryngeal and extralaryngeal signs associated with reflux (Fig. 2).11 The RSA was rated by three blinded laryngologists (j.r.l., f.b., c.f.) regarding the pre- to posttreatment status (videolaryngostroboscopy recordings and oral cavity photos). At the first consultation, patients were invited to report their diet habits through two standardized diet grids describing both foods and beverages usually consumed in Western Europe (Tables I and II).12 Western European foods and beverages were classified in five categories from ?very low refluxogenic food/beverage? (category 1) to ?very high refluxogenic food/beverage? (category 5). This classification of foods and beverages was based on the calculation of a score assessing the refluxogenic potential of foods and beverages (Refluxogenic Diet Score [REDS]). The REDS considers pH, fat, protein, sugar composition, and other specific factors.12 From the patient anamnesis, the authors calculated the Global Refluxonic Score (GRES), which consists of the addition of REDS of foods and beverages that have been consumed by patients over the past 2 weeks. The refluxogenic potential of foods and beverages that have been consumed during the 24-hour HEMII-pH testing (and before the saliva sample collections) was evaluated through the Refluxogenic Score of a Dish (RESDI), which consists of the weighted sum of the REDS of foods and beverages consumed during a meal.12 The RESDI may be calculated as absolute (sum of all RESDIs of the testing period) or mean (mean of all RESDIs of the testing period). At the end of the consultation, patients received a personalized diet grid identifying the foods and beverages to avoid (i.e., a diet therapeutic scheme). In practice, based on this table, laryngopharyngeal reflux patients selected the foods and beverages that they consumed once or more over the past 2 weeks, and the physician may add the categories corresponding of the consumed foods or beverages to get a score, called the Global Reflux Score. Several foods may be upgraded or downgraded according to characteristics. Raw vegetables are less digestible and may be associated with low gastric emptying time, in case of raw consumption, the food has to be upgraded 1 category. Except for green salad, the addition of vinegar or vinaigrette upgrades the category. In cases of the addition of spicy (for example, spicy ketchup), these foods have to be upgraded. For sugar, only the pH and the glycemic index have been considered regarding the lack of fat. Because spicy has no lipid and no pH, the authors based the classification of this food on the literature. If the patients only eat industrial foods (ready-made food), the foods may be upgraded regarding the acidifying potential of industrial conservative. REDS = Refluxogenic Diet Score. In practice, based on this table, laryngopharyngeal reflux patients selected the foods and beverages that they consume once or more over the past 2 weeks and the physician may add the categories corresponding of the consumed foods or beverages to get a score, called the Global Reflux Score. The classification of beverages depends on pH. For hot chocolate, the category is upgraded for additional sugar. GI high sugar-related osmolarity. The alcohol degree (>3% = upgrade). Sparkling (upgrade). Presence or lack of caffeine or theine (upgrade or downgrade). + beverage exhibits a GI>40. Cat. = category at baseline, GI = glycemic index, UCat. = upgraded category. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS version 22.0, and IBM, Armonk, NY). The relationship between GRES, RESDI of meals preceding the saliva pepsin collection, HEMII-pH findings, pre- and posttreatment RSS, and RSA was analyzed through multiple linear regression. Pre- to posttreatment changes in RSS, RSA, and GRES were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. A level of significance of P <.05 was used.

Katharina Kainz, Maria A. Bauer, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Guido Kroemer, Sebastian J. Hofer, Frank Madeo, Andreas Zimmermann, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], BioHealth Graz [Graz, Autriche], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Plateforme de métabolomique, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Cell Biology Platform [Villejuif], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Pôle de biologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], BioTechMed Graz [Graz, Autriche], The authors are grateful to the Austrian Science Fund FWF (SFBLIPOTOX F3007&F3012, W1226, P29203, P29262, P27893) and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the University of Graz for grants 'Unkonventionelle Forschung' and 'flysleep' (BMWFW-80.109/0001-WF/V/3b/2015). The authors also acknowledge the funding of DK Metabolic and Cardiovas-cular Disease (FWF) and the Doctoral College 'Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease' (FWFW1226) as well as support from NAWI Graz and the BioTechMed-Graz flagship project 'EPIAge'. GK is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) – Projets blancs, ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), Association 'Le Cancer du Sein, Parlons-en!', Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), a donation by Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR), Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China (GDW20171100085), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001), the RHU Torino Lumière, the Seerave Foundation, the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM)., Bodescot, Myriam, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Ahmed Haouz, Rongxing Liu, Ariel E. Mechaly, Jean-Marie Dupret, Marianna Parlato, Fernando Rodrigues Lima, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan, Qing Nian, Jérémy Berthelet, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China [Chengdu] (UESTC), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Cristallographie (Plateforme) - Crystallography (Platform), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was supported by institutional grants from Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur and CNRS. Q. N. and R. L. were supported by a PhD fellowship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). J. B. was supported by a PhD fellowship from Région Ile de France (Cancéropole)., and The authors thank the staff of the crystallography platform at Institut Pasteur for carrying out robot-driven crystallization screening. The authors acknowledge synchroton SOLEIL (Saint-Aubin, France) for granting access to their facility and the staff of Proxima1 for helpful assistance during the data collection. The authors also thank the technical platform 'Bioprofiler' from the BFA Unit for provision of UFLC facilities.

Amandine Buffet, Sandrine Isaac, Marc Garcia-Garcera, Candice Stoudmann, Thibault G. Sana, Nicolas Flaugnatti, Nina Vesel, Leonardo F. Lemos Rocha, Sandrine Stutzmann, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, Olaya Rendueles, Melanie Blokesch, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Génomique évolutive des Microbes / Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by a Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council (ERC, 724630-CholeraIndex), the Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP 72 grant 407240_167061), and a grant from the Novartis Foundation for medical-biological research (#18C178) to M.B. M.B. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) International Research Scholar (#55008726). O.R. received funding from an Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) JCJC grant [ANR 18 CE12 0001 01 ENCAPSULATION] and the work by E.R., O.R., and A.B. was supported by grants from the Laboratoire d’Excellence IBEID [ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID] and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale [Equipe FRM: EQU201903007835]., The authors thank Trevor Lawley and his team for provision of the strains from the Human Gastrointestinal Bacteria Culture Collection (HBC) and the Baby Biome Study (BBS) collection, Jean-Marc Ghigo for sharing E. coli strain Ec300 and its rfaH mutant, Eric Cascales for S. enterica and the EAEC strains, and Bärbel Stecher and Simone Herp for initial discussions on T6SS and microbiota. The authors acknowledge the staff of the Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility at the University of Lausanne for sample processing and sequencing., ANR-18-CE12-0001,ENCAPSULATION,Le rôle évolutif des capsules dans l'adaptation bactérienne(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 724630,H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC) ,CholeraIndex(2018), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)

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Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, Nobuyuki, Takeda, Yoshito, Hirata, Haruhiko, Shiroyama, Takayuki, Miyawaki, Satoru, Suzuki, Ken, Maeda, Yuichi, Nii, Takuro, Noda, Yoshimi, Niitsu, Takayuki, Adachi, Yuichi, Enomoto, Takatoshi, Amiya, Saori, Hara, Reina, Takahashi, Kunihiko, Anzai, Tatsuhiko, Hasegawa, Takanori, Ito, Satoshi, Koike, Ryuji, Endo, Akifumi, Uchimura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Yasunari, Honda, Takayuki, Tateishi, Tomoya, Tohda, Shuji, Ichimura, Naoya, Sonobe, Kazunari, Sassa, Chihiro, Nakajima, Jun, Nannya, Yasuhito, Omae, Yosuke, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Harada, Norihiro, Hiki, Makoto, Takagi, Haruhi, Nakamura, Ai, Tagaya, Etsuko, Kawana, Masatoshi, Arimura, Ken, Ishiguro, Takashi, Takayanagi, Noboru, Isono, Taisuke, Takaku, Yotaro, Takano, Kenji, Anan, Ryusuke, Nakajima, Yukiko, Nakano, Yasushi, Nishio, Kazumi, Ueda, Soichiro, Hayashi, Reina, Tateno, Hiroki, Hase, Isano, Yoshida, Shuichi, Suzuki, Shoji, Mitamura, Keiko, Saito, Fumitake, Ueda, Tetsuya, Azuma, Masanori, Nagasaki, Tadao, Yasui, Yoshinori, Hasegawa, Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Boezen, Marike, Claringbould, Annique, Lopera, Esteban, Warmerdam, Robert, Vonk, Judith. M., van Blokland, Irene, Lanting, Pauline, Ori, Anil P. S., Obeidat, Ma’En, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Green, Robert C., Perez, Emma F., Zöllner, Sebastian, Wang, Jiongming, Beck, Andrew, Sloofman, Laura G., Ascolillo, Steven, Sebra, Robert P., Collins, Brett L., Levy, Te, Sealfon, Stuart C., Jordan, Daniel M., Thompson, Ryan C., Gettler, Kyle, Chaudhary, Kumardeep, Belbin, Gillian M., Preuss, Michael, Hoggart, Clive, Choi, Sam, Underwood, Slayton J., Salib, Irene, Britvan, Bari, Keller, Katherine, Tang, Lara, Peruggia, Michael, Hiester, Liam L., Niblo, Kristi, Aksentijevich, Alexandra, Labkowsky, Alexander, Karp, Avromie, Zlatopolsky, Menachem, Zyndorf, Marissa, Charney, Alexander W., Beckmann, Noam D., Schadt, Eric E., Abul-Husn, Noura S., Cho, Judy H., Itan, Yuval, Kenny, Eimear E., Loos, Ruth J. F., Nadkarni, Girish N., Do, Ron, O’Reilly, Paul, Huckins, Laura M., Ferreira, Manuel A. R., Abecasis, Goncalo R., Leader, Joseph B., Cantor, Michael N., Justice, Anne E., Carey, Dave J., Chittoor, Geetha, Josyula, Navya Shilpa, Kosmicki, Jack A., Horowitz, Julie E., Baras, Ari, Gass, Matthew C., Yadav, Ashish, Mirshahi, Tooraj, Jan Hottenga, Jouke, Bartels, Meike, de Geus, Eco J. C., Nivard, Michel G., Verma, Anurag, Ritchie, Marylyn D., Rader, Daniel, Li, Binglan, Verma, Shefali S., Lucas, Anastasia, Bradford, Yuki, Zara, Federico, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, Iacomino, Michele, Scudieri, Paolo, Bocciardi, Renata, Minetti, Carlo, Riva, Antonella, Vari, Maria Stella, Rahier, Jean-Françoi, Giorgio, Elisa, Carli, Diana, Louis, Edouad, Bulik, Cynthia M., Landén, Mikael, Brusco, Alfredo, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Madia, Francesca, Fundín, Bengt, Ismail, Said I., Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Al Thani, Asma, Afifi, Nahla, Klovins, Jani, Rovite, Vita, Rescenko, Raimond, Peculis, Raiti, Ustinova, Monta, Zeberg, Hugo, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklo, Johnson, Ruth, Geschwind, Daniel H., Freimer, Nelson, Butte, Manish J., Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, Moutsianas, Louka, Caulfield, Mark J., Scott, Richard H., Walker, Susan, Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Rhodes, Daniel, Fowler, Tom, Rendon, Augusto, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, Karczewski, Konrad J., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris A., Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikola, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicola, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Callier, Shawneequa, Cusick, Caroline, Soranzo, Nicole, Zhao, Jing Hua, Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Butterworth, Adam S., Sun, Yan V., Huffman, Jennifer E., Cho, Kelly, O’Donnell, Christopher J., Tsao, Phil, Gaziano, J. Michael, Peloso, Gina, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Mian, Michael, Scaggiante, Federica, Chang, Xiao, Glessner, Joseph R., Hakonarson, Hakon, Mcguigan, Peter J., Prockter Moore, Luke Stephen, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Hall, Kathryn, Campbell, Andy, Nichol, Ailstair, Ward, Geraldine, Page, Valerie Joan, Semple, Malcolm G., Adeniji, Kayode, Agranoff, Daniel, Agwuh, Ken, Ail, Dhiraj, Aldera, Erin L., Alegria, Ana, Angus, Brian, Ashish, Abdul, Atkinson, Dougal, Bari, Shahedal, Barlow, Gavin, Barnass, Stella, Barrett, Nichola, Bassford, Christopher, Basude, Sneha, Baxter, David, Beadsworth, Michael, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Berridge, John, Best, Nicola, Bothma, Pieter, Chadwick, David, Brittain-Long, Robin, Bulteel, Naomi, Burden, Tom, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Caruth, Vikki, Chambler, Duncan, Chee, Nigel, Child, Jenny, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Clark, Tom, Collini, Paul, Cosgrove, Catherine, Cupitt, Jason, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, Dark, Paul, Dawson, Chri, Dervisevic, Samir, Donnison, Phil, Douthwaite, Sam, Drummond, Andrew, Durand, Ingrid, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, Dyer, Tristan, Evans, Cariad, Eziefula, Chi, Fegan, Christopher, Finn, Adam, Fullerton, Duncan, Garg, Sanjeev, Garg, Atul, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Godden, Jo, Goldsmith, Arthur, Graham, Clive, Hardy, Elaine, Hartshorn, Stuart, Harvey, Daniel, Havalda, Peter, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Hobrok, Maria, Hodgson, Luke, Hormis, Anil, Jacobs, Michael, Jain, Susan, Jennings, Paul, Kaliappan, Agilan, Kasipandian, Vidya, Kegg, Stephen, Kelsey, Michael, Kendall, Jason, Kerrison, Caroline, Kerslake, Ian, Koch, Oliver, Koduri, Gouri, Koshy, George, Laha, Shondipon, Laird, Steven, Larkin, Susan, Leiner, Tama, Lillie, Patrick, Limb, Jame, Linnett, Vanessa, Little, Jeff, Lyttle, Mark, Macmahon, Michael, Macnaughton, Emily, Mankregod, Ravish, Masson, Huw, Matovu, Elijah, Mccullough, Katherine, Mcewen, Ruth, Meda, Manjula, Mills, Gary H., Minton, Jane, Ward, Karl, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Mohandas, Kavya, Mok, Quen, Moon, Jame, Moore, Elinoor, Morgan, Patrick, Morris, Craig, Mortimore, Katherine, Moses, Samuel, Mpenge, Mbiye, Mulla, Rohinton, Murphy, Michael, Nagel, Megan, Nagarajan, Thapa, Nelson, Mark, O’Shea, Matthew K., Otahal, Igor, Ostermann, Marlie, Pais, Mark, Panchatsharam, Selva, Papakonstantinou, Danai, Paraiso, Hassan, Patel, Brij, Pattison, Natalie, Pepperell, Justin, Peters, Mark, Phull, Mandeep, Pintus, Stefania, Pooni, Jagtur Singh, Post, Frank, Price, David, Prout, Rachel, Rae, Nikola, Reschreiter, Henrik, Reynolds, Tim, Richardson, Neil, Roberts, Mark, Roberts, Devender, Rose, Alistair, Rousseau, Guy, Ryan, Brendan, Saluja, Taranprit, Shah, Aarti, Shanmuga, Prad, Sharma, Anil, Shawcross, Anna, Sizer, Jeremy, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Smith, Richard, Snelson, Catherine, Spittle, Nick, Staines, Nikki, Stambach, Tom, Stewart, Richard, Subudhi, Pradeep, Szakmany, Tama, Tatham, Kate, Thomas, Jo, Thompson, Chri, Thompson, Robert, Tridente, Ascanio, Tupper-Carey, Darell, Twagira, Mary, Ustianowski, Andrew, Vallotton, Nick, Vincent-Smith, Lisa, Visuvanathan, Shico, Vuylsteke, Alan, Waddy, Sam, Wake, Rachel, Walden, Andrew, Welters, Ingeborg, Whitehouse, Tony, Whittaker, Paul, Whittington, Ashley, Papineni, Padmasayee, Wijesinghe, Meme, Williams, Martin, Wilson, Lawrence, Cole, Sarah, Winchester, Stephen, Wiselka, Martin, Wolverson, Adam, Wooton, Daniel G., Workman, Andrew, Yates, Bryan, Young, Peter, Beale, Rupert, Bretherick, Andrew D., Clohisey, Sara, Fourman, Max Head, Furniss, Jame, Gountouna, Elvina, Grimes, Graeme, Haley, Chri, Harrison, David, Hayward, Caroline, Keating, Sean, Klaric, Lucija, Klenerman, Paul, Law, Andy, Meynert, Alison M., Millar, Jonathan, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Parkinson, Nichola, Ponting, Chris P., Porteous, David J., Rawlik, Konrad, Richmond, Anne, Rowan, Kathy, Russell, Clark D., Shen, Xia, Shih, Barbara, Tenesa, Albert, Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Bo, Wilson, James F., Wu, Yang, Yang, Jian, Yang, Zhijian, Zechner, Marie, Zhai, Ranran, Zheng, Chenqing, Norman, Lisa, Pius, Riinu, Drake, Thomas M., Fairfield, Cameron J., Knight, Stephen R., Mclean, Kenneth A., Murphy, Derek, Shaw, Catherine A., Dalton, Jo, Girvan, Michelle, Saviciute, Egle, Roberts, Stephanie, Harrison, Janet, Marsh, Laura, Connor, Marie, Halpin, Sophie, Jackson, Clare, Gamble, Carrol, Leeming, Gary, Law, Andrew, Wham, Murray, Hendry, Ro, Scott-Brown, Jame, Begg, Colin, Hinds, Charle, Wai Ho, Antonia Ying, Horby, Peter W., Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, Mcauley, Danny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Hairsine, Brigid, Mcparland, C., Packham, Sophie, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Collier, David, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavro, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Zongo, Olivier, Forsey, Miranda, Nicholson, Anne, Riches, Joanne, Vertue, Mark, Wasson, Christopher, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, Collins, Erin, King, Bernadette, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Salciute, Erika, Franke, George, Wong, Joanna, George, Aparna, Akeroyd, Louise, Bano, Shereen, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Lawton, Tom, Morgan, Jame, Sellick, Kirsten, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, Mcgowan, Janet, Ledgard, Camilla, Stacey, Amelia, Pye, Kate, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Loosley, Ronda, Mcguinness, Heather, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Gibson, Sian, Lyle, Amanda, Mcneela, Fiona, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Hughes, Alistair, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Kelly, Diane, Kitson, Ro, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Thomis, Lesley, Wilson, Alison, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Merwaha, Ekta, Ishaq, Tahira, Hanley, Sarah, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Brett, Stephen, Coghlan, Phoebe, Fernandez, Ziortza, Gordon, Anthony, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Templeton, Maie, Jha, Rajeev, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Lim, Lai, Bi, Rehana, Scholefield, Barney, Ashton, Lydia, Williams, Alison, Cheyne, Claire, Saunderson, Anne, Allan, Angela, Anderson, Felicity, Kaye, Callum, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Scott, Teresa, Trumper, Erin, Botello, Adriana, Polgarova, Petra, Stroud, Katerina, Meaney, Eoghan, Jones, Megan, Ng, Anthony, Agrawal, Shruti, Pathan, Nazima, White, Deborah, Daubney, Esther, Elston, Kay, Parker, Robert, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Harding, Peter, Jacob, Reni, Jones, Cathy, Denmade, Craig, Croft, Maria, White, Ian, Lim, Li, Griffin, Denise, Muchenje, Nycola, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Partridge, Richard, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Bastion, Victoria, Clarke, Daphene, David, Beena, Kent, Harriet, Lorusso, Rachel, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Thomas, Alastair, Valentine, Jennifer, Vochin, Ana, Wulandari, Retno, Djeugam, Brice, Dawson, Joy, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tolson, Melanie, Aldridge, Jonathan, de Almeida Martins, Laura Gome, Carungcong, Jaime, Beavis, Sarah, Dale, Katie, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Cowley, Anne, Highgate, Judith, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Inweregbu, Ken, Jones, Sian, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Nicholson, Alice, Wray, Gemma, Benham, Leonie, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Caswell, Melanie, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Stoddard, Emma, Warden, Scott, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Monnery, Sonja, Beech, Valerie, Trotman, Sallyanne, Hopkins, Bridget, Scriven, Jame, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Hammerton, Kate, O’Leary, Ryan, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Martinson, Vicky, Parkinson, Priyai, Stones, Elizabeth, Carbral-Ortega, Llucia, Kapoor, Ritoo, Loader, David, Castle, Karen, Brandwood, Craig, Smith, Lara, Clark, Richard, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Baines, Deborah, Sukumaran, Anila, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Ryan, Lucy, Clark, Amy, Sampson, Julia, Peters, Cecilia, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Ashraf, Saima, Wei, Shuying, Andrew, Angela, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Netherton, Kimberley, Bates, Michelle, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Blackledge, Bethan, Catlow, Laura, Charles, Bethan, Doonan, Reece, Harris, Jade, Harvey, Alice, Horner, Daniel, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, Marsden, Tracy, Mclaughlan, Danielle, Mcmorrow, Liam, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slaughter, Melanie, Slevin, Kathryn, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Michael, Angiy, Collis, Matthew, Clark, Martyn, Coulding, Martina, Jude, Edward, Mccormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Seaman, Rebecca, Hunt, Jodie, Dearden, Joy, Dobson, Emma, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Sheila, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Tully, Redmond, Winnard, Sarah, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Garner, Lucie, Holcombe, Helen, Mepham, Sue, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, K., Vuylsteke, Alain, Zamikula, Julie, Bercades, Georgia, Brealey, David, Hass, Ingrid, Maccallum, Niall, Martir, Glady, Raith, Eamon, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Taylor, Abigail, Hughes, Rachel Anne, Thomas, Helen, Rees, Alun, Duskova, Michaela, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Edwards, Michelle, Alexander, Peter, Allen, Schvearn, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Brantwood, Craig, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Padden, Grace, Ward, Luke, Moss, Stuart, Glasgow, Susannah, Beesley, Kate, Board, Sarah, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Je, Pippard, Lucy, Wood, Di, Buckley, Clare, Brown, Alison, Gregory, Jane, O’Connell, Susan, Smith, Tim, Belagodu, Zakaula, Fuller, Bridget, Gherman, Anca, Olufuwa, Olumide, Paramsothy, Remi, Stuart, Carmel, Oakley, Naomi, Kamundi, Charlotte, Tyl, David, Collins, Katy, Silva, Pedro, Taylor, June, King, Laura, Coates, Charlotte, Crowley, Maria, Wakefield, Phillipa, Beadle, Jane, Johnson, Laura, Sargeant, Janet, Anderson, Madeleine, Jardine, Catherine, Williams, Dewi, Parris, Victoria, Quaid, Sheena, Watson, Ekaterina, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Lazo, Maria, Walton, Olivia, Neal, Alan, Hill, Michaela, Kannan, Thogulava, Wild, Laura, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Menzies, Daniel, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Davies, Llino, Williams, Hannah, Scanlon, Jeremy, Davies, Gwyneth, Mackay, Callum, Lewis, Joannne, Rees, Stephanie, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Raj, Meena, Sell, Craig, Langton, Helen, Watters, Malcolm, Novis, Catherine, Arbane, Gill, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Grau, Neu, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Whitton, Christopher, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Passmore, Heather, Prendergast, Claire, Reed, Anna, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Middleton, Hayley, Polgar, Oliver, Nolan, Claire, Thwaites, Vicky, Mahay, Kanta, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Scherewode, Joslan, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Carmody, Margaret, Daglish, Jacqueline, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Kadiri, Salma, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, North, Julie, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, Mcphail, Mark, Nayak, Monalisa, Noble, Harriet, O’Reilly, Kevin, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Smith, John, Knighton, Abigail, Gill, Mandy, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Wynter, Inez, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fernandes, Rita, Herdman-Grant, Rosaleen, Joseph, Anna, Loveridge, Adam, Mckenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andre, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Khera, Jacyntha, Fox, Jonathan, Barber, Russell, Hewitt, Claire, Hilldrith, Annette, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susan, Tavares, Silvia, Cunningham, Amy, Hindale, Julia, Arif, Sarwat, George, Linsha, Twiss, Sophie, Wright, David, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Marsh, Chri, Mahenthran, Mervin, Carter, Emma, Kong, Thoma, Adanini, Oluronke, Bhatia, Nikhil, Msiska, Maine, Mew, Louise, Mwaura, Esther, Williams, Felicity, Wren, Lynn, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Battle, Ceri, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Newey, Luke, Rees, Tabitha, Williams, Marie, Arnold, Sophie, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tariq, Ambreen, Tucci, Arianna, Convery, Karen, Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Randell, Georgina, Stammers, Katie, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalakshmi, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Haldeos, Anne, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Purohit, Dharam, Vincent, Rachel, Xavier, Kugan, Rohit, Kumar, Alasdair, Frater, Saleem, Malik, David, Carter, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Wall, Alanna, Reynolds, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Thompsom, Maria, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Butcher, Deborah, O’Sullivan, Susie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Deacon, Bethan, Hibbert, Meg, Pothecary, Carla, Tetla, Dariusz, Woodford, Christopher, Durga, Latha, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Peasgood, Emily, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Gaylard, Jane, Mullan, Dee, Newman, Julie, Davies, Ellie, Roche, Lisa, Sathe, Sonia, Brimfield, Lutece, Daly, Zoe, Pogson, David, Rose, Steve, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqa, Gude, Estefania Treu, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Crisp, Nikki, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turki, Salah, Turney, Sharon, Giles, Julian, Booth, Simon, Bell, Gillian, English, Katy, Katary, Amro, Wilcox, Louise, Campbell, Rachael, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Mascarenhas, Mairi, Donaldson, Avril, Matheson, Joanna, Barrett, Fiona, O’Hara, Marianne, O’Keefe, Laura, Bradley, Clare, Collier, Dawn, Walker, Rachel, Maynard, Victoria, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Matthew, Kazi, Aayesha, Hartley, Janice, Dykes, Joseph, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Saad, Samuel, Coleman, Dabheoc, Fine, Christopher, Matt, Roseanna, Gay, Bethan, Dalziel, Jack, Ali, Syamlan, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Goddard, Wendy, Davison, Chloe, Duberly, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Bolton, Rachel, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Blackman, Helen, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Donlon, Sinead, Michalak-Glinska, Natalia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Pristopan, Veronika, Salberg, Armorel, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Piercy, Charle, Verula, Jerik, Burda, Dorota, Montaser, Rugia, Harden, Lesley, Mayangao, Irving, Marriott, Cheryl, Bradley, Paul, Harris, Celia, Cooper, Joshua, Finch, Cheryl, Liderth, Sarah, Quinn, Alison, Waddington, Natalia, Fidler, Katy, Tagliavini, Emma, Donnelly, Kevin, Abel, Lynn, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, Jame, Macgoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Rodden, Natalie, Rooney, Kevin, Sundaram, Radha, Thomson, Nicola, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hughes, Gareth, Latham, Scott, Mckenna, Emma, Anderson, Jennifer, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, Branney, Debbie, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Liyanage, Kamal, Patel, Brijesh V., Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Varghese, Mathew, Zborowski, Anelise C., Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Eastgate-Jackson, Christine, Filipe, Helder, Martin, Daniel, Maharajh, Amitaa, Garcia, Sara Mingo, De Neef, Mark, Lynch, Ceri, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Turner, Keri, Ellis, Hannah, Stroud, Natalie, Cherian, Shiney, Cutler, Sean, Heron, Anne Emma, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Williams, Gemma, Richards, Owen, Cheema, Yusuf, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kri, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Harrington, Kate, Jackson, Yvonne, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Masuko, Shamiso, Raithatha, Ajay, Wiles, Matthew, Willson, Jayne, Newell, Helen, Lye, Alison, Nwafor, Lorenza, Jarman, Claire, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Foote, David, Cole, Joby, Thompson, Roger, Watson, Jame, Hesseldon, Lisa, Macharia, Irene, Chetam, Luke, Smith, Jacqui, Ford, Amber, Anderson, Samantha, Birchall, Kathryn, Housley, Kay, Walker, Sara, Milner, Leanne, Hanratty, Helena, Trower, Helen, Phillips, Patrick, Oxspring, Simon, Donne, Ben, Bevan, Emily, Martin, Jane, Trodd, Dawn, Watson, Geoff, Brown, Caroline Wrey, Bunni, Lara, Jennings, Claire, Latif, Monica, Marshall, Rebecca, Subramanian, Gayathri, Bandla, Nageswar, Gellamucho, Minnie, Davies, Michelle, Thompson, Christopher, Trim, Fiona, Eapen, Beena, Ahmed, Cecilia, Baines, Balvinder, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Hulme, Jonathan, Hussain, Samia, Joseph, Sibet, Kumar, Rita, Maqsood, Zahira, Purewal, Manjit, Chandler, Ben, Elliott, Kerry, Mallinson, Janine, Turnbull, Alison, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Akhtar, Muhmmad Nauman, Pearson, Sandra, Potoczna, Dorota, Spencer, Sue, Blakemore, Hayley, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Gendall, Emma, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Thomas, Matt, Worner, Ruth, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Harrison, Abiola, Kanu, Rebecca, Leaver, Susannah, Maccacari, Elena, Manna, Soumendu, Saluzzio, Romina Peperman, Queiroz, Joana, Samakomva, Tinashe, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Da Gloria, Edna Fernande, Lisboa, Ana, Rawlins, John, Mathew, Jisha, Kinch, Ashley, Hurt, William Jame, Shah, Nirav, Clark, Victoria, Thanasi, Maria, Yun, Nikki, Patel, Kamal, Crickmore, Vikki, Debreceni, Gabor, Wilkins, Joy, Nicol, Liz, Burn, Iona, Hambrook, Geraldine, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Rostron, Anthony, Roy, Alistair, Woods, Lindsey, Cornell, Sarah, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Rogerson, Kimberley, Jarmain, Jordan, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Austin, Karen, Davis, Caroline, Durie, Alison, Kelsall, Olivia, Thrush, Jessica, Vigurs, Charlie, Wood, Hannah-Louise, Tranter, Helen, Harrison, Alison, Cowley, Nichola, Mcalindon, Michael, Digby, Stephen, Low, Emma, Morgan, Aled, Cother, Naiara, Rankin, Tobia, Clayton, Sarah, Mccurdy, Alex, Allibone, Suzanne, Mary-Genetu, Roman, Patel, Amit, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Mahjoob, Parisa, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Fagan, Andrew, Mohamed Ali, Inthakab Ali, Beaumont, Karen, Blunt, Mark, Coton, Zoe, Curgenven, Hollie, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Shaw, David, Waite, Alicia A. C., Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen, Bemand, Thoma, Black, Ethel, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Howle, Ryan, Jhanji, Shaman, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Tatham, Kate Colette, Thomas, Benjamin, Halkes, Matthew, Mercer, Pauline, Thornton, Lorraine, West, Joe, Baird, Tracy, Ruddy, Jim, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Birt, Mark, Cowton, Amanda, Kay, Andrea, Kent, Melanie, Potts, Kathryn, Wilkinson, Ami, Naylor, Suzanne, Brown, Ellen, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Cole, Jade, Davies, Rhy, Duffin, Donna, Hill, Helen, Player, Ben, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Beith, Claire Marie, Black, Karen, Clements, Suzanne, Morrison, Alan, Strachan, Dominic, Taylor, Margaret, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Norman, Kathryn, Coventry, Tina, Fowler, Susan, Mcgregor, Amanda, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, Mcivor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Whittle, Helen, Mathew, Bijoy, Clapham, Melanie, Harper, Rosemary, Poultney, Una, Rice, Polly, Mutch, Rachel, Baird, Yolanda, Butler, Aaron, Chadbourn, Indra, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Gomez, Raquel, Hobden, Gillian, King, Kirsten, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Helm, David, Margalef, Jordi, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Smuts, Sara, Duffield, Joseph, Smith, Oliver, Mallon, Lewi, Claire, Watkin, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Howard, Kate, Ingham, Joanne, Joy, Rosie, Pearson, Harriet, Roche, Samantha, Scott, Zoe, Knights, Ellen, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chri, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Bamford, Peter, Cawley, Kathryn, Dunmore, Charlie, Faulkner, Maria, Girach, Rumanah, Jeffrey, Helen, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Khade, Reena, Sundar, Ashok, Tsinaslanidis, George, Behan, Teresa, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Mitra, Atideb, Newton, Maria, Pollard, Rachel, Stead, Rachael, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Goodsell, Josie, Tutton, Rebecca, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Edmond, Ian, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Salutous, Dario, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Murdoch, Euan, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Burns, Karen, Higham, Andrew, Anderson, Taya, Hawcutt, Dan, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Afolabi, Deborah, Whitbread, Jennifer, Jones, Dawn, Dore, Rachael, Lankester, Liana, Nikitas, Nikita, Wells, Colin, Stowe, Bethan, Spencer, Kayleigh, Cathcart, Susanne, Duffy, Katharine, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Turner, Lynne, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Barry, Peter, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Benjamin, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Beech, Emily, Belfield, Holly, Bell, Michael, Davies, Charlene, Jones, Gareth A. L., Mchugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark J., Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, Gorman, Claire, Gupta, Abhinav, Timlick, Elizabeth, Brady, Rebecca, Bonner, Stephen, Hugill, Keith, Jones, Jessica, Liggett, Steven, Bashyal, Archana, Davidson, Neil, Hutton, Paula, Mckechnie, Stuart, Wilson, Jean, Flint, Neil, Rekha, Patel, Hales, Dawn, Cruz, Carina, Gopal, Shameer, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Metherell, Stella, Radford, Elizabeth, Clement, Ian, Patel, Bijal, Gulati, A., Hays, Carole, Webster, K., Hudson, Anne, Webster, Andrea, Stephenson, Elaine, Mccormack, Louise, Slater, Victoria, Nixon, Rachel, Hanson, Helen, Fearby, Maggie, Kelly, Sinead, Bridgett, Victoria, Robinson, Philip, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Casey, Matt, Chapman, Susan, Whyte, Clare, Brayne, Adam, Fisher, Emma, Hunt, Jane, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Love, Nichola, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, van Koutrik, Lynne, Carter, Sasha, Andrew, Benedict, Findlay, Louise, Adams, Katie, Bruce, Michelle, Connolly, Karen, Duncan, Tracy, T. -Michael, Helen, Lindergard, Gabriella, Hey, Samuel, Fox, Claire, Alfonso, Jordan, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Guerin, Jacinta, Hruska, Martin, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Lamb, Thoma, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Cooper, Lisa, Rothwell, Joanne, Dennis, Catherine, Mcgregor, Alastair, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, Davies, Kim, O’Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Lewis, Tracy, Sutherland, Isobel, Brooke, Hollie, Buckley, Sarah, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Rose, Alastair, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Sloan, Brendan, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Camsooksai, Julie, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Wadams, Beverley, Death, Yasmin, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Beekes, Mandy, Button, Heather, Capps, Nigel, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Donaldson, Denise, Hard, Kelly, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, Jame, Jose, Sanal, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Tonks, Louise, Wilcox, Rebecca, Bokhari, Maria, Lucas, Rachael, Mccormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Baxter, Nicola, Henderson, Steven, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, Mcparland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, Mccreath, Gordan, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Je, Coles, Holly, Frise, Matthew, Rai, Sabi Gurung, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Downes, Charlotte, Holding, Kathleen, Riches, Katie, Hilton, Mary, Hayman, Mel, Subramanian, Deepak, Daniel, Priya, Zitter, Letizia, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Keenan, Samantha, Gordon, Elizabeth, Quinn, Helen, Baines, Kizzy, Andrew, Gillian, Barclay, Lucy, Callaghan, Marie, Clark, Sarah, Hope, Dave, Marshall, Lucy, Mcculloch, Corrienne, Briton, Kate, Singleton, Jo, Birch, Sophie, Simpson, Kerry, Craig, Jayne, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Hierons, Sarah, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, White, Katie, Kelly, Fiona, Amin, Vishal, Anastasescu, Elena, Anumakonda, Vikram, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Reid, Karen, Smith, Jacqueline, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Bellini, Arianna, Bryant, Jade, Mayer, Anton, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nichola, Sowter, Jason, Howlett, Alex, Criste, Kristine, Cusack, Rebecca, Golder, Kim, Golding, Hannah, Jones, Oliver, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Roberts, Belinda, Salmon, Karen, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, B., Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Ahmed, Ashar, Morris, Anna, Jakkula, Sriniva, Long, Kate, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Elizabeth, Ogg, Bethan, Moultrie, Sam, Odam, M., Bewley, Jeremy, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Webster, Denise, Efford, Georgia, Bennett, Sara, Goodwin, Emma, Jackson, Matthew, Kent, Alissa, Tibke, Clare, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Zaki, Ahmed, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, Saha, Rajnish, Bremmer, Pamela, Allan, J., Geary, T., Houston, Gordon, Meikle, A., O’Brien, P., Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lee, Emma, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Charnock, Rob, Mcfarland, Denise, Cosgrove, Denise, Attwood, Ben, Parsons, Penny, Carmody, Siobhain, Oblak, Metod, Popescu, Monica, Thankachen, Mini, Baruah, Rosie, Morris, Sheila, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Alvaro, Ana, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ma, Louise, Mostoles, Loreta, Parmar, Chetan, Simpson, Kathryn, Jetha, Champa, Booker, Lauren, Pratley, Anezka, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Schumacher, Natasha, Weston, Heather, Rand, Jame, Alex, Beatrice, Bach, Benjamin, Barclay, Wendy S., Bogaert, Debby, Chand, Meera, Cooke, Graham S., Docherty, Annemarie B., Dunning, Jake, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Fletcher, Tom, Green, Christoper A., Harrison, Ewen M., Hiscox, Julian A., Ijaz, Samreen, Khoo, Saye, Lim, Wei Shen, Mentzer, Alexander J., Merson, Laura, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Moore, Shona C., Palmarini, Massimo, Paxton, William A., Pollakis, Georgio, Price, Nichola, Rambaut, Andrew, Robertson, David L., Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Scott, Janet T., de Silva, Thushan, Sigfrid, Louise, Solomon, Tom, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stuart, David, Tedder, Richard S., Thomson, Emma C., Roger Thompson, A. A., Thwaites, Ryan S., Turtle, Lance C. W., Gupta, Rishi K., Palmieri, Carlo, Swann, Olivia V., Zambon, Maria, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Griffin, Julian L., Takats, Zoltan, Chechi, Kanta, Andrikopoulos, Petro, Osagie, Anthonia, Olanipekun, Michael, Liggi, Sonia, Lewis, Matthew R., Correia, Gonçalo dos Santo, Sands, Caroline J., Takis, Panteleimon, Maslen, Lynn, Greenhalf, William, Shaw, Victoria, Mcdonald, Sarah E., Keating, Seán, Ahmed, Katie A., Armstrong, Jane A., Ashworth, Milton, Asiimwe, Innocent G., Bakshi, Siddharth, Barlow, Samantha L., Booth, Laura, Brennan, Benjamin, Bullock, Katie, Catterall, Benjamin W. A., Clark, Jordan J., Clarke, Emily A., Cooper, Louise, Cox, Helen, Davis, Christopher, Dincarslan, Oslem, Dunn, Chri, Dyer, Philip, Elliott, Angela, Evans, Anthony, Finch, Lorna, Fisher, Lewis W. S., Foster, Terry, Garcia-Dorival, Isabel, Gunning, Philip, Hartley, Catherine, Jensen, Rebecca L., Jones, Christopher B., Jones, Trevor R., Khandaker, Shadia, King, Katharine, Kiy, Robyn T., Koukorava, Chrysa, Lake, Annette, Lant, Suzannah, Latawiec, Diane, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, Lefteri, Daniella, Lett, Lauren, Livoti, Lucia A., Mancini, Maria, Mcdonald, Sarah, Mcevoy, Laurence, Mclauchlan, John, Metelmann, Soeren, Miah, Nahida S., Middleton, Joanna, Mitchell, Joyce, Murphy, Ellen G., Penrice-Randal, Rebekah, Pilgrim, Jack, Prince, Tessa, Reynolds, Will, Ridley, P. Matthew, Sales, Debby, Shaw, Victoria E., Shears, Rebecca K., Small, Benjamin, Subramaniam, Krishanthi S., Szemiel, Agnieska, Taggart, Aislynn, Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta, Thomas, Jordan, Trochu, Erwan, van Tonder, Libby, Wilcock, Eve, Zhang, J. Eunice, Flaherty, Lisa, Maziere, Nicole, Cass, Emily, Carracedo, Alejandra Doce, Carlucci, Nicola, Holmes, Anthony, Massey, Hannah, Murphy, Lee, Wrobel, Nicola, Mccafferty, Sarah, Morrice, Kirstie, Maclean, Alan, Armstrong, Ruth, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Coutts, Audrey, Cullum, Louise, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Fawkes, Angie, Finernan, Paul, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Macgillivray, Louise, Mal, Hanning, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Paterson, Trevor, Stenhouse, Andrew, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Coyle, Judy, Gallagher, Bernadette, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Hamilton, Debbie, Schon, Katherine, Furlong, Anita, Biggs, Heather, Griffiths, Fiona, Andrews, Eleanor, Brickell, Kathy, Smyth, Michelle, Murphy, Lorna, Carson, Gail, Hardwick, Hayley, Donohue, Chloe, Pérez-Tur, Jordi [0000-0002-9111-1712], Martín, Javier [0000-0002-2202-0622], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], A list of authors and their affiliations appears in the Supplementary Information, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), ANR-20-COVI-0003,GENCOVID,Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé(2020), ANR-21-COVR-0039,GenMIS-C,Recherche 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Bocciolone, M., Miozzo, M., Chueca, N., Montano, N., Faverio, P., Preatoni, P., Bonfanti, P., Omodei, P., Castro, P., Ferrer, R., Gualtierotti, R., Gallego-Durán, R., Morilla, R., Haider, S., Marsal, S., Aneli, S., Pelusi, S., Bosari, S., Aliberti, S., Dudman, S., Zheng, T., Pumarola, T., Cejudo, T.G., Monzani, V., Friaza, V., Peter, W., Dopazo, X., May, S., Grimsrud, M.M., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Stefansson, K., Sulem, P., Sveinbjornsson, G., Melsted, P., Norddahl, G., Swerford Moore, K.H., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Holm, H., Alarcón-Riquelme, M.E., Bernardo, D., Martínez-Bueno, M., Rello, S.R., Magi, R., Milani, L., Metspalu, A., Laisk, T., Läll, K., Lepamets, M., Esko, T., Reimann, E., Naaber, P., Laane, E., Pesukova, J., Peterson, P., Kisand, K., Tabri, J., Allos, R., Hensen, K., Starkopf, J., Ringmets, I., Tamm, A., Kallaste, A., Alavere, H., Metsalu, K., Puusepp, M., Kristiansson, K., Koskelainen, S., Perola, M., Donner, K., Kivinen, K., Palotie, A., Bochud, P.Y., Boillat, N., Nussle, S.G., Albrich, W., Pagani, J.L., Zu Bentrup, F.M., Viollet, R.M., Kampouri, E.E., Meuwly, J.Y., D'Acremont, V., Younes, S.E., Albrich, W.C., O'Mahony, L., Kleger, G.R., Kahlert, C.R., Negro, T.R., Carreras, A., Galván-Femenía, I., Farré, X., Cortés, B., Mercader, J.M., Guindo-Martinez, M., Torrents, D., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Castaño-Vinyals, G., Dobaño, C., Gori, M., Mondelli, M.U., Castelli, F., Vaghi, M., Rusconi, S., Montagnani, F., Bargagli, E., Franchi, F., Mazzei, M.A., Cantarini, L., Tacconi, D., Feri, M., Scala, R., Spargi, G., Nencioni, C., Bandini, M., Caldarelli, G.P., Spagnesi, M., Canaccini, A., Ognibene, A., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Girardis, M., Antinori, A., Francisci, D., Schiaroli, E., Scotton, P.G., Panese, S., Scaggiante, R., Monica, M.D., Capasso, M., Fiorentino, G., Castori, M., Aucella, F., Di Biagio, A., Masucci, L., Valente, S., Mandalà, M., Zucchi, P., Giannattasio, F., Coviello, D.A., Mussini, C., Bosio, G., Tavecchia, L., Crotti, L., Rizzi, M., La Rovere, 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Schumacher, N., Weston, H., Rand, J., Alex, B., Bach, B., Barclay, W.S., Bogaert, D., Chand, M., Cooke, G.S., Docherty, A.B., Dunning, J., da Silva Filipe, A., Fletcher, T., Green, C.A., Harrison, E.M., Hiscox, J.A., Ijaz, S., Khoo, S., Lim, W.S., Mentzer, A.J., Merson, L., Noursadeghi, M., Moore, S.C., Palmarini, M., Paxton, W.A., Pollakis, G., Price, N., Rambaut, A., Robertson, D.L., Sancho-Shimizu, V., Scott, J.T., de Silva, T., Sigfrid, L., Solomon, T., Sriskandan, S., Stuart, D., Tedder, R.S., Thomson, E.C., Roger Thompson, A.A., Thwaites, R.S., Turtle, LCW, Gupta, R.K., Palmieri, C., Swann, O.V., Zambon, M., Dumas, M.E., Griffin, J.L., Takats, Z., Chechi, K., Andrikopoulos, P., Osagie, A., Olanipekun, M., Liggi, S., Lewis, M.R., Correia, GDS, Sands, C.J., Takis, P., Maslen, L., Greenhalf, W., Shaw, V., McDonald, S.E., Ahmed, K.A., Armstrong, J.A., Ashworth, M., Asiimwe, I.G., Bakshi, S., Barlow, S.L., Booth, L., Brennan, B., Bullock, K., Catterall, BWA, Clark, J.J., Clarke, E.A., Cox, H., Dincarslan, O., Dunn, C., Dyer, P., Elliott, A., Evans, A., Finch, L., Fisher, LWS, Foster, T., Garcia-Dorival, I., Gunning, P., Hartley, C., Jensen, R.L., Jones, C.B., Jones, T.R., Khandaker, S., Kiy, R.T., Koukorava, C., Lake, A., Lant, S., Latawiec, D., Lavelle-Langham, L., Lefteri, D., Lett, L., Livoti, L.A., Mancini, M., McDonald, S., McEvoy, L., McLauchlan, J., Metelmann, S., Miah, N.S., Middleton, J., Mitchell, J., Murphy, E.G., Penrice-Randal, R., Pilgrim, J., Prince, T., Reynolds, W., Ridley, P.M., Sales, D., Shaw, V.E., Shears, R.K., Small, B., Subramaniam, K.S., Szemiel, A., Taggart, A., Tanianis-Hughes, J., Trochu, E., van Tonder, L., Wilcock, E., Zhang, J.E., Flaherty, L., Maziere, N., Cass, E., Carracedo, A.D., Carlucci, N., Holmes, A., Massey, H., Murphy, L., Wrobel, N., McCafferty, S., Morrice, K., MacLean, A., Armstrong, R., Boz, C., Coutts, A., Cullum, L., Day, N., Donnelly, L., Duncan, E., Fawkes, A., Finernan, P., Gilchrist, T., Golightly, A., Hafezi, K., 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[0000-0003-1513-6077], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Neurology, Infectious diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Global Health, APH - Methodology, Graduate School, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Anesthesiology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, Niemi, M. E. K., Liao, R. G., Neale, B. M., Pathak, G. A., Andrews, S. J., Schulte, E. C., Karim, M. A., Wendt, F. 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E., Sealock, J. M., Faucon, A. B., Shuey, M. M., Polikowsky, H. G., Petty, L. E., Shaw, D. M., Chen, H. -H., Ludwig, K. U., Schroder, J., Nothen, M. M., Jensen, B. -E. O., Altmuller, J., Berger, M. M., Gogele, M., Gignoux, C. R., Wicks, S. J., Barnes, K. C., Goldstein, D. B., Reilly, M. P., Gharavi, A. G., O'Byrne, S. M., So, Y. S., Park, S. -K., Kim, H. -L., Kang, C. K., Lee, H. -J., Song, K. -H., Yoon, K. J., Paik, N. -J., Joo, E. -J., Park, W. B., Park, J. S., Park, K. U., Ham, S. Y., Kim, E. S., Kim, H. B., Caceres, M., Lenz, T. L., Julia, A., Holter, J. C., Fernandez, J., Sander, L. E., Banales, J. M., Romero-Gomez, M., Hov, J. R., Karlsen, T. H., Wacker, E. M., Elabd, H., Ruhlemann, M. C., Vadla, M. S., Lenning, O. B., Ozer, O., Kassens, J., Figuera Basso, M. E., Ortiz, A. B., Chercoles, A. G., Holten, A. R., Kildal, A. B., Gluck, A., Nolla, A. C., Dyrhol-Riise, A. M., Spinner, C. D., Hoff, D. A. L., Jimenez, D., Pestana, D., Helbig, E. T., Paraboschi, E. M., Sanchez, F. G., Hernandez, I., Galvan-Femenia, I., Badia, J. R., Muller, K. E., Gaede, K. I., Lippert, L. J., Tellez, L., Gutierrez-Stampa, M. A., Vehreschild, M. J. G. T., Marquie, M., Seilmaier, M. J., Rodriguez-Gandia, M., Ayo, N. I., Martinez, N., Cornely, O. A., Rodrigues, P. M., Espana, P. P., Garcia-Fernandez, A. -E., Fracanzani, A. L., Muniz-Diaz, E., Calderon, E. J., Solligard, E., Medrano, F. J., Muller, F., Afset, J. E., Damas, J. K., Ferrusquia-Acosta, J., Quero, J. H., Guerrero, J. M., Bettini, L. R., Gustad, L. T., Valsecchi, M. G., D'Angio, M., Gallego-Duran, R., Cejudo, T. G., Grimsrud, M. M., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Moore, K. H. S., Alarcon-Riquelme, M. E., Martinez-Bueno, M., Rello, S. R., Lall, K., Bochud, P. -Y., Nussle, S. G., Meyer zu Bentrup, F., Merlet Viollet, R., Guery, B., Hugli, O., Gonseth Nussle, S., Estoppey Younes, S., Rochat Negro, T., Mercader, J. M., Castano-Vinyals, G., Dobano, C., Mondelli, M. U., Mazzei, M. A., Caldarelli, G. P., Monforte, A. D., Scotton, P. G., Monica, M. D., Mandala, M., Coviello, D. A., La Rovere, M. T., Segala, F. V., Mencarelli, M. A., Pinto, A. M., Carriero, M. L., Ann Belli, M., Antoni, M. D., Miraglia, F. G., Parisi, S. G., Squeo, G. M., Botta, G., Hunt, K. A., Trembath, R. C., Martin, H. C., Griffiths, C. J., Curtis, C. J., Huang, Q. Q., Lee, S. H., Macarthur, D., Maclaughlin, B., Smith, A. V., Boughton, A. P., Li, K. W., Lefaive, J., Jannes, C. E., Krieger, J. E., Pereira, A. C., Lima, I. R., Tada, M. T., Mccarthy, M., Lee, J. E., Lee, H. S., Jang, H. Y., Kim, Y. -S., Kwon, K. T., Kim, S. -W., Kim, J. Y., Jang, Y. R., Kim, H., Lee, J. Y., Choe, K. -W., Kang, Y. M., Jee, S. H., Jung, K. J., Schroth, G. P., Desouza, F., Cirulli, E. T., Schiabor Barrett, K. M., Washington, N. L., Lu, J. T., Ramirez, J. M., Grzymski, J. J., Minano, J. I. E., Aguirre, L. A., Lopez-Collazo, E., Lozano-Rodriguez, R., Avendano-Ortiz, J., Arcos, V. T., Montalban-Hernandez, K. M., Quiroga, J. V., Martin-Quiros, A., Nakada, T. -A., Vonk, J. M., Ori, A. P. S., Hernandez Cordero, A. I., Sin, D. D., Bosse, Y., Feng, Y. -C. A., Weiss, S. T., Karlson, E. W., Smoller, J. W., Murphy, S. N., Meigs, J. B., Woolley, A. E., Green, R. C., Perez, E. F., Zollner, S., Sloofman, L. G., Sebra, R. P., Collins, B. L., Sealfon, S. C., Jordan, D. M., Thompson, R. C., Belbin, G. M., Underwood, S. J., Hiester, L. L., Charney, A. W., Beckmann, N. D., Schadt, E. E., Abul-Husn, N. S., Cho, J. H., Kenny, E. E., Loos, R. J. F., Nadkarni, G. N., Huckins, L. M., Ferreira, M. A. R., Abecasis, G. R., Leader, J. B., Cantor, M. N., Justice, A. E., Carey, D. J., Josyula, N. S., Kosmicki, J. A., Horowitz, J. E., Gass, M. C., Hottenga, J. J., de Geus, E. J. C., Nivard, M. G., Ritchie, M. D., Verma, S. S., Vari, M. S., Rahier, J. -F., Bulik, C. M., Landen, M., Ferrero, G. B., Fundin, B., Ismail, S. I., Badji, R. M., Hultstrom, M., Geschwind, D. H., Butte, M. J., Chang, T. S., Caulfield, M. J., Scott, R. H., Odhams, C. A., Karczewski, K. J., Wilson, D. J., Spencer, C. A., Crook, D. W., Wyllie, D. H., O'Connell, A. M., Atkinson, E. G., Walters, R. K., Palmer, D. S., Goldstein, J. I., Kyle Satterstrom, F., Earle, S. G., Lin, S. -K., Rudkin, J. K., Zhao, J. H., Butterworth, A. S., Sun, Y. V., Huffman, J. E., O'Donnell, C. J., Michael Gaziano, J., Ho, Y. -L., Glessner, J. R., Mcguigan, P. J., Moore, L. S. P., Vizcaychipi, M. P., Page, V. J., Aldera, E. L., Cutino-Moguel, M. -T., Durand, I., Hawcutt, D. B., Macmahon, M., Macnaughton, E., Mccullough, K., Mcewen, R., O'Shea, M. K., Pooni, J. S., Wooton, D. G., Bretherick, A. D., Fourman, M. H., Meynert, A. M., Ponting, C. P., Porteous, D. J., Russell, C. D., Wilson, J. F., Drake, T. M., Fairfield, C. J., Knight, S. R., Mclean, K. A., Shaw, C. A., Ho, A. Y. W., Horby, P. W., Mcauley, D., Openshaw, P. J. M., Semple, M. G., Mcgowan, J., Mcguinness, H., Mcneela, F., Bayo, L. -A., Arias, S. S., Conyngham, J. -A., Corral, M. A., de Almeida Martins, L. G., Mclaughlan, D., Mcmorrow, L., Mccormick, J., Mitchell, A. M., Maccallum, N., Hughes, R. A., Jones, T. O., Mcphail, M., Mckenley, I., Sutherland, S. -B., de Gordoa, L. O. -R., Gude, E. T., Macgoey, P., Mckenna, E., Patel, B. V., Zborowski, A. C., Garcia, S. M., Howe, G. S., Heron, A. E., Mills, G. H., Brown, C. W., Akhtar, M. N., Delgado, C. C., Saluzzio, R. P., Da Gloria, E. F., Hurt, W. J., Wood, H. -L., Mcalindon, M., Mccurdy, A., Ali, I. A. M., Ally, S. M., Hamilton, D. O., Lopez Martinez, M., Waite, A. A. C., Welters, I. D., Rosa, A. D., Baikady, R. R., Tatham, K. C., Beith, C. M., Mcgregor, A., Mcivor, S., Allison, K. S., Jones, G. A. L., Mchugh, T., Peters, M. J., Tomas, A. L., Mckechnie, S., Mccormack, L., Michael, H. T., Durrans, L. J., Suarez, J. C., Death, Y., Mccormick, W., Mccreath, G., Rai, S. G., Mcculloch, C., Mcfarland, D., Barclay, W. S., Cooke, G. S., Docherty, A. B., Green, C. A., Harrison, E. M., Hiscox, J. A., Lim, W. S., Mentzer, A. J., Paxton, W. A., Robertson, D. L., Scott, J. T., Tedder, R. S., Thomson, E. C., Thwaites, R. S., Gupta, R. K., Swann, O. V., Dumas, M. -E., Griffin, J. L., Lewis, M. R., dos Santos Correia, G., Sands, C. J., Mcdonald, S. E., Ahmed, K. A., Armstrong, J. A., Asiimwe, I. G., Barlow, S. L., Catterall, B. W. A., Clark, J. J., Clarke, E. A., Fisher, L. W. S., Jensen, R. L., Jones, C. B., Jones, T. R., Kiy, R. T., Livoti, L. A., Mcdonald, S., Mcevoy, L., Mclauchlan, J., Miah, N. S., Moore, S. C., Murphy, E. G., Matthew Ridley, P., Shaw, V. E., Shears, R. K., Subramaniam, K. S., Eunice Zhang, J., Carracedo, A. D., Mccafferty, S., Turtle, L. C. W., Data Science Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Doctoral Programme in Population Health, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and University of Zurich

Rasmus L. Marvig, Jaclyn A. Bennet, Magnus Gisslén, Anna Zhukova, Man-Hung Eric Tang, Jens D Lundgren, Paula Munderi, Michael Worobey, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Marc Bennedbæk, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), UVRI Uganda research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok], University of Gothenburg (GU), Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], University of Arizona, Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, The primary funder of the START trial was NIAID (grant numbers UM1-AI068641, UM1-AI120197 and 1U01-AI136780). This study was made possible through a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation (grant number 126). Additional support was obtained from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (France), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Germany), European AIDS Treatment Network, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), National Institute for Health Research, National Health Service (United Kingdom), and University of Minnesota. Antiretroviral drugs were donated to the central drug repository by AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline/ViiV Healthcare, Janssen Scientific Affairs, and Merck. MW was supported by NIH/NIAID R01AI084691, The authors would like to specifically thank the participants in the START trial. See N Engl J Med 2015, 373:795–807 for the complete list of START investigators. The authors would like to thank the reviewers and the handling editor for help to improve the manuscript., University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Nicolas Rodriguez, Daniel Ladant, Maryline Davi, Ahmed Haouz, Bertrand Raynal, Darragh P. O'Brien, Alexis Voegele, Ariel E. Mechaly, Patrick Weber, Sébastien Brûlé, Pauline Gehan, Dominique Durand, Mirko Sadi, Sylviane Hoos, Sébastien Brier, Alexandre Chenal, Dorothée Raoux-Barbot, Patrice Vachette, Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires / Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biophysique Moléculaire (plateforme) - Molecular Biophysics (platform), Cristallographie (Plateforme) - Crystallography (Platform), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme technologique de RMN biologique - Biological NMR Technological Platform, A.V. was supported by a DIM MalInf grant from the region Ile‐de‐France. M.S. was supported by the Pasteur – Paris University (PPU) International PhD Program. D.P.O.B. was supported by Institut Pasteur (grants PasteurInnoV15006‐01A and PTR451). P.G. was supported by Sorbonne Université. Funding is acknowledged from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant number CACSICE Equipex ANR‐11‐EQPX‐0008). Region Ile de France (grant number DIM MalInf 2016), CNRS (UMR 3528), Institut Pasteur (grant numbers PasteurInnoV15006‐01A, PTR451 and PTR166‐19, PPUIP program). The funders have no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., The authors acknowledge SOLEIL and ESRF for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities. The authors thank the staffs of the DISCO, PROXIMA‐1, and SWING beamlines for constant support and help during data collection (Synchrotron SOLEIL, St Aubin, France) and MASSIF (Synchrotron ESRF, Grenoble, France) beamlines for assistance during the X‐ray diffraction data collection., ANR-11-EQPX-0008,CACSICE,Centre d'analyse de systèmes complexes dans les environnements complexes(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chenal, Alexandre, and Equipements d'excellence - Centre d'analyse de systèmes complexes dans les environnements complexes - - CACSICE2011 - ANR-11-EQPX-0008 - EQPX - VALID

Sylvia Broeders, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Morgane Pol, Nancy H. C. Roosens, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Marie-Alice Fraiture, Dominique Rousset, Els Vandermassen, Wim Coucke, Antoine Biron, Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de Référence pour les Arbovirus - Laboratoire de Virologie [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, This study was financed by 'International Network Institut Pasteur' thought the project 'Evaluation of the use of non-invasive tests for early screening and survey of arboviruses (Arbo-VIRTUESS)' (ACIP-2014-053)., and The authors would like to thank Centre de Recherche Translationnelle (Institut Pasteur) for their help in the ethical procedures. The authors would like also to thank Julie Peter for her participation.

Nicolas Berthet, Aymeric Hans, Sara Savić, Diana Lupulović, Živoslav Grgić, D. Gaudaire, Kazimir Matović, Alexandre Deshiere, Scientific Veterinary Institute 'Novi Sad', Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris], This study was supported by the Hubert Curien Partnerships (PHC-Pavle Savic), the European Reference Laboratory for Equine Diseases other than African Horse Sickness, ANSES’s own institutional resources and the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant no. TR31071). Alexandre Deshiere and 'CENTAURE project' was supported by a grant awarded by the Regional Council of Normandy and the French Ministry of Higher Education, within the framework of CPER 2015–2020 and FEDER/FSE 2014–2020. Nicolas Berthet is also supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2019SHZDZX02). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication., The authors thank the sequencing platform SeSAME of the Centre François Baclesse in Caen, Normandy and official veterinary services in Serbia. Laboratoire de santé animale, site de Normandie is a member of the GIS Centaure equine research and authors thanks Regional Council of Normandy, France for providing an excellent scientific environment, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Bruno Moisés de Matos, Sophie Vichier-Guerre, Tatiana Reichert da Silva Assunção, Laurence Dugué, Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin, Beatriz G. Guimarães, Sylvie Pochet, Lidia Watanabe Reolon, Fiocruz Paraná - Instituto Carlos Chagas / Carlos Chagas Institute [Curitiba, Brésil] (ICC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Instituto Federal Paraná (IFPR), Chimie et Biocatalyse, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundação Araucária [05/2016], Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES Financing code 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq, NITZ 312195/2015-0 BGG 304027/2015-4 and LWR fellowship], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. The authors also acknowledge financial support from Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Funding for open access charge: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz., The authors acknowledge the Platform for Protein Purification and Characterization of the FIOCRUZ Technical Platform program. The authors are grateful to Synchrotron SOLEIL for beam time awarded at PROXIMA1 and PROXIMA2a beam lines (Proposal 20160778) and all the support they benefited as SOLEIL’s users. We thank Jean-Sebastien Vartanian-Grimaldi for technical help during the preparation of ACSS. Yves L. Janin is also acknowledged for his help in proof-reading this manuscript. Electrostatic potential analyses were performed with UCSF Chimera, developed by the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco, with support from NIH P41-GM103311, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa, Gael J. Kergoat, Daiara Manfio, Isaac Reis Jorge, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná [Curitiba] (UTFPR), Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Universidade Federal do Parana [Curitiba] (UFPR), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), We thank Alexander Konstantinov and Elisabeth Roberts, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, that kindly received the two first authors in the USNM and for the loan of specimens that enable this study, and the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for the scholarship for the first author and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for the scholarships for the second and fourth authors. This is the contribution number 1937 of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.

Seth R. Bordenstein, Frederik Schulz, Pelin Yilmaz, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Natalia Ivanova, Christelle Desnues, Shinichi Sunagawa, Karyna Rosario, Simon Roux, Steven W. Wilhelm, Nicole S. Webster, Mart Krupovic, Lisa Zeigler Allen, Catherine Putonti, K. Eric Wommack, Tanja Woyke, Eugene V. Koonin, Joanne B. Emerson, Jed A. Fuhrman, Hiroyuki Ogata, Ramy K. Aziz, Arvind Varsani, Marie-Agnès Petit, Bonnie L. Hurwitz, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Andrew M. Kropinski, Katrine Whiteson, Thomas Rattei, Kyung Bum Lee, Peer Bork, David Paez-Espino, Mark J. Young, Jens H. Kuhn, Ben Temperton, Rebecca A. Daly, Natalya Yutin, Emiley A. Eloe-Fadrosh, Manuel Martinez-Garcia, Curtis A. Suttle, Susannah G. Tringe, Alejandro Reyes, Bas E. Dutilh, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Rex R. Malmstrom, Ilene Karsch Mizrachi, Kelly C. Wrighton, Rob Lavigne, Mya Breitbart, Lynn M. Schriml, Philip Hugenholtz, Melissa B. Duhaime, François Enault, Pascal Hingamp, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera, Clara Amid, Matthew B. Sullivan, Jessica M. Labonté, Grieg F. Steward, J. Rodney Brister, Takashi Yoshida, Guy Cochrane, DOE Joint Genome Institute [Walnut Creek], University of Liverpool, Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics [Utrecht], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), University of Guelph, Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Cape Town, European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Cairo University, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern California (USC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Arizona, Texas A&M University [Galveston], National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Universidad de Alicante, Kyoto University, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of Chicago, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Exeter, Oregon State University (OSU), Australian Institute of Marine Science [Townsville] (AIMS Townsville), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], University of Delaware [Newark], Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Montana State University (MSU), J. Craig Venter Institute, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 for S.R., the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi grant 864.14.004 for B.E.D., the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health for E.V.K., I.K.M., J.R.B. and N.Y., the Virus-X project (EU Horizon 2020, No. 685778) for F.E. and M.K., Battelle Memorial Institute's prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I for J.H.K., the GOA grant 'Bacteriophage Biosystems' from KU Leuven for R.L., the European Molecular Biology Laboratory for C.A. and G.R.C., Cairo University Grant 2016-57 for R.K.A., National Science Foundation award 1456778, National Institutes of Health awards R01 AI132581 and R21 HD086833, and The Vanderbilt Microbiome Initiative award for S.R.B., National Science Foundation awards DEB-1239976 for M.B. and K.R. and DEB-1555854 for M.B., the NSF Early Career award DEB-1555854 and NSF Dimensions of Biodiversity #1342701 for K.C.W. and R.A.D., the Agence Nationale de la Recherche JCJC grant ANR-13-JSV6-0004 and Investissements d'Avenir Méditerranée Infection 10-IAHU-03 for C.D., the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Initiative No. 3779 and the Simons Foundation for J.A.F., the French government 'Investissements d'Avenir' program OCEANOMICS ANR-11-BTBR-0008 and European FEDER Fund 1166-39417 for P. Hingamp, Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL150100038 to P. Hugenholtz the National Science Foundation award 1801367 and C-DEBI Research Grant for J.M.L., the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant 5334 and Ministry of Economy and Competitivity refs. CGL2013-40564-R and SAF2013-49267-EXP for M.M.-G., the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sports, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan No. 16H06429, 16K21723, and 16H06437 for H.O. and T.Y., National Science Foundation award DBI-1661357 to C.P., the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity ref CGL2016-76273-P (cofunded with FEDER funds) for F.R.-V., the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation awards 3305 and 3790 and NSF Biological Oceanography OCE 1536989 for M.B.S., the ETH Zurich and Helmut Horten Foundation and the Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research (17B077) for S.S., a BIOS-SCOPE award from Simons Foundation International and NERC award NE/P008534/1 to B.T., NSF Biological Oceanography Grant 1635913 for R.V.T., the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT120100480 for N.S.W., a Gilead Sciences Cystic Fibrosis Research Scholarship for K.L.W., Gordon and Better Moore Foundation Grant 4971 for S.W.W., the NSF EPSCoR grant 1736030 for K.E.W., the National Science Foundation award DEB-4W4596 and National Institutes of Health award R01 GM117361 for M.J.Y., the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation No. 7000 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under award NA15OAR4320071 for L.Z.A. DDBJ is supported by ROIS and MEXT. The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. B.E.D., A.K., M.K., J.H.K., R.L. and A.V. are members of the ICTV Executive Committee, but the views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of the ICTV., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Ecología Microbiana Molecular, Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of South Florida (USF), University of California, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), J Craig Venter Institute, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Sub Bioinformatics, and Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics

Vladimir Popov, Nikolai Bessonov, Gennady Bocharov, Vitaly Volpert, Andreas Meyerhans, Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems [St. Petersburg] (IPME), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Numerical Mathematics [Moscou] (INM-RAS), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Peoples Friendship University of Russia [RUDN University] (RUDN), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Multi-scale modelling of cell dynamics : application to hematopoiesis (DRACULA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire (CGPhiMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The work of the first, second, third, and fifth authors was supported by the RussianScience Foundation through grant 18-11-00171. The work of the fourth and fifth authors was partially supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program. The work of thesecond author was partially supported by Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, agreement with the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 075-15-2019-1624. The work of the third author was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness and FEDER grant SAF2016-75505-R (AEI/MINEICO/FEDER, UE) and by the Maria de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2014-0370)., Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire (CGPhiMC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Modélisation mathématique, calcul scientifique (MMCS)

José Luis Trillo-Contreras, Pedro Gómez-Gálvez, Luis M. Escudero, Nieves Lara-Ureña, Andrea S. Bullones-Bolanos, Javier Vitorica, Miriam Echevarría, Rosana March-Díaz, Miguel Marchena, Jose Carlos Davila, Ana C. Sanchez-Hidalgo, Eloisa Herrera, Fernando de Castro, Jakob Körbelin, Antonia Gutierrez, Rocio González-Martínez, Alicia E. Rosales-Nieves, Raquel del Toro, Clara Ortega-de San Luis, Maria I. Alvarez-Vergara, Alberto Pascual, Pablo Vicente-Munuera, Manuel A. Sanchez-Garcia, Guiomar Rodriguez-Perinan, Martin Trepel, Francisco G. Scholl, Alberto Rábano, Javier Villadiego, Miguel Martin-Bornez, Beatriz Fernández-Gómez, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI18/01556, PI18/01557, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CB06/05/ 0094, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Fundació La Marató de TV3, Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Domingo Martínez, [Alvarez-Vergara,MI, Rosales-Nieves,AE, March-Diaz,R, Rodriguez-Perinan,G, Lara-Ureña,N, Ortega-de San Luis,C, Sanchez-Garcia,MA, Martin-Bornez,M, Gómez-Gálvez,P, Vicente-Munuera,P, Bullones-Bolanos,AS, Trillo-Contreras,JL, Sanchez-Hidalgo,AC, del Toro,R, Scholl,FG, Escudero,LM, Villadiego,J, Echevarria,M, Vitorica,J, Pascual,A] Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Gómez-Gálvez,P, Escudero,LM] Department of Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla. Seville, Spain. [Gómez-Gálvez,P, Davila,JC, Gutierrez,A, Vitorica,J] Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. [Fernandez-Gomez,B, Marchena,MA, de Castro,F] Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Marchena,MA] Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias, Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain. [Davila,JC, Gutierrez,A] Department of Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain. [Gonzalez-Martinez,R, Herrera,E] 7 Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain. [Trillo-Contreras,JL, Echevarria,M] Department of Fisiología Médica y Biofisica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [del Toro,R] Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain. [Trepel,M] Augsburg Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg, Germany. [Körbelin,J] Section of Pneumology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. [Rabano,A] Fundacion CIEN, Madrid, Spain. [Vitorica,J] Department of Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Ortega-de San Luis,L] Present address: School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Sanchez-Garcia,MA] Present address: Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. [Alvarez-Vergara,MI, Rosales-Nieves,AE] These authors contributed equally: Maria I. Alvarez-Vergara, Alicia E. Rosales-Nieves., A.E.R.-N. was the recipient of a JdlC-F fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MINEICO) (FJCI-2015-23708), M.I.A.-V., N.L.-U., and C.O.-d.S.L. were the recipient of an FPU fellowship from Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (respectively, FPU15/02898, FPU14-02115, and AP2010‐1598), and R.M.-D. was the recipient of a 'Sara Borrell' fellowship from ISCIII (CD09/0007). Work was supported by grants to A.P. by the Spanish MINEICO, ISCIII, and FEDER (SAF2012‐33816, SAF2015‐64111‐R, RTI2018-096629-B-100, SAF2017-90794-REDT, and PIE13/0004), by the regional Government of Andalusia ('Proyectos de Excelencia', P12‐CTS‐2138 and P12‐CTS‐2232) co-funded by CEC and FEDER funds, and by the 'Ayuda de Biomedicina 2018', Fundación Domingo Martínez, J.Vitorica: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCiii) of Spain, co-financed by FEDER funds from European Union (PI18/01556) by La Marató-TV3 Foundation grant 20141431, by CIBERNED (CB06/05/0094), and by Junta de Andalucia Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento through grant US-1262734, A.G.: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCiii) of Spain, co-financed by FEDER funds from European Union, through grant PI18/01557, and by Junta de Andalucia Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento through grants UMA18-FEDERJA-211 and P18-RT-2233 co-financed by Programa Operativo FEDER 2014-2020. The authors thank Maria Llorens-Martin (CBM-Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain) for the generous gift of the human samples, Ralf H. Adams and Jose L. de la Pompa for providing the Cdh5-Cre, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas

Irène Pitard, Damien Monet, Pierre L. Goossens, Arnaud Blondel, Thérèse E. Malliavin, Bioinformatique structurale, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant (ED515), Sorbonne Université (SU), Yersinia, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Irene Pitard thanks DGA for PhD nancial support (grant 2017033). Authors thank CNRSand Institut Pasteur for recurrent funding. This work was also supported by the INCEPTIONproject ANR-16-CONV-0005, ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l’étude de l’Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Bioinformatique structurale - Structural Bioinformatics, IP thanks DGA for Ph.D. financial support (grant 2017033) and Ecole Doctorale ED515 complexité du vivant. Authors thank CNRS and Institut Pasteur for recurrent funding. This work was also supported by the INCEPTION project ANR-16-CONV-0005., ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Olivier Loréal, Loïc Treffel, Martine Ropert, Arnaud Beck, Sarah Rochdi, Luz Orfila, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Frédéric Derbré, Christelle Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Marie-Laure Island, Marie-Pierre Bareille, Kevin Nay, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Médecine et de Physiologie Spatiales (MEDES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université de Clermont-Ferrand-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), The authors thank the volunteers and the staff of MEDES for participation in this protocol at the MEDES space clinic in 2018 and in 2019. This work was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. The work was also supported by INRAE and Brittany Council and partially supported by an AlimH department grant. The authors thank Stephanie Zindilis and Elisabetta Andermarcher for expert manuscript editing., Raynaud, Christelle, École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université de Clermont-Ferrand-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université de Tours-Université de Clermont-Ferrand-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université de Clermont-Ferrand-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences [Alexandria, USA] (MCB), National Science Foundation [Arlington] (NSF), Quadram Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Humboldt University Of Berlin, The Pirbright Institute, Virologie des archées - Archaeal Virology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Mississippi State University [Mississippi], University of Oxford, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), The authors declare no conflicts of interest. A.R.M. is a Program Director at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the statements and opinions expressed herein are made in a personal capacity and do not constitute endorsement by NSF or the government of the United States. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. N.J.K. is partially supported by core funding provided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK. B.E.D. is supported by Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi grant 864.14.004 and European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 865694: DiversiPHI. B.H. is partially supported by National Research, Development and Innovation Office – NKFIH, NN128309. S.S. acknowledges partial support from Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. E.M.A. was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), this research was funded by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Gut Microbes and Health BB/R012490/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR10353 and BBS/E/F/000PR10356. S.J. is supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under project number 01KI1716 as part of the Research Network Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. FMZ is partially supported by CAPES (Finance Code 001). None of the work reported involved research on human participants or animals. All authors have contributed to this work and agreed to its publication. Except for Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Richard J. Orton and Donald B. Smith, the authors were members of the ICTV Executive Committee during the relevant period., European Project: 865694,H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC),DiversiPHI(2020), Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute for Animal Health, the Pirbright Institute, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Oxford [Oxford], and Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV)

Navid Dinparast-Djadid, Leila Nourani, Abbasali Raz, Anna-Bella Failloux, Cécile Beck, Maëlle Monier, Sylvie Lecollinet, Kourosh Arzamani, Sedigheh Zakeri, Hasan Bakhshi, Laurence Mousson, Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences [Iran], This work was supported by the MATI Program of the Institut Pasteur International Network 'ENVIRONmental changes and MOSquito‐borne diseases: the example of West Nile (Environ‐MOS)'. HB, as a Ph.D. student of medical biotechnology also received scholarships from education office of IP Iran, IP Paris and Campus France., We appreciate Dr. Mehdi Fazlalipour and Dr. Sadegh Chinikar (Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran) for their valuable supports which worth to be regarded as co‐authors. The authors are grateful to the staff of Public Health Department, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (North Khorasan, Iran) and North Research Center of IPI (Amol, Iran). We also thank Mr. Kheiri for his help during the project. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation to the local inhabitants in the study areas., École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Win Surachetpong, Klaudia Janik, Krzysztof Rakus, Anna Pecio, Niedharsan Pooranachandran, Jean-Pierre Levraud, Magdalena Chadzinska, Pierre Boudinot, Magdalena Widziolek, Mikolaj Adamek, Miriam Mojzesz, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Kasetsart University, Thaïlande], Kasetsart University (KU)-Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN: UMO-2015/18/E/NZ6/00516 Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, The authors wish to thank Ms. Dominika Czarnecka for her contribution to the analysis of the expression of DExD/H-box RNA helicases in zebrafish larvae. The open-access publication of this article was funded by the Priority Research Area BioS under the program 'Excellence Initiative – Research University' at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. This work was supported by the National Science Centre of Poland under Sonata Bis 5 project (Grant number UMO-2015/18/E/NZ6/00516 )., The authors wish to thank Ms. Dominika Czarnecka for her contribution to the analysis of the expression of DExD/H-box RNA helicases in zebrafish larvae. The open-access publication of this article was funded by the Priority Research Area BioS under the program ?Excellence Initiative ? Research University? at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. This work was supported by the National Science Centre of Poland under Sonata Bis 5 project (Grant number UMO-2015/18/E/NZ6/00516)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Frank Bellivier, Christine Passerieux, Julien Dubreucq, Isabelle Martins, Antoine Lafarge, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Delphine Capdevielle, Ludovic Samalin, Caroline Dubertret, Franck Oury, Valentina Sica, Stéphanie Moriceau, Fabrice Berna, Raymond Schwan, Guido Kroemer, Face-Sz, Christophe Magnan, Sébastien Gard, José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro, Marion Leboyer, Paul Roux, Bruno Etain, Emilie Olié, Jasmina Mallet, David Misdrahi, Raoul Belzeaux, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Adrien Joseph, Jonathan Pol, Philippe Courtet, Guillaume Fond, Franck Schürhoff, D' Amato Thierry, Joséphine Loftus, Gerasimos Anagnostopoulos, Mircea Polosan, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Henri Mondor, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace de Monaco (CHPG), Monaco, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie (NCPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] (CHU), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre d'études et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie (CEReSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Hôpital Charles Perrens, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy (CPN), Imagerie Adaptative Diagnostique et Interventionnelle (IADI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Service de Biologie [Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC ANR-18-IDEX-0001 Ligue Contre le Cancer Chancellerie des Universités de Paris Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: UMS3655 Institut National Du Cancer, INCa Institut Universitaire de France, IUF Fondation Leducq Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC GDW20171100085, The authors thank Maxime Perez for establishing contacts among dispersed investigators. The authors thank the CRC Core Facilities for the technical support. G.K. is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)—Projets blancs, ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), Association 'Le Cancer du Sein, Parlons-en!', Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), a donation by Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR), Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China (GDW20171100085), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001), the RHU Torino Lumière, the Seerave Foundation, the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM). J.M.B-S.P. is supported by a Ramon y Cajal contract funded by the Spanish Government., ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Joseph, A., Moriceau, S., Sica, V., Anagnostopoulos, G., Pol, J., Martins, I., Lafarge, A., Maiuri, M. C., Leboyer, M., Loftus, J., Bellivier, F., Belzeaux, R., Berna, F., Etain, B., Capdevielle, D., Courtet, P., Dubertret, C., Dubreucq, J., Thierry, D. A., Fond, G., Gard, S., Llorca, P. -M., Mallet, J., Misdrahi, D., Olie, E., Passerieux, C., Polosan, M., Roux, P., Samalin, L., Schurhoff, F., Schwan, R., Magnan, C., Oury, F., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Kroemer, G., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier Charles Perrens [Bordeaux], and Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Laxou] (CPN)

Camilo Miguel Signorelli, Morten L. Kringelbach, Lynn Uhrig, Béchir Jarraya, Gustavo Deco, Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Computational Neuroscience Research Group (CNRG), Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of Waterloo [Waterloo]-University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Monash University [Melbourne], CHILE/2016 - 72170507 Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT, The authors thank Jordy Tasserie for help with data transfer, Morgan Dupont and Wilfried Pianezzola for help with animal experiments, Alexis Amadon, Hauke Kolster, Laurent Laribière, Jérémy Bernard, Eric Giacomini, Michel Luong, Edouard Chazel, and the NeuroSpin magnetic resonance imaging and informatics teams for help with imaging tools, Sébastien Mériaux and Joël Cotton for animal facilities, and Jean-Robert Deverre, for administrative support, Commissariat à l'Énergie atomique et aux Énergies alternatives (CEA /Joliot). The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for your relevant remarks and positive consideration. The first author also appreciate the support from Comisión Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Tecnología (CONICYT, currently ANID) through Programa Formacion de Capital Avanzado (PFCHA), Doctoral scholarship Becas Chile: CONICYT PFCHA/DOCTORADO BECAS CHILE/2016 - 72170507., CCSD, Accord Elsevier, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Sophie Rossi, Pascal Marchand, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Elodie Petit, Sébastien Lambert, Dominique Gauthier, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Carole Toïgo, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Anne Thébault, Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), This work was performed using the computing facilities of the CC LBBE/PRABI and of the CC IN2P3, and performed within the framework of the LABEX ECOFECT (ANR-11-LABX-0048) of Université de Lyon, within the program 'Investissements d'Avenir' (ANR- 11-IDEX-0007) operated by the French National Research Agency (ANR). The authors want to thank the scientific experts of the ANSES working groups on brucellosis of Alpine ibex in the Bargy massif, and especially Jean-Pierre Ganière and José-Maria Blasco, who helped for the range values of parameters for the sensitivity analysis. The authors also want to thank the field technicians and researchers, especially Jean Hars, from the French Wildlife and Hunting Agency (ONCFS), who performed monitoring and management of the Alpine ibex population. The authors are also grateful to Elizabeta Vergu and Benoit Durand for their precious insights with the design of the ABC calibration, to Vincent Miele for his help optimising the code of the model, to Christian Willisch for answering questions about Alpine ibex mating tactics and to Clément Calenge for his analyses of the social structure of Alpine ibex in our population. They also thank an anonymous referee for constructive comments on a previous version., ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), and Direction de la Stratégie et des Programmes (DSP)

Roberto Sandulli, Emma Michaud, Maria Balsamo, Eleonora Grassi, Claire Michelet, Elisa Baldrighi, Alie Abibulaeva, Lucia Cesaroni, Igor Dovgal, Loretta Guidi, Federica Semprucci, Annalisa Franzo, Daniela Zeppilli, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), A.O. Kovalevskiy Institute of Biology of Southern Seas [Sevastopol, Ukraine], Laboratoire Environnement Profond (LEP), Etudes des Ecosystèmes Profonds (EEP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare [Rome, Italie] (CoNISma), Financial support was provided by the project 'Prokaryote-nematode Interaction in marine extreme envirONments: a uniquE source for ExploRation of innovative biomedical applications' (PIONEER) funded by the Total Foundation and IFREMER (2016-2019). The work of second (ID) and fourth (AA) authors was made within the framework of research issue of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas #AAAA-A19-119060690014-5. French Guiana sampling and working were funded by 'Office de l'Eau de la Guyane' (OEG) and 'Agence francaise pour la biodiversite' (AFB). The authors are grateful to the working group 'Mangroves' and the LEEISA laboratory (Cayenne) for its help in the fieldwork made within the European Water Framework Directive., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), IFREMER- Département Etude des Ecosystèmes Profonds (DEEP/LEP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University Parthenope of Naples

Julien Schmidt, Ludovic Lacroix, Atmane Seck, Aurore Vozy, Patrick Saulnier, Jonathan Grivel, Nathalie Chaput, Jean Mehdi Jouniaux, Ester Simeone, Franck Carbonnel, Paolo A. Ascierto, Laetitia Nebot-Bral, M. Naigeon, Domenico Mallardo, L. Boselli, Paul Louis Woerther, Caroline Robert, Lydie Cassard, Patricia Lepage, Angelo Paci, Clélia Coutzac, Mélanie Desbois, Christine Mateus, V. Asvatourian, Emilie Soularue, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France, Laboratoire d’Immunomonitoring en Oncologie (LIO), Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse (AMMICa), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anti-cancéreuses [Villejuif] (UMR 8203), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori - National Cancer Institute [Milan], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori [Milano], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Fondation Gustave Roussy Direction Générale de l’offre de Soins, DGOS: TRANSLA 12-174 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS: INCa-DGOS-INSERM_12551, ANR-10IBHU-0001 Fondation Gustave Roussy Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2012-1-RT-14-IGR-01 Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM AstraZeneca Sanofi GlaxoSmithKline Australia, GSK, The authors thank Dr. Patrick Gonin from the PlatForm for Preclinical Evaluation (PFEP). Fundings: This study was funded by Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Fondation Gustave Roussy, the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), SIRIC SOCRATE (INCa DGOS INSERM 6043), SIRIC SOCRATE 2.0 (INCa-DGOS-INSERM_12551), MMO program: ANR-10IBHU-0001), Direction General de l’Offre de Soins (DGOS, TRANSLA 12-174), Institut National du Cancer (INCa, 2012-062 N_ Canceropole: 2012-1-RT-14-IGR-01). Dr. Clélia Coutzac was supported by fellowships from Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM) from 2015 to 2016., N.C. reports research grants from Cytune Pharma, GSK, Sanofi, has participated in advisory boards for AstraZeneca and has been a speaker for Sanofi and AstraZeneca. C.R. has participated in advisory boards for Roche, GSK, Merck, Novartis, Amgen, BMS and Novartis. Franck Carbonnel received boards or lecture fees from enterome, Amgen, Astra, MSD, BMS, Janssen, Pfizer, Abbvie, Mayoly Spindler, Takeda, Pileje, Roche. E. Soularue has participated in advisory board for Novartis. L.L. has participated in advisory boards for Roche, Astrazeneca, BMS, Genomic Health, Illumina, Qiagen, Novartis Thermofisher and has been a speaker for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Dyn, Vela diagnostics, Luye Pharma, and Roche. P.A.A. has/had a consultant/advisory role for Bristol Myers-Squibb, Roche-Genentech, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Array, Novartis, Amgen, Merck Serono, Pierre Fabre, Incyte, NewLink Genetics, Genmab, Medimmune, AstraZeneca, Syndax, SunPharma, Sanofi, Idera. He also received Research funds from Bristol Myers-Squibb, Roche-Genentech, Array. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., and ANR-10-IBHU-0001,MMO (IHU-CANCER),Institut de Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer(2010)

Jordi Sardans, Philippe Ciais, Michael Obersteiner, Josep Peñuelas, Ivan A. Janssens, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ANR-16-CONV-0003, SGR 2017-1005 CGL2016-79835-P Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: 610028 European Research Council, ERC: ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P, The authors acknowledge the financial support from the European Research Council Synergy grant ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P, the Spanish Government grant CGL2016-79835-P, the Catalan Government grant SGR 2017-1005 and ANR grant ANR-16-CONV-0003 (CLAND). The authors also wish to thank Rosa Casanovas for improving the figures., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Catherine Leroy, Séverine Amand, Anthony Mouray, David Tulasne, Andreas E. Kulozik, Christine Bailly, Thierry Chassat, Carole Trzaska, David Hannebique, Eric Adriaenssens, Jean-Michel Saliou, Elisabeth Werkmeister, Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Eric Westhof, Evelyne Duvernois-Berthet, Yuri Motorin, Romain Guilbert, Marie-Christine Copin, Virginie Marchand, Sylvie Rebuffat, Fabrice Lejeune, Hana Benhabiles, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies - UMR 9020 - U 1277 (CANTHER), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie, Biologie et Santé en Lorraine (IBSLor), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation (PhyMA), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Génie civil et Géo-environnement (LGCgE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-École polytechnique universitaire de Lille (Polytech Lille), Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg [Heidelber, Germany] (KITZ), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ)-Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (ARN), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F.L. is an Inserm researcher supported by fundings from Vaincre la mucoviscidose, the Association française contre les myopathies, the GIP Cancéropôle Nord Ouest, the Fondation Maladies Rares and the SATT Lutech, Authors would like to thank Dr. Jens Lykke-Andersen, Pr. P.A. Jänne and Pr. Lynne Maquat for reagents, Dr. Clément Carré, Dr. Bruno Lapeyre, Dr. Gabriele Neu-Yilik, Dr. Matthias Hentze, and Dr. Jean-Paul Renaud for helpful discussions. Authors also thank the Bicel facility for technical help, the PLEHTA for technical help on mouse managing and in vivo experiments, Valérie IGEL-BOURGUIGNON and Dr. Lilia AYADI from the Next-Generation Sequencing Core Facility of UMS2008 IBSLor (Université de Lorraine-CNRS-INSERM) for their help in RiboMethSeq library preparation and sequencing., Hétérogénéité, Plasticité et Résistance aux Thérapies des Cancers [Lille] (CANTHER), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université Lille Nord (France)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Department of Pediatric Oncology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Médecine cellulaire et molécualire, PRES Université Lille Nord de France-Institut de Biologie de Lille-IFR 142, Université d'Artois (UA)-École polytechnique universitaire de Lille (Polytech Lille)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Yncréa Hauts-de-France, and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Hélène Salvator, Stanislas Grassin-Delyle, Emmanuel Naline, Marion Brollo, Caroline Fournier, Louis-Jean Couderc, Philippe Devillier, Laboratoire de recherche sur les mécanismes moléculaires et pharmacologiques de l’obstruction bronchique (LOBIP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Infection et inflammation (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The authors thank the imaging facility Cymages (UFR Simone Veil-Sant?, D?partement de Biotechnologie de la Sant?, Universit? Paris-Saclay, UVSQ) for microscopy image acquisition. The authors also wish to thank David Fraser Ph D (Biotech Communication SARL, Ploudalmezeau, France) for the copyediting assistance., and HAL UVSQ, Équipe

Bertrand Marcon, Louis Denaud, Joffrey Viguier, Citra Yanto Ciki Purba, Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédés (LABOMAP), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and This study was performed thanks to the partnership built by BOPLI: a shared public–private laboratory between Bourgogne Franche-Compté region, LaBoMaP and the company Fernand BRUGERE. The authors would also like to thank the Xylomat Technical Platform from the Xylomat Scientific Network funded by ANR-10-EQPX-16 XYLOFOREST. Finally, the authors would like to thank Fernand BRUGERE and the Carnot Institute ARTS for funding this research.

Isabelle Pin, Isa Cerveri, Lucia Cazzoletti, Andrei Malinovschi, Josep M. Antó, Simone Accordini, Deborah Jarvis, David Gislason, Ane Johannessen, Bénédicte Leynaert, Pierpaolo Marchetti, Diogenes S. Ferreira, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Alessandro Marcon, Christer Janson, Rain Jögi, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Angelo Corsico, Joachim Heinrich, Joost Weyler, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), 2610, 4350 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, 99/0034-02 97/0035, 97/0035-02, 99/0034-04, 99/0034-06, 99/0034-07, 99/350 90MR/10, 91AF/6 SEPAR R01 HL62633-01 018996 911631 Russell Sage Foundation, RSF ResMed Foundation AstraZeneca GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Novartis U.S. Public Health Service, USPHS: R01 HL62633-01 Chiesi Farmaceutici, Chiesi Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, FAS Boehringer Ingelheim VÃ¥rdalstiftelsen Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft, FAG Commercial Aircraft of China, COMAC Wellcome Trust, WT: WT 084703MA Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 633212 Growing Spine Foundation, GSF Gobierno del Principado de Asturias Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, BMRF Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, AAFA Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, MISAN Union Chimique Belge, UCB Medical Research Council, MRC: 92091, G0901214 National Institute for Health Research, NIHR British Lung Foundation, BLF European Commission, EC: EU-PEAL PL01237 National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: G.0402.00 Asthma Foundation of Victoria Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: FR1526/1-1, HE 3294/10-1, MA 711/4-1, MA 711/6-1, NO 262/7-1 Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNSF: 3100-059302, 3200-042532, 3200-052720, 3247-065896, 3247BO-104283, 3247BO-104284, 3247BO-104288, 33CSCO-108796, 33CSCO-134276/1, 4026-028099, 4026-28099 Eesti Teadusfondi, ETF: 1088 ForskningsrÃ¥det för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap, FAS Eesti Teadusagentuur: 562 Bundesamt für Gesundheit, BAG Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO Generalitat de Catalunya Consell Català de Recerca i Innovació: 1999SGR 00241 Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium: SF0180060s09 Hjärt-Lungfonden Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: C03/011, C03/09 Háskóli Íslands, HI Norges ForskningsrÃ¥d: 101422/310, 214123 Medicinska ForskningsrÃ¥det, MFR Cancéropôle Ile de France Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 381/05.93 Ministeriet Sundhed Forebyggelse SUVA Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica, SEPAR: FIS 09/01511, FIS PS09/00716, FIS PS09/02185, FIS PS09/03190, SEPAR 1001/2010 Horizon 2020 Universiteit Antwerpen Comité des Maladies Respiratoires de l'Isère Comissió Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovació Tecnològica, CIRIT: 1997 SGR 00079, 1999 SGR 00214 Servicio Murciano de Salud Regione del Veneto Regione Piemonte Astma- och Allergiförbundet Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux Office Fédéral de l'Education et de la Science, OFES Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBWF Helmholtz Zentrum München Lungenliga Schweiz Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, MARM: G03/176 Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria: 91/0016-060-05/E, 92/0319, 93/0393, PS09/00716, PS09/01511, PS09/02185, PS09/02457, PS09/03190 Fundació Autònoma Solidària, FAS Servicio Andaluz de Salud, SAS, The ALEC study is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement number 633212. ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. National funders who supported data collection in the original studies are listed in Appendix E4 in this article's Online Repository at www.jaci-inpractice.org. The funders had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication.Conflicts of interest: D. S. Ferreira reports grants from the Asthma Foundation of Victoria, Allen and Hanburys, National Health and Medical Research Council. I. Pin reports travel grants and honoraria from Novartis, Zambon, and AstraZeneca, and nonfinancial support from AGIR?dom. R. J?gi reports grants from Estonian Research Council Personal Research (grant no. 562), and consultancy, lecture, and travel fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer, and Novartis. The rest of the authors report no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous 3 years, and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.Financial support for ECRHS I: The coordination of this work was supported by the European Commission, and the authors and participants are grateful to the late C. Baya and M. Hallen for their help during the study and K. Vuylsteek and the members of the COMAC for their support. The following grants helped to fund the local studies: Australia: Asthma Foundation of Victoria, Allen and Hanbury's, Belgium: Belgian Science Policy Office, National Fund for Scientific Research, Estonia: Estonian Science Foundation (grant no. 1088), France: Minist?re de la Sant?, Glaxo France, Institut Pneumologique d'Aquitaine, Contrat de Plan Etat-R?gion Languedoc-Rousillon, Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salari?s, Comit? national contre les maladies respiratoires et la tuberculose (90MR/10, 91AF/6), Ministre delegu? de la sant?, R?seau national de sant? publique, France, Germany: Helmholtz Zentrum Munich and Bundesminister f?r Forschung und Technologie, Italy: Ministero dell'Universit? e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Regione Veneto (grant RSF no. 381/05.93), Norway: Norwegian Research Council project no. 101422/310, Portugal: Glaxo Farmac?utica Lda, Sandoz Portugesa, Spain: Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria (nos. 91/0016-060-05/E, 92/0319, and 93/0393), Hospital General de Albacete, Hospital General Juan Ram?n Jim?nez, Direcci?n Regional de Salud P?blica (Consejer?a de Sanidad del Principado de Asturias), Consell Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovaci? Tecnol?gica (1997 SGR 00079), and Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sweden: The Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Swedish Association against Asthma and Allergy, Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 4026-28099), and UK: National Asthma Campaign, British Lung Foundation, Department of Health, South Thames Regional Health Authority.Financial support for ECRHS II: Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council, Belgium: Antwerp: Fund for Scientific Research (grant code G.0402.00), University of Antwerp, and Flemish Health Ministry, Estonia: Tartu: Estonian Science Foundation (grant no. 4350), France: (All) Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique?Direction de la Recherche Clinique de Grenoble 2000 number 2610, Ministry of Health, Minist?re de l'Emploi et de la Solidarit?, Direction G?nerale de la Sant?, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Bordeaux: Institut Pneumologique d'Aquitaine, Grenoble: Comite des Maladies Respiratoires de l'Isere, Montpellier: Aventis (France), Direction Regionale des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales Languedoc-Roussillon, Paris: Union Chimique Belge-Pharma (France), Aventis (France), Glaxo France, Germany: Erfurt: GSF?National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant code FR1526/1-1), Hamburg: GSF?National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant code MA 711/4-1), Iceland: Reykjavik: Icelandic Research Council and Icelandic University Hospital Fund, Italy: Pavia: GlaxoSmithKline Italy, Italian Ministry of University and Scientific and Technological Research (MURST), and Local University Funding for Research 1998 and 1999, Turin: Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4 Regione Piemonte (Italy), Azienda Ospedaliera Centro Traumatologico Ospedaliero/Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico?Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Regina Maria Adelaide Regione Piemonte, Verona: Ministero dell'Universit? e della Ricerca Scientifica (MURST), Glaxo Wellcome s.p.a., Norway: Bergen: Norwegian Research Council, Norwegian Asthma and Allergy Association, Glaxo Wellcome AS, and Norway Research Fund, Spain: Fondo de Investigacion Santarias (grant codes 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, and 99/0034-02), Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Consejeria de Sanidad, Barcelona: Sociedad Espanola de Neumolog?a y Cirug?a Toracica, Public Health Service (grant code R01 HL62633-01), Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (grant codes 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, and 99/0034-02), Consell Interdepartamentalde Recerca i Innovaci? Tecnol?gica (grant code 1999SGR 00241), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Centros de Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica, C03/09, Red de Bases moleculares y fisiol?gicas de las Enfermedades Respiratorias, C03/011 and Red de Grupos Infancia y Medio Ambiente G03/176, Huelva: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (grant codes 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, and 99/0034-02), Galdakao: Basque Health Department, Oviedo: Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitaria (97/0035-02, 97/0035, 99/0034-01, 99/0034-02, 99/0034-04, 99/0034-06, 99/350, and 99/0034-07), European Commission (EU-PEAL PL01237), Generalitat de Catalunya (CIRIT 1999 SGR 00214), Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Sociedad Espa?ola de Neumolog?a y Cirug?a Tor?cica (SEPAR R01 HL62633-01), Red de Centros de Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica (C03/09), Red de Bases moleculares y fisiol?gicas de las Enfermedades Respiratorias (C03/011), and Red de Grupos Infancia y Medio Ambiente (G03/176, 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, and 99/0034-02), Sweden: G?teborg, Umea, AND Uppsala: Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences and Allergy Research, Swedish Asthma and Allergy Foundation, Swedish Cancer and Allergy Foundation, and Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS), Switzerland: Basel: Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, and Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund, UK: Ipswich and Norwich: Asthma UK (formerly known as National Asthma Campaign).Financial support for ECRHS III: Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council, Belgium: Antwerp: South and Antwerp City: Research Foundation Flanders (grant code G.0.410.08.N.10), Estonia: Tartu: the Estonian Ministry of Education (SF0180060s09), France: (All): Minist?re de la Sant?, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique national 2010, Bordeaux: INSERM U897 Universit? Bordeaux segalen, Grenoble: Comite Scientifique AGIRadom 2011, and Paris: Agence Nationale de la Sant?, R?gion Ile de France, domaine d'int?r?t majeur, Germany: Erfurt: German Research Foundation (HE 3294/10-1), Hamburg: German Research Foundation (MA 711/6-1, NO 262/7-1), Iceland: Reykjavik: The Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund, University of Iceland Research Fund, ResMed Foundation, California, USA, Orkuveita Reykjavikur (Geothermal plant), and Vegager?in (The Icelandic Road Administration, Italy: All Italian centers were funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, in addition, Verona was funded by Cariverona Foundation and Education Ministry (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit? e della Ricerca), Norway: Norwegian Research Council (grant no. 214123), Western Norway Regional Health Authorities (grant no. 911631), and Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Spain: Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria (PS09/02457, PS09/00716, PS09/01511, PS09/02185, PS09/03190), Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sociedad Espa?ola de Neumolog?a y Cirurg?a Tor?cica (SEPAR 1001/2010), Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria (PS09/02457), Barcelona: Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria (FIS PS09/00716), Galdakao: Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria (FIS 09/01511), Huelva: Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria (FIS PS09/02185) and Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Oviedo: Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria (FIS PS09/03190), Sweden: All centers were funded by The Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, The Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association, The Swedish Association against Lung and Heart Disease, Swedish Research Council for health, working life and welfare, G?teborg: also received further funding from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research. Umea: also received funding from Vasterbotten Country Council ALF grant, Switzerland: The Swiss National Science Foundation (grants nos. 33CSCO-134276/1, 33CSCO-108796, 3247BO-104283, 3247BO-104288, 3247BO-104284, 3247-065896, 3100-059302, 3200-052720, 3200-042532, and 4026-028099), The Federal Office for Forest, Environment and Landscape, The Federal Office of Public Health, The Federal Office of Roads and Transport, the canton's government of Aargan, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Land, Geneva, Luzern, Ticino, Valais, and Z?rich, the Swiss Lung League, the canton's Lung League of Basel-Stadt/Basel, Landschaft, Geneva, Ticino, Valais, and Zurich, SUVA, Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft, UBS Wealth Foundation, Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH, Abbott Diagnostics, European Commission 018996 (GABRIEL), Wellcome Trust WT 084703MA, and UK: Medical Research Council (grant no.92091), support also provided by the National Institute for Health Research through the Primary Care Research Network., Financial support for ECRHS III: Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council, Estonia: Tartu: the Estonian Ministry of Education ( SF0180060s09 ), France: (All): Ministère de la Santé, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique national 2010, Bordeaux: INSERM U897 Université Bordeaux segalen, and Paris: Agence Nationale de la Santé, Région Ile de France, domaine d'intérêt majeur, Germany: Erfurt: German Research Foundation ( HE 3294/10-1 ), Hamburg: German Research Foundation ( MA 711/6-1 , NO 262/7-1 ), Iceland: Reykjavik: The Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund, University of Iceland Research Fund, ResMed Foundation , California, USA , Orkuveita Reykjavikur (Geothermal plant), and Vegagerðin (The Icelandic Road Administration, Italy: All Italian centers were funded by the Italian Ministry of Health , Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, in addition, Verona was funded by Cariverona Foundation and Education Ministry (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca), Norway: Norwegian Research Council (grant no. 214123 ), Western Norway Regional Health Authorities (grant no. 911631 ), and Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Spain: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PS09/02457, PS09/00716, PS09/01511, PS09/02185, PS09/03190), Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirurgía Torácica ( SEPAR 1001/2010), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PS09/02457), Barcelona: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS PS09/00716), Galdakao: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS 09/01511), Huelva: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS PS09/02185) and Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Oviedo: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS PS09/03190), Sweden: All centers were funded by The Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, The Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association , The Swedish Association against Lung and Heart Disease , Swedish Research Council for health, working life and welfare, Göteborg: also received further funding from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research . Umea: also received funding from Vasterbotten Country Council ALF grant, Switzerland: The Swiss National Science Foundation (grants nos. 33CSCO-134276/1 , 33CSCO-108796 , 3247BO-104283 , 3247BO-104288 , 3247BO-104284 , 3247-065896 , 3100-059302 , 3200-052720 , 3200-042532 , and 4026-028099 ), The Federal Office for Forest, Environment and Landscape, The Federal Office of Public Health, The Federal Office of Roads and Transport, the canton's government of Aargan, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Land, Geneva, Luzern, Ticino, Valais, and Zürich, the Swiss Lung League , the canton's Lung League of Basel-Stadt/Basel, Landschaft, Geneva, Ticino, Valais, and Zurich, SUVA, Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft , UBS Wealth Foundation, Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH, Abbott Diagnostics , European Commission 018996 (GABRIEL), Wellcome Trust WT 084703MA, and UK: Medical Research Council (grant no. 92091 ), support also provided by the National Institute for Health Research through the Primary Care Research Network ., Conflicts of interest: D. S. Ferreira reports grants from the Asthma Foundation of Victoria , Allen and Hanburys , National Health and Medical Research Council . I. Pin reports travel grants and honoraria from Novartis , Zambon , and AstraZeneca , and nonfinancial support from AGIRàdom. R. Jõgi reports grants from Estonian Research Council Personal Research (grant no. 562 ), and consultancy, lecture, and travel fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer, and Novartis. The rest of the authors report no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous 3 years, and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., Financial support for ECRHS II: Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council, Belgium: Antwerp: Fund for Scientific Research (grant code G.0402.00 ), University of Antwerp , and Flemish Health Ministry, Estonia: Tartu: Estonian Science Foundation (grant no. 4350 ), France: (All) Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique—Direction de la Recherche Clinique de Grenoble 2000 number 2610, Ministry of Health , Ministère de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité, Direction Génerale de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Bordeaux: Institut Pneumologique d’Aquitaine, Grenoble: Comite des Maladies Respiratoires de l’Isere, Germany: Erfurt: GSF— National Research Centre for Environment and Health , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant code FR1526/1-1 ), Hamburg: GSF— National Research Centre for Environment and Health , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant code MA 711/4-1 ), Turin: Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4 Regione Piemonte (Italy), Azienda Ospedaliera Centro Traumatologico Ospedaliero/Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico—Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Regina Maria Adelaide Regione Piemonte, Verona: Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Scientifica (MURST), Glaxo Wellcome s.p.a., Norway: Bergen: Norwegian Research Council , Norwegian Asthma and Allergy Association , Glaxo Wellcome AS , and Norway Research Fund, Spain: Fondo de Investigacion Santarias (grant codes 97/0035-01 , 99/0034-01 , and 99/0034-02 ), Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Consejeria de Sanidad, Barcelona: Sociedad Espanola de Neumología y Cirugía Toracica, Public Health Service (grant code R01 HL62633-01 ), Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (grant codes 97/0035-01 , 99/0034-01 , and 99/0034-02 ), Consell Interdepartamentalde Recerca i Innovació Tecnológica (grant code 1999SGR 00241 ), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Centros de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, C03/09, Red de Bases moleculares y fisiológicas de las Enfermedades Respiratorias, C03/011 and Red de Grupos Infancia y Medio Ambiente G03/176, Huelva: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (grant codes 97/0035-01 , 99/0034-01 , and 99/0034-02 ), Oviedo: Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitaria ( 97/0035-02 , 97/0035 , 99/0034-01 , 99/0034-02 , 99/0034-04 , 99/0034-06 , 99/350 , and 99/0034-07 ), European Commission ( EU-PEAL PL01237 ), Generalitat de Catalunya ( CIRIT 1999 SGR 00214), Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica ( SEPAR R01 HL62633-01 ), Red de Centros de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (C03/09), Red de Bases moleculares y fisiológicas de las Enfermedades Respiratorias (C03/011), and Red de Grupos Infancia y Medio Ambiente (G03/176, Sweden: Göteborg, Umea, AND Uppsala: Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences and Allergy Research , Swedish Asthma and Allergy Foundation , Swedish Cancer and Allergy Foundation , and Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research ( FAS ), Switzerland: Basel: Swiss National Science Foundation , Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science , and Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund, UK: Ipswich and Norwich: Asthma UK (formerly known as National Asthma Campaign)., Financial support for ECRHS I: The coordination of this work was supported by the European Commission , and the authors and participants are grateful to the late C. Baya and M. Hallen for their help during the study and K. Vuylsteek and the members of the COMAC for their support. The following grants helped to fund the local studies: Australia: Asthma Foundation of Victoria , Allen and Hanbury's, Belgium: Belgian Science Policy Office , National Fund for Scientific Research, Estonia: Estonian Science Foundation (grant no. 1088 ), France: Ministère de la Santé, Glaxo France , Institut Pneumologique d'Aquitaine , Contrat de Plan Etat-Région Languedoc-Rousillon , Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, Comité national contre les maladies respiratoires et la tuberculose (90MR/10, 91AF/6), Ministre delegué de la santé, Réseau national de santé publique, France, Germany: Helmholtz Zentrum Munich and Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie, Italy: Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Regione Veneto (grant RSF no. 381/05.93 ), Portugal: Glaxo Farmacêutica Lda, Sandoz Portugesa, Spain: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (nos. 91/0016-060-05/E , 92/0319 , and 93/0393 ), Hospital General de Albacete, Hospital General Juan Ramón Jiménez, Dirección Regional de Salud Pública (Consejería de Sanidad del Principado de Asturias), Consell Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovació Tecnològica (1997 SGR 00079), and Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sweden: The Swedish Medical Research Council , the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation , the Swedish Association against Asthma and Allergy, Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 4026-28099 ), and UK: National Asthma Campaign , British Lung Foundation , Department of Health , South Thames Regional Health Authority ., The ALEC study is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement number 633212. ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. National funders who supported data collection in the original studies are listed in Appendix E4 in this article's Online Repository at www.jaci-inpractice.org . The funders had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication., Commission of the European Communities, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Ageing Lungs European Cohorts ALEC

Julien Fernandes, Emilie Bierque, Dominique Girault, Malia Kainiu, Mathieu Picardeau, Joëlle Vinh, Nicolas Eskenazi, Anthony Douyère, Heike Bähre, Marie-Estelle Soupé-Gilbert, Roman Thibeaux, Cyrille Goarant, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Leptospirose - Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (UREL), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), BioImagerie Photonique – Photonic BioImaging (UTechS PBI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (USR3149 / FRE2032) (SMBP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, This work was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the AXA Research Fund (reference: 15-AXA-PDOC-037). Lastly, we thank the UTechS Photonic BioImaging facility (Imagopole, C2RT, Institut Pasteur) funded by the French National Research Agency (France BioImaging, ANR-10–INSB–04, Investments for the Future programme)., The authors thank Johann Peltier, Nadia Benaroudj, Robert Antony Gaultney, Linda Guentas, Arnaud Tarantola and Catherine Inizan for technical assistance and critical discussions. The authors are indebted to Professor Jean-Marc Ghigo for critical discussions and support at the start of this project. We thank Julien Colot and the Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale at Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret for granting access to their MALDI-TOF facilities. We also thank the CRESICA consortium for granting access to the electron microscopy facilities., ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

M. Cristina L. Martins, André F. Maia, Ricardo Silva-Carvalho, Lia M. Costa, Catarina L. Seabra, Fátima Gärtner, Celso A. Reis, Pedro Oliveira, Inês C. Gonçalves, Susana Junqueira-Neto, Ana Magalhães, Bernardo Antunes, Joana Gomes, Paulo Costa, Eliette Touati, Patrícia C. Henriques, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica [Porto, Portugal] (INEB), Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - institute for molecular and cell biology [Porto, Portugal] (IBMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Pathogenèse de Helicobacter / Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory [Porto], Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Universidade do Porto-Universidade do Porto, This work was financed by PTDC/CTM-BIO/4043/2014 and by Portuguese funds from FCT UID/BIM/04293/2019, UID/Multi/04378/2019, EXPL/CTM-BIO/0762/2013 and by L'OrealPortugal/FCT/UNESCO. Authors wish to thank FCT for Inês C. Gonçalves research position (IF/01479/2015), Patricia C. Henriques PhD grant (SFRH/BD/120154/2016) and Catarina L. Seabra PhD grant (SFRH/BD/89001/2012)., and The authors acknowledge the support of i3S Scientific Platforms, namely the Bioimaging Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Therapies (b.IMAGE), and the BioSciences Screening for the imaging data acquisition using equipment maintained by the platforms, both members of the PPBI (PPBI-POCI-01-0145-feder-022122), and CCGEN and Paula Magalhães, for the help during the PCR analysis.

Saraden In, Rithea Leang, Chanvannak Yun, Rekol Huy, Veasna Duong, Philippe Dussart, Heidi Auerswald, Tey Putita Ou, Rithy Choeung, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), This work was funded by Institut Pasteur du Cambodge. The postdoctoral fellowship of Heidi Auerswald is supported by the Calmette and Yersin Programme of the Institut Pasteur Department of International Affairs., The authors thank Dr Robert Tesh from the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses at the University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston, TX, USA) who kindly provided ZIKV strain FSS13025, Dr Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol from URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie who kindly provided ZIKV strain NC-2014-5132 and CHIKV Caribbean strain LN898093, Dr Mawlouth Diallo from Unité Entomologie Médicale and Dr Oumar Faye, Unité Arbovirus et fièvres hémorragiques virales, Institut Pasteur de Dakar who kindly provided ZIKV strain HD78788, EVAg (European Virus Archive geos global: https://www.european-virus-archive.com/evag-portal) who kingly provided ZIKV strain MRS_OPY_Martinigue_PaRi_2015, and Institut Pasteur Dakar and Institut Pasteur Laos who kindly provided West Nile virus (WNV) strain B956 (Uganda 1937, AY532665) and strain EG101 (Egypt 1951, AF260968) The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Tineke Cantaert for her editorial comments and suggestions.

Juan Pablo Tosar, Alfonso Cayota, Sergio Pantano, Fabiana Gámbaro, Eric Westhof, Leonardo Darré, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (ARN), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (Universidad de la República, Uruguay), Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII, Uruguay), FOCEM (MERCOSUR Structural Convergence Fund) [COF 03/11]. E.W. acknowledges the support of the LABEX ‘ANR-10-LABX-0036_NETRNA’, French Embassy in Uruguay for travel expenses. J.P.T., S.P., L.D. and A.C. are researchers and received funding from PEDECIBA (Uruguay) and/or the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (ANII, Uruguay). L.D. acknowledges ANII and IPMon for funding his post-doctoral fellowship. Funding for open access charge: IPMon intramural funds., The authors want to thank Ricardo Ehrlich, Mónica Marín and Tamara Fernández for fruitful discussions and for supplying yeast tRNAPhe. Agustín Correa, Federico Carrión, Gonzalo Greif and Carlos Robello assisted with SEC, DSC and sequencing, respectively. The authors want to thank members of the following facilities at IPMon: UPR, UBP and UBM. Members of the Enzymology Lab (Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República) assisted with UV-melting experiments, Tosar Rovira, Juan Pablo. Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Investigaciones Nucleares, Gámbaro, Fabiana. Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Darré, Leonardo. Instituto Pasteur (Montevideo), Pantano, Sergio. Instituto Pasteur (Montevideo), and Cayota, Alfonso. Instituto Pasteur (Montevideo)

Emma Partiot, Nilda Vanesa Ayala-Nunez, Jacky G. Goetz, Gautier Follain, Judith R.E. Roels, Anita Eckly, Béatrice Uring-Lambert, Maxime Chazal, Raphael Gaudin, Gillian Hale, Frank M. J. Jacobs, Sandrine Bourdoulous, Orestis Faklaris, Sherif R. Zaki, Aurélie Hirschler, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Margot Carocci, Florian Bakoa, Sarah Cianférani, Christine Carapito, Frédéric Doussau, Brigid C. Bollweg, François Delalande, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Neurosciences, Génomique virale et vaccination, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work has received funding from the French State via the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the program Investissements d’avenir (IdEx Université de Strasbourg) to RG. This work was supported by an ATIP-AVENIR starting grant to RG. The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under REA grant agreement no. PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102, through the PRESTIGE program coordinated by Campus France, and from the French Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS), both attributed to NVAN. Experiments conducted by G.F. and J.G.G. were funded by Plan Cancer (OptoMetaTrap), Ligue contre le Cancer, Idex Attractivités (University of Strasbourg), and by institutional funds from INSERM and University of Strasbourg. G.F. was supported by a doctoral fellowship from Ligue Contre le Cancer. Mass spectrometry experiments were supported by the French Proteomic Infrastructure (ProFI, ANR-10-INBS-08-03). F.B. is a recipient of a PhD grant provided by ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie). N.J. is funded by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-16-CE15-0025-01), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur. CDC contributions to this paper written and edited by G.L.H. and B.C.B. in their private capacity. No official support or endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services is intended, nor should be inferred. All authors read, provided feedback, and approved the paper. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The following reagent was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: HIV-1 NL4-3 AD8 Infectious Molecular Clone (pNL(AD8)) from Dr. Eric O. Freed (cat# 11346)., ANR-16-CE15-0025,Viro-Storm,Mécanismes de production incontrôlée de cytokines au cours de l'infection virale(2016), European Project: 609102,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,PRESTIGE(2014), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EFS-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), jouvenet, nolwenn, Mécanismes de production incontrôlée de cytokines au cours de l'infection virale - - Viro-Storm2016 - ANR-16-CE15-0025 - AAPG2016 - VALID, PRES Towards International Gain of Excellence - PRESTIGE - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2014-09-01 - 2019-08-31 - 609102 - VALID, Equipe Direction scientifique, Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IRCAM-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IRCAM-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Neuro-Immunologie Virale, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion (http://www.u949.inserm.fr/), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France (LSMBO-DSA-IPHC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunorhumathologie moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Molecular Neuroscience (SILS, FNWI)

Violaine Forissier, Marie Winter, Karine Hannebicque, Xuefen Le Bourhis, Samuel Meignan, Amélie Bonnefond, Christophe Ginestier, Mehdi Derhourhi, Ihsan Y El-Sayed, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Marie Denoulet, Manon Macario, François Anquez, Sylvain Julien, Nadège Bidan, Justine Bailleul-Dubois, Chann Lagadec, Yukiko T. Matsunaga, Jérémy Duval, Plasticité Cellulaire et Cancer - U908 (CPAC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut pour la recherche sur le cancer de Lille [Lille] (IRCL), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems [University of Tokyo] (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Université de Lille, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), J.B.D. was supported by a grant fellowship from the ARC and IRCL charities. The authors thank the UMR 8199 LIGAN‐PM Genomics platform (Lille, France), which belongs to the 'Federation de Recherche' 3508 Labex EGID (European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, ANR‐10‐LABX‐46) and was supported by the ANR Equipex 2010 session (ANR‐10‐EQPX‐07‐01, 'LIGAN‐PM'). The LIGAN‐PM Genomics platform (Lille, France) is also supported by the FEDER and the Region Hauts de France. This work was supported by the INCa (French Cancer National Institute), Grant number ARC_INCa_LNCC_8068, by Ligue contre le Cancer—Septentrion comittee, by the SIRIC ONCOLille, by 'Cancer du sein—Parlons‐en!' charity 'Pink Ruban' award, and by GEFLUC charity, The authors thank the Flow Cytometry Core facility of the Bio Imaging Center of Lille (BICeL), which is a shared resource of INSERM/CHRU of Lille, and particularly Nathalie Jouy and Emilie Floquet for their help with the FACS experiments., Plasticité Cellulaire et Cancer (CPAC) - U908 (CPAC), Center Oscar Lambret, CRLCC Oscar Lambret, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), The University of Tokyo-The University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques (EGID), Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Lille-UNICANCER, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M))

Dennis Rubbenstroth, Thomas Briese, Victoria Wahl, Timothy H. Hyndman, Andrew D. Haddow, Sead Sabanadzovic, Arvind Varsani, Rémi N. Charrel, J. Rodney Brister, Mart Krupovic, Scott C. Weaver, Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes, Boris Klempa, A. Desiree LaBeaud, Takahide Sasaya, Jonas Klingström, Norbert Nowotny, Sandra Junglen, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Susan Payne, Martin H. Groschup, Piet Maes, Ralf Dürrwald, Charles F. Fulhorst, Hideki Ebihara, Francisco Murilo Zerbini, Jens H. Kuhn, Mark D. Stenglein, Charles H. Calisher, Nikos Vasilakis, Andrew M. Kropinski, George Fú Gāo, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Columbia University [New York], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Mayo Clinic, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), United States Army (U.S. Army), Murdoch University, Humboldt State University (HSU), Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Guelph, Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Ministry of Health [Brasília, Brazil], Texas A&M University [College Station], Mississippi State University [Mississippi], National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center [Frederick], U.S. Social Security Administration, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), This work was supported by Battelle Memorial Institute’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I (J.H.K.), by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R24 AI120942 (S.C.W and N.V.), and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine (J.R.B.). S.S. acknowledges support from Mississippi State University (MSU)—Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) Strategic Research Initiative grants. This work was also funded in part under ContractNo. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), a federally funded research and development center (V.W.), The authors thank Laura Bollinger, Integrated Research Facility, for critically editing the manuscript. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of Defense or the US Army, of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The US departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV)

Mariette Matondo, Marilyne Davi, And Alexandre Chenal, Dorothée Raoux-Barbot, Daniel Ladant, Darragh P. O'Brien, Thibaut Douché, Sébastien Brier, Sara E. Cannella, Alexis Voegele, Département de Biologie structurale et Chimie - Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie – Mass Spectrometry for Biology (UTechS MSBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), D.P.O. was supported by PasteurInnov2015-197 and PTR451 grants. S.E.C. was supported by a stipend from the Pasteur–Paris University (PPU) International PhD Program. A.V. was supported by a DIM MalInf (infectious diseases) grant from Conseil Régional Ile-de-France. Running costs were supported by Institut Pasteur, PasteurInnov (PIV15-197), PTR grant (PTR451), CNRS, and Fondation Recherche Médicale (FRM DBS20140930771). The authors declare no conflicts of interest., The authors thank Bertrand Raynal and Sébastien Brulé from the Plate-forme de Biophysique Moléculaire (PFBMI) for excellent technical expertise with analytical ultracentrifugation. The authors thank the CACSICE Equipex ANR-11-EQPX-0008, ANR-11-EQPX-0008,CACSICE,Centre d'analyse de systèmes complexes dans les environnements complexes(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Paul F. Horwood, Erik A. Karlsson, Yi-Mo Deng, Andrew R. Greenhill, Annika Suttie, Philippe Dussart, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Federation University [Churchill, Australia], The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-The Royal Melbourne Hospital, James Cook University (JCU), This publication is the result, in part, of work conducted under a cooperative agreement with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), grant number IDSEP140020-01-00 awarded to Dr. Philippe Dussart and Dr. Erik Karlsson. Its contents and conclusions are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of HHS. Annika Suttie is funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship and a Faculty of Science and Technology Research Scholarship from Federation University. The Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza is supported by the Australian Government Department of Health., and The authors would like to thank all of the members of the Influenza Team in the Virology Unit at the Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, as well as at the WHO Collaborating Center and Peter Doherty Institute at the University of Melbourne for their insightful discussions and input.

Tommy Alain, Visnu Chaparro, Tyson E. Graber, Maritza Jaramillo, Louis-Philippe Leroux, Mirtha William, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Children's hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute [Ottawa, canada] (CHEO), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant (422671‐2012) to M.J. M.J. is a recipient of a Bourse de chercheur‐boursier Junior 1 from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé (FRQS) and a Subvention d’établissement de jeune chercheur from the FRQS. V.C. is supported by a PhD scholarship from the Fondation Universitaire Armand Frappier., and The authors are grateful to Dr. Nahum Sonenberg for providing the bone marrow of Eif4ebp1−/−/Eif4ebp2−/− and eIF4ES209A/S209A mice, and Annie Sylvestre and Annik Lafrance for invaluable technical assistance. The authors thank Dr. Ola Larsson and Julie Lorent for nCounter® data analysis. The authors are grateful to thank Drs. Simona Stäger, Krista Heinonen, and Alain Lamarre for flow cytometry antibodies. The authors also thank Dr. Simona Stäger and Jessie Tremblay for technical advice with FACS experiments and data analysis.

Willem van Schaik, Kevin Weiszer, Nicolas Maziers, Hervé M. Blottière, Luis Máiz, Nicolas Pons, Fernando Baquero, S. Dusko Ehrlich, Bruno Fantin, José L. Martínez, Amine Ghozlane, Julien Tap, Malbert R. C. Rogers, Pierre Leonard, Rob J. L. Willems, Anne-Sophie Alvarez, Florence Haimet, Etienne Ruppé, Sara Hernando-Amado, Victoire de Lastours, Alexandre G. de Brevern, Tiphaine Goulenok, Ingrid Wieder, Xinglin Zhang, Antoine Andremont, Trinidad Cuesta, Véronique Léjard, Jean-Michel Batto, Aline Letur, Nawal Amor, Joël Doré, Val F. Lanza, Teresa M. Coque, Florence Levenez, Irene Clares, Sean Kennedy, MetaGenoPolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomics, Centre de Recherche et Innovation Technologique (CITECH), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología [Madrid] (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria [Madrid, Spain] (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal [Madrid], Service de Médecine Interne [AP-HP, CHU Beaujon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [AP-HP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge (BIGR (UMR_S_1134 / U1134)), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université des Antilles (UA)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), King‘s College London, The project was funded in part by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-HEALTH-2011-single-stage) under grant agreement number 282004, EvoTAR. IRYCIS authors acknowledge the European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’ for co-founding the Spanish R&D National Plan 2012–2019 Work (PI15-0512), CIBER (CIBERESP, CB06/02/0053) and the Government of Madrid (InGeMICS- B2017/BMD-3691). V.F.L. was further funded by a Research Award Grant 2016 of the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases., The authors are grateful to the GENOTOUL (Toulouse, France), GENOUEST (Rennes, France), ABIMS (Roscoff, France), MIGALE (Jouy-en-Josas) and TGCC-GENCI (Institut Curie) calculation clusters. The authors also thank B. Perichon (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) for providing ARD sequences from Acinetobacter baumannii, P. Siguier (CNRS, Toulouse, France) for helping the search of insertion sequences with ISfinder, J. Guglielmini (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) for his assistance in finding conjugative elements, S. Volant (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) for the design of the statistical model in SHAMAN, T. Jové (University of Limoges, France) for his assistance in finding integrons, M. Petitjean (IAME Research Center, Paris, France) for her assistance in bioinformatic analyses, and F. Plaza-Oñate and M. Almeida for their help with MSPs., European Project: 282004,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2011-single-stage,EVOTAR(2011), European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Comunidad de Madrid, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kennedy, Sean, Evolution and Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance - EVOTAR - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-10-01 - 2015-09-30 - 282004 - VALID, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biocomputing Unit [Madrid], and Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Paris (UP)

Polidy Pean, Janin Nouhin, Meng Ratana, Yoann Madec, Laurence Borand, Olivier Marcy, Didier Laureillard, Marcelo Fernandez, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Laurence Weiss, Daniel Scott-Algara, Scott, Daniel, Immunologie [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Médecins sans Frontières [Genève] (MSF), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes - Lymphocyte Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by the Association of the Pasteur Institute International Network (Pasteur-Fiocruz 2010) and Pasteur Institute International Network/Dedonder-Clayton award., The authors thank the ANRS (French National Agency for HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Research) as the promoter of CAPRI-NK project (ANRS No. 12153). We thank all the patients who participated in the study and the medical staff of Khmer Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Takeo Referral Hospital in Takeo province, Cambodia, Preah Kossamak Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and Svay Rieng Referal Hospital in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The authors thank to Dr. Erik Karlsson for critically reading and English writing correction of this manuscript., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Brice Louvel, Marie Hechelski, Pierrick Dufrénoy, Alina Ghinet, Christophe Waterlot, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - EA 4515 (LGCgE), IMT Lille Douai, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA), Unité de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Hautes Etudes d’Ingénieur [Lille] (HEI), Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași [Romania], Biotechnologie et Gestion des Agents Pathogènes en agriculture (BioGAP), Institut Charles Viollette (ICV) - EA 7394 (ICV), Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille (Groupe ISA), The authors warmly thank the ‘Fondation de la Catho de Lille, France’ and Yncréa Hauts-de-France for the financial support of this work, The authors warmly thank Dr. Elisabeth Gross for her assistance in the implementation of the protocol on the determination of pigment contents in plants., Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), JUNIA (JUNIA), Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille (ISA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Institut Charles Viollette (ICV) - EA 7394 (ICV), Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille (ISA)-Institut Charles Viollette (ICV) - EA 7394 (ICV), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture