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This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

Platycosides, saponins contained in balloon flower, which have been used as food health supplements for respiratory diseases, have diverse pharmacological effects. Platycosides exhibit better pharmacological activity by hydrolyzing their own sugars. However, to date, there have been no studies on the production of deglucosylated platycodin D suitable for food applications. In this study, Pluszyme 2000P, which was derived from Aspergillus niger, a food-grade microorganism, was used to completely convert platycoside E into deglucosylated platycodin D. For an efficient and economical production of deglucosylated platycodin D, the productivity was improved approximately 2.4 times by application of high hydrostatic pressure and the discarded balloon flower leaf was used as a substrate. As a result, deglucosylated platycodin D was produced with the highest concentration (3.49 mg/mL) and productivity (581.7 mg/L/h) reported so far. Our results contribute to functional saponin production and the related food industries., Platycoside; Pluszyme 2000P; Food additive; Aspergillus niger; Balloon flower; Medicinal herb.

This study investigated the kind of seed dormancy and seed germination of Gentiana&nbsp, triflora var. japonica (Kusn.) H. Hara for developing a seed propagation method. The seeds were collected in October 2020 from plants at Mt. Sobaeksan, Korea. In a water imbibition experiment, seed weights increased by &gt, 101.9% of their initial masses over 12 h. Effects of incubation temperature (5, 15, 20, 25, 15/6, or 25/15 °C), cold stratification period (5 °C, 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks), and gibberellic acid (GA3, 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg∙L−1) and potassium nitrate treatment (KNO3, 0, 1000, 2000, or 4000 mg∙L−1) on seed germination were investigated to characterize seed dormancy. These seeds exhibited underdeveloped embryos during seed dispersal. The seeds failed to reach the final germination of 15.0% after treatment at 5, 15, 20, 25, 15/6, or 25/15 °C. After cold stratification for 8 weeks, the germination increased dramatically by &gt, 90.0% compared to that at 0 weeks. After the GA3 treatment, the germination reached &gt, 80.0% within 5 days. The final germination was 90.0% in the 100 mg∙L−1 GA3 treatment group. However, the KNO3 treatment had no effect on seed germination. Therefore, the G. triflora var. japonica seeds exhibited non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy.

Platycosides, saponins contained in balloon flower, which have been used as food health supplements for respiratory diseases, have diverse pharmacological effects. Platycosides exhibit better pharmacological activity by hydrolyzing their own sugars. However, to date, there have been no studies on the production of deglucosylated platycodin D suitable for food applications. In this study, Pluszyme 2000P, which was derived from Aspergillus niger, a food-grade microorganism, was used to completely convert platycoside E into deglucosylated platycodin D. For an efficient and economical production of deglucosylated platycodin D, the productivity was improved by application of high hydrostatic pressure and the discarded balloon flower leaf was used as a substrate. As a result, deglucosylated platycodin D was produced with the highest concentration and productivity reported so far. Our results contribute to functional saponin production and the related food industries.

At high O2 tensions, as encountered prehistorically, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii elevated levels of NPQ-related proteins and LHCSR3 had an important function in protecting PSI., Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) helps dissipate surplus light energy, preventing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the thylakoid membrane protein LHCSR3 is involved in pH-dependent (qE-type) NPQ, lacking in the npq4 mutant. Preventing PSII repair revealed that npq4 lost PSII activity faster than the wild type (WT) in elevated O2, while no difference between strains was observed in O2-depleted conditions. Low Fv/Fm values remained 1.5 h after moving cells out of high light, and this qH-type quenching was independent of LHCSR3 and not accompanied by losses of maximum PSII activity. Culturing cells in historic O2 atmospheres (30–35%) increased the qE of cells, due to increased LHCSR1 and PsbS levels, and LHCSR3 in the WT, showing that atmospheric O2 tensions regulate qE capacity. Colony growth of npq4 was severely restricted at elevated O2, and npq4 accumulated more reactive electrophile species (RES) than the WT, which could damage PSI. Levels of PsaA (PSI) were lower in npq4 grown at 35% O2, while PsbA (PSII) levels remained stable. We conclude that even at high O2 concentrations, the PSII repair cycle is sufficient to maintain net levels of PSII. However, LHCSR3 has an important function in protecting PSI against O2-mediated damage, such as via RES.

Seedlings of Pterocarpus indicus were grown in both well-watered and drought stress conditions in phytotron. Seedlings grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions were exposed to either combined or without ozone of 200 ppb for one month. First, the physiological responses to elevated ozone levels indicated a decreased biomass. The seedlings grown in arid soil and exposed to ozone showed less biomass than those grown in arid soil but not exposed to ozone. Moreover, all the seedlings except the well-watered and unexposed ones showed a significantly lower photosynthetic rate (PN) over time. However, with the accumulation of ozone injuries, the antioxidant enzyme activities increased overall. In the study results, when exposed to ozone, the well-watered seedlings exhibited more antioxidative enzyme activity than did the seedlings grown in arid soil. Generally, P. indicus in arid soil suffered less damage from elevated ozone than did the well-watered plants.

The present study was conducted to examine the response of Pterocarpus indicus to elevated ozone by comparing the effects between well-watered and soil drought treatments. The ozone concentration was 200 ppb and the exposure was conducted for a month with well-watered and soil drought treatments in chamber environmental conditions. Elevated ozone-induced visible injuries to P. indicus varied among the well-watered environmental conditions, with the appearance of light green chlorosis in the SWO seedlings over time. However, in the SDO seedlings, no difference was visible between drought and drought with ozone treatment. Shriveled leaves were evident because of the water deficiency. Moreover, elevated ozone induced leaf stomata injury and a harsh abaxial surface, whereas drought stress induced less injured stomata because of stomata closing. In addition, the palisade tissues exhibited smaller chloroplasts, damaged thylakoid, increased plastoglobuli, decreased starch grain and thinner cell walls on the upper leaf surface. Thus, the SDO seedlings were less influenced by elevated ozone stress than SWO seedlings due to the reduced ozone absorption which caused by stomata closing to prevent water loss.

Integrating bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) into peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production systems can improve soil structure, and increase peanut yield. A study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 ...

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities in the aerial parts of seven Eragrostis species (Poaceae) and to find antioxidant or neuroprotective compounds from the most active species. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH RSA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and neuroprotective activity against amyloid beta peptide induced toxicity in PC12 cells were measured in the methanol extracts of the aerial parts of E. ferruginea, E. cilianensis, E. minor, E. multicaulis, E. pilosa, E. japonica, and E. curvula collected from June to August 2013. All species showed antioxidant or neuroprotective activities and, among them, E. japonica was the most active species to isolate antioxidant or neuroprotective compounds, because it was found to show both the highest TPC (10.63 ± 0.31 mg/g) and TFC (2.83 ± 0.06 mg/g) values, as well as TAC (11.34 ± 0.80 mg/g) and DPPH RSA (47.07 ± 2.81 µg/mL), with the second-highest neuroprotective value (23.0 µg/mL). Three known compounds were isolated from E. japonica by the bioassay guided approach and these were identified as isoorientin, isovitexin, and caffeic acid that have antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Changes in chemical composition of warm-season perennial grasses during the growing season affect conversion of biomass to biofuels, thus influencing choice of harvest date. The objective was to quantify these changes for three candidate bioenergy grasses in the USA Gulf Coast region during two growing seasons and relate them to optimal harvest management. Grasses included two elephantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum Schum.; synonym Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone] entries, ‘Merkeron’ and breeding line UF1, and the energycane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) cultivar ‘L79-1002’. Quantification of cell wall constituents and mineral composition of above-ground biomass occurred monthly throughout the growing season. With the exception of hemicellulose, elephantgrass cell wall constituents (cellulose, lignin, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) increased from early in the growing season until late summer and either remained relatively constant (UF1) or increased slightly (Merkeron) during the remainder of the season. In contrast, concentrations of energycane cell wall constituents peaked in late summer and decreased during the remainder of the growing season. Nitrogen, P, and ash concentrations decreased with increasing maturity for all grass entries, and they were much greater in leaf than in stem. Elephantgrass leaf, particularly of UF1, contributed less to total biomass harvested than energycane leaf. Likewise, the proportion of total ash harvested that was in the leaf fraction was greater for energycane than for elephantgrass when harvest occurred late in the growing season. Thus, delayed harvest until late in the season was generally a superior management strategy for elephantgass because it resulted in biomass with greater cell wall constituent concentrations, lesser leaf percentage, and lesser concentrations of N and ash, all of which may provide advantages in some conversion processes. In contrast, greater accumulation of extractives by energycane and greater lignin concentration in elephantgrasses late in the growing season may reduce efficiency of some conversion methods.

Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara is a highly valued medicinal plant that is used to treat or prevent bronchitis, cough, cancer, and obesity. However, there has been no study on the production of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seedlings in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). This study was conducted to examine the growth characteristics of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seedlings as affected by different growing media. The seeds were sown on a 128-cell plug tray filled with urethane sponges (US), LC grow foam (LC), rockwool (RW), or terra-plugs (TP). The seedlings were cultured for a duration of 54 days under temperature 25 &plusmn, 1&deg, C, a photoperiod of 12/12 h (light/dark), and light intensity of 180 &micro, mol&middot, m&minus, 2&middot, s&minus, 1 photosynthetic photon flux density provided by RB LEDs (red:blue = 8:2) in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). The germination rate of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara was significantly highest in the TP. Also, seedling shoot growth indicators of plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) of the shoot, and leaf area were markedly the greatest in the TP and the lowest in the US. The SPAD (soil-plant analysis development) value was higher in the TP and US than in the LC or RW. In addition, the seedling root growth characteristics of total root length, root surface area, root volume, and number of root tips were significantly greatest in the TP. Moreover, the maximum root diameter, FW and DW of roots were the greatest in the TP. In conclusion, the results suggest that TP are viable for the growth development of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seedlings.

The equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) in seeds of four Echinochloa (E. crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. crus-galli var, echinata, E. crus-galli var. praticola, E. esculenta) were measured at 20oC with equilibration over a series of lithium chloride solutions with relative humidities ranging from 0.11 to 0.8 to determine sorption isotherms and safe storage relative humidity. Standard seed sorption isotherm models i.e. modified Henderson, modified Chung-Pfost, modified Halsey, modified Oswin and Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB) equations were adopted to evaluate the goodness of fit to sorption isotherms. This study indicated that EMC of seeds was significantly different in four Echinochloa species at various relative humidity. The modified Oswin equations for E. crus-galli var. crou-galli, E. crus-galli var, echinata, E. esculenta and GAB equation for E. crus-galli var. praticola were adequate models for the EMC data. Seeds of four Echinochloa species have monolayer moisture contents when stored at RH < 0.1. These results show that seed moisture isotherm model should be selected according to genetic variation.

The effects of chronic gamma ray irradiation on Brachypodium distachyon were investigated to lignocellulose composition and enzymatic hydrolysis. Four-week-old plants of B. distachyon were exposed to gamma-ray irradiation at doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 Gy. Gamma-ray irradiation negatively influenced biomass related morphology including plant height and cell size; however, it increased tiller number and internode diameter. SEM image analysis showed that the cell size of 300-Gy gamma irradiated plants was 45 % lower than that of the control. Destroyed regions on the cell wall surface were observed according to the dose of radiation. Cell wall yield, lignin content, and neutral sugar content were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Glucose yield via enzymatic hydrolysis was positively correlated with radiation dose. In addition, 250-Gy and 300-Gy irradiated plants showed significantly better saccharification efficiency than non-irradiated controls. Initial glucose yields from 250-Gy- and 300-Gy-irradiated plants were 121.5 and 139.4 % of yields from non-irradiated controls, and final yields were 184.7 and 213.7 % of control yields, respectively. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of lignin pathway-related genes showed increase of F5H, COMT, and CAD expression in 250-Gy- and 300-Gy-irradiated Brachypodium plants. Chemical composition analysis further verified that chronic gamma ray irradiation degraded lignocellulose as a pretreatment.

International audience; The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an unavoidable part of photosynthesis. Stress that accompanies high light levels and low CO2 availability putatively includes enhanced ROS production in the so-called Mehler reaction. Such conditions are thought to encourage O2 to become an electron acceptor at photosystem I, producing the ROS superoxide anion radical (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). In contrast, here it is shown in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that CO2 depletion under high light levels lowered cellular H2 O2 production, and that elevated CO2 levels increased H2 O2 production. Using various photosynthetic and mitochondrial mutants of C. reinhardtii, the chloroplast was identified as the main source of elevated H2 O2 production under high CO2 availability. High light levels under low CO2 availability induced photoprotective mechanisms called non-photochemical quenching, or NPQ, including state transitions (qT) and high energy state quenching (qE). The qE-deficient mutant npq4 produced more H2 O2 than wild-type cells under high light levels, although less so under high CO2 availability, whereas it demonstrated equal or greater enzymatic H2 O2 -degrading capacity. The qT-deficient mutant stt7-9 produced the same H2 O2 as wild-type cells under high CO2 availability. Physiological levels of H2 O2 were able to hinder qT and the induction of state 2, providing an explanation for why under high light levels and high CO2 availability wild-type cells behaved like stt7-9 cells stuck in state 1.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the distribution pattern of weeds on upland crop field in northern Gyeonggi-do. The weeds were summarized as 201 taxa including 42 families, 129 genera, 178 species, 1 subspecies, 21 varieties and 1 form. One hundred and thirty one species were classified to annual plants, accounting for 65.1% and 70 species were classified to perennials, accounting for the rest of 34.9%. Compositae was dominant family (21%), followed by Gramineae (12%), Polygonaceae (7%) and Brassicaceae (5%). Among the weeds appearing in the fields of northern Gyeonggi-do, the invasive weeds were classified to 62 species in18 families. The most dominant weed species in the fields were Portulaca oleracea, followed by Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus lividus. Detrended correspondence analysis for investigation of occurrence pattern of weeds by crops revealed the occurrence pattern of weed species in adlay field were different from those in other crop fields. This information could be useful for establishment of weed control methods in northern Gyeonggi-do.

Photosynthetic organisms have to tolerate rapid changes in light intensity, which is facilitated by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and involves modification of energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes (LHC) to the photosystem reaction centres. NPQ includes dissipating excess light energy to heat (qE) and the reversible coupling of LHCII to photosystems (state transitions/qT), which are considered separate NPQ mechanisms. In the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the LHCSR3 protein has a well characterised role in qE. Here, it is shown in the npq4 mutant, deficient in LHCSR3, that energy coupling to photosystem II (PSII) more akin to qT is also disrupted, but no major differences in LHC phosphorylation or LHC compositions were found in comparison to wild-type cells. The qT of wild-type cells possessed two kinetically distinguishable phases, with LHCSR3 participating in the more rapid (2O2, which accelerated qE induction, revealing a way that may help C. reinhardtii tolerate a sudden increase in light intensity. Overall, a clear mechanistic overlap between qE and qT is shown.

Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and energycane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrid) are perennial C4 grasses with potential for use as bioenergy feedstocks. Their biomass production has been quantified, but differences in plant morphology and the relationship of morphology with biomass harvested and plant persistence are not well understood. The objective was to quantify monthly changes in morphological characteristics of elephantgrass (cv. Merkeron and breeding line UF1) and energycane (cv. L 79-1002) and relate these changes to biomass accumulation and plant responses to defoliation. All were evaluated monthly during full-season growth or when defoliated once in mid-season. Merkeron and UF1 elephantgrass generally showed similar morphological characteristics. Relative to energycane, elephantgrass had fewer tillers early in the growing season, less seasonal variation in tiller number, greater tiller mass and maximum leaf area index (LAI), and earlier spring development of LAI. Energycane showed slower leaf area development in spring, lower maximum LAI, and shorter period of increasing tiller mass and canopy height during the growing season relative to UF1. Elephantgrass had greater incidence of lodging than energycane when exposed to high wind, likely due to greater elephantgrass tiller mass. Morphological characteristics of tall-growing bioenergy grasses help to explain differences among them in biomass production and plant persistence responses to defoliation.

Harvest management practices affect productivity and persistence of grasses grown for bioenergy, but data are limited that describe their effects on the tall-growing grasses adapted to the USA Gulf Coast region. The objective was to determine harvest frequency and timing effects on biomass yield, nutrient removal, and persistence of three perennial bioenergy grasses in the southeastern USA. The experiment was conducted from 2010 through 2012. Harvest management treatments were two harvests per year (2X; July and November), one harvest per year in early November (fall), and one harvest per year after first freeze (winter). Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cv. Merkeron and breeding line UF1 and energycane (Saccharum spp.) cv. L 79-1002 were compared. Three-year average biomass harvested was greatest for UF1 followed by Merkeron and L 79-1002 (27.8, 24.6, and 21.1 Mg ha−1year−1, respectively). Biomass harvested was not affected by harvest management in 2010 and 2011, but in 2012, the 2X treatment yielded 47 % less than winter. Biomass dry matter (DM) concentration for single harvest treatments was greater than 2X (34 vs. 25 %), but the 2X treatment removed two times more N and P in harvested biomass than fall or winter. For these grasses, fall and winter single harvest treatments were superior to 2X due to greater third year biomass yield, less nutrient removal, and harvested biomass had a greater DM concentration that may be advantageous for postharvest transport and processing.

Disagreement among the various publications providing lists of Korean endemic plants makes confusion inevitable. We summarized the six previous reports providing comprehensive lists of endemic plants in Korea: 407 taxa in Lee (1982), 570 taxa in Paik (1994), 759 taxa in Kim (2004), 328 taxa in Korea National Arboretum (2005), 515 taxa in the Ministry of Environment (2005) and 289 taxa in Flora of Korea Editorial Committee (2007). The total number of endemic plants described in the previous reports was 970 taxa, including 89 families, 302 genera, 496 species, 3 subspecies, 218 varieties, and 253 formae. Endemic plants listed four times or more were collected to compare the data in terms of scientific names and synonyms (339 taxa in 59 families and 155 genera). If the varieties and formae were excluded, the resulting number of endemic plants was 252 taxa for the 339 purported taxa analyzed. Seven of the 155 genera analyzed were Korean endemic genera. Among the 339 taxa, the same scientific names were used in the original publications for 256 taxa (76%), while different scientific names were used for 83 taxa (24%). The four largest families were Compositae (42 taxa, 12.4%), Ranunculaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%), Rosaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%), and Scrophulariaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%). Saussurea (Compositae) had the highest number of taxa within one genus (17 taxa; 5% of total endemic taxa).

We isolated 10 endophytic fungi from the roots of drought stressed soybean cultivar Hwangkeumkong and bioassayed on waito-c rice and soybean seedlings, in order to identify plant growth-promoting fungi. The fungal isolate D-2-1 provided the best result for plant height and biomass promotion as compared to wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. The D-2-1 culture filtrate (CF) was analyzed for the presence of gibberellins (GAs) and it was observed that all physiologically active GAs, especially gibberellic acid, were present in higher amounts (GA1, 0.24 ng/ml; GA3, 8.99 ng/ml; GA4, 2.58 ng/ml and GA7, 1.39 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive GA5, GA9, GA15, GA19, and GA24. The fungal isolate D-2-1 was identified as a new strain of Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium through phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence. Plant growth promotion and GAs production capacity of genus Chrysosporium have been reported for the first time in this study.

We isolated 864 bacteria from 553 soil samples and bioassayed them on cucumber and crown daisy for plant growth promotion. A new bacterial strain, Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP gave maximum growth promotion and was selected for further investigations. The culture filtrate of this bacterium was thus analyzed for the presence of gibberellins and we found physiologically active gibberellins were found (GA(1), 0.23 ng/100 ml; GA(3), 5.11 ng/100 ml and GA(4), 2.65 ng/100 ml) along with physiologically inactive GA(9), GA(12), GA(15), GA(20), and GA(24). The bacterial isolate also solubilised tricalcium phosphate and lowered the pH of the medium during the process. The isolate was identified as a new strain of Burkholderia through phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Gibberellin production capacity of genus Burkholderia is reported for the first time in current study.

Endophytic fungi are plant symbionts that produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and protection against herbivory and pathogens. Fourteen fungal samples were isolated from the roots of soybean cultivar Daemangkong and screened on waito-c rice for their plant growth-promoting capacity. Twelve of the fungal isolates promoted plant growth, while two inhibited it. The fungal isolate DK-1-1 induced maximum plant growth in both waito-c rice and soybean. The plant growth promotion capacity of DK-1-1 was higher than the wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. Gibberellin (GA) analysis of culture filtrate of DK-1-1 showed the presence of higher amounts of bioactive GA3, GA4, and GA7 (6.62, 2.1 and 1.26 ng/mL, respectively) along with physiologically inactive GA5, GA15, GA19, and GA24. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence identified the fungal isolate as a new strain of Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Gibberellin production and plant growth-promoting ability of genus Cladosporium are reported for the first time in the present study.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria with gibberellins (GA)-producing potential were isolated from soil and screened for plant growth promotion. A new strain, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus SE370, produced extracellular GA and also had phosphate solubilising potential. It produced 10 different gibberellins, including the bioactive GA(1), GA(3) and GA(4) which were at, respectively, 0.45, 6.2 and 2.8 ng/100 ml. The isolate solubilised tricalcium phosphate and lowered pH of the medium during the process. Culture filtrates of the organism after growth on broth promoted growth of cucumber, Chinese cabbage and crown daisy.

► Seven flavonol glycosides were isolated from Sicyos angulatus. ► All flavonols were identified as 3,7-O-glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. ► These flavonoids were first time isolated from the genus Sicyos. ► These flavonoids showed differences with other genera of same tribe the Sicyeae. ► Four of the seven flavonoids have various biological activities.