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There is nearly no production of legume seedlings rich in protein, aminoacids, crude fiber, micro- and macro-elements, bioactive agents as well as the derived balanced foodstuffs in Belarus. Due to this fact, the local market is dominated by the imported premium price commodities. The purpose of the research is to develop optimal temperature and humidity conditions for germinating seeds of mung bean, chickpea and soybeans, obtaining high-protein concentrates and assessing their consumer properties. Mathematical modeling experiments have enabled to optimize temperature and humidity parameters of scarcely studied seed germination process of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) organoleptic, physicochemical, biochemical characteristics, and microbiology safety of sprouts were evaluated. Laboratory resource-saving technology of producing protein enriched concentrates from legume grain feedstock has been developed, and it may lay the basis for large-scale manufacture thereof. Germinated seed concentrates of mung bean, 502 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 501–512 chickpea and soybean are likely to be in sharp demand as ingredients of novel healthy nutrition recipes and natural cosmetic formulas intended to enlarge the range of offered commercial products. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out as part of the state program of scientific research “Biotechnologies” (2016-2020), subprogram “Microbial biotechnology”

In the present study, the effects of fermentation, roasting, boiling, and boiling with potash on the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of unsprouted mung bean seed was investigated. Mung bean (Vigna radiata), an underutilized bean was subjected to different processing methods such as boiling, boiling with potash, roasting, and fermentation. Chemical properties such as proximate, mineral, amino acid, and anti-nutrient analyses were done. A total of seventeen amino acids were assayed in mung bean subjected to different processing methods. The ordinary boiling method had the most significant (P0.005) in the glutamic acid content of mung bean subjected to different processing methods. Fermentation slightly increased the protein content from 25.45 to 25.70%, while the roasted sample had the lowest protein content of 22.15%. There was a fluctuation in the mineral content of processed mung bean. Roasting significantly increased the antinutritional (tannin) content from 0.057 to 0.094 mg/g, while saponin was reduced significantly from 35.73 to 6.67 mg/g. This study has shown that mung bean is on average high in protein content which can serve as a good supplement for dietary protein. Moreover, fermentation and boiling methods may better enhance the nutritional composition of mung bean in terms of retention of protein and reduction of antinutritional factors.

This study aims to determine the effect of water application intervals and the type of drum fertilizer on the growth and yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), This research was conducted in the greenhouse of Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Trunojoyo University, Madura. The research design used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of 2 factors, factor I, the water supply interval consisted of four levels, namely A1 (1 once a day), A2 (2 once a day), A3 (3 once a day), A4 (4 days). very). Factor II type of manure consists of two levels, namely P1 (cow manure) and P2 (goat manure). The results showed that the water treatment interval had a significant effect on plant height parameters at all ages of observation and leaf number parameters at 27 and 39 DAP. The highest value was obtained by treatment A1. Treatment The type of manure only had a significant effect on the number of leaves at 39 DAP. There was an interaction between the treatment interval of water application and the type of manure on the parameters of wet weight, dry weight, number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant and the best treatment was P1A4.

This study aimed to isolate and identify Macrophomina phaseolina fungus which was the causal aget of Charcol rot disease on mung bean (Vigna radita Wilczek L) from Elgadisia Governorate in order to isolate, diagnose, and evaluate efficacy of biological control fungal agents isolalated from the rhizosphere of the host plant. The biocontrol agents T. koningii, C. globosum and A. carbonarius were effective in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Two isolates of M. phaseolina fungal pathogen were identified in most samples of infected mung bean. Pathogenicity tests showed the ability of M. phaseolina to attack the seeds and cause seed rot. Isolates 1 and 2 of the fungal pathogen reduced the seed germination rate to 71.56 and 63.75%, respectively, compared with 86.66% for the control. The results obtained indicated the presence of a significant difference between the two isolates in inducing seedlings damping-off which reached 40% and 30%, respectively, compared with 0% for the control. The disease severity of isolate 1 reached 75.3% and that of isolate 2 reached 63.6%. The inhibitory effect of the fungal antagonists T. koningii and C. globosum varied. A. carbonarius demonstrated level 3 of inhibition to the pathogenic fungus M. phaseolina, whereas C. globosum and T. koningii demostrated inhibitory levels of 2 and 1, respectively. Results obtained also indicated that treatments with antagonistic fungi T. koningii, C. globosum and A. carbonarius increased the growth parameters of the mung bean plant. The antagonistic fungus C. globosum increased the plant height, root fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content compared with the control. Furthermore, the results showed that treatment with T. koningii increased the mung bean seed germination rate to 100% and decreased disease severity of mung bean charcoal rot disease to 45.88% as compared to 89.86% severity for the contol. Likewise, the other antagonistic fungi A. carbonarius and C. globosum also increased the mung bean seed germination , and decreased mung bean charcoal rot disease severity. Keywords : Charcoal rot disease, mung bean, Macrophomina phaseolina, T. koningii, C. globosum, A. carbonarius.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a leguminous crop with a tremendous potential in achieving food and nutritional security in Ethiopia in future. In addition, mung bean plays a major role in improving soil nitrogen content through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, thus reducing the dependance on synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers. However, its productivity is limited by inadequate plant population and NPS fertilizer rate in the study area. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the optimum plant population and NPS fertilizer rates for mung bean borda variety in Bako. The experiment comprised of factorial combinations of four different plant populations (500000, 571429, 666667, and 800000 plants ha-1) and five NPS fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and it was laid out using Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Results indicated that main effect of plant population and NPS fertilizer rates had significant effect on phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean, except stand count, above-ground biomass, straw and seed yield, which were affected by the main factors and their interactions. Highest nodule dry weight per plant (0.14g), number of pods per plant (4.74 g), weight of seeds per pod (10.26 g), 100-seed weight (3.61g), and harvest index (31.16%) were observed under minimum plant population (500,000 plants ha-1). Moreover, effective nodules per plant (2.28), nodule fresh weight (0.33 gm), nodule dry weight (0.141g plant-1), number of pods per plant (4.79), seeds per pod (10.78 g), 100-seed weight (3.73 g) and harvest index (32.98%) were observed under 200 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer rate. Highest stand count per hectare (780,667 plants ha−1), above-ground biomass (4,947kg ha-1), seed yield ha-1 (1,371kg ha-1) and straw yield (3,575 kg ha-1) were recorded at higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) with 200kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate. However, higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) at the rate of 100 kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer produced1, 325 kg ha-1seed yield which was the highest net benefit (50,080 TB) and marginal rate of returns (5,610.8%). Therefore, application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population of 800,000 plants ha-1 can be recommended for mung bean production in the study area and similar agro-ecologies. However, the current study was carried out only in one location for one cropping season, hence further studies over many seasons and across several locations are needed to have a conclusive recommendation for wide range of agro-ecologies for mung bean production.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a pulse crop with multiple uses and it was introduced recently in the study area. However, its productivity is limited by inadequate plant population and NPS fertilizer rate in the study area. Hence, this study was carried out to determine optimum plant population and NPS fertilizer rates for mung bean borda varaity in Bako, Western Ethiopia. The experiment comprised of factorial combinations of four different plant populations (500000, 571429, 666667, and 800000 plants ha-1) and five NPS fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and it was laid out using Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The results indicated that main effect of plant population and NPS fertilizer rates had significant effect on phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean, except stand count, above-ground biomass, straw and seed yield, which were affected by the main factors and their interactions. Highest nodule dry weight per plant (0.14g), number of pods per plant (4.74g), seeds per pod (10.26g), 100-seed weight (3.61g), and harvest index (31.16%) were observed under minimum plant population (500,000 plants ha-1). Moreover, the highest days for 50% flowering (49.08 days), 90% physiological maturity (64.5 days), effective nodules per plant (2.28),nodule fresh weight (0.33gm), nodule dry weight (0.141g plant-1),plant height (11.10cm), number of leaves per plant (8.80), number of branches per plant (3.11), tap root length (8.99cm), number of pods per plant (4.79), seeds per pod (10.78g), 100-seed weight (3.73) and harvest index (32.98%) were observed under 200 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer. The highest stand count per hectare (780,667 plants ha−1), above-ground biomass (4,947kg ha-1), seed yield ha-1 (1,371kg ha-1) and straw yield (3,575 kg ha-1) were recorded at higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) with 200kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate (kg ha-1). However, higher plant population (800,000 plants ha-1) at the rate of 100 kg NPS ha-1fertilizer produced 1,325 kg ha-1seed yield which was the highest net benefit (50,080 ETB) and marginal rate of returns (5,610.8%). Therefore, application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population of 800,000 plants ha-1 can be recommended for mung bean production in the study area and similar agro-ecologes. However, the current study was carried out only in one location for one cropping season, hence further studies over many seasons and across several locations are needed to have a conclusive recommendation for wide range of agro ecologies for mung bean production.

An emerging soilborne disease resembling Phytophthora stem rot was observed on mung bean plants grown in Anhui, China. To identify the causal agent, diseased plants and soil samples from 13 fields were collected to isolate the pathogen. Twenty-two Phytophthora isolates were recovered from the samples and detailed identification was conducted. Based on morphological and molecular characterizations, all of the isolates were consistently identified as P. vignae. Phylogenetic analysis using eight nuclear loci sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, rRNA gene large subunit, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, translation elongation factor 1α, 60S ribosomal protein L10, the enolase gene, heat shock protein 90, and triose phosphate isomerase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and a mitochondrial locus cytochrome c oxidase subunit I revealed that the mung bean isolates grouped in the same clade as P. vignae and its two formae speciales, P. vignae f. sp. adzukicola and P. vignae f. sp. vignae. A host specificity test showed that the mung bean isolates of P. vignae were pathogenic toward mung bean with a much stronger virulence and toward adzuki bean with a relatively weak virulence, but they were nonpathogenic to the other tested legume crops, including soybean, cowpea, pea, common bean, faba bean, and chickpea. The host range of mung bean isolates significantly differs from those of P. vignae f. sp. adzukicola and P. vignae f. sp. vignae based on our results and on previous studies. Thus, the pathogen causing Phytophthora stem rot of mung bean is proposed as a new forma specialis of P. vignae, designated as P. vignae f. sp. mungcola.

Sausage is a food ingredient that comes from pieces of meat that are ground and seasoned, and put into a casing so that it is oval in shape. One type of meat that can be processed into sausage is rabbit meat. This study aims to determine the effect of the level of substitution of mung bean flour on the organoleptic value and the number of bacteria in rabbit meat sausage. The research materials used were 3000 g rabbit meat, mung bean flour, skim milk, and a severala of spices. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, namely the addition of 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% mung bean flour, with 4 replications. The results showed that the level of substitution of mung bean flour had a significant effect (P0.05) on the aroma and number of bacteria. The addition of 15% mung bean flour gave the best organoleptic values, namely: Color 5.28 (light), aroma 5.31 (good), taste 5.95 (tasty), texture 5.99 (soft) with a bacterial count of 2.00 x 103 cfu/g, which is below the standard for bacterial contamination of sausages set by SNI 1995, which is 1x 103 cfu/g.

Noodles are popular carbohydrate-rich food products generally made from wheat flour. This study developed a new type of noodle out of local resources namely sorghum flour, mung bean, and sago starch with the following formula variations: F1 (20:30:50), F2 (30:30:40), F3 (40:30: 30), F4 (50:30:20) and F5 (60:30:10). The nutritional and functional property of each formula then analysed. All formulas fulfilled the daily dietary intake recommendations, which contain approximately 9.64-11.83% protein, 0.17-0.33% fat, 86.76-88.74% carbohydrate, with total calories of 397-399 kcal/100 g. F1 has the highest dietary fibre content (13.16%), with 4.2% soluble dietary fibre (SDF) and 9.48% insoluble dietary fibre (IDF). The resistant starch content of all formulas was relatively high, between 16.35-21.57%. Based on the results of this study, sorghum flour, mung bean and sago starch flour-based noodles can be a good source of daily nutrition which also include functional compounds such as dietary fibre and resistant starch.

Background: Seeds of Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek) have been recognized as a 'Green pearl' of Asian cuisine due to abundance of dietary fibres, protein, minerals,vitamins and wide variety of bioactive agents. Methods: Literature has been collected through SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and a library. This review shares updated information on the botany, distribution, health benefits, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Mung bean seeds. Results: Bioactive components of mung bean seeds exhibited a wide array of activities such as anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, treatment of alcoholism, reducing obesity, increasing muscular strength, rheumatism, piles, liver and neurological diseases. This curative potential highlighted its various beneficial outcomes in the field of drug research and increasing scientific interest in the identification of bioactive compounds responsible for various pharmacological activities. This legume is gaining importance for its use in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic products. Conclusion: Existing literature authenticates the potential benefits of mung bean seeds from nutritional as well as medicinal perspective. This food grain needs to be explored for identification, isolation, and characterization of bioactive compounds against varied ailments.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. (R) Wilczek) is considered to have a potential for introduction under climatic conditions of the Middle Volga. Since root rot agents are present both in soil and on the surface of seeds, there is a risk of crop infection with this disease. The purpose of the study was a theoretical and practical substantiation of the use of fungicide treatment of seeds as part of protective measures during the cultivation of this crop. The study was arranged in 2018–2020. During the observation period, the level of root rot infection in plants grown from treated seeds reduced by 0.34–0.44 points compared to the control. Moreover, the height of the Saltan and Gvidon varieties increased by 2.2–10.9 and 6.0–7.4 cm, respectively, and the height of a bottom pod attachment increased up to 7.4 cm. The treatment of seeds of the Saltan and Gvidon varieties provided an increase in the number of pods per plant by 0.3–4.5 (7.5–59.7%) and 1.6–4.3 (14.5–110.4%), respectively; the number of seeds per pod increased by 2.3 (32.9%) and 2.5 (32.9%), respectively. During the observation period, the seed formation efficiency in plants grown from treated seeds exceeded that in the control by 3–7%. A combination of these changes provided an increase in the plant productivity and a formation of a more productive agrocoenosis.

This study was aimed to obtain yogurt formula rich in antioxidant phenolic and soluble protein of mung beans. Mung beans were washed, soaked, and then drained. With a ratio of 1:8, mung-beans and water, blended, and then filtered to produce mung beans juice. Mung beans yogurt (Mungbe-Yo) were made with the proportion of mung bean juice and skim milk were 100:0; 95:5; 90:10, and 85:15, before added with sugar as much as 10%, pasteurized in a 70°C temperature for 20 mins. After that, each Mungbe-Yo formula was cooled to 45°C, then added lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a starter, as much as 2% and 4%, followed by incubation at room temperature for 24 hrs. Sensory tests included color, taste, flavor, and viscosity were performed by fifty-five panelists on a 5-point score basis. Antioxidant phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while soluble protein was using the Lowry method. The highest score and most likable color, flavor, viscosity, and taste by panelists were formula P3B2, it was not different significantly with P3B1, P2B1, P2B2, and P1B2 (p>0.05). The proportion of mung bean juice-skim milk and LAB significantly affected the total phenolic and soluble protein (P

Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek commonly known as Mung bean is one of the most important pulse crops, grown from tropical to sub-tropical areas around the world. Mung bean is reported to help in preventing the loss of nails and hairs, and also reduces the risk of hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease and decreases the absorption of toxic substances. Flavonoids and phenols are reported from this plant. Antioxidant, antidiabetic and hypocholestrolemic activities are also shown by Vigna radiata.

The research was carried out as a pot in an open field (June 16 - July 24) at Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture experiments area in 2020. In the study, Partow variety as a large seed, 70 E 07 genotype as a medium size and 70 S 07 genotype as a small seed were used as seed material. According to the seed sizes (large, medium and small), the mung beans were planted in 2, 4 and 6 cm depths with 25 seeds in each pot. It is consisted of potting soil, field soil and peat (3:1) and the research was established to completely randomized plot design with three replications. In the study, germination (germination rate, germination index, mean germination time) and seedling characteristics (seedling and root length, seedling and root dry weight, above ground dry weight/total dry weight ratio) were examined. According to obtained data; while small and medium seeds characteristics germination ratio and index, root length with above ground dry weight/total dry weight ratio (medium), root dry weight and above ground dry weight (small) characteristics; large seeds have superior in mean germination time with seedling lentgh. In terms of seed depth, When germination and seedling characteristics examined, 2 and 4 cm seed depth obtained values were maximum. As a result, germination and seedling characteristics of mung bean seeds with different grain sizes were affected by planting depths. In mung bean cultivation, it has been determined that if seeds of different sizes are sown at a depth of 2-4 cm and in terms of germination and seedling growth characteristics, superior plants can be obtained.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the availability of quinoa, chia, teff, mung bean, and buckwheat as an alternative feed in ruminant nutrition.Material and Methods: The materials were composed of quinoa (white, black, red), chia (white, black), teff, mung beans and buckwheat, which have passed their shelf life due to tear or damage in their package. Fatty acid components as well as enzyme soluble organic matter (ESOM) under in vitro conditions were also determined in addition to crude nutrient contents. Metabolic energy (ME), using the obtained data, was also calculated.Results: It was found out that the crude protein (CP) contents were 14.04-15.38% in quinoa, 19.90-21.73% in chia, 11.98% in teff, 25.20% in mung bean, and 13.72% in buckwheat. Ether extract (EE) contents; however, were found out to be 7.13-7.97%, 30.84-35.75%, 2.46, % 3.48%, and 5.25%. The highest amount of linoleic acid was found in chia (60.71-66.17%). ESOM contents was determined at high level in white quinoa, mung bean, and buckwheat. However, in vitro ME contents were found at the highest level in chia.Conclusion: Quinoa has the potential to be an alternative to traditional cereals during early lactation period in ruminant animals, in which energy need is at its highest level, or as a source of energy in fattening period. Chia has a high potential to be effective in preventing heat stress, especially in dairy cattle. The high linolenic acid content of chia oil may allow the milk fat to be enriched by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), one of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been determined that teff and buckwheat can be alternatives to other cereals, whereas mung bean, due to its crude protein being high and being rich in minerals is a significant alternative for feed producers who have been in search of new sources of protein recently.

Spatial and temporal distribution of roots of mung bean and soybean originated from different geographical backgrounds is an important scientific issue. The aim of this study was to research the spatial and temporal distribution of roots system of soybean cultivar ‘Hefeng55’ and mung bean cultivar ‘Jilv7’ which can elucidate differences between soybean roots and mung bean roots in the key spatial and temporal locations. The roots at V6, R2, R4, R5, R6, and R7 stages were collected to acquire data of root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight. 49.8%, 11.7%, 13.2%, 14.7% and 10.6% of soybean roots and 57.8%, 10.7%, 11.2%, 11.9% and 8.4% of mung bean roots were in 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 cm horizontal soil layers, respectively; 79.2%, 11.5%, 4.3%, 1.8%, 1.1%, 1.0% and 1.1% of soybean roots and 70.0%, 12.3%, 8.0%, 3.0%, 1.6%, 1.7% and 3.4% of mung bean roots were in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-120 and 120-140 cm vertical soil layers, respectively. Compared with mung bean, soybean had a much larger root system during development. In horizontal direction, soybean root tended to be more laterally developed, but the distribution of mung bean root was more uniform in vertical direction. With a greater root surface area to weight ratio (AWR), mung bean had a finer root system than soybean. These findings can help to clarify the four-dimensional spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of legumes and may provide reference for production practice of soybean and mung bean in the future.

Leaf area index (LAI) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) are important ecophysiological characteristics for the realization of crop growth, development, and radiation absorption. A factorial field ...

Drought is one of the most critical environmental stressors affecting agricultural productivity around the world and it considerably results in yield. Symbiosis interaction between plants and soil micro-organisms are considered to enhance plant tolerance in a/biotic conditions. In this study, the impact of Glomus mosseae, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 169 and both of them under imposed water stress (flowering and pod filling stages) of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) was evaluated in two farm experiments during 2016 and 2017. Eco-physiological parameters have been recorded which showed that drought stress reduced the number of leaves, root colonization and seeds yield of mung bean. Mixed inoculation of G.mosseae and P.fluorescens 169 was more effective in alleviation the harm effects of drought stress. Enzymes assay suggested that co-inoculation of G.mosseae and P.fluorescens 169 was more effective to increase antioxidative defense system like catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. H2O2 contents were increased by water stress both in cutting irrigation at flowering and pod filling stages. In conclusion, plants inoculated with combination of G.mosseae and P.fluorescens 169 had less oxidative damage over control plants.

[GROWTH AND YIELD OF FOUR VARIETIES OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata L.) IN INTERCROPPING SYSTEM WITH VARIOUS CORN PLANT SPACING]. Efforts to increase the productivity of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) can be done by implementing an intercropping system and using superior varieties. Corn plants need high nitrogen and mung bean plants can fix nitrogen from the free air so that corn plants can take advantage of the excess nitrogen from mung beans. The purpose of this study was to determine the best mung bean varieties in the intercropping system with a various spacing of maize. The research was conducted in October-December 2018, in Pematang Gubernur village, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu. The experiment in this study used a split-plot design with the main plot spacing of maize that was 60 cm x 30 cm, 90 cm x 30 cm, 120 cm x 30 cm, subplots were mung bean varieties (Vima-1, Vima- 2, Vima-3, and Kutilang) with 3 repetitions. Repeated 3 times, then 36 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that the four varieties of mung beans planted intercropping with a various spacing of maize showed different yield responses. Varieties of Vima-1 and Vima-3 gave the highest seed yields at a maize spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm. The Vima-2 variety was at a spacing of 90 cm x 30 cm, while the Kutilang variety was at 120 cm x 30 cm spacing. The four mung bean varieties were suitable for intercropping with maize with a yield/plot (NYi)> 0.5.

Rice analog made from locally available flour is one of food diversification to reduce rice consumption. Locally available flour that could be used to make rice analog is mocaf, kepok banana and corn. This study aims to formulate and analyses characteristic of rice analog made from mocaf, kepok banana and corn with addition of mung bean flour. This study using laboratory analysis and consumer preference test. This study divided into three stages; 1. Formulation of rice analog; 2. analysis of chemical characteristic of rice analog; 3. consumer preference test to the rice analog. Observed parameter are chemical characteristic consist of water content, protein, carbohydrate, fat and fiber while the organoleptic characteristic is color, aroma, texture and flavor. Observed data were statistically tested using analysis of variance. The study showed that utilization of mocaf, kapok, banana and corn to make rice analog produce rice analog with different color and texture. The best formula to produce rice analog based on organoleptic test is formula using mocaf flour 80% with mung bean flour 20%. Chemical analysis of rice analog using mocaf flour were protein content 8.24%; fat 0.73%; carbohydrate 77.97%; fiber 1.87%, water 9.72% and ash 1.47%. Organoleptic test showed that consumer preference towards rice analog made from modified cassava flour (mocaf) higher than other rice analog.

The advancement of a country depends upon its industrialization. Of all industrial sectors, the food processing units have highest consumption of water and are biggest producers of effluent per unit of production.The concentration and composition of the effluent depends upon operating methods andthe size and design of the processing plant.The dairy industry generates on an average 6-10 litres of waste water per litre of the milk processed. It has relatively high organic matter, suspended solids, trace organic nutrients which are essential for growth of crop plant. Thus, the utilization of the dairy effluent for irrigation can be an eco friendly approach for its disposal. The present study was carried out to study the influence of dairy effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and biomass production in mung bean (Vigna radiata) and mustard (Brassica nigra). The seeds of both the plant species were grown in petriplates and pots irrigated with various concentrations of dairy effluent (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). The dairy effluent concentration of 20% was more favorable for total growth parameters viz., the germination percentage, the shoot length, dry weight and wet weight both in mustard and mung bean. Among different concentrations, 100% concentration of effluent caused inhibitory effect. Thus, it is recommended that only after suitable dilution, the dairy effluent can be effectively used for irrigation.

Çalışma, ülkemizdeki farklı illerden toplanan maş fasulyesi tohum materyallerinin Isparta koşullarında fenolojik özelliklerinin belirlemesi amacıyla Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi (ISUBÜ) Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme tarlalarında, yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 2015 yılında 91 adet materyal toplanmış ve aynı yıl tohum çoğaltılması ve ön gözlemler yapılmıştır. Ön gözlem sonuçlarına göre, seçilen 50 adet maş fasulyesi genotipi, 4 tescilli çeşit ile birlikte 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında tarla denemelerine alınmıştır. Araştırma, Augmented Deneme Desenine göre 5 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede fenolojik özellikler olarak çıkış süresi, çiçeklenme süresi, bakla bağlama süresi ve vejetasyon süresi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada sonuç olarak, tescilli çeşitlerden daha erkenci özelliğe sahip genotiplerin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Genotiplerin içerisinde en erkenci olanının 27 S 08 genotipi olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, bu genotipin ileride ümitvar olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Forty mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes were evaluated for the estimation of genetic variability parameters, correlation coefficient, path analysis, heritability and genetic advance. The genotypes differed significantly for all the characters. Higher GCV and PCV was observed for the number of primary branches per plant and number of pods per plant. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean showed by number of primary branches per plant indicating the impact of additive gene expression. The characters days to 50 % flowering, number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod and harvest index showed positive and significant correlation along with positive direct effect on grain yield. Therefore, selection based on this component traits would results improvement in grain yield of mung bean.

The present study was conducted to find out the impact of inorganic nutrients (Nitrogen @ 20 kgha-1 and Phosphorus 40 kgha-1) blended with and without biofertilizers (Rhizobium and PSB) on growth and yield of mung bean. Significant increments in seed yield of 31.07% followed by 23.34% were recorded from the plots exposed to 20 kgN/ha + 40 kgP2O5/ha along with dual inoculation by Rizobium and PSB (T9) and 20 kgN/ha + 40 kgP2O5/ha + Rizobium (T7). Highest seed yield (13.23 q/ha) realized under T9 supported by increased final aboveground dry matter (29.33% & 26.21%), pod percentage (26.33% & 17.45%) and test weight (17.50% & 11.13%) compared to chemical fertilizers (T4 & T5 respectively). Highest number of nodules (68.17) & nitrogen use efficiency (18.32 kg/kg) were recorded at flowering (50 DAS) stage of the crop under treatment-9. Functional relation between nodulation, NUE, AAR, pods plant-1 and yield were positive and linear (R2=0.987, 0.9987, 0.9501, 0.9115, respectively). To ascertain the higher productivity in mung bean it is recommended that the application of phosphorus @ 40 kgha-1 with starter dosage of N @ 20 kgha-1 along with dual inoculation by Rizobium and PSB should be applied for higher seed yield under temperate agro-ecological conditions.

Mung bean has become an important cash and food crop in dry land areas of Ethiopia. However, there is no sufficient research information on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers rates for the crop in the study area. Thus, field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of N and P fertilizer rates on growth, yield components and yield of mung bean under irrigation at Nura-Era, central Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three N fertilizer rates (0, 23 and 46 kg N ha-1) in the form of Urea (46% N) and five P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P ha-1) in the form of Triple Superphosphate (20% P) laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Result of the main effect of nitrogen rate showed significantly highest number of primary branches per plant (4.25), number of pods per plant (17.7), and 100 seed weight (4.94 g) at 23 kg N ha-1. Similarly, the main effect of P fertilizer rate showed that the application of 40 kg P ha-1 produced significantly the highest number of primary branches per plant (4.79), highest number of pods per plant (20.85), the highest number of seeds per pod (6.24), the highest aboveground dry biomass (6838.83 kg ha-1), the highest 100 seed weight (5.21 g) and the highest harvest index (25.96%). The interaction of N and P rates showed that the combination of 23 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P ha-1 gave the highest grain yield (1902.78 kg ha-1). Thus, the combination of 23 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P ha-1 can be used to increase the productivity of mung bean in the study area.

Background Bean thrips, Megalurothrips distalis (Karny), are a serious insect pest of mung bean grown in summer season as a catch crop in wheat–rice cropping system in North West India. Severe incidence leads to flower shedding and fewer pods leading to loss in grain yield. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of horticultural mineral oils, neem-based botanicals, and pongamia soap in the form of spray in comparison to the insecticide dimethoate in 2018 and 2019. Main body Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with 11 treatments including untreated control in 3 replications. Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) at 5% gave the highest mean percent reduction in the number of thrips (90.44 and 79.59%), followed by 10 ml l−1 of Neem Kavach 1500 ppm (85.55 and 78.97%) and the insecticide dimethoate 30% EC at 250 ml ha−1 (84.92 and 78.22%) 1 and 3 days after treatment. Neem Baan 1500 ppm, Indo-Neem 1500 ppm, and Nimbecidine 300 ppm each at 10 ml l−1 also provided 75.29–82.42% and 61.18–75.82% reduction 1 and 3 days after treatment. Horticultural mineral oils also reduced the insect population by about 64%, while pongamia soap was least effective (31.58%) among botanicals. Dimethoate 30% EC at 250 ml ha−1 recorded the highest grain yield and net returns, followed by NSKE, Nimbecidine, and Neem Kavach that were on par with it. Homemade neem extracts evaluated in 2019 caused 62.7–77.3% reduction in thrips population up to 3 days after treatment with yields comparable to 10 ml l–1 of Indo-Neem spray. Conclusion The study indicated that neem extract was capable to manage the bean thrips in flowers of summer mung bean and obtained a high grain yield.

Salinity is the abiotic stress factor that most restricts agricultural production after drought. In this study, mung beans (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes were analyzed the resistance performance to salinity stress in germination stage and early seedling stage. In accordance with this purpose, 17 mung bean genotypes were used in the study. Genotypes used in the study were treated with distilled water (0) and 2 different salt doses (4 and 8 mmhos cm-1 NaCl) as the control group. Petri dishes were allowed to stay at room temperature (25 ° C) for 9 days, and salt solution was added when required. The data obtained from the study, were obtained on the average of the measurements made on the 9th day and then analyzed. Germination power, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were determined as the analyzed parameters in the study. Increasing NaCl doses generally affected all parameters negatively. According to the analysis of variance with the results obtained, the genotypic effect was found to be statistically significant in all parameters, which was analyzed in this study. Stress dose was found to be statistically significant in all parameters except the dry weight parameter. In addition to this, genotype × stress dose interaction was determined to be statistically significant in germination power, root length and shoot length parameters. Genotypes, which were numbered No.20 and No.24, had maximum results in statistically important parameters such as germination power (97.00-94.11%), root length (1.557-1.563 cm) and shoot length (2.033-1.793 cm) under applied highest salt dose. As a result of this, No.20 and No.24 genotypes were determined to be the more tolerant to salt stress than other genotypes used in the study. As a conclusion, it is suggested that No.20 and No.24 genotypes can be used as parental plants in the breeding of new varieties tolerant to salinity in the future.

DOR: 98.1000/2383-1251.1399.7.83.13.1.1608.1610 Extended abstract Introduction: Legumes are the most important source of plant protein and Mung bean has a high nutritional value for humans, as it produces seeds containing high protein percentage. The major problem of salinity in seed germination of higher plants is due to excessive amounts of sodium chloride, osmotic pressure, disruption of nutrient uptake and transport, and direct effects of ionic toxicity on the membrane and enzymatic systems that in turn reduce germination. External use of methyl jasmonate can modulate the effects of various stresses, such as salinity and drought, by increasing the antioxidant activity of the seed. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate and salinity stress on germination and enzymatic properties of Mung bean. Material and Method: This study was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications during 2015-16 at the laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University. The experimental treatments included four methyl jasmonate solution (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and four salinity stress levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 dS/m salinity from NaCl). Petri dishes were placed in a germinator at 25 ° C and in full darkness for 14 days. In this experiment, germination rate and percentage, time to reach 50% germination, alpha and beta amylase, catalase and peroxidase were measured. Results: The results of the experiment showed that the lowest rate of slope and final germination percentage were obtained in 50 and 100 mM solutions of methyl jasmonate. In terms of T50, an increase of 4.7 days was observed per one dS/m increase in salinity stress and the lowest T50 was estimated at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 78.68 mM. In terms of the activity of germination enzymes, reduction of 0.031 μmol/ml/min per 1 dS.m increase in salinity stress and the highest amount of α-amylase were estimated 72.6 μmol/ml/min at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 73.33 mM. Also, the lowest activity of β-amylase enzyme was 0.79 μmol/ml/min at a concentration of 5.6 dS/m salinity stress and the highest activity of β-amylase enzyme was estimated to be 1.7 μmol/ml/min at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 86.67 mM. The highest activity of catalase (25.7 ∆A/mg protein/min) was observed at 14.72 dS/m salinity stress and the lowest activity of catalase enzyme (8.9 ∆A/mg protein/min) was estimated at 5.88 mM methyl jasmonate solution. The highest activity of peroxidase enzyme (22.06 ∆A/mg protein/min) was at 24.3 dS/m salinity stress and the lowest activity of the enzyme peroxidase (2.5 ∆A/ mg protein/min) was determined at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 266.66 mM. Conclusions: In general, pre-treatment of methyl jasmonate can reduce the germination time, increase the rate of germination and reduce the oxidative stress in salt stress conditions by improving the activity of germination enzymes, increasing the activity of enzymes, increasing the activity of hydrolyzing enzymes and increasing the easy availability of seedlings to nutrients during germination. Highlights: 1- Germination rate and percentage and morpho-physiological changes of Mung bean seed as affected by methyl jasmonate were investigated. 2- The role of alpha and beta amylase germination enzymes in accelerating the production of Mungbean seedlings under saline conditions were estimated. 3- Methyl jasmonate- induced catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity in resistance to salinity stress were estimated.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is an immunomodulatory medicinal plant, which is recognized as a component of a traditional postpartum diet. The liver plays a crucial role in fatty acid synthesis under t...

Summary Our previous study using pots reported that short-term growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) may be useful to decrease the density of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, in soil. The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term growth of mung bean and its incorporation by ploughing decreased SCN density in infested fields. Firstly, we did pot experiments to evaluate the optimum temperature and moisture for hatching in soil. SCN hatching was stimulated at 25 and 30°C and not at 20°C; however, it was stimulated at alternating temperature conditions between 20 and 25°C. Soil moisture levels with pF 2.76 or less were required to stimulate SCN hatch in soil. Field experiments were done in Saitama, Kanagawa and Nara Prefectures, Japan. SCN density was reduced by nearly half even in control plots, in which mung bean was not cultivated and ploughed, in Saitama and Nara Prefectures. However, SCN density was reduced by nearly 80% or more in the three Prefectures, except for one plot in Kanagawa, and the soil temperature and moisture conditions were kept at around 20-30°C and at −2. Overall, the present study revealed that short-term field cultivation of mung bean and ploughing was a profitable method to decrease SCN density in infested fields and thereby to increase yield of green soybean.

The present study was carried out to evaluate ten genotypes of mung bean for ten important agricultural characteristics. Ten mung bean genotypes were obtained from Bahteem Research Station of the Field Crop Research Institute in Gizain 2019. The complete randomized block design was performed with four replicates, the best genotype selection was made on the basis of ten important agricultural characteristic. Data were recorded for, plant height (cm), branches' number per plant, number of fertile nods per plant, number of pods per nods, pods length (cm), number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant (g) and 100-seed weight (g). The results indicated that there were slightly important differences between the genotypes and genetic diversity was observed for the studied traits and thus, there is an opportunity for genetic improvement. Molecular markers analysis evaluated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) with ten primers were used on ten mung bean genotypes. A high level of polymorphism was found, where 65 polymorphic bands and 52 monomorphic bands were detected out of total 117 bands. The results showed that there is a high degree of genetic similarity ranged between 0.88 and 0.76 where the highest was 0.88 between genotypes 1, 2 and the least was 0.76 between genotypes 4, 5 and 2, 9.

wood ash can be a bio-rationale, economically viable, source of fertilizer, to neutralize soil acidy, and contribute to minimizing costs for small farmers who produce mung beans [Vigna radiata (L.)...

Storage of common bean and cowpea is limited due to different species of bruchids. Zabrotes subfasciatus and Callosobruchus maculatus are the most important species of bruchids attacking stored common beans and cowpeas, causing yield losses reaching up to 38-100%. Two experiments, one on the effect of different rates of Filter Cake against Z. subfasciatus on common bean, and the other experiment on the effect of different rates of Filter Cake against C. maculatus on cowpea were conducted at Melkassa in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Half liter capacity transparent plastic bags were used for the experiment. About 0-12 h old ten unsexed Z. subfasciatus adults were introduced to common bean seeds. For cowpea experiment, 0-12 h old 10 C. maculatus were used with similar procedures with that of common bean. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design. Different crops and insect related data were collected. The results obtained demonstrated that significant differences (P