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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) exploits human host factors to complete its life cycle. Hence, discovery of HIV-regulated host proteins markers would better our understanding of the virus life-cycle and its contribution to pathogenesis and discovery of objective diagnostic and prognostic molecules. Methods: We conducted holistic total proteomics analysis of three closely related study populations including patients with HIV type-1 (HIV-1) and HIV type-2 (HIV-2) as well as HIV-1 elite controllers (HIV-1-EC). Peripheral blood plasma (PBP) samples were subjected to label-free quantitative liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results: Over 314 unique PBP protein species were identified of which 100 (approx. 32%) were significantly differentially expressed (≥2 to ∞ - fold-change; p

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) exploits human host factors to complete its life cycle. Hence, discovery of HIV-regulated host proteins markers would better our understanding of the virus life-cycle and its contribution to pathogenesis and discovery of objective diagnostic and prognostic molecules. We conducted holistic total proteomics analysis of three closely related study populations including patients with HIV type-1 (HIV-1) and HIV type-2 (HIV-2) as well as HIV-1 elite controllers (HIV-1-EC). Peripheral blood plasma (PBP) samples were subjected to label-free quantitative liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Over 314 unique PBP protein species were identified of which 100 (approx. 32%) were significantly differentially expressed (≥2 to ∞ - fold-change; p < 0.05) between the three sample cohorts. Of the 100 proteins, 91 were significantly changed between pairs of HIV-1 versus HIV-1-EC, while 83 of the 100 proteins differed significantly between HIV-2 and HIV-1-EC. Interestingly, 76 proteins (87.5%) overlap between the two data sets indicating that majority of these proteins share similar expression changes between HIV-1 and HIV-2 sample groups. Two of the identified proteins, XRCC5 and PSME1, were implicated in the early phase of the pathway network for HIV life cycle, while others were involved in infectious disease and disease of signal transduction. Among them were MAP2K1, RPL23A, RPS3, CALR, PRDX1, SOD2, LMNB1, PHB, and FGB. Despite the high degree of similarity in protein profiles of HIV-1 and HIV-2, six proteins differed significantly including ETFB, PHB2, S100A9, LMO2, PPP3R1 and Vif, a fragment of virion infectivity factor of HIV-1. Additionally, 15 proteins were uniquely expressed, and one of them (LSP1) is present only in HIV-1-EC but absent in HIV1 and HIV-2 and vice versa for the rest 14 proteins. Altogether, we have identified HIV-specific/related protein expression changes that might potentially be capable of early diagnosis and prognosis of HIV diseases and other related infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent of tuberculosis ( TB). The ability of M. tuberculosis to be quiescent in the cell has caused the emergence of latent infection. A comprehensive proteomic analysis of M. tuberculosis H37 Rv over three growth phases, namely mid-log (14-day culture), early stationary (28-day culture), and late stationary (50-day culture), was performed in order to study the change in proteome from the mid-log phase to late-stationary phase. Combination methods of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2- DE) and tandem mass spectrometry were used to generate proteome maps of M. tuberculosis at different growth phases. Ten proteins were detected differentially expressed in the late-stationary phase compared with the other two phases. These proteins were SucD, TrpD, and Rv2161c, which belong to metabolic pathway proteins; FadE5, AccD5, DesA1, and Rv1139c are proteins involved in cell wall or lipid biosynthesis, whereas TB21.7 and Rv3224 are conserved hypothetical proteins with unknown function. A surface antigen protein, DesA1, was not detectable in the late-stationary phase, although present in both log and early-stationary phases. The changes in the expression levels of these proteins were in line with the growth environment changes of the bacteria from mid-log phase to late-stationary phase. The information gathered may be valuable in the intervention against latent TB infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]