1. Tumor Growth Rate as a Validated Early Radiological Biomarker Able to Reflect Treatment-Induced Changes in Neuroendocrine Tumors: The GREPONET-2 Study.
- Author
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Lamarca A, Ronot M, Moalla S, Crona J, Opalinska M, Lopez Lopez C, Pezzutti D, Najran P, Carvhalo L, Bezerra ROF, Borg P, Vietti Violi N, Vidal Trueba H, de Mestier L, Scaefer N, Baudin E, Sundin A, Costa F, Pavel M, and Dromain C
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Disease Management, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuroendocrine Tumors mortality, Neuroendocrine Tumors therapy, Prognosis, Reproducibility of Results, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Treatment Outcome, Tumor Burden, Biomarkers, Neuroendocrine Tumors diagnostic imaging, Neuroendocrine Tumors pathology, Radiography methods, Radiography standards
- Abstract
Purpose: Tumor growth rate (TGR) represents the percentage change in tumor volume per month (%/m). Previous results from the GREPONET study showed that TGR measured after 3 months (TGR
3m ) of starting systemic treatment (ST) or watch and wait (WW) was an early biomarker predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in neuroendocrine tumors (NET)., Experimental Design: Patients from 7 centers with advanced grade (G) 1/2 NETs from the pancreas (P)/small bowel (SB) initiating ST/WW were eligible. Computed tomography (CT)/MRI performed at prebaseline, baseline, and 3(±1) months of study entry were retrospectively reviewed. Aim-1: explore treatment-induced changes in TGR (ΔTGR3m-BL ; paired T test), and Aim-2: validate TGR3m (<0.8%/m vs. ≥0.8%/m) as an early biomarker in an independent cohort (Kaplan-Meier/Cox regression)., Results: Of 785 patients screened, 127 were eligible. Mean (SD) TGR0 and TGR3m were 5.4%/m (14.9) and -1.4%/m (11.8), respectively. Mean (SD) ΔTGR3m-BL paired-difference was -6.8%/m (19.3; P < 0.001). Most marked ΔTGR3m-BL [mean (SD)] were identified with targeted therapies [-11.3%/m (4.7); P = 0.0237] and chemotherapy [-7.9%/m (3.4); P = 0.0261]. Multivariable analysis confirmed the absence of previous treatment (OR = 4.65; 95% CI, 1.31-16.52; P = 0.018) and low TGR3m (continuous variable; OR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P = 0.042) to be independent predictors of radiologic objective response. When the multivariable survival analysis for PFS (Cox regression) was adjusted to grade ( P = 0.004) and stage ( P = 0.017), TGR3m ≥ 0.8 (vs. <0.8) maintained its significance as a prognostic factor ( P < 0.001), whereas TGR0 and ΔTGR3m-BL did not. TGR3m ≥ 0.8%/m was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for PFS [external validation; Aim-2; multivariable HR 2.21 (95% CI, 1.21-3.70; P = 0.003)]., Conclusions: TGR has a role as a biomarker for monitoring response to therapy for early identification of treatment-induced changes and for early prediction of PFS and radiologic objective response., (©2019 American Association for Cancer Research.)- Published
- 2019
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