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Introduction: This randomized, cross-over trial assessed the effect of a single bout of high-impact exercise on serum markers of bone formation and bone resorption over a 24 h period., Methods: Twenty healthy males and females performed a single bout of brief jumping exercise (EXC) or no exercise (CON), 55 min following consumption of a standard breakfast. Blood markers of bone formation (P1NP) and bone resorption (CTX-I) were assessed before (t = 0 h) and over a 5 h period after breakfast, and following 24 h of post-exercise recovery (t = 24 h)., Results: Serum CTX-I concentrations decreased during the 5 h postprandial period (time-effect, P < 0.001) with no differences between conditions (time x condition, P = 0.14). After a ~ 16 % decline during the first 30 min following breakfast, serum P1NP concentrations gradually returned to baseline values during the 5 h postprandial period, with no differences in the overall response between conditions (time-effect, P < 0.001; time x condition, P = 0.25). Fasted serum CTX-I concentrations decreased from 0.33 ± 0.15 and 0.35 ± 0.15 ng/mL at baseline, to 0.31 ± 0.13 and 0.31 ± 0.16 ng/mL at t = 24 h in CON and EXC, respectively, with no differences between conditions (time-effect, P < 0.01; time x condition, P = 0.70). Fasted serum P1NP concentrations did not change from baseline to t = 24 h in both CON (baseline: 76 ± 27 ng/mL, t = 24 h: 79 ± 26 ng/mL) and EXC (baseline: 80 ± 24 ng/mL, t = 24 h: 77 ± 29 ng/mL; time-effect, P = 0.89), with no differences between conditions (time x condition, P = 0.22)., Conclusion: High-impact exercise does not modulate the concentrations of the serum marker of bone formation P1NP and the serum marker of bone resorption CTX-I throughout a 24 h recovery period in healthy adults., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Jan-Willem van Dijk reports financial support provided by Topsector Agri & Food. Jan-Willem van Dijk reports a relationship with Royal FrieslandCampina that includes: consulting or advisory and funding grants. Jan-Willem van Dijk reports a relationship with Dutch Dairy Association that includes: funding grants. Luc van Loon reports a relationship with Royal FrieslandCampina that includes: consulting or advisory, funding grants, and speaking and lecture fees. Luc van Loon reports a relationship with Arla Foods that includes: funding grants. A full overview on research funding of Luc van Loon is provided at: https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/l.vanloon. Jean Nyakayiru reports a relationship with Royal FrieslandCampina that includes: employment. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study assessed the effect of combined jump training and collagen supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in elite road-race cyclists. In this open-label, randomized study with two parallel groups, 36 young (21 ± 3 years) male (n = 8) and female (n = 28) elite road-race cyclists were allocated to either an intervention (INT: n = 18) or a no-treatment control (CON: n = 18) group. The 18-week intervention period, conducted during the off-season, comprised five 5-min bouts of jumping exercise per week, with each bout preceded by the ingestion of 15 g hydrolyzed collagen. Before and after the intervention, BMD of various skeletal sites and trabecular bone score of the lumbar spine were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, along with serum bone turnover markers procollagen Type I N propeptide and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of Type I collagen. BMD of the femoral neck decreased in CON (from 0.789 ± 0.104 to 0.774 ± 0.095 g/cm2), while being preserved in INT (from 0.803 ± 0.058 to 0.809 ± 0.066 g/cm2; Time × Treatment, p <.01). No differences between treatments were observed for changes in BMD at the total hip, lumbar spine, and whole body (Time × Treatment, p >.05 for all). Trabecular bone score increased from 1.38 ± 0.08 to 1.40 ± 0.09 in CON and from 1.46 ± 0.08 to 1.47 ± 0.08 in INT, respectively (time effect: p <.01), with no differences between treatments (Time × Treatment: p =.33). Serum procollagen Type I N propeptide concentrations decreased to a similar extent in CON (83.6 ± 24.8 to 71.4 ± 23.1 ng/ml) and INT (82.8 ± 30.7 to 66.3 ± 30.6; time effect, p <.001; Time × Treatment, p =.22). Serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of Type I collagen concentrations did not change over time, with no differences between treatments (time effect, p =.08; Time × Treatment, p =.58). In conclusion, frequent short bouts of jumping exercise combined with collagen supplementation beneficially affects femoral neck BMD in elite road-race cyclists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in male and female elite cyclists at different stages of a professional cycling career and to identify potential risk factors of low BMD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 93 male and female early career, advanced career, and postcareer elite cyclists completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body; blood sampling; assessment of training history and injuries; and the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire. Backward stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between BMD and its potential predictors in early and advanced career (i.e., active career) cyclists. Results: With a mean Z -score of −0.3 ± 0.8, −1.5 ± 1.0, and −1.0 ± 0.9, low BMD (Z -score < −1) at the lumbar spine was present in 27%, 64%, and 50% of the early, advanced, and postcareer elite male cyclists, respectively. Lumbar spine Z -scores of −0.9 ± 1.0, −1.0 ± 1.0, and 0.2 ± 1.4 in early, advanced, and postcareer elite female cyclists, respectively, indicated low BMD in 45%, 45%, and 20% of these female subpopulations. Regression analyses identified body mass index, fracture incidence, bone-specific physical activity, and triiodothyronine as the main factors associated with BMD. Conclusions: Low BMD is highly prevalent in elite cyclists, especially in early career females and advanced career males and females. These low BMD values may not fully recover after the professional cycling career, given the substantial prevalence of low BMD in retired elite cyclists. Exploratory analyses indicated that low BMD is associated with low body mass index, fracture incidence, lack of bone-specific physical activity, and low energy availability in active career elite cyclists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]