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Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein produced by neutrophils and monocytes in the course of inflammation. Today, the role of faecal CLP in chronic IBD is well known, but in recent years attention has shifted towards circulating CLP. In fact, this molecule can be measured in different biological fluids: blood, saliva and urine, using different analytic methods that are described in this review. Furthermore, different data confirm the relevant role of serum CLP in autoimmune diseases. In this review we will highlight the correlation between high levels of circulating CLP and specific autoantibodies of major autoimmune pathologies paving the way to the employment of CLP measurement as useful biomarker for monitoring outcome in different pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on frequency and results of cryoglobulin retesting in patients. Topics include the cryoglobulinemia being a rare pathologic condition that being difficult to diagnose both clinically and in the laboratory, and beginning with the necessity of maintaining the sample at 37°C during the preanalytical phase until centrifugation in the laboratory.