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The discovery of more efficient and stable catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is vital in improving the efficiency of renewable energy generation devices. Given the large numbers of possible binary and ternary metal oxide OER catalysts, high-throughput methods are necessary to accelerate the rate of discovery. Herein, Mn-based spinel oxide, Fe10 Co40 Mn50 O, is identified for the first time using high-throughput methods demonstrating remarkable catalytic activity (overpotential of 310 mV on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and 237 mV on Ni foam at 10 mA cm-2 ). Using a combination of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements, the high catalytic activity is attributed to 1) the formation of multiple active sites in different geometric sites, tetrahedral and octahedral sites; and 2) the formation of active oxyhydroxide phase due to the strong interaction of Co2+ and Fe3+ . Structural and surface characterizations after OER show preservation of Fe10 Co40 Mn50 O surface structure highlighting its durability against irreversible redox damage on the catalytic surface. This work demonstrates the use of a high-throughput approach for the rapid identification of a new catalyst, provides a deeper understanding of catalyst design, and addresses the urgent need for a better and stable catalyst to target greener fuel. Ministry of Education (MOE) National Research Foundation (NRF) This research was partially supported by grants from the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Campus of Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program. This work was partially supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE2019-T2-1-163), Tier 1 grant (2020-T1-001-147(RG64/20)), Tier 2 grant (MOE T2EP50120-00081), Singapore National Research Foundation-National University of Singapore Postdoc Fellowship, and NUS core SupportC-380-003-003-001.

Inorganic hole-transport layers (HTLs) are widely investigated in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their superior stability compared to the organic HTLs. However, in p–i–n architecture when these inorganic HTLs are deposited before the perovskite, it forms a suboptimal interface quality for the crystallization of perovskite, which reduces device stability, causes recombination, and limits the power conversion efficiency of the device. The incorporation of an appropriate functional group such as sulfur-terminated surface on the HTL can enhance the interface quality due to its interaction with perovskite during the crystallization process. In this work, a bifunctional Al-doped CuS film is wet-deposited as HTL in p–i–n architecture PSC, which besides acting as an HTL also improves the crystallization of perovskite at the interface. Urbach energy and light intensity versus open-circuit voltage characterization suggest the formation of a better-quality interface in the sulfide HTL–perovskite heterojunction. The degradation behavior of the sulfide-HTL-based perovskite devices is studied, where it can be observed that after 2 weeks of storage in a controlled environment, the devices retain close to 95% of their initial efficiency. National Research Foundation (NRF) Accepted version This research was funded by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program. The authors would like to acknowledge the Facility for Analysis, Characterization, Testing and Simulation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, for use of their XPS/UPS facilities. They would also like to thank Dr. Gonzalo Carrasco from Earth Observatory of Singapore, NTU, for his assistance in carrying out ICPMS.