1. Experimental estimation of migration and transfer of organic substances from consumer articles to cotton wipes: Evaluation of underlying mechanisms
- Author
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Suzanne Spaan, Derk H. Brouwer, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Roel Engel, Hans Marquart, Per Axel Clausen, Vivi Kofoed-Sørensen, Brian Hansen, Lieve Geerts, Katleen De Brouwere, and Maaike Le Feber
- Subjects
Paper ,010407 polymers ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Chemical substance ,Epidemiology ,Skin Absorption ,RAPID - Risk Analysis for Products in Development ,Biomedical Innovation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Dermal exposure ,Surface film ,Exposure modeling ,Phthalates ,Life ,Floors and Floorcoverings ,Humans ,Cotton Fiber ,Transfer model ,Surface layer ,Volatile organic compounds ,Polyvinyl Chloride ,Biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Chemistry ,Textiles ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental engineering ,Environmental Exposure ,Models, Theoretical ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,Ink ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Healthy Living ,Matrix diffusion - Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify the key mechanisms governing transport of organic chemical substances from consumer articles to cotton wipes. The results were used to establish a mechanistic model to improve assessment of dermal contact exposure. Four types of PVC flooring, 10 types of textiles and one type of inkjet printed paper were used to establish the mechanisms and model. Kinetic extraction studies in methanol demonstrated existence of matrix diffusion and indicated the presence of a substance surface layer on some articles. Consequently, the proposed substance transfer model considers mechanical transport from a surface film and matrix diffusion in an article with a known initial total substance concentration. The estimated chemical substance transfer values to cotton wipes were comparable to the literature data (relative transfer ∼2%), whereas relative transfer efficiencies from spiked substrates were high (∼50%). For consumer articles, high correlation (r 2 =0.92) was observed between predicted and measured transfer efficiencies, but concentrations were overpredicted by a factor of 10. Adjusting the relative transfer from about 50% used in the model to about 2.5% removed overprediction. Further studies are required to confirm the model for generic use. © 2016 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2016