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The essential properties of a biosensor are its sensitivity and selectivity to detect, monitor and quantify the biomarker(s) for the interests of medicine. This Special Issue, "Application of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) Cas Systems for Biosensing", intends to bring awareness to and demonstrate the uniqueness of the CRISPR-Cas systems for advancing biosensing. Different CRISPR-Cas biosensing systems are described in the manuscripts of this Special Issue, demonstrating the applicability of a CRISPR-Cas system in biosensing. [Extracted from the article]

Recent advances in CRISPR based biotechnologies have greatly expanded our capabilities to repurpose CRISPR for the development of biomolecular sensors for diagnosing diseases and understanding cellular pathways. The key attribute that allows CRISPR to be widely utilized is the programmable and highly selective mechanism. In this Minireview, we first illustrate the molecular principle of CRISPR functioning process from sensing to actuating. Next, the CRISPR based biosensing strategies for nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules are summarized. We highlight some of recent advances in applications for in vitro detection of biomolecules and in vivo imaging of cellular networks. Finally, the challenges with, and exciting prospects of, CRISPR based biosensing developments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA has many unique properties beyond encoding genetic information, one of which is its physicochemical stability based on Watson–Crick base pairing. Differences in sequence complementarity between multiple DNA strands can lead to the strand displacement reaction (SDR). SDRs have been regularly applied in synthetic biology, drug delivery, and, importantly, biosensing. SDR-based biosensors have high controllability, high sensitivity, and low interference, and can be used for multiplexed detection. Such biosensors have been demonstrated to detect nearly every class of biomolecule. As the field continues to mature, such platforms can be used as an integral tool for the manipulation of biomolecular reactions, bringing biosensors one step closer to the ultimate goal of point-of-care systems. SDRs directly connect a biosensing recognition event to its signaling event, producing simple, integrated platforms. Combining SDRs into cascades provides inherent amplification of target signals, thus boosting the sensitivity of the biosensing system. The incorporation of orthogonal strand displacement cascades allows multiplexed detection of multiple targets in one sample. SDRs can be applied universally to a diverse type of targets, including nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of very recently developed electrochemical biosensing strategies are promoting electrochemical biosensing systems into practical point‐of‐care applications. The focus of research endeavors has transferred from detection of a specific analyte to the development of general biosensing strategies that can be applied for a single category of analytes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and cells. In this Minireview, recent cutting‐edge research on electrochemical biosensing strategies are described. These developments resolved critical challenges regarding the application of electrochemical biosensors to practical point‐of‐care systems, such as rapid readout, simple biosensor fabrication method, ultra‐high detection sensitivity, direct analysis in a complex biological matrix, and multiplexed target analysis. This Minireview provides general guidelines both for scientists in the biosensing research community and for the biosensor industry on development of point‐of‐care system, benefiting global healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The analysis of protein-nucleic acid interactions is essential for biophysics related research. However, simple, rapid, and accurate methods for quantitative analysis of biomolecular interactions are lacking. We herein establish an electrochemical biosensor approach for protein-nucleic acid binding analysis. Nanoparticle based sensors are fabricated by highly-controlled inkjet printing followed by plasma conversion. A novel bioconjugation method is demonstrated as a simple and rapid approach for protein-based biosensor fabrication. As a proof of concept, we analyzed the binding interaction between unwinding protein 1 (UP1) and SL3ESS3 RNA, confirming the accuracy of this nanoparticle based electrochemical biosensor approach with traditional biophysical methods. We further accurately profiled and differentiated a unique binding interaction pattern of multiple G-tract nucleic acid sequences with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1. Our study provides insights into a potentially universal platform for in vitro biomolecule interaction analysis using a nanoparticle based electrochemical biosensor approach. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Simple, rapid, and accurate general electrochemical method for biomolecules binding affinity analysis. • Plasma produced gold nanoparticle sensor. • Detail analysis of G-tract nucleic acids interaction with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple-prepare, single-use and cost-effective, in vitro biosensor for the detection of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a biomarker of neuro-degenerative disorders, was designed, manufactured and tested. This study reports the first biosensor application for the detection of TDP-43 using a novel biosensor fabrication methodology. Bioconjugation mechanism was applied by conjugating anti-TDP 43 with N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate (SATA) producing a thiol-linked anti-TDP 43, which was used to directly link with gold electrode surface, minimizing the preparation steps for biosensor fabrication and simplifying the biosensor surface. The effectiveness of this bioconjugation mechanism was evaluated and confirmed by FqRRM12 protein, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The surface coverage of the electrode was analyzed by Time-of-Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was acted as the detection transduction mechanism with the use of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3-/4- redox probe. Human TDP-43 peptide of 0.0005 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL in undiluted human serum was analyzed using this TDP-43 biosensor. Interference study of the TDP-43 biosensor using β-amyloid 42 protein and T-tau protein confirmed the specificity of this TDP-43 biosensor. This bioconjugation chemistry based approach for biosensor fabrication circumvents tedious gold surface modification and functionalization while enabling specific detection of TDP-43 in less than 1 h with a low fabrication cost of a single biosensor less than $3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innentitelbild: Exploring the Trans-Cleavage Activity of CRISPR-Cas12a (cpf1) for the Development of a Universal Electrochemical Biosensor (Angew. B Ein elektrochemischer Biosensor (E-CRISPR), b der auf CRISPR-Cas12a (cpf1) basiert, wird von Y. Dai, A. I. Caplan, C. C. Liu et al. in ihrem Forschungsartikel auf S. 17560 vorgestellt. Bioanalytische Chemie, Biosensoren, CRISPR Cas12a (cpf1), Elektrochemie, Trans-Spaltung. [Extracted from the article]