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Azov Fortress, which came under the Ottoman rule in 1475, was the farthest point of the north-eastern border of the Ottoman lands. The fortress, which is located in the border area, was mostly used as an outpost, military support unit and supply base since it was not subjected to serious attacks in the first years. The Azov was subjected to sieges in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. However, for the first time in 1637, as a result of the serious siege of the Don Cossacks, it was out of the Ottoman's control. It is has a special place in Russian history that the Don Cossacks occupied and held Azov for a long time because it was a victory against the Ottoman Empire which was the great power of its era. There are many studies on this subject in Russian literature. While there are very few documents in the Ottoman archive, Evliya Celebi gives the most detailed information among chronicles and travel books. In addition, this period was neglected in the studies and research, and only recently, a study was conducted by Sinan Yüksel in terms of political history. In this respect, it is thought to be useful to discuss the subject in detail due to the existing gap in the literature. In this study, the Don Cossacks' capture of Azov and the struggles between the Ottoman soldiers and the Don Cossacks during the Don Cossacks' domination, will be discussed in detail by means of military terms. Besides, the reasons why the Ottoman Empire failed in Azov during this period will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the Russian occupation of Azov Castle in 1696, the Ottoman Empire faced a serious threat to the domination of the Black Sea, which it has long regarded as its inland sea. The Ottoman administration was aware of the strategic importance of the Azov Sea and sought to imprison Russia here. In this direction, the Ottomans repaired the chain of fortresses, which were important defense lines starting from Ochakov to Crimea and Caucasus, in order to prevent Russia from going further south. New castles have been built on the Kerch Strait, the Crimea and Taman sides, the most critical passage Russia could use to reach the Black Sea. Yenikale was one of these castles, it was built at Akintiburnu, 10 km north of Kerch Castle. The construction of the castle started in 1702 and continued until 1707 with some intervals. Thus, it was tried to prevent Russia's exit from Azov Sea to Karadeniz. In this paper, the importance of Yenikale, which was built on the Kerch Strait in order to prevent the spread of Russians, will be given information about the construction process and the money spent in this period, manpower and materials used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia, after emerging as a state at the turn of the 15th century, started to expand eastward. Until the 17th century, Russia made an effort to not come across by the Ottoman Empire who is the important power of that period. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in Vienna in 1683, Russia changed her traditional policy and she also attended to the war near Austria, Poland and Venice. After occupying Azov, she reached the Black Sea coast. After Austria, Poland and Venice signed the treaty with the Ottoman Empire, the treaty of Istanbul with Russia will be examined in this article. At the end of the article, the full text of the treaty will be given in the Ottoman Turkish and its transcription in Latin letters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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