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Abstract: The nanometer-scale architectures in thin films of self-assembling block copolymers have inspired a variety of new applications. For example, the uniformly sized and shaped nanodomains formed in the films have been used for nanolithography, nanoparticle synthesis, and high-density information storage media. Imperative to all of these applications, however, is a high degree of control over orientation of the nanodomains relative to the surface of the film as well as control over order in the plane of the film. Induced fields including electric, shear, and surface fields have been demonstrated to influence orientation. Both heteroepitaxy and graphoepitaxy can induce positional order on the nanodomains in the plane of the film. This article will briefly review a variety of mechanisms for gaining control over block copolymer order as well as many of the applications of these materials. Particular attention is paid to the potential of perfecting long-range two-dimensional order over a broader range of length scales and the extension of these concepts to functional materials and more complex architectures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the development in directing self-assembly of block copolymers. This study focused on the nanoscale features of block copolymers as means of turning a pattern media in microelectronic applications. Researches are under way for a new route to nanopatterning which is very significant in optical lithography. The semiconductor industry needs intrinsic technology to answer for the demands in high-density features for data storage and computing speed. New applications are tested for further developments.

Controlling the self-assembly of block copolymers with variable chain shape and stiffness is important for driving the self-assembly of functional materials containing nonideal chains as well as for developing materials with new mesostructures and unique thermodynamic interactions. The polymer helix is a particularly important functional motif. In the helical chain, the traditional scaling relationships between local chain stiffness and space-filling properties are not applicable; this in turn impacts the scaling relationships critical for governing self-assembly. Polypeptoids, a class of sequence-defined peptidomimetic polymers with controlled helical secondary structure, were used to systematically investigate the impact of helical chain shape on block copolymer self-assembly in a series of poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-polypeptoid block copolymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of the bulk materials shows that block copolymers form hexagonally packed cylinder domains. By leveraging sequence control, the polypeptoid block was controlled to form a helix only at the part either adjacent to or distant from the block junction. Differences in domain size from SAXS reveal that chain stretching of the helix near the block junction is disfavored, while helical segments at the center of cylindrical domains contribute to unfavorable packing interactions, increasing domain size. Finally, temperature-dependent SAXS shows that helix-containing diblock copolymers disorder at lower temperatures than the equivalent unstructured diblock copolymers; we attribute this to the smaller effective N of the helical structure resulting in a larger entropic gain upon disordering. These results emphasize how current descriptions of rod/coil interactions and conformational asymmetry for coil polymers do not adequately address the behavior of chain secondary structures, where the scalings of space-filling and stiff--elastic properties relative to chain stiffness deviate from those of typical coil, semiflexible, and rodlike polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]