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Background: Infection is a significant risk factor that impacts for perioperative morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation (LTx) patients and is difficult to evaluate quantitatively in the early posttransplantation period. Thus, a biomarker to assess the risk of infection and the prognosis of the recipient is highly desirable. Methods: A total of 128 consecutive patients with end‐stage liver diseases undergoing LTx between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were screened retrospectively. Graft preservation fluid and blood samples were collected for culture, and other perioperative laboratory examination results were recorded, for assessment of infection status. Results: After a follow‐up period of 30 days, the survival rate among the 128 LTx recipients was 94.5%. Multivariable regression analysis showed that the logarithmically transformed neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR = 3.548, 95% CI: ; p =.041) on post‐LTx day 1 and graft preservation fluid culture positivity (HR = 12.032, 95% CI: ; p =.006) were independent predictive factors for early prognosis after LTx. Conclusions: Positive graft preservation fluid culture and the logarithmically transformed NLR on post‐LTx day 1 were independent predictive factors for early prognosis after LTx. The logarithmically transformed NLR could provide an earlier indication than culture results in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]