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Frequent infection with zoonotic simian foamy virus (SFV) has been reported among HIV-negative primate hunters in rural Cameroon. Plasma samples obtained from urban commercial sex workers (CSWs; n= 139), patients with sexually transmitted diseases (n = 41), and blood donors (n= 179) in the Democratic Republic of Congo [formerly known as Zaire] and Cameroon were tested for SFV and HIV-1 infection. One CSW and one blood donor were found to be seropositive for both SFV and HIV-1, thereby documenting what are, to our knowledge, the first reported cases of dual SFV and HIV infection. The findings of the present study suggest opportunities for bloodborne and sexual transmission of SFV and highlight the importance of defining the clinical consequences of dual infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pooled NAT and donor screening have reduced the diagnostic window period for HIV in the blood donor population to approximately 10 to 15 days. This report describes two cases of transfusion-acquired HIV infection and verification of transmission from the donor to the recipients, and attempts to identify how the 18-year-old donor acquired her infection. After a repeat donor had a positive HIV test result, two recipients of the donor's previous donation were identified and tested. The donor and recipients were interviewed and blood samples were obtained for HIV DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The two recipients had positive HIV test results. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high genetic similarity among the viruses (bootstrap 100%), consistent with transmission from the donor to the recipients. Four of five men with whom the donor had sexual contact during the critical time period when infection most likely occurred were located and tested; results were negative for HIV. Pooled NAT of blood donations has not eliminated the window period for HIV identification during seroconversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study designed to determine HIV-1 genetic linkage between virus in 2 HIV-infected recipients of blood components and virus in the donor, who was HIV antigen and antibody negative at the time of donation. Methods; Results; Conclusion that United States HIV nucleic acid amplification (NAT) may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect all infectious window-period donations.