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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of xylanase and phytase individually or in combination on the intestinal morphology and blood metabolites of broiler chickens fed a stored wheat-based diet. For this purpose, a total of 640, day-old broiler chicks were used with 8 replicates per treatment and 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Wheat was used as a major energy ingredient, therefore, was designated as a 100% replacement of corn with wheat in the experimental treatments which was 57.52 kg/100 kg feed. Eight isocaloric and isonitrogenous basal diets were prepared based on 1.5-year and 2.5-year-old stored wheat and diets were supplemented with or without exogenous enzymes. Exogenous enzymes supplemented diets were either supplemented with phytase 500FTU or xylanase 500XU alone or in combination. At the end of the trial, the blood metabolites were measured as well as intestinal morphology was evaluated through routine histological examinations. The results showed that combined supplementation of xylanase and phytase in diets T4 and T8 significantly lowered the blood cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05) as compared to treatments without enzymes or supplemented with xylanase or phytase alone. Low blood glucose was observed in the T1 diet (P<0.05). Better villus height was observed in birds fed with T4 and T8 diets (P<0.05). A decrease in villus height and villus surface area was observed in birds-fed diets without the supplementation of xylanase and phytase enzymes (P<0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of xylanase and phytase in combination in wheat -based diets in broilers improves intestinal morphology and blood metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of study was to evaluate the effects of energy level in starter ration on blood biochemical parameters, hormone profile, immune response and antioxidant status of calves. A total of eighteen angus calves were divided into three groups in such a way that each group had six calves. Three energy levels were {9 MJ/kg, low metabolizable energy (LME), 12.38 MJ/kg, medium metabolizable energy (MME) and 13.62 MJ/kg, high metabolizable energy (HME)} fed to experimental groups. Results showed that hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, thrombocytocrit and high-density lipoprotein was higher in HME diet (P<0.05). While, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width was higher in MME diet as compared to HME diet (P<0.05). Results of immunity revealed that IgA content were lowest in calves fed LME diet (P<0.05). Calves received different energy level in the diet had no effect on IgG, IgM and C4 (P>0.05). However, the calves on LME starter diet represented higher blood complement C3 contents (P<0.05). It is concluded that blood metabolites were influenced by energy level in Angus calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of energy and lysine on production performance of laying hens. For this purpose, 448 laying hens of body weight 1560±60 grams were used in 2×2 factorial arrangements with 14 replicates per treatment and 8 birds per replicate. The treatments were: standard energy (2800 kcal/kg) with standard lysine (0.67%), standard energy (2800 kcal/kg) with low lysine (0.65%), low energy (2750 kcal/kg) with standard lysine (0.67%) and low energy (2750 kcal/kg) with low lysine (0.65%). Feed intake, egg production, yolk height, albumin height, yolk diameter, egg specific gravity, egg breaking strength, eggshell thickness and blood metabolites were measured. Results showed that feed intake in first week was maximum (P<0.05) for diet with standard energy and low lysine while in last week feed intake was maximum (P<0.05) in low energy and low lysine diet. Results also showed that egg production, egg weight, egg quality parameters and blood metabolites were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Nutrient digestibility was highest (P<0.05) for diet having low energy and standard lysine. It can be concluded that decreasing energy and lysine in late laying hens affects (P<0.05) feed intake and nutrient digestibility but had no effect (P>0.05) on egg production, egg weight, egg quality parameters and blood metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study was planned to evaluate supplementation of two different xylanase levels on digesta viscosity, blood metabolites and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed low energy wheat-based diet. A total of 480-day old broiler chicks were used in the current study with 8 replicates per treatment, and each replicate had ten birds. Six iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were prepared according to strain recommendations. Wheat was used in all dietary treatments except control treatment in which corn-soybean was used. Experimental diets were formulated as, 1) =control, corn-soybean based diet 2) = wheat-based diet, 100% wheat, no corn, 3) = 100% wheats, ME lowered 75 Kcal with 1000XU/kg of feed, 4) = 100% wheats, ME lowered 75 Kcal with 1500XU/kg of feed, 5) = 100% wheats, ME lowered 150 Kcal with 1000XU/kg of feed, 6) = 100% wheats, ME lowered 150 Kcal with 1500XU/kg of feed. Less viscosity, cholesterol and urea nitrogen noted in birds fed control diet and 100% wheat-based diet without xylanase supplementation (P<0.05). Low blood glucose was observed in diets without supplementation of xylanase and without reduced energy levels (P<0.05). Better villus height, villus width and villus surface area were in birds fed control diet and wheat-based diet with no lowered energy level and without xylanase supplementation (P>0.05). Based on the findings of current study, the inclusion of xylanase in diets with 75 Kcal lowered energy perform better than diets with 150 Kcal lowered energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]