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Recent epidemiologic studies carried out in Romania confirmed an ascending trend for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor prevalence such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study is to describe the CVD risk factor profile and preventative behavior in a representative sample of the general adult population of an Eastern Romanian urban area. More than 70% of the studied population had a body mass index (BMI) above the normal range for their age, with 36.7% of the subjects residing in obesity and severe obesity clusters. For overweight and obese subjects, the number of comorbidities (CVD, arterial hypertension and DM type 2) was higher than in the population with normal weight (44% vs. 31%, 22% vs. 14% and 18% vs. 10%, respectively). The prevalence of high blood pressure was almost double that reported in previous Romanian studies (69.3% vs. 36.6%) and higher than expected, based on self-reported known CVD diagnoses (37.5%). There was a visible difference between the results obtained for quantifiable CVD risk factors and self-reported lifestyle ones. Routine blood test monitoring may be an easy and inexpensive tool to guide educational and medical interventions to address modifiable CV risk factors in the adult population in order to prevent the fatal consequences of cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]