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The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy of bolus insulin aspart and basal insulin glargine with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It was assessed whether MDI was capable of controlling glycemic index with a higher efficacy than CSII by preferential adjustment of basal insulin with a lower total daily insulin dosage in T2DM. Two hundred patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to CSII (n=100) and MDI (n=100; aspart immediately prior to each meal and glargine at bedtime) groups for 12 weeks of therapy. During the last week of each treatment period, the subjects wore a continuous glucose monitoring system for 2-3 days. The dosage of basal insulin was preferentially adjusted to control prior-meal blood glucose levels, and the characteristics of insulin dosage were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which dropped from 10-11% prior to therapy to 7-7.5% after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, good glycemic level control was achieved in all patients in the MDI and CSII groups. A statistically significant difference in the dose of insulin between the CSII and MDI groups was observed (P<0.001). In conclusion, no significant differences were found between the two therapies in the incidence of hypoglycemia and HbA1c for the 12 weeks. The basal insulin dosage was significantly decreased in the MDI group compared with that in the CSII group, but the CSII group was superior to MDI group in decreasing fasting blood glucose and shortening the time required for hypoglycemia to meet the targeted level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]