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Objective: To evaluate the effect of fibre intake on the evolution of maternal BMI from pregnancy to postpartum and to identify dietary patterns associated with fibre intake., Design: Cohort study. Food intake was obtained using an FFQ. Focused principal component analysis was used focusing on the variables: postpartum weight retention and total dietary fibre intake. Poisson regression models with robust variance were built in order to measure the effect of fibre intake during the postpartum period on obesity risk., Setting: Primary care clinics in southern Brazil., Subjects: Pregnant women (n 370) were followed until the 5th month postpartum., Results: The highest contribution to fibre intake came from the consumption of beans. Consumption of bread and rice indicated a common Brazilian food pattern along with beans. Participants retained a median of 4.4 (interquartile range 0.6, 7.9) kg of weight gained during pregnancy. Obesity risk, defined as an unfavourable evolution of BMI during pregnancy and postpartum, was present in 189 (55.1%) women. Individual food items did not have an important effect on weight retention. In Poisson regression adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI and total gestational weight gain, inadequate postpartum fibre intake increased obesity risk by 24% (relative risk 51.24; 95% CI 1.05, 1.47)., Conclusions: Important maternal weight retention occurred in these women. Adequate fibre intake may reduce obesity risk in the period following childbirth.

Purpose: To compare perinatal outcomes and to assess the predictors of birth weight (BW) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to those women unexposed to bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: Singleton births from women submitted to RYGB (BSG) were matched to two control births by maternal age, delivery year, and gender. Control group 1 (CG1) and control group 2 (CG2) were selected according to the prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2 and ≥ 35 kg/m2, respectively, without previous bariatric surgery. Results: Fifty-eight pregnancies were evaluated in each group (n = 174). Neonates born after RYGB presented lower BW compared to CG1 (mean difference − 182.3 g; 95% CI − 333; − 31, P = 0.018) and CG2 (mean difference − 306.6 g, 95% CI − 502; − 111, P = 0.02). Although gestational age (GA) was similar (P = 0.219), fetal growth rate (in grams) per gestational week was higher in CG2 (β = 196.27, P < 0.001) vs. BSG (β = 127.65, P < 0.001), irrespective of gestational weight gain (GWG). Pregnancies post-RYGB showed lower GWG, lower BW, and higher prevalence of cesarean section than CG1 and were associated with lower BW, smaller cephalic perimeter, lower prevalence of macrosomia, hypertension, and gestational diabetes than CG2. Conclusion: Birth weight was higher in neonates from women with higher prepregnancy BMI, as compared to births from women submitted to RYGB, irrespective of GWG. Although nearly half of the RYGB mothers were classified with obesity at conception, those pregnancies were associated with better obstetric and neonatal outcomes than among women with prepregnancy BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 who had never undergone RYGB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growing evidence suggests that dairy products may have beneficial cardiometabolic effects. The current guidelines, however, limit the intake of full-fat dairy products.Objective: We investigated the association of dairy consumption, types of dairy products, and dairy fat content with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn).Methods: We analyzed baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter cohort study of 15,105 adults aged 35-74 y. We excluded participants with known diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or other chronic diseases, and those who had extreme values of energy intake, leaving 9835 for analysis. Dairy consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. We computed servings per day for total and subgroups of dairy intake. We computed a metabolic risk score (MetScore) as the mean z score of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (negative z score), fasting triglycerides, and fasting glucose. We performed multivariable linear regression to test the association of servings per day of dairy products with MetScore.Results: In analyses that adjusted for demographics, menopausal status, family history of diabetes, dietary intake, nondietary lifestyle factors, and body mass index, we observed a graded inverse association for MetScore with total dairy (-0.044 ± 0.01, P = 0.009 for each additional dairy servings per day) and full-fat dairy (-0.126 ± 0.03, P < 0.001) but not with low-fat dairy intake. Associations were no longer present after additional adjustments for dairy-derived saturated fatty acids.Conclusions: Total and especially full-fat dairy food intakes are inversely and independently associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adults, associations that seem to be mediated by dairy saturated fatty acids. Dietary recommendations to avoid full-fat dairy intake are not supported by our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is an official cardiovascular health (CVH) assessment tool, however, its use remains limited within the adolescent population. We aim to describe the prevalence of CVH in Brazilian adolescents using the LE8 framework and to analyze its distribution considering sociodemographic factors. The sample comprised 36,956 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents, a nationwide, cross-sectional, school-based study. CVH was assessed by the LE8 score (0–100 points), comprising eight metrics categorized into two domains: health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) and health factors (body mass index, non-HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Sociodemographic factors were sex, age, type of school, skin color, and region of residence. The results were expressed as means with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). The overall average score was 75.8 points (95 % CI: 75.3–76.3), classified as moderate CVH. The general score was higher among males (76.8; 95 % CI: 76.6–77.7) and younger adolescents (12–14 years old) (78.5; 95 % CI: 77.7–79.4). The health factors had a higher mean than behavioral factors (87.6, 95 % CI: 87.3–87.9 vs. 64.0, 95 % CI: 63.3–64.7). The best score was blood glucose (94.7; 95 % CI: 94.2–95.2), while the diet score was the lowest (48.5; 95 % CI: 46.3–50.6). The CVH of Brazilian adolescents is classified as moderate and varied according to sociodemographic characteristics. Intervention actions should prioritize behavioral factors to improve the LE8 score and consequently prevent cardiovascular events in adulthood. • Brazilian adolescents have moderate cardiovascular health score; • Boys and younger adolescents (12–14 years) have a higher cardiovascular health score; • Brazilian adolescents have better health scores than behavioral scores; • Diet and physical activity are the components that presented the lowest scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]