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Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) gives information about the relative weight for a given height based upon age and sex. The objective of this study was to assess BMI among medical students and to determine the related risk factors including diet and lifestyle. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from March 15, 2015 to May 15, 2015. A sample of 100 subjects was selected by consecutive technique. Study instrument was a questionnaire. The demographic variables were gender, age groups, dietary habits and stress effect on diet whereas research variable was BMI. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis plan. Results: Out of 100 subjects, 69(69%) were in normal range, 22(22%) were overweight and 3(3%) obese and 6(6%) were underweight. Males were 50(50%) and females 50(50%). Sixty four(64%) males were normal, 32(32%) were overweight, 4(4%) were obese and none was underweight. Seventy four (74%) of female respondents were normal, 12(12%) were overweight, 2(2%) were obese and 12(12%) were underweight. In the age group 18-20 years, 20(20%) were normal, 4(4%) were overweight and 1(1%) was obese and 3(3%) were underweight. Among the respondents that had no serving per day of fatty food, 44(44%) were normal, 7(7%) were overweight, 3(3%) were obese and 3(3%) were underweight. Among respondents whose diet was not affected during stress 2(2%) were underweight, 12(12%) were normal, none were obese and 5(5%) were overweight. Conclusion: Female students 21-23 years, having no serving of fatty food per day & whose diet decreased during strees showed better BMI. This study reflects the general trend of weight gain especially in male students.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated factors among medical undergraduates of Northern Border University. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 medical undergraduates of Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia from August 2023 to October 2023. Data on demographic details and anthropometric measurements were collected. Complete lipid profile and blood glucose levels were measured after at least 8-h fast. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recommendations were utilized for diagnosing MetS. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0. Group differences were analyzed using Chi-square test and Post hoc analysis. Results: The estimated overall prevalence of MetS was 21.5 %. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was more prevalent among older students (37.36 %) and obese students (45.28 %) than among younger and non-obese students. Female students had a higher prevalence of MetS (29 %) than their male counterparts (14 %). The most frequent risk factors for MetS were elevated waist circumference (36 %) and low HDL levels (33 %). The majority of students (76.7 %) with high waist circumference had 2 or more risk factors for MetS. Students with a positive family history of hypertension and obesity showed greater prevalence of MetS. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated a high prevalence of MetS among young adults in Arar, Saudi Arabia. High prevalence of obesity and elevated waist circumference suggests that early and targeted interventions are required to prevent the development of MetS and cardiovascular risk in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the symptoms, demographic parameters and health profile of post-menopausal women and factors related to the deranged health profile. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Aug 2021. Methodology: Five hundred post-menopausal women were included in this study via convenience sampling. Menopause was confirmed based on clinical and laboratory information. A consultant Gynecologist inquired about details of clinical symptoms and demographic profile. Relationship of age, body mass index, use of hormonal replacement therapy and living with husband was assessed with the presence of deranged health profile among the post-menopausal women participating in this study. Results: Out of 500 post-menopausal women studied in the given period, 323 (64.6%) had at least one clinical symptom of a deranged health profile, while 177 (35.4%) did not report any such symptom. The mean age of the study participants was 58.47 ± 4.561 years. Hot flushes 200 (40%) were the most commonly reported symptoms, followed by urinary tract infections 121 (24.2%) and palpitations 121 (24.2%). After applying the statistical analysis, high body mass index and not using hormonal replacement therapy emerged as factors associated with deranged health profiles in the study participants (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Most of the women had at least one clinical symptom after menopause. Hot flushes, urinary tract infections and palpitations were commonly reported symptoms. Patients with high body mass index and no hormonal replacement therapy were more likely to have a deranged post-menopausal health profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of L-Arginine versus placebo in the prevention of pre eclampsia in high-risk pregnancies. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: November 2019 to February 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 130 women were included in the study. 65 patients were in L-arginine group or Group A while 65 patients were in placebo group or Group B. In group A, women were prescribed L-arginine 300 grams (Amino Whey Sachet) once a day until delivery and in group B; women were given homologated placebo (starch) once a day until delivery. Efficacy (no preeclampsia occurs during pregnancy) was noted from both groups and recorded. Mean ±SD was presented for quantitative variables like age, gestational age, parity, duration of chronic hypertension, weight, height and BMI. Variables such as age, parity, hypertension, body mass index, gestational age and duration of hypertension were stratified to assess their effect on efficacy. Chi square test was used to make comparison of the efficacy in both groups as well as for post-stratification for both groups. A p value of less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: In L-arginine group efficacy was 92.3% as compared to 69.2% in placebo group (p< 0.000) Table-IV. Conclusion: It can be concluded that L-arginine when given orally at the dose of 300g daily has a considerable role in prevention of pre-eclampsia in pregnant patients with high risk and also has a role in reduction of severity of pre-eclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of cervical cerclage with vaginal progesterone in patients with cervical insufficiency. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Methodology: The study involved 188 pregnant women with cervical insufficiency reporting in outpatient Department. After taking informed consent, the outcome variables age, number of mid-trimester pregnancy losses, body mass index and gestational age were recorded on specially designed proforma. Efficacy as if pregnancy was carried to 37 weeks of gestation was recorded. 93 patients were inducted in cerclage arm and 95 patients were treated with vaginal progesterone 400 mg once daily. Results: The mean age of the patients with cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone was 31.622 ± 1.90 years and 31.42 ± 1.86 years respectively, while mean gestational age of cervical cerclage group was 21.840 ± 1.46 weeks and vaginal progesterone was 21.46 ± 1.52 weeks. The mean number of mid-trimester pregnancy losses with cervical cerclage was 2.39 ± 0.63 and vaginal progesterone was 2.44 ± 0.84. The mean body mass index of cervical cerclage group was 27.84 ± 1.86 kg/m2 and vaginal progesterone group was 28.01 ± 1.7 kg/m2. Efficacy in cervical cerclage group was seen in 79 (84.9%) patients and in 82 (86.3%) patients in vaginal progesterone group. Conclusion: Prophylactic cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone were equally effective in preventing preterm birth in patients with high risk of cervical insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the pervasiveness and severity of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) in educated urban females and analyze the relationship of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome with depression, age, education and Body Mass Index (BMI). Study Design: Cross sectional exploratory study Place and Duration: Lahore College for Women University from 1st May 2015 to 31st May 2016. Methodology: Women of age between 16 and 53 were enrolled through purposive sampling. A self-constructed questionnaire was used which comprised questions related to severity and intensity of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome and depression symptoms. Sociodemographic variables such as age, education, marital status, weight and height were also asked. Results: The mean age for onset of menstruation was 13.36 ± SD 1.77 years. Backache, headache and depression were most reported symptoms. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome appeared to be correlated with increasing age and education level (P-value of <0.05). Severe Pre-Menstrual Syndrome group reported significantly high depression (P-value of <0.01). Pre-Menstrual Syndrome remained non-significant with BMI (P-value of >0.05). Conclusion: All participants reported different levels of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome. Age, education, Pre-menstrual syndrome and depression observed to be related to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) gives information about the relative weight for a given height based upon age and sex. The objective of this study was to assess BMI among medical students and to determine the related risk factors including diet and lifestyle. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from March 15, 2015 to May 15, 2015. A sample of 100 subjects was selected by consecutive technique. Study instrument was a questionnaire. The demographic variables were gender, age groups, dietary habits and stress effect on diet whereas research variable was BMI. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis plan. Results: Out of 100 subjects, 69(69%) were in normal range, 22(22%) were overweight and 3(3%) obese and 6(6%) were underweight. Males were 50(50%) and females 50(50%). Sixty four(64%) males were normal, 32(32%) were overweight, 4(4%) were obese and none was underweight. Seventy four (74%) of female respondents were normal, 12(12%) were overweight, 2(2%) were obese and 12(12%) were underweight. In the age group 18-20 years, 20(20%) were normal, 4(4%) were overweight and 1(1%) was obese and 3(3%) were underweight. Among the respondents that had no serving per day of fatty food, 44(44%) were normal, 7(7%) were overweight, 3(3%) were obese and 3(3%) were underweight. Among respondents whose diet was not affected during stress 2(2%) were underweight, 12(12%) were normal, none were obese and 5(5%) were overweight. Conclusion: Female students 21-23 years, having no serving of fatty food per day & whose diet decreased during strees showed better BMI. This study reflects the general trend of weight gain especially in male students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]