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Background: Age determination of individual is important in number of opportunities like education, sports, and medico-legal factors. Ossification centres of bones play vital role in age determination. It is accepted in court of law. Method: 45 Boys and 45 Girls (total 90) children aged between 11 to 18 years were studied radiologically and classified their numbers as per age and sex, Appearance and fusion of bones of elbow joints. Results: Equal number of boys and girls were selected from 11 years to 18 years of age. Appearance of trochlea at 11 years appeared only in girls. Fusion of trochlea was 14 to 15 years in boys, 12 to 14 years in girls. Appearance of lateral epicondyle was 11 to 12 year in boys and 11 year in girls. Fusion of lateral epicondyle was 13 to 16 years in boys and 13 to 14 years in Girls. Fusion of medial epicondyle 14 to 16 years in boys, 11 to 15 years in girls. Fusion of head of radius 11 to 16 years in boys and 11 to 13 in girls. Appearance of olecranon process- 11 to 13 years in boys and 11 years in girls. Fusionof olecranon process 17 to 18 years in boys and 15 to 16 years in girls. Conclusion: This pragmatic radiological study of elbow joint between 11 to 18 years has regional, environmental, anatomical, anthropological and medico-legal importance because morphometric values of mesodermal origin are uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from identification, determination of age is required in various civil and criminal cases. Age estimation by observing appearance and fusion of ossification centres is most accurate and reliable method which is implemented universally. However, it is not possible to establish a uniform standard for age estimation from appearance and fusion of ossification centres for whole India as there is disparity in the timing of appearance and fusion of ossification centres in Indian population due to various factors. Hence, this descriptive observational study was conducted to estimate average age of fusion of ossification centres at lower end of radius and ulna in male population of North East Madhya Pradesh. Total 80 cases in the age group of 12 to 20 years attending the OPD of this tertiary care centre were included in the study. X-rays of both wrists were taken in anteroposterior view at Dept. of Radiology after taking written informed witnessed consent from parents and legal guardians of patients and examined in Dept. of Forensic Medicine. Age of fusion of lower end of radius and ulna is found to be 17-18 years in males of North East Madhya Pradesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bone age estimation is very useful in children undergoing epiphysiodesis or guided growth surgery especially during the years of accelerated growth. It may be noted that no data are available on bone age estimation for Indian children of this age group. Sauvegrain (French) method is a very useful and simple method for bone age assessment during the years of accelerated growth. We decided to check the usefulness and the accuracy of the Sauvegrain method in Indian children. Materials and methods: A team of two pediatric orthopaedic surgeons and a radiologist scored elbow X-rays of 80 healthy children (40 boys and 40 girls), using the Sauvegrain method twice. Interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the Sauvegrain scoring were assessed. Results: There was a very strong correlation between all observers in both rounds (r = > 0.8) and an excellent reproducibility by the same observer in both rounds (r = 0.955). Chronological and bone age are considered the same if the difference between them is less than 6 months. With this criterion bone and chronological ages matched in > 37% of boys and girls, similar to the study done in French children. In the nonmatching group, more children had delayed bone age compared to their chronological age. Conclusion: The Sauvegrain method of bone age assessment described for French children was found to be useful in estimating bone age in Indian children. It is especially helpful in the clinical practice for detecting mismatch between the chronological and the radiological age before undertaking guided growth or epiphysiodesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correct age determination has of great importance in legal prosecution. The principle means, which enable one to form a fairly accurate opinion about age of an individual are general physical development, dentition, secondary sex characters and ossification of bones. Among them Radiological examination of ossification process is most accurate than any other method up to 25 years of age. This study involves radiological examination of Pelvis (AP view) of 169 individuals for the study of age related appearance and fusion of ossification center of Iliac Crest in the individuals of age group of 14-22 years of both male and female in S P Medical college, Bikaner, Rajasthan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age estimation of an individual is of medico legal importance in both civil & criminal cases. Ossification centres appear & fuse in a fairly definite sequence at a particular age group from which age of an individual can be determined. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the stage of epiphyseal union at shoulder joint & biological age in Chhattisgarh population. The study was carried out in 100 healthy subjects (40 girls and 60 boys) aging from 13 to 20 years. The obtained results from the radiographs revealed that the complete fusion of epiphysis of shoulder joint is seen at 18-20 years. Females were consistently developing epiphyseal union at a younger age than their male counterparts, with two years of difference. Results also suggest that the age of epiphyseal union is found to vary greatly all over the world indicating the need for separate standards of age of epiphyseal union for separate regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Determining the age of a person in the absence of documentary evidence of birth is essential for legal and medico-legal purpose. Fishman method of skeletal maturation is widely used for this purpose; however, the reliability of this method for people with all geographic locations is not well-established. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we assessed various stages of carpal and metacarpal bone maturation and tested the reliability of Fishman method of skeletal maturation to estimate the age in South Indian population. We also evaluated the correlation between the chronological age (CA) and predicted age based on the Fishman method of skeletal maturation. Materials and Methods: Digital right hand-wrist radiographs of 330 individuals aged 9-20 years were obtained and the skeletal maturity stage for each subject was determined using Fishman method. The skeletal maturation indicator scores were obtained and analyzed with reference to CA and sex. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software package (version 12, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The study subjects had a tendency toward late maturation with the mean skeletal age (SA) estimated being significantly lowers (P < 0.05) than the mean CA at various skeletal maturity stages. Nevertheless, significant correlation was observed in this study between SA and CA for males (r = 0.82) and females (r = 0.85). Interestingly, female subjects were observed to be advanced in SA compared with males. Conclusion: Fishman method of skeletal maturation can be used as an alternative tool for the assessment of mean age of an individual of unknown CA in South Indian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights a study on the radiological bone age assessment by appearance of ossification centres in children in India. The results were compared with Greulich-Pyle (GP) standard and other studies in the country. It was found that female bone maturity is 1 year earlier but maturity in some male bones coincides with age while it is delayed by a year or more in others.