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Objective: Sinus floor elevation with lateral approach is probably the most frequently performed reconstructive procedure to rehabilitate posterior maxilla when a bone deficiency is present. Different graft materials have been proposed and tested, often with high clinical performances and predictable results. Histological analysis is required when evaluating new materials. We investigated human biopsies retrieved after sinus floor elevation procedure by histomorphometric evaluation to test the performance of an equine-derived bone grafting material., Study Design: Seventeen consecutive patients were enrolled and sinus lift surgeries were performed using an equine bone graft. Six months after surgery, at implant placement, bone samples were collected. Histomorphometry analysis was carried out on decalcified samples., Results: All surgeries were uneventful and no additional grafting was required prior to implant insertion. Forty percent of new bone formation was detected, which represented the most abundant tissue retrieved, followed by the residual graft material (33%) and fibrous tissue (27%). A significant reduction in particles size demonstrates a remodeling activity of the graft material., Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, this equine-derived bone graft proved to be an effective material to induce new bone formation in the sinus floor elevation procedure.

Purpose: This randomized controlled trial compared fresh-frozen versus autologous bone blocks for maxillary horizontal ridge augmentation in patients with Cawood and Howell class IV atrophies., Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients were allocated to the autologous and fresh-frozen groups in a 1:1 ratio. Patients underwent computed tomography scans 1 week and 6 months after surgery for graft volume and density analysis. Doxycycline was administered at day 120 and day 150 to label new bone formation. Biopsy for histologic and histomorphometric analyses was performed at reentry for implant insertion, 6 months after grafting., Results: Fresh-frozen grafts had lower density than autologous bone. Autologous and fresh-frozen grafts lost, respectively, 25% and 52% of their initial volume (p = .0041). Histology revealed the presence of newly formed bone within both graft types, but clear signs of inflammation were present in fresh-frozen blocks., Conclusions: According to these 6-month results, autologous bone blocks are preferable to fresh-frozen bone grafts., (© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Trial Design: This analysis compared the outcome of fresh-frozen versus autologous bone block grafts for horizontal ridge augmentation in patients with Cawood and Howell class IV atrophies., Methods: Seventeen patients received autologous grafts and 21 patients received fresh-frozen bone grafts. Patients underwent CT scans 1 week and 6 months after surgery for graft volume and density analysis., Results: Two autologous and 3 fresh-frozen grafts failed. Autologous and fresh-frozen grafts lost, respectively, 28% and 46% of their initial volume (P = 0.028). It is noteworthy that less dense fresh-frozen blocks lost more volume than denser grafts (61% versus 16%)., Conclusions: According to these 6-month results, only denser fresh-frozen bone graft may be an acceptable alternative to autologous bone for horizontal ridge augmentation. Further studies are needed to investigate its behaviour at longer time points.