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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different storage media on angiogenesis and maintaining autogenous bone graft volume in rabbits., Material and Methods: Two grafts were removed bilaterally from the calvaria of 18 rabbits. One graft was removed and immediately fixed in the right mandibular angle (control group). The other graft was stored for 30 minutes in 1 of the following storage media (n = 6): saline solution (saline group), air exposure (dry group), or platelet-poor plasma (PPP group) and then retained by a screw in the right mandibular angle in the same animal. Four weeks later the animals were euthanized, and the grafted areas were harvested, fixed in 10% phosphate buffered formaldehyde solution, and embedded in paraffin. The 5-μm semi-serial sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory trichrome., Results: Histologic analysis of all groups showed the bone graft was vascularized and well incorporated into the recipient site. The number of blood vessels decreased in the saline and dry groups compared with the control group (P < .03); in contrast, the number of blood vessels increased in the PPP group (P < .05). There were fewer osteoclasts in the saline group compared with the control group (P < .05). Furthermore, the saline group showed larger numbers of blood vessels than the dry group (P < .01). The PPP group showed larger bone graft volumes compared with the dry and saline groups (P < .01). In addition, the saline group showed larger bone graft volumes than the dry group (P < .01)., Conclusions: PPP improved angiogenesis, maintained the volume of the autogenous bone graft, and was a better storage medium during the trans-surgical period than the dry and saline media., (Copyright © 2018 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The success of autogenous bone graft is related to the graft cell viability. In bone-grafting procedures, harvested grafts are often maintained in extraoral media while the recipient site is prepared. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the effect of storage media over autogenous bone grafts during the transsurgical time. Two grafts were removed bilaterally from the calvaria of 18 rabbits. One graft was immediately fixed in the mandibular angle (control group), and the other was maintained in air exposure (dry group), 0.9% NaCl solution (saline group), or platelet-poor plasma (PPP group) during 30 minutes and stabilized in the symmetrical location of control grafts. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized and the bone fragments were removed, demineralized, and embedded in paraffin. Histological evaluation was performed under light microscope. Empty lacunae and bone graft area quantification were carried out for the sections. The histomorphometrical analysis revealed reduction of the graft area and increase of empty lacunae in the dry group when compared with control. No significant differences were found in the number of empty lacunae or bone graft area between the saline group and its control and also between the PPP group and its control. The dry group showed more empty lacunae and less graft area than the saline and PPP groups. In accordance with the results, PPP and physiologic solution demonstrated osteocyte preservation and bone graft area maintenance, being satisfactory storage media for autogenous bone grafts during the transsurgical period.

Background: Reconstruction of mandibular defects after tumor resection is a challenge to the head and neck surgeon because of associated functional and esthetic problems. The intention of mandibular reconstructive surgery is to achieve maximum possible functionality, which means the restoration of masticatory function and speech with a good esthetic result. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is already a well-accepted adjunct in the treatment of extensive bone defects. It has been shown to enhance osteogenesis and improve soft tissue wound healing in a variety of circumstances., Case Report: The following case report describes a 29-year-old woman who was diagnosed with mandibular ameloblastoma. The treatment of choice is resection with mandibular base maintenance. The patient underwent 10 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and subsequent nonvascularized iliac crest graft. Six months after, mandibular reconstruction is possible to observe the preservation of mandibular contouring and facial esthetics. A panoramic radiograph revealed good positioning of the bone graft and volume maintenance., Discussion: The mandibular reconstruction is extremely important for the rehabilitation of the patient who underwent bone resection. The restoration of mandibular function and facial esthetics is essential to maintain the quality of life. The use of HBO in mandibular reconstruction is an important adjunct to successful treatment, however, more studies are needed to establish the best modalities of rehabilitation.

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate morbidity and possible complications in augmentation procedures before implant placement., Methods: Records from 93 consecutive patients with indication for autogenous bone grafting before implant placement, treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology of Uberlândia Federal University, in a 7-year period (July 2000 until July 2007), were reviewed. The need for bone grafting was defined by the impossibility of installing implants of adequate length or diameter to fulfill prosthetic requirements or for aesthetic reasons., Results: A total of 136 bone grafting procedures were performed. The mandibular external oblique line and ascending ramus were the most frequently used donor areas (59.64%) and block grafts (67.64%) were the most frequently used type of graft, frequently from the mandibular external oblique line/ascending ramus (52.18%). Platelet-rich plasma was used in 20.1% of all procedures, usually associated with particulate bone grafts. Maxillary procedures represented the majority of surgeries (75%), but with fewer complications compared with the mandible. Sinus mucosa perforation was the most frequent complication in maxillary procedures, whereas graft exposure was the most common complication in mandible., Conclusions: Alveolar reconstruction using autogenous bone followed by implant placement is a reliable treatment for patients with insufficient bone. Complications and morbidity were frequently observed. However, in only 6.6% of all procedures, the final rehabilitation with dental implants was not possible.