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Kültür varlıklarının korunması ve varlığını sürdürmesi için gerçekleştirilen konservasyon çalışmaları doğru bir metodolojiye dayanmalıdır. Farklı malzeme ve tekniklerle oluşturulan eserler içerisinde el yazması eserler, sanatsal ve tarihi öneminin yanı sıra önemli bir bilgi taşıyıcılık misyonu üstlenmektedir. Yazının icadından sonra taş, metal, kil, tekstil gibi farklı yazı zeminleri kullanılmıştır. En önemli yazı zemini olan kâğıdın icadı yazılı kültürün gelişmesini ve yüzyıllar boyunca aktarılmasını hızlandırmıştır. Geleneksel kâğıt yapımında kullanılan hammadelerin doğadan kolayca elde edilebilmesi, taşınmasının kolay olması, bir araya getirilebilir olması kâğıt kullanımını yaygınlaştıran etkenlerden sadece birkaçıdır. El yazması eserler organik kökenli malzemelerin bir araya getirilmesi ile oluşmaktadır. Bu nedenle diğer malzeme gruplarına oranla bozulma süreci daha hızlıdır. Genel olarak geriye dönüşümü pek mümkün olmayan bozulmalar fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik değişimlere neden olarak eserin orijinal bütünlüğünü bozmaktadır. Bu bozulmaların boyutu ve ilerlemesi farklı ortam şartlarına göre değişebilmektedir. Eserin üretim teknolojisinin yanı sıra içinde bulunduğu çevresel koşulların (sıcaklık, nem, ışık gibi) da bozulmaların değerlendirilmesinde ele alınması gerekmektedir. Her ne kadar tahribatı geriye döndürmek mümkün olmasa da ilerlemesini durdurmak ve yeniden bozulmasına neden olacak koşulları ortadan kaldırmak mümkündür. Bu nedenle konservasyon metodunu belirlemeden önce detaylı bir belgeleme ve analiz çalışmasının yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda tez çalışmasında yazının tarihsel gelişimi hakkında geniş bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Kil tabletler, papirüs, parşömen ve kâğıdın tarihçesi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan eserin belgelemesi detaylı olarak yapılmıştır. Xrf spektroskopisi, Raman spektroskopisi, Lif analizi, pH ölçüm değerleri, Kolorimetre, dijital mikroskop ile inceleme analizleri konservasyon çalışmalarına başlamadan önce incelenmiş olup sonuç ve değerlendirmeler tez çalışmasında sunulmuştur. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda yapılacak müdahaleler tespit edilerek aşamalı olarak aktarılmıştır., Conservation studies carried out for the protection and survival of cultural assets should be based on a correct methodology. Among the works created with different materials and techniques, manuscripts, besides their artistic and historical importance, undertake an important information carrier mission. After the invention of writing, different writing grounds such as stone, metal, clay, textile, etc. were used. The invention of paper, which is the most important writing ground, accelerated the development of written culture and its transmission for centuries. The fact that the raw materials used in traditional papermaking can be easily obtained from nature, are easy to transport, and can be combined are just a few of the factors that make the use of paper widespread. Manuscripts are composed of materials of organic origin. For this reason, the deterioration process is faster compared to other material groups. In general, irreversible deteriorations cause physical, chemical and biological changes, thus disrupting the original integrity of the work. The extent and progression of these deteriorations can vary according to different environmental conditions. In addition to the production technology of the work, the environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light) should also be considered in the evaluation of deterioration. Although it is not possible to reverse the destruction, it is possible to stop its progress and eliminate the conditions that will cause it to deteriorate again. For this reason, a detailed documentation and analysis should be done before determining the conservation method. In this context, a wide literature review about the historical development of writing was made in the thesis study. The history of clay tablets, papyrus, parchment and paper was investigated. The work used in the study was documented in detail. Xrf spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fiber analysis, pH measurement values, colorimeter, digital microscope analysis analyzes were examined before starting the conservation studies, and the results and evaluations were presented in the thesis study. As a result of these evaluations, the interventions to be made were determined and transferred gradually.

Ali Fuad Başgil kişiliği, fikirleri ve mücadelesiyle günümüze ışık tutan hukukçu, siyasetçi ve bir düşünürdür. Bu makalede, Ali Fuad Başgil ve eserleri üzerine yapılmış çalışmaların bibliyografik bilgileri yer almaktadır. Bibliyografya oluşturulurken, doğrudan Başgil’i konu alan kitaplar, sempozyum bildirileri, makaleler, lisans ve lisansüstü tezler, kitap bölümleri ve ansiklopedik maddeler dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 249 adet çalışma tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmaların 4’ü (%2’si) İngilizce, 245’i (%98’i) Türkçe yayımlanmıştır. 2010 yılından sonra Başgil ile ilgili sempozyumların düzenlenmesi, armağan kitapların hazırlanması ve tez çalışmalarının yapılması düşünürümüze dair çalışmaların bariz bir şekilde artmasını sağlamıştır. Bibliyografik bilgiler, yazar soyadı ve adı esas alınarak alfabetik sıraya göre verilmiştir. Bir yazarın birden fazla çalışması varsa, bunlar yayımlandığı tarih sırasına göre listelenmiştir., Ali Fuad Başgil is a jurist, politician and thinker who sheds light on the present day with his personality, ideas and struggle. This article contains bibliographic information about the studies on Ali Fuad Başgil and his works. While creating the bibliography, books, symposium papers, articles, undergraduate and graduate theses, book chapters and encyclopedic articles directly on Başgil were included. Within the scope of the research, 249 studies were identified. 4 (2%) of these studies were published in English and 245 (98%) were published in Turkish. Organizing symposiums about Başgil, preparing gift books, and conducting thesis studies after 2010 significantly increased the number of studies on our thinker. Bibliographic information is given in alphabetical order based on the surname and name of the author. If an author has more than one work, they are listed in order of publication.

The project Language of the Book Volume I-III explores the conceptual and the bodily experience of reading and making books. The essay presents the development of Volume I: Narracube consisting of three storytelling prototypes. With Narracube a format was developed that can invite stories to be told beyond single voices, linear time and fixed points of views. Narracube highlights the active role of a medium in transmission of a message. A book is never a neutral container for ink but an active space of communication in its mere contruction despite its content. Projektet Bokens språk Volume I-III utforskar den konceptuella och kroppsliga upplevelsen av att läsa och göra böcker. Uppsatsen presenterar utvecklingen av Volume I: Narrakub som består av tre prototyper för berättande. Narrakub är ett format som utvecklats för att undersöka hur konstruktionen av boken kan bjuda in berättelser bortom enstaka röster, linjär tid och låsta perspektiv. Narrakub belyser den aktiva rollen som ett medium har då det sänder ett meddelande. En bok är aldrig en neutral behållare för bläck utan bär på ett aktivt kommunikationsutrymme i sin konstruktion oavsett innehåll.

Background: Peer review of university classroom teaching can increase the quality of teaching but is not universally practiced in Australian universities. Aim: To report an evaluation of paired peer-review process using both paper and web based teaching evaluation tools. Methods: Twenty university teachers in one metropolitan Australian School of Nursing and Midwifery were randomly paired and then randomly assigned to a paper based or web-based peer review tool. Each teacher reviewed each other's classroom teaching as part of a peer review program. The participants then completed an 18 question survey evaluating the peer review tool and paired evaluation process. Responses were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Results: Regardless of the tool used, participants found this process of peer review positive (75%), collegial (78%), supportive (61%) and non-threatening (71%). Participants reported that the peer review will improve their own classroom delivery (61%), teaching evaluation (61%) and planning (53%). The web-based tool was found to be easier to use and allowed more space than the paper-based tool. Conclusion: Implementation of a web-based paired peer review system can be a positive method of peer review of university classroom teaching. Pairing of teachers to review each other's classroom teaching is a promising strategy and has the potential to improve teaching in teaching universities. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This paper sets out to underline the important role of Hispano-Arabic culture in the technological advances related to the different techniques of bookmaking: parchment, paper and binding. As the subject is quite broad we shall only outline a few important questions, as most of the studies in these matters, paradoxical though it may seem, have been carried outside Spain (most of them in France, as we can see by the bibliography quoted). It would therefore be very interesting if the new generations of Spanish scholars became interested in studying this subject in depth, since these advances and their expansion throughout the Mediterranean gave rise to the cultural flowering of the Renaissance.Este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto la importancia que tuvo la cultura hispano-árabe para los avances tecnológicos producidos en las diferentes técnicas implicadas en la elaboración del libro: pergamino, papel y encuadernación. Somos conscientes que, dada la amplitud del tema, sólo vamos a esbozar una serie de cuestiones que consideramos fundamentales ya que la mayoría de los estudios sobre estas materias, aunque parezca paradójico, se han realizado fuera de nuestras fronteras, sobre todo en Francia, como podemos ver por la bibliografía citada. Por lo tanto sería muy interesante que las nuevas generaciones de estudiosos españoles se interesaran en profundizar en estas materias ya que estos avances y su expansión por todo el Mediterráneo dieron lugar a la eclosión cultural del Renacimiento.

Juraj Dalmatin’s Bible from 1584 is the first Slovene translation of a complete Bible. It is the greatest achievement of the Reformation period in Slovenia. The book is a Slovene cultural monument of the highest category and is an extraordinary work, considering both the content and the material it was made of. The copy of the Dalmatin Bible presented and analyzed in this paper was in active use for a very long time, the proof of which are the severe signs of damage caused by frequent use and inappropriate storage in the past. The conservation-restoration intervention was necessary because both the text block and the binding were badly damaged. The main purpose of the intervention was to examine the structure and materials, conserve and restore the leaves of the text block, restore the binding and conserve as much as possible the originality of the book., Dalmatinova Biblija iz 1584. prvi je slovenski prijevod cjelokupne Biblije. Najveće je dostignuće razdoblja reformacije u Sloveniji. Knjiga je slovenski kulturni spomenik najviše kategorije i izvaredno je djelo s obzirom na sadržaj i s obzirom na materijal. Primjerak Dalmatinove Biblije kojim se bavi rad, dugo je vremena bio u aktivnoj uporabi, što su potvrdili brojni primjeri oštećenja uzorovanih čestom upotrebom i neodgovarajućom pohranom u prošlosti. Konzervatorsko-restauratorska intervencija bila je neophodna zbog znatnog oštećenja knjižnog bloka i uveza. Glavna svrha intervencije bila je ispitati stukturu i materijale, konzervirati i restaurirati listove knjižnog bloka, restaurirati uvez i konzervirati na što je dulje moguće izvornost knjige.

This paper sets out to underline the important role of Hispano-Arabic culture in the technological advances related to the different techniques of bookmaking: parchment, paper and binding. As the subject is quite broad we shall only outline a few important questions, as most of the studies in these matters, paradoxical though it may seem, have been carried outside Spain (most of them in France, as we can see by the bibliography quoted). It would therefore be very interesting if the new generations of Spanish scholars became interested in studying this subject in depth, since these advances and their expansion throughout the Mediterranean gave rise to the cultural flowering of the Renaissance. Este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto la importancia que tuvo la cultura hispano-árabe para los avances tecnológicos producidos en las diferentes técnicas implicadas en la elaboración del libro: pergamino, papel y encuadernación. Somos conscientes que, dada la amplitud del tema, sólo vamos a esbozar una serie de cuestiones que consideramos fundamentales ya que la mayoría de los estudios sobre estas materias, aunque parezca paradójico, se han realizado fuera de nuestras fronteras, sobre todo en Francia, como podemos ver por la bibliografía citada. Por lo tanto sería muy interesante que las nuevas generaciones de estudiosos españoles se interesaran en profundizar en estas materias ya que estos avances y su expansión por todo el Mediterráneo dieron lugar a la eclosión cultural del Renacimiento.

Appendices in English available at http://sustainablecommunications.org/bok/ QC 20101013 Books from an environmental perspective

This work reports the first application of the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD) for the characterization of old and modern papers. Based on structural and compositional differences observed among various types of paper and building an appropriate database we expect to be able to rapidly identify the provenance of the paper itself using a fast non-destructive technique. This result is quite promising in the field of art conservation and archaeometry.

As a result of a cultural resource investigation of the Gila River Farms expansion area conducted by Archaeological Consulting Services Ltd. (ACS), a number of significant cultural resources were identified within the project area. Of particular interest was cultural material associated with the World War II Japanese-American internment camp of Camp Rivers. This camp was used between May, 1942 and November 1945 and housed approximately 12.000 Japanese and Nisei (Japanese-Americans born and educated in the United States). The camp was named after Jim Rivers who was the first Native American of Piman descent to be killed in action during World War I. The camp was divided into two units: Butte and Canal camps. The project area surrounds the larger of these units, Butte Camp. Butte Camp covered approximately 789.25 acres (319 .4 ha) at the foot of Sacaton Butte. The camp was divided into a series of blocks, each with a requisite set of facilities for housing and feeding for 300 persons. A block characteristically had 14 barracks. one mess hall, a recreation hall. a laundry and ironing room. and two latrines. The complex also included a hospital, administrative offices, warehouses. auto repair shops, a post office, a camouflage net factory, a school, and other common use facilities. A review of the project by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Reclamation, Gila River Indian Community, and State Historic Preservation Office resulted in the recommendation that further data recovery be undertaken in order to mitigate potential effects of the project. A plan designed to recover further information primarily from the remains associated with Butte Camp was developed by Dr. Richard Effland, Dr. Margerie Green, and Ms . Monique Sawyer-Lang of ACS. This plan involved a number of specific tasks to assure that the important qualities of the cultural material within the project would be preserved through recordation and documentation prior to construction. These tasks initially were defined at a meeting held on March 1, 1988 which was attended by representatives of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Reclamation, State Historic Preservation Office, Gila River Indian Community, Gila River Farms, Franzoy-Corey Engineers and Architects, and Archaeological Consulting Services. ACS initially had investigated an area which covers approximately 5,625 acres (2276 ha) south of Casa Blanca on the Gila River Indian Community. The purpose of this investigation was to identify potentially significant historic and/or prehistoric cultural properties which might be affected by development of the area. While the main portion of the Butte Camp has been excluded from development by the Gila River Farms, several peripheral components of the camp will be affected. These components include deposits of trash which appeared to be relatively isolated within the desert surrounding Butte Camp as well remains of the camp' s dairy. These remains were considered components of Camp Rivers. the whole of which is potentially eligible for National Register inclusion. Deposits of trash from the Butte Camp were identified surrounding the north and east sides of the camp. These areas were located north of Seed Farm Road in an area which was surveyed intensively. Areas to the southeast and south of the camp (south of Seed Farm Road) were not surveyed during the initial survey, but it is assumed that the remains extended into these areas. In order to fully delineate the extent of the trash scatter surrounding the camp, an intensive 100% survey of the previously unsurveyed portions of area southeast and south of the camp, was performed. This survey defined more deposits of trash as expected. The purpose of this survey was not only to delineate the full boundaries of this scatter of trash, but also to define any other unknown components which may relate to the World War II Japanese-American internment camp. Data relating to prehistoric remains within the area were also collected as warranted. As was expected, isolated prehistoric artifacts and limited scatters of prehistoric artifacts were encountered along with the historic period remains. None of these meet the criteria for eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. Recordation during the survey has provided documentation on the distribution and nature of the prehistoric phenomena. A pattern reflecting travel and limited use of the area is suggested. This is similar to the pattern found throughout the project area.

Letter concerning a position in horticulture and botany at Utah Agricultural College, copies given to J. C. Blair, J. L. Snyder, and L. H. Bailey.