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Ceuta and Melilla are considered exemplary models of the border spectacle. The fences of these cities typify the notion of ‘Fortress Europe’ and impel the emotional engagement of the inhabitants with migration control policies. This article focuses on the experiences of local activists who have resisted migration containment policies. Through a close examination of the emotional geographies of activism in border areas, and the effect of migration policies on the everyday, this article aims to uncover the civic emotions underlying the lived realities of activists. Furthermore, by addressing the methodological challenges of investigating social emotions, this study integrates visual elicitation methods into ethnographic research. The evocative power of cinema allows films to act as visual stimuli that convey the intimate narratives of activists, which encompass compassion, outrage, or fatigue in the context of pro-migrant mobilization. By drawing on the mundane experiences of borders, this article delves into the intersection of emotions, activism, and borders to elucidate experiences against migration control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have radically turned away from the notion of 'natural borders' dictated by nature and now broadly agree that all borders are 'artificial' human constructs. However, there is a need to revisit environmental determinism in its nuances. We analyse the relation between distinct natural features and historical border development, using the notion of affordances and the example of raised bogs in the medieval and modern-period eastern Low Countries. For humans, bog landscapes in these periods functioned as both barriers and passageways through the spatiotemporal variability of these opposite affordances. At the scale of local settlement territories, large bog landscapes had the coercive agency to function as borderlands separating adjacent communities. Such coercion was absent on the larger spatial scale of princedoms. The growing economic importance of peat was a crucial driver for border demarcation at both scales from the late Middle Ages. Diplomatic risk calculation and path dependency explain the spatial concurrence and long persistence respectively of bog boundaries between successive polities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jaguars carry deep cultural and spiritual significance throughout the Americas, from sports mascots to their associations with Indigenous deities to their veneration as a vulnerable and charismatic megafauna. Though thought to be extinct in the US for much of the twentieth century, they maintain a small but powerful presence along the US/México border region. The continued viability of these jaguar populations is severely threatened by the border walls that the US government has been working to erect since the early 2000s. By examining the entanglements between jaguar and border geographies on the one hand, and racially disposable migrants, Indigenous peoples, and racial capitalism on the other, this article argues that carceral configurations of nation-state borders, conservation, and immigration enforcement are incompatible with liberatory notions of human and nonhuman survival. It poses border abolition that takes seriously the nonhuman, vis-à-vis jaguars, is essential to making abolition geographies and ecologies within and beyond the US/México borderlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how cross-border heritage tourism is promoted in public schools to reimagine Hungary as an ethnically homogeneous nation by incorporating ethnic kin communities that live in neighboring countries. Cross-border heritage tourism has long served to establish strong ties to ethnic diaspora communities that live beyond the territorial borders of the nation-state. National borders in Central and Eastern Europe were repeatedly redrawn across ethnic groups over the twentieth century. Heritage tourism remains a key cultural and economic practice that symbolically questions current national borders and aims to increase the viability of ethnic enclave economies in countries where the given ethnic group is a minority. The article focuses on a large-scale student travel program that was launched by the Hungarian government in 2010, the year that marked the start of a brisk populist turn in Hungarian politics. The program provides funding to public school students for organized class trips to areas of neighboring countries (Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia, and Ukraine) that belonged to the Hungarian state before World War I. It shows how the Hungarian government mobilizes the public education system to foster a narrow and exclusionary ethnic understanding of cultural membership by selectively overemphasizing Hungarian heritage in regions that have had multi-ethnic, multi-religious, and multicultural histories for centuries. This project extends research on identity-based heritage tourism to show how it has become an integral part of the propaganda toolkit of populist governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RISD Museum recently displayed a jumlo (dress) made by a Nuristani woman, an ethnic group native to land that borders modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. The jumlo shows a deep connection to the geographic and cultural past of the region, with traditional embroidered solar and geometric motifs that mirror local pre-Islamic rock art. The textile also reveals how the maker is embedded in the cultural transitions of the mid-twentieth century, displaying coins that date from both before and after the British partition of India. As the British, Indian, Afghan, and Pakistani political interests were all involved in the delineation of political borders in the wake of British colonialism's collapse, the shifting and dividing boundaries left a traumatic legacy visible in the material culture. Now part of a museum collection, the jumlo continues to find these political borders unstable; as it—and other textiles from the same people—are variously labeled as Nuristani, Kohistani, Pakistani, Afghan, Indian, or Dardic. This continued confusion of attributions replicates and risks reinscribing the trauma of the imposition of political boundaries without regard to the cultural, geographical, and historical realities of the women who made the garment. Over 70 years later, this jumlo acts as a witness and documentor of violent processes in Central and South Asia, and can perhaps spark dialogue on personal choices, lives, and trauma within the area today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the representation of racism and immigration and the ways they transform borderline and bordered space into criminal space in two popular Swedish crime novels by Henning Mankell . In Mankell's Firewall and Dogs of Riga, negotiations between individuals and borders realize the interaction between state apparatuses and technology, potentially destabilizing the physical and the virtual border . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We raise in this research various questions about the geographic information provided by Humboldt on his trip to New Spain, influencing the data relating to the scope of the Internal Provinces and their cartographic developments, with the appropriate corrections in astronomical measurements and the situation of some key places; the additional details of hydrography and orography allowed the Prussian sage to outline his own maps on the Mexican Septentrion, in a commendable task, because due to the relative brevity of his stay in the viceroyalty the cartographic work was based (unlike in Venezuela) on the reading and correction of indirect references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions of boundaries have enjoyed a renaissance in anthropological archaeology of recent years, especially as conversations surrounding forced migration and border walls look toward the material record for clarification about what borders are and what they do. Since 1995, when the Annual Review of Anthropology last addressed a similar issue, numerous methodological and conceptual changes in the field have led to a large proliferation in the literature. By framing this review around the work of boundaries, I signal two trends in the field of archaeology with conceptual and methodological implications. The first trend is the increased centrality of materiality as a theoretical register as new questions relating to object agency, human/nonhuman boundaries, and new models of environmental archaeology have populated the literature. In such climates it is important to focus on boundaries as a kind of assemblage of actants that takes on agencies beyond notions of territory. Associated border, crossing, transnational, and refuge assemblages are discussed. The second trend is the increased attention to boundary work in archaeology. In this article I review one thread of that literature, critical cartographies, and how they have used the archaeological record to develop radical renditions of political space where boundaries are involved. I focus on scholarship surrounding the relatively recent past (ca. 1200 CE to the present). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effects of Brexit on the internal boundaries and territorial future of the United Kingdom (UK). Divergent Brexit preferences, coupled with the process of negotiating and preparing for Brexit, have raised new questions about the ability of the UK to remain united. Focusing upon Scotland and Northern Ireland, where territorial challenges are most acute, the article draws upon and adapts Hirschman's voice, exit and loyalty framework to examine the strategic choices and options faced by institutional actors in each case when determining constitutional and political options in response to Brexit. The article contends that, while credible exit threats were used to bolster voice in the Brexit negotiations, the Brexit vote and subsequent process have exposed the limitations of territorial voice, and unleashed new exit dynamics. We enhance the framework by exploring the concept of re-entry, exploring the contrasting paths these territories would face to re-enter the European Union (EU). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rivers prepared the environment for the establishment of civilizations and enabled people to come together and become a society. Throughout history, rivers that have kept people together have also been a natural boundary separating people. Rivers are among the most important geographies of the global struggle due to their geoeconomic, geostrategic and geopolitical importance. From past to present, the world has been divided into various political divisions due to factors such as ethnicity, religion and language, as well as geographical features, geographical discoveries and wars. These divisions are often artificial boundaries imposed arbitrarily. Today, a significant part of the borders on the world have been determined by the pens of the European colonialists in the last century. While determining these boundaries, mostly rivers were accepted as natural boundaries. After the Second World War, many new states were established. The establishment of new states in river basins that were managed under a single administration during the colonial period caused problems with the use of transboundary or border-forming streams. Today, the waters of 263 river basins cross national borders. The number of countries with borders in all or some of these watersheds is 145. 30 of these countries are completely within the borders of these basins. About 40% of the world's population lives in river and lake basins spanning two or more countries. In addition, approximately 2 billion people worldwide are dependent on groundwater, which includes approximately 300 transboundary aquifer systems. Since 1948, there have been violent conflicts over 37 watersheds. On the other hand, approximately 295 international water agreements were signed in the same period. The aim of this study is to investigate the current situation of the rivers forming the border in the world. When the relevant literature on borders is examined, it is seen that a significant part of the studies are related to land borders. Until recently, studies on the boundaries of rivers have been neglected. With this study, which is a descriptive research in the scanning model, it is aimed to contribute to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the eighteenth century, Western European travelers enjoyed unprecedented access to Siberia and many of those who visited believed themselves to have observed a clear boundary between Europe and Asia. This article examines the books of eight such travelers and explores how they categorized those living in Siberia into one of two categories, European or Asian. These travelers interpreted their observations in ways that led them to conclude that a clear binary division existed in the region, separating the European Russian settlers and government from the Asiatic indigenous peoples. Presenting their work as new information, they reproduced older categorizations, repackaged within the scientific language of the Enlightenment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at providing an overview of recent scholarship from the last 3 decades on boundary‐making, borders, and the territorial shaping of modern states between the eighteenth and the twentieth centuries. Scholarship in various languages (namely English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Italian) and from various fields of inquiry will be reviewed in order to highlight their shared themes and common concerns from a comparatist, transdisciplinary, and international perspective. We contend that the field has seen an improvement in knowledge about boundary‐making, methodological changes, and a widening of primary sources and research materials. As a result, conventional narratives on state‐building, as well as the accompanying understanding of boundary lines as the mere result of institutional imposition by central state agencies, have been nuanced and enriched. We claim that expanding on these remarkable outcomes of recent scholarship on boundary‐making would help to further bridge the gap between traditional/geohistorical and postmodern/contemporary approaches to border studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces CShapes 2.0, a GIS dataset that maps the borders of states and dependent territories from 1886 through 2019. Our dataset builds on the previous CShapes dataset and improves it in two ways. First, it extends temporal coverage from 1946 back to the year 1886, which followed the Berlin Conference on the partition of Africa. Second, the new dataset is no longer limited to independent states, but also maps the borders of colonies and other dependencies, thereby providing near complete global coverage of political units throughout recent history. This article explains the coding procedure, provides a preview of the dataset and presents three illustrative applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chains of frontier fortresses and the presence of boundary stelae have understandably encouraged scholars to emphasize parallels between Pharaonic political boundaries and contemporary political borders. However, ancient Egyptian territoriality and conceptions of political boundaries differed in several key ways. First, Pharaonic boundaries were not defined by their permeability, but rather their capacity to be altered by royal action. Second, specific territorial claims were often less vital than the sovereign act of claiming or marking a boundary. Finally, ancient Egyptian boundaries were often discussed in personal terms, as belonging to a particular pharaoh. They were not abstracted, linear features that aspired to an ahistorical permanence, but functioned as powerful, performative displays of political authority in liminal spaces. Recognizing these fundamental differences builds upon the insights of earlier scholarship and provides new perspectives on Pharaonic boundary-making practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking borders to cognition can widen our understandings of space–society relations. In this contribution, border-making will be related to the creation of urban place distinctions and place narratives that create a sense of specific "thereness." The focus is not on cognitive mappings of urban borders as such. Rather, border-making will be revealed as an intersubjective creation of meaning in the guise of socially communicated narratives of place distinction—stories and knowledges of place that reflect embodied experience of place specificity and relationality with regard to wider urban contexts. I argue that the utility of interpreting urban spaces and places in this fashion lies in understanding why borders within society are created and how they become evident in the process of meaning-making. This perspective also helps us understand the significance of place and why cities and their neighbourhoods are continuously appropriated and reappropriated in social, cultural, and political terms. As borders tell stories, border-making itself involves narratives of change and continuity that can reveal much about how places function—or fail to function—as communities. Developing an approach elaborated by Scott and Sohn, examples of urban border-making will be gleaned from Berlin and Warsaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This work addresses the articulation between national States and imperial capitals between 1870 and 1930 to explain state bordering processes, economic modernization, and social uprooting that characterize this cycle. The five contributions included in the dossier are presented at the end, which contribute to a historiographic rethinking of the relationship between States, capitals, and peoples. Methodology: The article examines a diverse bibliographic body on the relationship between national histories, colonization, and borders, with an emphasis on South America in the global colonial context. Originality: The text discusses the stability of national-liberal historiography in the light of border situations and proposes to advance the analytical integration of Latin American colonial realities in their common diversity. Conclusions: National histories contribute to legitimizing a state-centrism that denies the heterogeneous colonial experience and radical inequalities that constitute it. The article proposes to deepen the plurinational, extranational historization of the enormous continuity of border situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A legal geography of borders. By adopting the perspective of law and geography, this article explores the new morphology of borders and places a special emphasis on the role of law in redefining their spatiality. In particular, it identifies three main geo-strategies along which the contemporary border regime is organized, namely, the geo-strategy of nodes, zones and walls. In describing the new legal geography of borders, the article also highlights how the transformations and shifts of the classic Westphalian border regime have impacted on some of the main categories through which borders are legally framed. More specifically, this contribution focuses on jurisdiction, which traditionally represents the convergence point of the complex relationship between territory, sovereignty, and rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I critically review the literature on the Bangladesh-India borderlands to raise a couple of questions: What are the major themes and issues on the Bangladesh-India border? What are the research prospects on the border issues between the two states? Bangladesh and India share a common border of 4096 km, with a range of cross-border issues determining their bilateral relationship and cooperation. Several border issues have not only clouded these relations but have also led to the exchange of fire between the two countries' border security forces over disputed territory. This contribution broadly reviews Bangladesh-India cross-border issues and specifically calls attention to Bangladesh-India cross-border relations in the realm of comparative border research, which will expand our socio-political, economic, geographic and cultural understandings of bordering practices and border policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep neural network algorithms are becoming intimately involved in the politics of the border, and are themselves bordering devices in that they classify, divide and demarcate boundaries in data. Deep learning involves much more than the deployment of technologies at the border, and is reordering what the border means, how the boundaries of political community can be imagined. Where the biometric border rendered the border mobile through its inscription in the body, the deep border generates the racialized body in novel forms that extend the reach of state violence. The deep border is written through the machine learning models that make the world in their own image – as clusters of attributes and feature spaces from which data examples can be drawn. The 'depth' that becomes imaginable in computer science models of the indefinite multiplication of layers in a neural network begins to resonate with state desires for a reach into the attributes of population. The border is spatially reimagined as a set of always possible functions, features, and clusters – as a 'line of best fit' where the fraught politics of the border can be condensed and resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current debates on the future of the European Union tend to privilege statist perspectives according to which geopolitical challenges and internal politicization either spur disintegration, or drive the EU towards more federalist, centralized and externally bounded features. Starting from the EU's multilevel and polycentric architecture, this article investigates how far such federalist dynamics reach out to task-specific, functionalist EU institutions, such as regulatory agencies. Enjoying a certain degree of autonomy from the EU's central, politically encompassing institutions, regulatory agencies have established close ties with third country regulators to tackle interdependence. Based on the comparative analysis of six regulatory agencies representing varying patterns of international interdependence, sectoral politicization and regulatory authority, we show that functionalist pressure for international cooperation indeed sustains fluid boundaries. However, EU central institutions such as the Commission and the Parliament have increasingly claimed control over agencies' external ramifications. The result is enduring functionalist de-bordering, but federally controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borders and bordering practices can be understood as both an act of sovereign authority and establishing the contemporary international system. The drawing of borders also simultaneously legitimizes the state's sovereign authority, creating a political community 'inside' borders through which modern politics takes place. These processes are especially pertinent for settler states such as Canada, whose sovereign authority over its recognized territory is contingent on the erasure of Indigenous sovereignty. However, Indigenous nations reject Canadian claims of settler authority and legitimacy, instead continuing to uphold their own modes of governance and relationships to territory. This contestation of settler territoriality is practiced in various ways, with this article exploring how energy utility governance and infrastructure act as bordering practices--that is, as a productive means of manifesting and demonstrating territorial authority. Through the British Columbia Utilities Commission's Indigenous Utilities Regulation Inquiry, we explore the contestation of territory through what we refer to as 'embedded bordering'. In doing so, we identify a tension between ongoing settler moves to dispossession alongside decolonial potential in the bordermaking practices of energy governance and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collectivus. Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educación y Ciudad is the property of Instituto para la Investigacion Educativa y Desarrollo Pedagogico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amidst the COVID-19 crisis, nation-states closed borders. Borders divide - and intimate difference. In this article, I trace an emergent epidemiological nationalism which intimates a contagious other, taking 'the' border as my (unstable) object. While post-war and post-wall European projects celebrate dismantling borders, bordering continually becomes by saturating space with territoriality. Illustrating epidemiological nationalism's intimately located here and there, I turn an ethnographic gaze to Wales: a nation yet not a state, with a border that cannot be closed. Through the socio-spatial saturate of the Welsh border's enduring (non)existence run frictive, entangled intimacies. Meshing border studies with Lauren Berlant's theorisation of intimacies, I show epidemiology's conscription in imaginatively inscribing a safely state-like Welsh nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report focuses on the imaginaries and practices that demarcate space at the international and supranational scale. I will first review political geographic scholarship on region-making and regionalism, using the studies of Europe and the Belt and Road Initiative as examples, and I will then highlight some central themes in the current research on international borders. The report highlights the flexibility of bounding practices and the polymorphic character of borders. It underscores the resilience of state power and the transformations of sovereignty currently under way. It concludes by underscoring the interdisciplinary character of the relevant work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes how international broadcasters cross all types of borders, physical or conceptual, in order to reach the public and fulfill their role of public diplomacy tool for their countries in a difficult context for international stations and for media in general. We focused on Radio Romania International, which produces and broadcasts programs in 13 languages, aiming at promoting Romania, its domestic and foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the border descriptions of the land of Karkemis according to the treaty between Suppiluliuma and Sattiwaza (CTH 51). We argue that the toponyms that establish the boundaries of Hanigalbat and Karkemis in the treaty were excluvisely on the east bank of the Euphrates; this is contrary to what is usually proposed by scholarship, which locates some of the toponyms on the west bank of the river. Thus, the territory of Karkemis significantly expanded beyond the Euphrates after the establishment of Hanigalbat, while the east bank was subsequently controlled by Suppiluliuma's son, Piyassili. Pushing the borders beyond the natural limits of the river was groundbreaking, albeit eventually an unfeasible enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon and contributing to a feminist geography of borders, the chosen methodological approach examines women's bodily experiences at a Southern EUropean border, the Spanish enclave of Melilla. Drawing on three months of ethnographic fieldwork, this article scrutinises the care interactions unfolding in a Centre for Immigrants between medical humanitarians and women residing there in their position as both migrants and patients. The analysis foregrounds the gendered forms of domination that the care function of the humanitarian border entails. I argue that medical humanitarians are vested with the power to decide over women's mobility in the name of care on the basis of an entanglement of administrative and medical procedures in this border context. While women are subject to greater humanitarian intervention due to the association of their embodied states with vulnerability, the biopolitical migration management of the border grants medical humanitarians a decision-making authority. The article uncovers how medical humanitarianism, enmeshed in the border regime, yields gendered constraints from practices of immobilisation to imposed practices of mothering. It traces the rationale for these practices to racialised and gendered processes of othering that usher in perceptions of undeservingness and sustain a humanitarian claim for biopolitical responsibility over these women's mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the special issue on Children Displaced Across Borders, tied to the outcomes of the conference held in Swansea in 2016. It explores discussions in migration research that attend to different meanings of the 'border' in relation to varied displacements of children. It starts with the discussion about the boundaries of migrant subjectivities and brings into question the ability of the child to manage and order displacements. It considers changing ethical and symbolic boundaries that are used to represent children and their movements, and challenges dominant dialectical oppositions used to define their belonging. It explores the linguistic and symbolic structures enabling children's displacements and disappearances. It concludes with the conceptual observations about different ways of engaging with the silences and limit-experiences in children's displacements often overlooked in contemporary migration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he formation and disintegration of the U.S.S.R. was one of the vital historical events of the 20th century. The Central Asian republics were established by the Soviet government in the 1920s and 1930s as a result of the national and territorial state delimitation, and the borders between them were provisional. As the republics obtained political independence, the process of defining state borders between the new sovereign countries began. This process turned out to be difficult for Uzbekistan, among others, but the republic was mostly able to mutually resolve interstate borders issues based on “uti possidetis.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the recent proliferation and co-presence of institutional and makeshift camps and encampments in Europe, this article explores the current multifaceted geographies of the camp and their formal and informal spatialities. By engaging with key work in 'camp studies' we analyse contemporary institutional and makeshift refugee camps in their complex relationship. While the review of the existing literature is a fundamental starting point for our analysis, in this article we propose to depart from a perspective exclusively focussed on institutional camps to incorporate a reflection on the informal encampments that have recently proliferated in Europe. In particular, we reflect on how these makeshift spatial formations are associated with the presence and workings of institutional camps, at times in a complementary, almost symbiotic relationship. We conclude by suggesting that camps should not be studied in isolation and that both institutional and informal camps should be examined as dynamic spaces that may be transformed and appropriated by their residents, becoming part of the current fragmented mobilities of irregular migrations across Europe and of the related political geographies of bordering, smuggling, and humanitarian care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centuries-long existence of Croatian lands in different political and geographical frameworks, as well as their bordering position between civilizational and culturally diverse and often opposing political and territorial units, have conditioned the process of very dynamic political, territorial and demographic changes that gradually shaped the borders of the modern Republic of Croatia. The area of the Croatian Danube region with the country's eastern national border to Serbia, has not been exempt from such historical and geographical dynamism. The genesis of the Croatian national border in this area is mostly recent, but its emergence in 1945 as the republic border between Croatia and Serbia within the newly established socialist Yugoslavia was indirectly conditioned by the historical and geographical processes that preceded it. With the independence of the Republic of Croatia and other republics of the former Yugoslavia, a number of open border and territorial disputes created by the change of the republic's borders to national ones occurred. The above mentioned eastern national border of Croatia is among such disputed areas. Its northern segment which is related to the stream of the Danube river became an object of Croatian territorial dispute, firstly with FR Yugoslavia and afterwards with its successor Serbia, mostly due to the opposing geographic and legal interpretations concerning borderline, and the fact that the precise delineation was not conducted during the time of socialist Yugoslavia. The actual border dispute between Croatia and Serbia in the Danube river region is contextualized in the paper through a historical and geographical analysis of the border's genesis. A review of historical and geographical facts, as well as a valorisation of both countries' views on the matter of the disputed border segments are used to reach relevant conclusions regarding the dispute in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research frameworks for archaeology in the UK have a long history. Since the 1990s research frameworks have been developed in formal programmes initially driven by state heritage bodies. These were intended to facilitate better decision-making in development-driven archaeological projects, and to provide an interface between archaeologists. However the effectiveness of such frameworks is limited by a number of constraints. These include 'internal' boundaries created by historic environment professionals: chronological borders; professional borders; disciplinary borders; and borders limiting access and regulating control. There are also boundaries created by others, which include institutional and resourcing constraints as well as the geographical limits of modern administrative boundaries. This paper discusses these issues through the prism of the border region between England and Wales, a borderland zone with long histories of conflict and co-operation. Some suggestions are offered for future changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we seek to challenge some of the ways in which the '2015 Mediterranean migration crisis' has been scripted by elites. Situated within – and contributing to – a flourishing research agenda on everyday geographies and ontologies of personal (in)security, we aim to bring non-elite knowledge and experience to the foreground. We do so by examining the diverse grounded perspectives of those on the move who are arguably the key dramatis personae in the so-called 'crisis' and yet whose voices are often absent in dominant representations of it. Specifically, we focus on the dynamic interplay between contemporary European Union border security apparatuses and mobile subjects who encounter, negotiate and challenge these apparatuses. Drawing upon 37 in-depth qualitative interviews with recent arrivals as part of a multi-sited research project across the Mediterranean region, we offer a historicized and geographically situated analysis of the contested politics of 'irregularity' on the island of Malta. As a geopolitically significant site along the central Mediterranean route, the changes in migratory dynamics witnessed in Malta over the past two decades offer an instructive lens through which the 'crisis' narrative can be usefully problematized and disaggregated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refugee has become part of the scholarly discourse of schooling, largely centring considerations of psychological trauma that refugee children may have experienced. However, the role that schools play in creating, replicating, or transforming a national discourse of refugees—and by extension, (inter)national identity and citizenship—at the curricular level remains less explored. This exploratory study maps language-in-use from secondary school lesson plans about refugees, collected from United States teaching contexts. Utilizing qualitative and critical discourse analysis (CDA) methods to analyse discursive strategies employed in these lessons, tensions between the espoused objectives and pedagogical procedures of the curricula emerge. Findings reveal a narrative that enacts a national identity and supremacy within a global discourse, maintaining boundaries between citizens and refugees—between 'us' and the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends discussions of the geographies of the body by examining hair as a geographical lens that reimagines the body's borders. Hair is a key agent in producing and representing the body, specifically through the presences and absences of hair that influence, disturb, transform and transcend its margins. By examining the materialities, performances and discourses associated with how and where hair is situated (or not) on the body, this paper situates hair as a geographical prism that explores new frontiers of the bordered body, shapes corporeal understandings of appearance and projects identities and power well beyond its physical limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Settler colonialism is premised on the replacement of an indigenous population with an exogenous one on the land. Therefore, territoriality, or territorial control, is its irreducible element.1 As it is traditionally conceived, the exercise of territoriality requires that the territorial extent of control be clearly bounded and communicated. But in settler colonial contexts the frontier is a mobile index of expansion – though not yet fully inhabited or annexed, it would eventually and inevitably be part of the settler polity. Therefore, the form of territorial control operating in the frontier of settler colonial formations is unbounded territoriality, a strategy of territorial control best exercised by not delimiting boundaries, by not making clear the extent of sovereign authority. Because settlers are 'founders' of political orders who carry their sovereignty with them into the frontier,2 the territorial limits of settler sovereignty are liminal – indeterminate, ambiguous, and pending – at least until the frontier is closed and final borders are established. Israel, though, has been unable to close the frontier and delimit final territorial borders, which has resulted in the indefinite character of the 'occupation' and the continued exercise of unbounded territoriality, particularly in the West Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the French overseas territories of the Caribbean and Indian Ocean, which are also European 'outermost regions,' make up the first borders of 'Fortress Europe,' geographically, historically and legislatively. Since the 1980s, a set of laws, described as 'laws of exception,' place the majority of the foreign residents in a state of 'illegality.' These overseas territories are in the vanguard of a French 'regime of deportation' that targets foreign nationals, indigenous populations and former colonial subjects. They are places of experimentation for legal exceptions, which are then implemented in metropolitan France. This paper will analyze how the reinforcement of borders contradicts the popular and scholarly representation of the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean as sites of mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article advances the understanding of borders with respect to their epistemological, ontological, and empirical intersections with violence and conflict, which remain understudied within critical border studies. Specifically, the article explores the potential of recent interdisciplinary research on the border–migration nexus to find critical resources that might foster a better understanding of the complex relationships between borders, violence, and conflict. From this viewpoint, the border is not only a site of the founding violence of the sovereign power, but borders – reconceived as borderscapes – can also be regarded as a site of generative struggles where alternative subjectivities and agencies could be shaped. The article concludes with a call for an applied, committed, and engaged research capable of recovering its inherently political dimension moving towards a 'politics of hope' and beyond the simplistic yet dominant interpretations of the border–violence–conflict intersections, which are trapped in the 'politics of fear'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐scale anthropogenic changes to landscapes will cause species to move and shift their ranges against a backdrop of international political boundaries. Transboundary conservation efforts are therefore key to preserving intact and connected landscapes, particularly if such efforts can be implemented within the framework of protected area networks that provide for resiliency and persistence in the face of threats such as climate change. We studied the distribution, connectivity, and integrity of protected areas in regions near international borders within the Americas. We found that there is a greater proportion of land protected near vs. far from borders, with this effect extending approximately 125 km from the border. This trend was most pronounced when considering multiuse categories of protected areas in the analysis. We also found that there is greater connectivity of protected areas in border regions than more internally within countries, and relatively low rates of habitat loss within border‐situated and internal protected areas. Our results indicate that protected area networks are larger and more connected if considered in a transboundary context and that efforts to conserve species and mitigate effects of long‐term stressors like climate change will be most successful when planning includes neighboring countries. Despite a relative lack of attention to transboundary conservation in the Americas, our results suggest substantial opportunities for linking landscapes via a focus on international border regions and coordination across borders in protected areas management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of ouvirOUver is the property of ouvirOUver and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores two methods that have allowed me to teach Adventures of Huckleberry Finn at a high school that straddles the racial dividing line in Kansas City, Missouri. In my class, students discuss the racially constructed boundaries the novel exploits. We then contextualize the current racial boundaries expressed in our cities and in our schools by reviewing census maps and reports and apply these trends to Twain's literary situations. Second, we view these literary situations and their characters within a Menippean satirical framework, whereby characters represent mental attitudes of people within a culture. By employing these two methods my students question how our mental attitudes have, or in some cases, have not changed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Old maps, mainly from the period between 1890 and 1940, have been collected in the framework of the project "Old Maps of the Jizera Mountains". These maps provide us with a complex picture, mainly of tourism, in this currently Czech–Polish territory. The territory of the Jizera Mountains was inhabited mainly by a German-speaking population on both sides of the border until 1945. Yet it is interesting to examine how the border between the two states – in those times Czechoslovakia and Germany, now Czechia and Poland – was illustrated on these old maps. This article argues that the border was not perceived as a barrier as such until later on, mainly due to the ethnic change in the borderlands. It also reveals that the borders on the maps are of manifold nature and cannot be simply limited to the national borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theorizes the border as imbricated in everyday life, especially in a small territory such as Gibraltar. We document the results of a 2018 survey of Gibraltarians' attitudes toward the frontier between the 2016 Brexit referendum and the planned departure of the UK from the EU in 2019. We argue that virtually all respondents felt that a change in the border regime would affect community cohesion and identity. Second, we argue that generational differences within Gibraltar are productive of variegated attitudes towards Brexit and the frontier. Generational differences are complicated by the dynamism of Gibraltar's population composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War on July 17, 1937 marked a before and after in Spanish society, and the consequences of this conflict had an impact far beyond the Spanish borders, especially in those countries that welcomed exiles fleeing the reprisals of the Franco government. The open-door policy of Lázaro Cárdenas attracted thousands of families to Mexico that arrived in numerous waves seeking refuge while awaiting the fall of Franco. Among these families were those of Carlos Blanco Aguinaga and Angelina Muñiz Huberman, future writers who settled in the Mexican capital at ages thirteen and six, respectively. Unlike their parents, they had not decided to go into exile voluntarily, since they did not have a full awareness of the situation due to their young age. However, they were forced to face the experience of exile during their childhood, which led to the birth, over time, of a new nationalist identity discourse based on the disappearance of geographical boundaries as a primary element. This essay aims to explore the emergence of a deterritorialized identity through an approach to memories -pseudomemories- in both writers, based on the theories of Deleuze and Guattari, subsequently developed by critics such as Joris Pierre and Rosi Braidotti, and their interpretation of the nomadic subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines contemporary essay films that concern refugee im/mobilities across the Mediterranean Sea. In the last few decades, the Mediterranean has been transformed into a fatal space for those attempting to cross the sea without documents. The dominant Eurocentric perspective reductively views these refugee and migrant crossings as violations of European borders. Such limited frameworks feed into the category of 'crisis', which demands immediate intervention and top-down governmental solutions, such as the militarization of borders. In this article, I explore essay films that counter and disrupt the 'crisis' framework and the sense of urgency and tragedy it evokes: Havarie (2016), a slow-form documentary by Philip Scheffner, and The Leopard (2007), a dance film by Isaac Julien. Drawing on recent theories of multi-directional memory, I investigate the ways in which these films establish mnemonic connections across diverse experiences of displacement, including those produced by European colonialism, transatlantic slavery and postcolonial conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contends that the rhetoric and logics of intimacy in Australia's border security regime are central to dividing desirable from undesirable mobility, by distinguishing 'deserving' from 'undeserving' refugees in a politics of differential compassion. Insofar as intimacy is tied to senses of closeness and identification as well as ideas of morality and love, it is deployed by anti-refugee and pro-refugee advocates to cultivate certain affects (antipathy or sympathy, feelings of distance or belonging) by appealing to notions of strangeness vs commonality, victims versus perpetrators, moral similitude versus moral incompatibility, and corresponding values versus incommensurable ones. Focusing on the discourse surrounding the Asia-Australian border security regime that incarcerates refugees arriving by boat in offshore 'processing centres', this article demonstrates that sensationalist and sentimentalist portrayals of refugees as sexual perpetrators or sexual victims in media, government and political discourse work in tandem with a politics of differential compassion, privileging some refugees over others. It also traces how intimacy can generate alternative bordering practices by mobilizing feminine moral authority in networks of care to generate meaningful and material relationships with refugees that sometimes serve as the ground for a more transformative solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If on a global scale, our late-modern era is marked by intensifying mobilities of many kinds, then Asia as a geo-cultural region exemplifies this trend in particularly forceful ways, with large mobile populations including permanent migrants, refugees, international students, labour migrants, young travelers, as well as well-developed cross-border networks of mobile media technologies, products, talents, and finances. Our starting point in this article is the idea that these intensified mobilities sketched are transforming people's experiences of everyday life and subjectivity in Asia and beyond. The increased regionwide 'mobilisation' of economic, social and cultural life seems likely to transform people's senses of place and movement; experiences of labour; everyday affective and embodied sense of self; gendered, sexed, raced and classed subjectivities; visual and media cultures; youth cultures; cultures of consumption, and more. This raises a plethora of theoretical and empirical questions for a regionally focussed cultural studies. How frictionless are these intensifying flows: which borders and blockages mould the new, transnational experiential geographies that are taking shape? Which populations are advantaged by increased mobility, and which minoritised? What new inequalities emerge as a result of intensifying mobilities – and how do people live with, resist, and creatively negotiate these inequalities at the micro-level of everyday practice? And what will 'Asia' come to mean in the emergent reconfigurations of place, geography and identity being wrought by intensifying mobilities? In order to lay the conceptual groundwork for the special issue, this article begins by tracing the interconnections between three of our key terms – (im)mobilities, precarities, and borders – in conversation with the relevant theoretical scholarship on these concepts across a range of disciplinary fields. This leads to the theorisation of a new concept that articulates these connections: (im)mobile precarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]