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This article traces a brief genealogy of the move from totality to discrepancy as a major shift in the understanding of ideology and its critique as it supposedly takes place in art. Drawing on the work of Jorge Luis Borges, a model is developed for the study of 'theoretical ideology', as distinct both from the 'political ideology' of the author and from the 'aesthetic ideology' of his work. Borges's texts on the paradox of Achilles and the tortoise, in particular, are read as signposts on the path that leads from Lukács to Adorno and from Sartre to Lacan or Miller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the metaphysical concepts of materialism and time. It incorporates musings from such thinkers as 20th-century German philosopher Martin Heidegger, Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges, French philosophers Michel Foucault and Alain Badiou, and American Marxist literary critic Fredric Jameson.

The article focuses on the centrality of the philosophy of pragmatism to the work of writer Jorge Luis Borges. Pragmatism is defined as an American way of thinking and of an attempt to transform the world through thought. Borges' respect for philosopher William James is discussed. Examples of similarities between passages written by Borges and texts taken from James' work are provided.